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Study on the Agricultural Production Evolution in Călărași County, Romania

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Study on the Agricultural Production Evolution in Călărași County, Romania Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2021 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 STUDY ON THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EVOLUTION IN CĂLĂRAȘI COUNTY, ROMANIA Oana Roberta CREȚU, Valentina Constanța TUDOR, Cecilia NEAGU University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania, Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Romania is one of the European countries with the most favorable soil and climate conditions in order to obtain quality agricultural productions and in significant quantities, which can cover an important segment of the domestic demand for agri-food products. Despite the considerable potential, the profitability in Romanian agriculture is still modest, indicating a use of production factors below the level of optimal values. Based on these considerations and predicting that in 2021, the population need for agri-food products consumption will increase, as a result of the repatriation of approximately two million Romanian citizens, who worked in the European Union countries due to the crisis generated by Covid-19, we initiated the present study on the agricultural production evolution in Călărași county, in comparison to South Muntenia Region, of which it is part and with the production at national level. For the data processing and interpretation, the method of statistical indicators was used, respectively, the comparative analysis of the researched phenomena. The comparison method was used in the analysis of the data series that covered time periods between 2000 and 2007 and 2008 and 2018, depending on the available data. For each period, the indicators were calculated: average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and annual growth rate. It results clearly that for the next period it is important to intensify some measures to provide subsidies, to use on large scale the need for irrigation, fertilization and other activities that will give perspective to evolution in this area and lead to the agrio-food security and independence of Romania. Key words: Calarasi County, agricultural crops, indicators, agricultural production, resources INTRODUCTION Globally, the food demand is projected to increase by 70% until 2050 due to the Experts appreciate that there is a process of growing population and income increasing [7, structural transformation worldwide, 8]. The developing countries will contribute following the occurrence of new global the most to this trend, with their demand for challenges with long-term effect, that requires food that will double in the next years. It is the elaboration of a strategic vision in the field estimated that the world population will and the implementation of concrete actions by increase from the current 7 billion to 9 billion the competent authorities in our country [1, 4, by the middle of this century, and 95% of this 20]. The highly numerous global population, growth will take place in the least developed increase of pressure on the natural resources countries [20]. The growing global income and global warming determine a new will be largely associated with the increased framework at national and international level urbanization (70% of the world population is [12]. expected to live in urban areas until 2050, In Europe, the population aging process is compared to 49% today) and with rapid also an additional challenge. All these aspects economic growth in some the most populated will have profound implications for countries (namely Brazil, China, India and agriculture and rural areas [11]. Russia). For the agri-food sector, these aspects World food demand is growing, increased are both an opportunity and a challenge. The urbanization, higher prices in input, pressure growth prospects of the agri-food market are a on water resources and increasing significant advantage for the farmers vulnerability of crops and animals to climate worldwide [19, 6]. change will limit food production [3, 12]. 141 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2021 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 Agriculture plays an important role in different situation from other EU member Romania, in relation to the size of the rural states, through a higher exposure to the shock population and the degree of employment. of demand (due to the high share of food About 45.7% of the Romanian population costs) and lower to the shock of supply (due lives in the rural area, compared to about to relatively low total exports ) [22]. 23.6% in EU member states [4]. There are major differences between rural and urban MATERIALS AND METHODS areas, the former being marked by a significantly higher level of poverty and a The research methodology is specific to the correspondingly lower living standard [21]. study; the bibliographic sources cited in the The development of agriculture and the paper were used, such as studies in the field, supply of public goods in rural areas is statistical reports elaborated by the National therefore essential for the European Institute of Statistics and Calarasi County integration of Romania and for achieving the Directorate of Statistics, reports of the social cohesion objectives [2, 11]. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural The insufficiency of the domestic food supply Development, the European Commission, to support the population consumption needs Călărași County Council and the County has become more acute in Romania in the last Directorate for Agriculture and Rural decade, under the pressure of increasing Development in Calarasi. [19, 20, 5,18, 13]. consumption of products with high nutritional We analyzed the agricultural production of value (animal products, vegetables, fruits, Călărași county through vegetable production fish), due to economic growth and implicitly with areas, crops and average productions and the increase of the population income. [7, 9]. animal production through livestock and In 2019, Romania compared to some EU productions obtained for periods of time States registered positive results in the starting with 1990 and until 2018, depending agricultural sector. The agricultural on the data available at national level, for production index in 2019 compared to 2018 comparisons between the counties of South was 96.2% on the total branch, of which Muntenia Region and the situation at national 94.4% on plant production and 99.2% on level. animal production [13]. Thus, for maize For the data processing and interpretation, the grains and sunflower it was on the first place, method of statistical indicators was used, both in the grown area and in the achieved respectively, the comparative analysis of the production; wheat in fourth place, both grown researched phenomena. The comparison area and production, after France, Germany method was used in the analysis of the data and Poland, and potatoes in fourth place series that covered time periods between 2000 grown area, after Poland, Germany, France, and 2007 and 2008 and 2018, depending on and in seventh place in production, after the available data. As this period is quite long, Germany, France, Poland, Holland, the United we divided it into two: until 2007 and 2008- Kingdom and Belgium [13, 12]. 2018, which meant 11 years, depending on the In 2020, over 44% of farms in Romania were available data. For each period, the indicators economically affected by the Coronavirus were calculated: average, standard deviation, crisis, feeling an impact especially on supplies coefficient of variation and annual growth of inputs and spare parts for machinery and rate. The data obtained for the two periods equipment [16, 2]. were compared by the differences between the For Romania, included in the group of the averages and growth rates of the analyzed developed countries, according to the results technical-economic phenomena and the of the FAO study, the degree of exposure to statistical evaluation of these differences for Covid-19 shock is high intermediate on the probabilities of 95%, 99% and 99.9% [17]. supply side and low intermediate on the As this period is quite long, we divided it into demand side [15, 12]. According to these two: until 2007 and 2008. evaluations, Romania is in a somewhat 142 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2021 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 We calculated the average achieved for the the agricultural area of the county decreased analyzed period, with the formula: by 1.2%, as a share of the total area of the (x) = (x)/ n, county, from 430,825 ha in 1990 to 425,798 where: ha in 2018. x is the technical, economic or social analyzed Significant increases are found in the category phenomenon; of pasture use, where the area increased by n is the number of years. 5,711 ha, and in hayfields by 104 ha, The coefficient of variation (C%) is given by respectively an increase of 200%. A dramatic the formula: decrease is recorded in orchards, where the C%= / x *100, area decreased from 820 ha to 207 ha, which where: represents only 25.2% of the area of 1990. x = average of phenomenon during the The analysis of the structure of crops shows analyzed period; the following aspects: a slight increase in x = standard deviation, which is calculated areas with cereals that occupied in 2018 an as a square average of the deviations of all area of 251,844 ha (102.6% compared to series elements from their arithmetic average 1990); an increase in the share of wheat crop [10]. to 31.7% (128,306 ha); a decrease in the areas The significance of the coefficient of variation of barley by 3,207 ha and maize by 11,184 ha, is evaluated if the values obtained are: less the area of sunflower was increased by 3,025 than 10% - small variation; between 10.1% ha (from 8.2% to 9.3%), the rapeseed crop and 20% - medium variation; over 20 – high was introduced which reached 17%; vegetable variation.
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