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Fundamentals Workshop in Photography

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Fundamentals Workshop in Photography Fundamentals Workshop In Photography Jeff McDonald Everett Long Whitewater Arts Alliance May 4, 2019 whitewaterarts.org/photography-workshop On Photography... “A good photograph is one that communicates a fact, “Most things in life are moments of pleasure and a touches the heart and leaves the viewer a changed lifetime of embarrassment; photography is a moment person for having seen it. It is, in a word, effective.” – of embarrassment and a lifetime of pleasure.” - Tony Irving Penn Benn “It’s one thing to make a picture of what a person looks like, it’s another thing to make a portrait of who “Great photography is about depth of feeling, not they are.” - Paul Caponigro depth of field.” - Peter Adams “Taking pictures is like tiptoeing into the kitchen late “Once photography enters your bloodstream, it is like at night and stealing Oreo cookies.” - Diane Arbus a disease.” - Anonymous “When people ask me what equipment I use – I tell “Don’t pack up your camera until you’ve left the them my eyes.” - Anonymous location.” - Joe McNally “The best thing about a picture is that it never changes, even when the people in it do.” - Andy Warhol “Your first 1,000 photographs are your worst.” - Henri Cartier-Bresson Welcome ● Fundamentals Steps to Great Photography: ○ Cameras and Lenses ○ Learn the fundamentals ○ Focus ○ Exposure (Aperture, f/stops, Shutter ○ Learn how to operate your camera Speed, ISO, Metering, Exposure Modes ● Other Camera Settings ○ Learn to see like a photographer ● Getting Sharp Images ○ Learn the field skills for your type(s) of ● Care and maintenance of gear photography ● Light and Shadow and how they matter in ○ Practice, shoot, edit, review, repeat... photography ● Composition: how the use of light, point of view, subject placement, rule of thirds, “The most difficult thing is what is thought to be diagonals, leading lines, etc. contribute to the simplest, to really see the things that are effective images before your eyes.” - Goethe ● Hands On Exercises Whitewater Arts Alliance We have many events coming up in 2019 and we want you to join us! Learn more at www.whitewaterarts.org ● May: Karolyn Alexander ● June: Wisconsin Regional Art Program ● June/July: Savory Sounds ● July: Fran Achen Photography Show ● August: Mixed Media ● September: The Road Less Traveled The mission of the Whitewater Arts Alliance, Inc. is to ● October: Cambridge Artists promote the visual and performing arts through an ● October: Bjorn Bernstrom Watercolor alliance of artists, individuals, educational resources, Workshop and organizations to promote creativity and diversity ● November/December: Members' Show that will serve to educate and enrich the lives of the residents of the Whitewater community and surrounding areas. 10th Annual Fran Achen Photography Show Benefits: ● Opportunity for your work to be seen by the public ● Build your confidence as an artist ● Grow as an artist by viewing the work of others ● Meet and talk to people with similar interests The Whitewater Arts Alliance has a number of opportunities throughout the year for displaying your work. Photography is welcomed and encouraged in a number of WAA shows, including the Member Show, the WRAP Show, and, of course, in the Fran Achen Photography Show. Photography Groups Photographic Society of America (PSA) East Troy Viewfinders Camera Club ● psa-photo.org ● etvcameraclub.org ● Worldwide organization for anyone with an ● Meets once or twice monthly, except during the interest in photography, from casual shutterbugs, months of June, July and August, downstairs at to serious amateurs, to professional the East Troy library located at 3094 Graydon photographers. Est. 1934. Avenue. Check website for meeting dates/times. PSA Wisconsin Chapter Janesville Camera Club ● www.psawisconsin.org ● www.janesvillecameraclub.org Wisconsin Area Camera Clubs Organization (WACCO) ● Meets on the 2nd Thursday of every month, ● www.wicameraclubs.org September through May, 7 pm, in the lower level ● WACCO promotes the art and science of of Premier Bank, 1400 Black Bridge Road in photography and offer various programs Janesville. including seminars given by nationally recognized PhotoMidwest (Madison) professional photographers, workshops, ● www.photomidwest.org exhibition opportunities, and competitions. ● Photo courses, interest groups, lectures & programming, and exhibits. Digital Camera ● Lens ○ optical device that refracts incoming light to form an image on the image plane ● Aperture/Iris Diaphragm ○ the size of the opening (in the lens) through which light enters the camera ● Shutter ○ the mechanical or electronic means by which the image plane is exposed to light ● Image Plane ○ the light-sensitive surface (sensor or film) where the image is captured ● Viewfinder ○ the means by which the camera provides a view of the scene for the photographer to use in composing the image DSLR ● Digital ○ Digital version of 70+ year old SLR ● Single Lens ○ Light enters the camera through a single lens ● Reflex ○ A mirror reflects the light through a prism into the eyepiece viewfinder ○ The mirror then moves up and out of the way to expose sensor ● Sharp viewing image ● Good in low light ● Fast, accurate AF system for action ● Vibrations caused by mirror DSLR Alternatives ● Point and Shoot/Phone Cameras ○ No interchangeable lenses ○ Often no viewfinder other than LCD ○ Phone cameras rapidly displacing true point and shoot cameras ● Mirrorless Cameras ○ Interchangeable lenses ○ Electronic viewfinder on mid- to high-end mirrorless ○ AF system uses contrast detection (somewhat slower) instead of the phase detection system of DSLRs ○ Rapidly evolving, most new camera development is currently in mirrorless Sensor ● Full Frame: same size as 35mm film, used in many pro DSLRs ● Every pixel requires a physical location (photosite) on the sensor to collect photons ● The larger the photosite, the more accurate the information: greater dynamic range, lower noise, better color, better low-light performance ● Sensor size: a far better quality indicator than megapixels, the spec most often cited ● 1 /2.5” is used in iPhone XS Crop Factor ● A full frame lens produces an image this size and projects it on the sensor ● A full frame camera captures the entire image ● A crop factor camera can only use the portion of the image that will fit on its sensor ● A 24mm f.f. lens mounted on a 1.5 crop factor camera is the equivalent of a 36mm lens, a disadvantage on the wide end ● A 300mm f.f. lens mounted on a 1.5 crop factor camera is the equivalent of a 450mm lens, an advantage on the long end Shutter ● Leaf Shutter (small blades meshed together) ● Focal Plane Shutter (2 synced curtains) ○ Used on some point-and-shoot ○ Proven technology cameras for cost reasons ○ Very fast shutter speeds available ○ Used on some medium and large ○ Limited flash sync speeds format cameras because of physical ○ Vibration size and some studio flash ○ Very fast frame rate limitations considerations ● Electronic Shutter ○ Typically not used in DSLR cameras ○ Quiet ○ Simple ○ No vibrations ○ Quiet, low vibration ○ Very fast shutter speeds ○ Flash sync at all shutter speeds ○ Moving objects distorted ○ High shutter speeds not available ○ Limited flash sync ○ Requires a shutter in every lens ○ Flash use may not be possible in some cases Focal Plane Shutter Lens ● Usually contains multiple precisely manufactured glass or plastic elements ● Elements work together to direct path of light as accurately as possible to the image plane ● Aberrations occur when points in the image do not re-form to corresponding points after passing through the lens ○ Chromatic aberration (misalignment of colors) ○ Loss of contrast ○ Vignetting Focal Length Image Formation ● Light is directional but travels in waves ● Cones (beams) of light reflected from each point in the scene diverge (expand) ● Light changes direction (refracts) when passing into or out of glass with non-parallel surfaces ● A piece of glass which is thicker in the center than on the edges will cause ● The Inverse Square Law holds that doubling diverging beams of light to converge the light source distance quarters the ● Details are only sharply resolved (focused) illumination at one optimal distance from the image ● Therefore, a 100mm focal length forms an plane image a quarter as bright as a 50mm focal ● A lens focused at infinity will form an length image at one focal length from the lens ● Further, doubling the diameter of the opening quadruples the brightness Focus ● Fixed Focus ○ Some simple cameras have focus-free lenses which are preset to always focus at about 2-½ meters (a little over 8 feet) ● Adjustable focus ○ Most lenses have element(s) which move to bring the image into focus ○ Closer to image plane to focus more distant subjects ○ Further from image plane to focus closer subjects ● Infinity focus ○ When the lens is focused on infinity (more than a few dozen meters away) ● Minimum focusing distance ○ Varies by lens Autofocus Modes ● Single subject autofocus (One-Shot AF on Canon; AF-S on Nikon) ○ Focuses on subject when shutter button pressed halfway; takes shot with full press ○ Good when subject doesn’t move such as landscape or people if shot is taken quickly ○ If focus point cannot be moved point to subject and get focus, keep button half pressed, recompose and shoot ○ Not well-suited for moving subjects, photos will be blurry or camera won’t shoot because it can’t acquire focus ● Continuous autofocus (AI Servo AF on Canon; AF-C on Nikon) ○ Acquires subject when button is pressed and continues
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