Graphics & Media Production MSM-503 SUBJECT: GRAPHICS AND MEDIA PRODUCTION COURSE CODE: MSM-503 AUTHOR: MR. ABHISHEK SAINI LESSON NO.: 1 VETTER: MR. AROHIT GOYAT CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF GRAPHICS AND PRODUCTION STRUCTURE 1.0 Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Graphics 1.1.1 Application of Graphics 1.1.2 Visual Arts 1.1.3 Communication Art 1.1.4 Graphic Arts and Production 1.1.5 Functions of Graphic Communication 1.1.6 Print Production 1.2 Check Your Progress 1.3 Summary 1.4 Keywords 1.5 Self-AssessmentTest 1.6 Answers to Check Your Progress 1.7 References/Suggested Readings 1.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After going through this lesson, you will be able to: Define theConcept of Graphic Communication. Acquaint about Print Production aspects. Determine the concept of Conventional Printing Technologies. Identify different printing like Relief Printing, Offset Printing, Gravure Printing, Screen Printing, Non-Impact Printing, Inkjet Printing, Electrophotography Printing and Thermography Printing. 1.1 INTRODUCTION DDE, GJUS&T, Hisar 1 | Graphics & Media Production MSM-503 Graphics and art means different things to different people. In Indian philosophy, art is satyam, shivamand sundaram. Satyam truth, shivam is that which does good to all and sunderam is beauty. Art touches us every day and everywhere-at home, at school and on the street. Art is both the process and the product of man’s creativity, it is an experience. All of these concept can be expressed in a single statement: Science is rational objective analysis; art is emotional subjective synthesis. A graphic is an image or visual representation of an object. Therefore, computer graphics are simply images displayed on a computer screen. Graphics are often contrasted with text, which is comprised of characters, such as numbers and letters, rather than images. The term ‘Graphics’ derived from (from Greek word graphikos, "belonging to drawing") are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage, it includes a pictorial representation of data, as in c manufacture, in typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software. Images that are generated by a computer are called computer graphics. Examples are photographs, drawings, line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text, illustration, and color. Graphic design may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flyer, poster, web site, or book without any other element. Graphics can be functional or artistic. 1.2 CONCEPT OF GRAPHICS The earliest graphics known to anthropologists studying prehistoric periods are cave paintings and markings on boulders, bone, ivory, and antlers, which were created during the Upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000–10,000 B.C. or earlier. Many of these were found to record astronomical, seasonal, and chronological details. Some of the earliest graphics and drawings are known to the modern world, from almost 6,000 years ago, are that of engraved stone tablets and ceramic cylinder seals, marking the beginning of the historical periods and the keeping of records for accounting and inventory purposes. From 600–250 BC, the Greeks played a major role in geometry. They used graphics to represent their mathematical theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem. In art, "graphics" is often used to distinguish work in a monotone and made up of lines, as opposed to painting. Line art consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a (usually plain) background, without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects. Line art is usually monochromatic, although lines may be of different colors. An illustration is a visual representation such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate DDE, GJUS&T, Hisar 2 | Graphics & Media Production MSM-503 a story, poem or piece of textual information (such as a newspaper article), traditionally by providing a visual representation of something described in the text. Illustrations can be used to display a wide range of subject matter and serve a variety of functions, such as: giving faces to characters in a story displaying a number of examples of an item described in an academic textbook (e.g. A Typology) visualizing step-wise sets of instructions in a technical manual communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative linking brands to the ideas of human expression, individuality, and creativity making a reader laugh or smile for fun (to make laugh) funny A graph or chart is an information graphic that represents tabular, numeric data. Charts are often used to make it easier to understand large quantities of data and the relationships between different parts of the data. A diagram is a simplified and structured visual representation of concepts, ideas, constructions, relations, statistical data, etc., used to visualize and clarify the topic. A symbol, in its basic sense, is a representation of a concept or quantity; i.e., an idea, object, concept, quality, etc. A map is a two-dimensional, geometrically accurate representation of a three-dimensional space. One difference between photography and other forms of graphics is that a photographer, in principle, just records a single moment in reality, with seemingly no interpretation. An engineering drawing is a type of drawing and is technical in nature, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items. It is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces and line styles), size, etc. Computer graphics can be either two or three-dimensional. 2D graphics come in two flavors - raster and vector. Raster graphics are the most common and are used for digital photos, Web graphics, icons, and other types of images. They are composed of a simple grid of pixels, which can each be a different color. Vector graphics, on the other hand are made up of paths, which may be lines, shapes, letters, or other scalable objects. They are often used for creating logos, signs, and other types of drawings. Unlike raster graphics, vector graphics can be scaled to a larger size without losing quality. 3D graphics started to become popular in the 1990s, along DDE, GJUS&T, Hisar 3 | Graphics & Media Production MSM-503 with 3D rendering software such as CAD and 3D animation programs. By the year 2000, many video games had begun incorporating 3D graphics, since computers had enough processing power to support them. Now most computers now come with a 3D video card that handles all the 3D processing. This allows even basic home systems to support advanced 3D games and applications. In the 1990s, Internet speeds increased, and Internet browsers capable of viewing images were released, the first being Mosaic. Websites began to use the GIF format to display small graphics, such as banners, advertisements, and navigation buttons, on web pages. Modern web browsers can now display JPEG, PNG and increasingly, SVG images in addition to GIFs on web pages. 1.2.1 APPLICATION OF GRAPHICS Graphics are visual elements often used to point readers and viewers to particular information. They are also used to supplement text in an effort to aid readers in their understanding of a particular concept or make the concept clearer or interesting. Magazines usually contain graphic material in abundance to attract readers. In computing, they are used to create a graphical interface for the user; and graphics are one of the five key elements of multimedia technology. Graphics are among the primary ways of advertising the sale of goods or services. i. Business: Graphics are commonly used in business and economics to create financial charts and tables. The term Business Graphics came into use in the late 1970s, when personal computers became capable of drawing graphs and charts instead of using a tabular format. Business Graphics can be used to highlight changes over a period of time. ii. Advertising: Advertising is one of the most profitable uses of graphics; artists often do advertising work or take advertising potential into account when creating art, to increase the chances of selling the artwork. Most importantly, graphics give a good look to artwork whenever it is applied. Any graphical work (especially advertisement) or any work of art for an advertisement to persuade and convince readers or viewers, it must be well designed with needed graphical tools so as to bring profit to the designer or advertiser. iii. Political: The use of graphics for overtly political purposes—cartoons, graffiti, poster art, flag design, etc.—is a centuries-old practice which thrives today in every part of the DDE, GJUS&T, Hisar 4 | Graphics & Media Production MSM-503 world. iv. Education: Graphics are heavily used in textbooks, in order to illustrate theories and concepts, such as the human anatomy. Diagrams are also used to label photographs and pictures. Educational animation is an important emerging field of graphics. The Oxford Illustrated Dictionary uses graphics and technical illustrations to make reading material more interesting and easier to understand. In order for a graphic to function effectively as an educational aid, the learner must be able to interpret it successfully. v. Film and animation: Computer graphics are often used in the majority of new feature films. A printing type seems like a simple rectangular piece of a metal but technical point of view it has numerous parts designated by their particular technical names. These part of printing type play a vital role while composing. These parts are enlisted as below: 1.2.2 VISUAL ARTS The meaning of art and graphics differs from person to person, depending upon once capabilities.