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Assessment of Radioactivity in Man ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY IN MAN Half scan INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA,1964 Symposium on the Assessment of Rad ÁN: 100872 v .1 c.3 Seib. UN: 612.014 S9894 000DG7b-fll4b ASSESSMENT . OF RADIOACTIVITY IN MAN PROCEEDINGS SERIES ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY IN MAN PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVE BODY BURDENS ' , IN M A N HELD BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION AND WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AT HEIDELBERG, 11-16 M Á Y 1964 In two volumes VOL.I INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1964 Symposium on the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, 11-16 May 1964. Assessment of radioactivity in man. Proceedings . held by the International Atomic Energy Agency . ..Vienna, the Agency, 1964. ■ 2 vols. (IAEA, Proceedings series) 612.014.483 616.073.75 ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVE BODY BURDENS IN MAN, IAEA, VIENNA, 1964 STI/PUB/84 Printed by the IAEA in Austria October 1964 FOREWORD This Symposium on the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man was organized jointly by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Inter­ national Labour Organisation and the World Health Organization and was held in Heidelberg from 11-15 J\Iay 1964. It was attended by 181 participants from 28 countries and 6 international organizations. It was the objective of the Symposium to bring together experts from the various scientific disciplines of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and mathematics, and to survey their experience in the assessment of radio­ active body burdens in man and the resultant radiation doses. In most in­ vestigations of internal contamination the errors in the physical measure­ ments are smaller than the errors associated with the interpretation of measurements. For this reason special emphasis was laid in this meeting on the interpretation of measured data. The 67 papers and the discussions which they stimulated are published in these Proceedings produced in two volumes. Volume I includes all papers which deal with problems generally common to many isotopes: in- vivo counting, bioassay techniques, sample counting and analysis of data. Volume II includes those papers concerned with radioisotopes of specific elements: caesium, radium, radon, strontium, tritium, thorium, uranium, plutonium and rare earth elements. These Proceedings should prove invaluable to all radiation protection services entrusted with the physical surveillance of internal radiation ex­ posure of man. They should complement the studies of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and assist the work of the Organizations that jointly organized the meeting. The three Organizations wish to express their appreciation to the Govern­ ment of the Federal Republic of Germany for its generous invitation and to the scientists who contributed the valuable new information. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers and discussions incorporated in the proceedings published by the International Atomic Energy Agency are edited by the Agency's edi­ torial staff to the extent considered necessary for the reader's assistance. The views expressed and the general style adopted remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. ■ For the sake of speed of publication the present Proceedings have been printed by composition typing and photo-offset lithography. Within the lim i­ tations imposed by this method, every effort has been made to maintain a high editorial standard; in particular, the units and symbols employed are to the fullest practicable extent those standardized or recommended by the competent international scientific bodies. The affiliations of authors are those given at the time of nomination. The use in these Proceedings of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the Agency as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brimd-names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the Inter­ national Atomic Energy Agency. CONTENTS OF VOL. I INTRODUCTION . Formulation of relationships between the radiation exposure of tissues and the excretion rate of nuclides (SM-52/81) . .............................. 3 E. E. Pochin On the development of devices for the determination of total-body radioactivity in man: a historical and critical review (SM-52/58). 15 B. Rajewsky, A. Kaul and J. Heyder IN VIVO COUNTING A two-crystal scanning-bed counter for accurate determination of whole-body activity (SM-52/49)............ ............................................ 55 Y. Naversten A new technique for determining the distribution of radium and thorium in living persons (SM-52/36) .................................................. 67 С. E. M iller Shapes of scintillation spectra (SM-52/46) .............................................. 79 K. G. McNeill and V. K. Mohindra Human beta bremsstrahlung detection by means of thin and thick . sodium iodide crystals (S M -52/47 )......................................................... '91 L . G. Bengtsson An improved chest phantom for studies of plutonium and americium in human lungs (SM-52/17) .. ............................................ ; ................ 115 R. G. Speight, C. O. Peabody and D. Ramsden Nouveau compteur proportionnel destiné à la détection in vivo de traces de plutonium dans les poumons (SM-52/26) ........................ 131 A. La n isa rt et J. - P . M o ru c c i ' ■ Performance of an arrangement of several large-area proportional counters for the assessment of Pu239 lung burdens (SM-52/56) .... 141 R. E h ret, H. K ie fe r, R. M aushart and G. M oh rle BIOASSAY Sampling and analysis for assessment of body burdens (SM-52/31)... 155 J. H. H arley A survey of the methods used in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority for the determination of radionuclides in urine (SM- 52/ 1 6 )................................................................................................... 169 S. Jackson and N. A. Taylor Recent radiochemical procedures for bio-assay studies at Trombay (S M -52/67) ........................................................... : ...................................... 195 P. R. Kamath, I. S. Bhat, Kamala Rudran, M. A. R. ,Iyengar, . Elizabeth Koshy, U rm ila S. Waingankar and Vasanti S. Khanolkai• Comparison of excretion analysis with whole-body counting for assessment of internal radioactive contaminants (SM-52/39).......... 217 C. W. S ill, J. I. Anderson and D. R. P e rc iv a l The ro le of faecal analysis in a bioassay program m e (S M -52/10) .... 231 J. D. Eakins and A. M organ - Radiochemical determination of plutonium for radiological purposes (SM- 52/3 7) ..................... : .............................................................. 245 J. M. Nielsen and T. M. Beasley A procedure for the determination of alpha-emitting plutonium in urine using a solid-state counter (SM-52/9)........................................ 261 F. J. Sandalls and A. M organ . A dou ble-filter device to m easure radon and thoron in the breath . (SM- 52/53) ................................................................................................... 275 W. Jacobi Total counting and spectroscopy in the assessment of alpha radios activity in human tissues (S M -5 2 / 2 )............. ......................................... 291 W. V. M ayneord and C. R. H ill The use of gamma-ray scintillation spectrometry in bioassay (SM- 5 2 / 8 )............ .............................................. ..................... Г ............. 311 A. H olm es INTERPRETATION OF DATA Interpretation of bioassay data (SM-52/89) . ........................................... 329 G. W. Dolphin and S. Jackson Influence of aerosol properties and the respiratory pattern upon hazards evaluation following inhalation exposure (SM-52/40)......... 355 R. G. Thomas A critical survey of the analysis of microscopic distribution of some bone-seeking radionuclides and assessment of absorbed dose (S M -52/88) .................................. ............................................................... 369 W. S. S. Jee List of Chairmen of Sessions and Secretariat of the Symposium ........ 395 INTRODUCTION (Session 1) FORMULATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RADIATION EXPOSURE OF TISSUES . AND THE EXCRETION RATE OF NUCLIDES ' E. E. FOCHIN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL, LONDON, ENGLAND Abstract — Résumé — Аннотация — Resumen FORMULATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RADIATION EXPOSURE OF TISSUES AND THE EXCRETION RATE OF NUCLIDES. The organization of protection against undue occupational exposure to internal radiation involves several processes: 1 1. Decisions as to the highest dose-rates, for the body or for particular'organs-, that can be regarded as permissible; 2. Estimation, for all relevant nuclides, of the intakes, and of the body burdens, which would cause any such dose-rates to be reached or sustained; ' 3. Monitoring of exposed individuals to determine what fraction of a permissible body burden of any nuclide is retained in the body. Techniques of monitoring by whole-body counting, or by data on excretion or exhalation rates, are relevant to the Symposium. Several major problems are involved: (a) For most radionuclides, insufficient metabolic data are available to link tissue dose-rates either with body burdens or with excretion
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