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adjourned to mid Uctober to alio* for Una of the state's first vitneaaea defence preparations. Ihe state has not vae Lieut*~Col. Harmanue Stedlar, vho I COURTS alleged that the eccuaed vere teetified that ha could ba conaidersd as phyeically responeible for the death of sn expert on the ANC. According to hie PRETORIA TREASON TRIAL. 2 vomen at the Silverton bank, nor has teatiaony, the ANC vea formed in 1912 1. Nciebithi Johnson Lubiei (28), it clsiaed that all the accuaad vera aa tha South African Native National 2* Petrue Teepo Haehigo (20), involved in the Soekmekeer attack or Congress, but later changed ita naae. 3. Nophtali Honone (24), 4. lkanyeng Hoitt Molebetoi (27). tha planning of tha bank aiege* What In 1944 tha ANC Youth Leegue vae foraed 5. Hioiiic Benjamin tau (24)t the prosecution doea claim ia that under the leadership of inter alia Nelaon 6. Phumulani Grant Sheri (2a), )# Jeremiah Radebe (26), each of the accuaad Joined and Handala, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo. 0. Boyce Johannee Bogale (26), participated in an ANC conaplracy to The Youth League introduced e more 9. I hoes a Mngadi (29) . overthrow the atete; that the Silverton militant etmoaphere into the ANC, and Aa datailad on pagea 39 - 41 or WiP 14, end Soekaekaar incidents vere part of during the 1950a a programme of thfc 9 accueed listed abova currently that general conapiracy, and that the demonatrationa and paaaiva reaiatance face charges of High treason, murder, accuaad are ell eccordingly raaponaible took place. attempted border and robbery vith for acta in furtherance of tha in the mid 19SGe the Congress aggravating circumstancea, aa veil aa conapiracy. For exesple, the three ANC alternative chargee under the Terrorism Aihanco vas formed. This involved an guerillae actually praaant at the Act. alliance between five orgenieetlona * Silverton siage (Humphrey Hakhubo, Ihv crux of the caee rsvolvoa ANC, Congreaa of Democrats, Coloured Stephen Tenia Nefoko and Wilfred Hadela) around the ettack on the Soekmekesr Peoples* Congreaa, South African Indian vere all killed in the police raid on the police station, and the aiaga at the Congreaa and the South African Congress banki but in terms of the ellaged Silverton branch of Volakaa bank aarly of Irsda Unions (SACIU). Ihe freedom conspiracy, and a legal doctrine of in 198Q. In addition to theee incidanta, Cherter vae adopted es tha policy of common purpose* the atete holda tha out ef vhicft the charges of aurdsr, these organisatiuna after it vea drasn accuaad raaponaible For the acta or tha attempted aurdar and robbery eaerga, up at tha ttliptovn Congreaa of the the ecsMed are slso allsgad to ba ANC 3 deed guerillas. People. members* to have undargone military Ihe state hea led svldence in 3 Originally purely an afrlcan major sectionsr training in ANC caapa (aainly in Angola), nationsliat organioetion, a aplit a the attack at Soeksekeer; to have been in poaeeeeion of a larqe emerged in the ANC in about 19JB a the sisge at Silvertont aaount af eras* sxploslves and ••munition between the Cherteriete and the a the apecific involveaent and ecta of ta have investigated certain tsrgets for Africaniate. 'he Africaniate broke evay tha ANC (police atations, a patrol each of the accuaad.t from tha ANC and foraed the PAC vhich Categorise of vitneaaea have included atarage tank, mnd tha Port Natal Bantu vva anti-comauniat and had only african a accomplices of tha accueed; Affaire Adainiatration Board). There aeabere* Ihe ANC, according to Stadler, a police vitnessee; are also charges of eatabliahing ANC admitted acebers of all racial groupa, a people involved vith the accuaad but bases, end recruiting paopla for and vae influenced by a coaauniet ailitery training* not held to be accompllcee by the perepective. the ststa esse is noo nseriog statai After the ANC vaa declared unlawful completion* and the trisl has been a hoatagee at the Silverton siege. in 1960, a ailitery ving knovn aa Oak on to /* t - we Sizwe (HK or Spear of the Nation) vsa completing his military training in teetified thet police cheeed Hngadi* formed, end seboteure vhu were erreeted Angola, he wee appointed heed of the firing shota at him before overpowering •ere found to be part of HK. Nelson ANC's Southern Natal Region. Hie duty was him in e atruggle. Mandela wee the first commander-in-chief to organise attecke on targets of en Evidence haa eleo been led on ANC of HK. A blueprint for guerille warfare economic, military and politicel baeee* erms caches and dead letter was drawn up end put into operation, significance* Among the tergete he boxes uncovered by police et Kwafheme which provided for sending people for listed were Pik Uothe, the judge in the neer Springe, Ga-K tinkua, Soekmekeer* •llltery treining* attacking tergete* end PietermariUburg Ireaeon Trial* Lieut. end neer Durban. dietributing propsgsnds material. Cul. Stadler of the security police* oil Ihe triel la due to reeume in .Ihe elme of the ANC* according to reflneriee* security police and etete mid-Uctober in the Pretoria Palece Stedler, included the violent wltnoeeee in terrorism Act trials. of Justice.
overthrow of the government, founding of Un December 27* |97Vf the witnees trede unions* etrikee, protest merchee* gsve himself up to the police, lie TUHKQHISH ACT THIALS« boycotts end distribution of propeganda identified moat of the accused as hsving material through pamphlets, poetere* undsrgone military treining in ANC cemps •Thandi Ruth Hodiaa (21), Hoaee Nkosi (24) radio* records end tape recordings. in Angola. In Herch 1979 he hed cerried and Aaron Slim ftogele (21)*; Stedler also referred to the out e mission to sabotage the Port Netel Charge! hodiss is alleged to have undergone sssseeination of peuple regerded by the Administration Hoerd building, hut this military training In ANC caapa in Angola and ANC ae traitors* such as Leonsrd Nkosi: hed fsiled when e detonstor did not go Tanzania, end returned to South Africe during e commander of one of the flret ANC off SS planned- 197&, UurinQ Hsrch 1978 the state clalma thet guerille groupa to Fight in Zimbabwe In Another accomplice witnees who mey ehe est firs to pilee of olothing in 1967, he wee erreeted in Durban and not be identified testified thet* efter Johannesburg branches of Cdgara end OK 6ezeare« eubeeguently geve etete evidonce in a receiving mllitery treining* he returned nodlae alao facea ehargee of posassslng srae* number of terrorise; Act trials. In 1970 to South Africe end geve himself up to ammunition end explosives* end inveetlgating he joined the eecurity police* snd the police. He then led them to e hide polios stetiona and a Krugeradorp Bentu Affaire remained e member until hie killing out of e gruup of guerillee where e Adminiatretlon Board with the elm of sabotaging in 1977, gun bettle took piece in which e guerilla them* Under croee examination, Stedler wee killed. Nkosi snd Regale ere allsged by the eeid thet to heve leeted ell thess yeers, Uther important evidence led by the etete to heve hsrboured flodloo on her the ANC muet be accepted by black people. etete came from police end hostages et return to South Africa, end etoring a He eleo eeid thet there wee greet rivelry the Silverton siege* police preeent et flreerm end sxploslvee belonging to her*> between the ANC and PACt both had* for the Soekmekear ettack* and police Huch of the triel hee revoived around example* cleimed reeponelbility for the involved in the erreet of two of the • tha admleeebility of otetemente mede by two recent etteck on SASUt, but "we don't accuaed in Hondlu townehip* neer Vryheld. of the eccuaed while in sscurlty police pey much attention to the PAC because it According to a police witneas Fhoass custody* flodlee testified thet she had been ie euch e email faction*"* eeid Stedler. Hngsdi, sccused number 9 in the triel* asssultsd by police* to make e confession* Another mejor etate wltneee* who in ettempted to eecsps from the Hondlo houee end Nkosi hee olelmed that he mede e terme of e court order mey not be in which he wee etaying when police etetement to evoid being torturedt "X identified, wee claimed by the state to errived. Are*) end exploeivee were etored thought that whet hed been done to othere be en accomplice of the accueed. After in the houee. Ihe police witness would be done to me tool I hed not heard of p*fje 4?
anyone who had bean to John Voreter Square were in the area* He refused to do so, received several pamphlets, booke and a tape 11 who had not been assaulted , Nkoal told tha telling Louw to "save your breath"* from the ANC in Lesotho* Ha had shown court* {Windhoek Supreme Court)* these to various people* He was not an AkC
A aanior Johenneeburg district aurgaon Athlone Khiaa (32)* member, although ha had come to know something who examined ftodlse while in detention, Dr Chargei The eccueed wae alleged to have about their courier syetem ueed to get Norman Jacobean, testified that in hia recruited 2 people for mllltery training, material Into South Africa* opinion, "lengthy period* 'of interrogation Verdict! Guilty on both counte* namely Johannee Nkabela and Johannea Nkoal* ..•could constitute an assault* I btliivt, Sentence! 8 yeare, of which 3 yeare were Nkoei, a member of the police who wanted to and 1 hawa aaanv that tha Security Police conditionally suspended for S yeare* Join the security police, end wee euepanded aubject detainees to etrenuoua interrogation". An eppaal agsinat aentence hee been notsd, from duty et the time of the trial, wee found Asked by tha defence how e peraon could end e bail application waa brought by the to be a dangeroue end unreliable witness by injure theaiaelvea while in police cuetody, accuaad. This waa refuaed by tha prealding the prealding magistrate* security police wltneaa Edward Jemee Tierney magletrete on the baeia that the ANC night Verdlcti Not guilty* claimed that at John Vorater Square "the msalit rifijims to flee South Africa* (Pretorle Regional Court, 15*09*80)* floor ie so elippery th-.t a person can fell Port Ellzabsth lioglonel Court, 11*09*60)* and injure hlaeeif or even fall while Thabo Hakunyane (24) and Cphrala Mogale (23)* APPEAL PROCEEDING^. eitting on a chair1** Charoei Ms unyane, a student at Turfloop Unlveraity, and Mogals, prealdent of COSAS, Judgement on whether the etatoaente Jamas Osnisl Hangs (24)* faced charges under tha Tsrroriem and Internet involved era adalasabls ss evidence against Range wee aentenoed to death for treason Security 'tots* They plaeded guilty to certein ths accuaad will be given on October 22, on Novsmbsr 15, 1979, by luetics Hafsr Tarrorlem Act chergee, involving the promotion when the trial resumee« sitting in ths Plstsraaritzburg Supreme of AUG end communiet objectlvee, forming en (Kington Park iJ ag io si Court), Court (eee j^IP 10 and 11 far deteile of the organisation known as the Communiet Advance trial proceedings). It wae found that he Narkui Kutsks (40) end Kendri Movement, forming youth clube to promote had prepersd sn sttsck on s police station Karloeb (45). 'unrest', end distributing unlawful and local magistrate et Whlttleaea, near Chsroji The eccueed are allegsd to hsve literature* Uuaenetown, and had led the group intending ssslstsd StdAPO guerilla flghtere by Chergee related to recruiting peoplm to undertake the attack* Only his arrest for providing them with food and accomodation, for mllltery treinlng were withdrawn egelnet a traffic offsnee, according to tha trial and e plan of fem bulldlnge of e farm neer the accuaad* judgs, prsvsntsd ths sttack taking plsos* Grootfontsln where they were employed* The Sentsnoe Is due to bs passed on both An sppssl sgainet tha death ssntsnea wss farahouss involved wee eubeequently ettacked accused at the end of September* -argued* Counsel for flhngs sccsptsd ths trial by guerillee on februery 17, 1979* (Pietsrsburg ^sglonal Court, 01*09*80)* judgs's findlnga that he had undergone • The fera owner, JFL Louw, told the court lfiURftAL SECURITY ACT TRIADS* mllltery training, but dleputad certain other that the 2 eccueed had been among hie aoet findings* These warm ell bsssd on ths trueted worksrs, end both were foramen. Prior Ien Keekeli ttfijlma (30)* svldence of one eccoapllce witness, whose to the attack, one of hie worksrs had warned Charaei The eccueed, e Journallea atudent svldsnos was not challenged beceues, et him to be ceraful bacsuae Kerleeb was *SdAP0 at Rhodee University, pleaded guilty to two thet etsgs of ths proceedings, the sccussd orientad** On the dey of the attack, he had chergee under ths Internal Security and had choasn not to bs dsfsndsd, snd refused lnetructad Ksrleab to run to a nearby farm Unlawful Organisations Acts* In a atetaaent to partioipeta In the trial* to warn the faally there that 'terrorists' handed In to court, ttfijlaa aald that ha had It wae eleo submitted- on behalf of ^ 1 "-.' H (MIB« 43 ' . •.. '.\v ,- * ^ * i* -*>• 1 'S*
Range, that the trial Judga'e perception roorultlng9 or bolng recruited, for ANC a Plaa of not guilty by tho aeouood"a logal of hlo tad been clouded by the etejoephere -unary training* edvleor, ond than dlrootly ojueetlenlng tha of tta triii, uhero tht iccuud refuaed to Tho appellente hovo aubaUttod that aeouood at length, thereby obtaining participete, voro oonteoptuoue of court certain edoleslone highly prejudicial to tho oolo ond only intoroot of Hkvenori prooeedlngof aeng and dieruptod tho hoeringa. In tha othor eon oecuaod with hio HOC tho accused, to writa o otory obout thoai In Poot In tha Judgement handed down, tho Chief neuapepe* and alio to furthor hlo ooroor (AppoUoto Olvloion of tho Suprena Court, Ouatloo uphold tha appeal agalnot tho daath oo o Jeurnellet. Bloeefontein, 11.09.90). eontenee* and eubotltutod o oontonco of 20 ffchoeneU alio clolM that It woo not hlo yooro ioprieonaent, Chlaf Juetloe Ruopff intention to ooalot othoro to leave tho • iid thot while South African court* hod country for aillltory training. thuefor boon lonlont tottardo offonooo of Ao for oo tho othor aeouood ora concerned, LABOUR treaeon, a eooploto change of attitude tho oppollonta hove argued that would bo neither eurprlolng nor unjuatlfled. At present South Africa vee bolng aubjoot Tho court ohould hove found that tho verelen of tho occueed thot thoy vented to "blatant ttrror% aald tha Judge. tholr photographo tokan ao that thooo ACTION f oould bo publlolood in tho neweoepore I uao tho word *tarrottao to daaorlbo In tho event of their bolng dotolnod violent attoeka on9 inter ollo9 completely tioo roaoonablo and pooolbly true. innooont poreona - nore often thon not coewitted by poopla fro* tho Republic Tho ototo has orguod thot tho photographo vere general who hovo undargono Military training In forolgn oountrlee# taken ao that thoy oould oo^ published oftor llcrelpnn vorkphnq for, .the., :illnfl (Ga-Rankuue)i 5 Trolnod torrorlato eeek....to kill tho oon hod laft tho country for Military **<* Jil£ 13, pacta 32, £i£ Ms P»Q» ° '« Innooont paoplo In order to overthrow tho State. Thlo la torrorlao In any training, earlier avents nt the workehop, 41 of tho MO language** Judgement hoa baon reserved. vnrkore who had earlier loot their Joba voro (Appeal Court* Bleeefontein, n.09.ao). v (Protorlo Supreoe Court)* refused reinstatement and paid 'back poy Jerooleh Kgokong Rejetledi (23), Thaol r^mnino frost 1121 to H28 - thla for vorkoro who 2 youthe. Gerald ffkhoonail (35), Ronald Cphrol* hint iirrn nt itprplonn for up to 27 yooro. On April 6, 1978, a group of yontha ened fiuoipi (18), Labogong Chrlaty nokono (lB) una wnrker onid that Iterelong atill f betveen 14 and 16 vara found guilty of Potruo Korol Senobo (22), Andrew ftootl roil nmirr south African authority and that Sabotago In tha Port Elizabeth «