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The impact of Mastery learning strategy on the level of performance of some jumps in Ballet for students at Faculty of Physical Education Menoufia University *Dr/ Wessam Adel Alsayed Ameen

Introduction : It isn’t any more generation capable to face the acceptable for a few students to requirements of the twenty first reach the degree of mastery, century , not only with his Therefore nearly most memorized information, but educators have agreed in all also with what it possesses of their different schools and analytical scientific critic mind visions on one basic principle for these information .( 12 : 94) and a strategic important goal, The mastery learning strategy that is to reach with the student has been considered among the case of desired learning , teaching methods that depends where for this purpose, all on presenting several capabilities are employed educational varieties for a starting from the educational learner with the availability of goals, the curriculum, the time for him, so as the desired accompanying activities, the educational good is achieved of educational techniques, and the majority of learners their innovations, the teacher mastery most of the and his methods in teaching educational syllable that is and evaluation , all this for the presented to them, Also, it purpose of making all students allows a learner to get the time or the majority among them he needs in achieving the reach the desired degree of subject. In addition to mastering of learning and this following suitable methods for is to educate and grow a learning that will lead to the

Lecturer at exercises , gymnastics department – Faculty of physical education, Menofia university.

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 330 capability of this learner to is indicated by (9:3.4),(17:1) reach a level of mastering and ,(10:21.22) teaching by the capacity.( 13 : 119 ) assistance of the educational The strategy of mastery technology means now used as learning requires preparing of an assistant teacher in teaching organized small educational , since its usage is represented units, organized sequentially in explanation, training, with specified educational educational games as a goals , expected levels of supporter that helps strengthen performance , group primary learners through supporting teaching, training and them with various feedback as synthesis tests, correction of it allows an opportunity for learning in group or them to work in their special individually, specified speed and supporting them educational procedures in with the an element of which a learner can correct his suspense. Furthermore, it difficulties in learning a facilitates an educational specific unit while the environment close enough to Synthesis tests : are kind of educational attitude. tests used to specify the final Dance considered an integrated achievement of a student in a art that performed by to teaching unit or a whole specific movements in a syllable subject and it is not limited place , and by trained used in diagnosing the learning persons to express an idea or a difficulties .( 7 :150) story or a certain subject .( 6 : The teaching technology 64 ) methods have been considered Due to the importance of among the important the mastery learning strategy basis that the education in acquiring several different strategy depends on for dance skills , some scientific mastering in achieving their studies have been conducted , goals and reaching with the among them :"Martinez & majority of learners to a level Joseph,"(1999), "Jorman, et, of masterly and capability , this al" (2004), "Mustafa

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Mohamed, Nasr Eldeen", a wrong vision due to the lack (2007), "Abdelhaleem Hafez of using all senses in teaching. Yaseen", (2012) "Mohamed Also, the followed teaching Fadil Mesleh", ( 2012). methods don’t put into Results of these studies consideration the individual showed the effectiveness of the differences between the mastery learning strategy in students, due to the short time learning several dance skills in because of the system of the comparison with the method of teaching semester, and the learning via order . growing number of students The researcher has also inside the lecture, a matter that noticed through her teaching leads to a decrease of the for the syllable of dance learning motivation , this has (Ballet) and through the led the researcher to try to theoretical and practical tests at know the difficulties , and the faculty of physical overcome them through using education –Menoufya the strategy of mastery learning University - and through and it includes several participation in the scientific educational alternatives tests at the department , that (teacher – computers – slides ) the students of the grade group so that the student can use the at the faculty find a difficulty educational alternatives before in performing some of the the lecture and during it skills of ballet (the cat jump - through the display screen in pas de chat and the jumping the training hall, so she will be with switching the legs – able to see the move and changement de pieds), in spite perform it. of the big focus and the great In light of what has been concern when teaching all mentioned , the problem of the skills , the level of the research is represented in performance with these trying to recognizing the effect students lacks some correct arts of using the strategy of mastery of performance , and they have learning as considered one of the methods of modern

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 332 teaching on learning and one at Faculty of Physical mastering some of the jumps in Education -Menofia University the ballet for the students of the Research Hypothesis: grade one at faculty of physical 1-There have been Statistically education - Menofia significant differences between University. the averages of the pre and post The research goals: measurements of the This research aimed to experimental group at the level recognizing : of the performance of some 1-the impact of using the jumps, (pas de chat – strategy of the mastery learning changement de pieds) in ballet on learning and mastering in favor of post measurement. some jumps ( pas de chat – 2- There have been Statistically changement de pieds) in ballet significant differences between for the students of the grade the averages of the pre and post one at Faculty of Physical measurements of the control Education -Menofia group at the level of the University. performance of some jumps , 2-The impact of using the style (pas de chat – changement de of learning by order and pieds) in ballet in favor of the mastering some jumps ( pas de post measurement . chat –changement de pieds)in 3- There have been Statistically ballet for the students of the significant differences between grade one at Physical the averages of the pre and post Education Faculty, -Menofia measurements of the control University . group and the experimental at 3-Differences between the the level of the performance of individuals of the two groups : some jumps, (pas de chat, – the experimental and the changement de pieds)in ballet control in learning and in favor of the experimental mastering some of the jumps group. (the cat jump -pas de chat – Research procedures : changement de pieds)in ballet Methodology: for the students of the grade

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The researcher used the Calculating the Moderation experimental method by using of distribution of the pre and post measurements for research sample: two groups, experimental and Calculation of the Moderation control.the experimental group of distribution of the research (mastery learning) and the sample has been conducted in other is the control group( the variables that might have learning via orders). an effect on the experimental The sample and population variable like the growth rates of research : (age,height,weight,intelligence The sample of research has ) and some special physical been selected by the intentional capabilities and the level of way and it number is (31) performance of some jumps in students in the first grade at ballet (under Faculty of Physical Education consideration),these -Menofia University. in second measurements have been semester for 2012/2013 from implemented (Homogeneity the total of research and parity) after conducting the population which is (64) scientific procedures of the students , (10) have been physical tests and the excluded for the exploratory intelligence test,(under study and a student stayed for consideration). repletion , so basic sample of Parity of the two groups of study has become (20)students the research : at a percentage of 31,25% , The researcher has they divided randomly into two implemented the parity equal groups as follows: between the two groups of - Experimental group research, the control and the composed of (10) students used experimental in rates of growth the strategy of the mastery rates (age- height-weight- learning . intelligence) and the physical - Control group composed of artistic variables , (under (10) students used the method consideration). , so as to make of learning via order. sure of the parity of the two

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groups from these variables , groups of the research , and this has been considered as the tables (1) (2) clarify this: pre measurement of the two Table (1) Signification of the differences between two groups experimental and control in rates of growth rates ( age , height , weight, intelligence) Variables Measurement Experimental group Control group T.test unit N=10 N=10 Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation AGE Year\day 18.60 0.58 18.50 0.47 0.39 HEIGHT m\cm. 164.50 4.26 163.77 4.39 0.36 WEIGHT Kg\g. 61.33 3.71 60.85 3.96 0.27 INTELLEGENCE degree 44.10 4.28 43.60 4.14 0.25 Value of tabulated " T " at level 0,05=2,101 Seen from the table (1) groups in rates of growth (age, the unavailability of height, weight, intelligence), a implications of differences at matter that implied the parity level 0,05 between the of individuals of the groups in experimental and the control these variables . Table (2) Signification of the differences between the experimental and the control groups in physical and technical variables , under consideration. Variables Measurement Experimental group N=10 Control group N=10 T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation Muscular power cm. 28.25 3.36 28.00 3.41 0,16 for leg on the vertical axis Muscular cm. 140.0 5.00 138.5 5.50 0,60 power for leg on Horizontal axis Agility Seconds 9.19 0.48 9.24 061 0,19

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Follow Table (2) Signification of the differences between the experimental and the control groups in physical and technical variables , under consideration. Variables Measurement Experimental group N=10 Control group N=10 T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation Dynamical Degree 69.20 3.66 68.50 3.48 0,42 Balance Flexibility Cm 10.75 2.34 10.20 2.19 0,51 of the torso and thigh Jumps in Degree 1.10 0.69 1.00 0.55 0,34 Ballet Pas de chat –cat's step Changement Degree 1.00 0.62 0.95 0.51 0,19 de pied Value of Tabulated" T " at level 0,05= 2,101 Seen from the table - Medical balance (2) the unavailability of - (CDs). (10) implications of differences at -Overhead Projector. (1) level 0,05 between the - Stopwatch.(2) - measuring experimental and control tape. groups in the physical and -Equipped Hall of dance technical variables under -A graduated wooden ruler consideration, indicates that Second: the physical tests, there is a parity of the under consideration individuals of the two groups 1- Vertical jump test : to in these variables . measure the muscular ability Tools of Data Gathering : on the vertical First: the used devices and axis.(17:378,379) tools in the research: 2- Standing long jump test : to -Rest meter device to measure measure the muscular ability the height of the body on the horizontal axis. (17:221- - computers. (10) 222)

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3- Zigzag run test-Barrow : to the student in jumps, under measure the general consideration in ballet . agility.(17:193-195) Fourth: IQ test booklet 4-the dynamic balance test : to photographer: prepared by measure the dynamical /Ahmed Zaki Saleh ( 1989) balance. (17:454-456) (5) . 5- The bend of the trunk of the front of the stand test to measure the flexibility of the Fifth: the strategy of the trunk and thigh. (17:327,328) suggested masterly learning: Third : evaluation of the level The goal of mastery strategy of the performance of the learning: jumps in ballet . 1-Teaching some ballet skills ( The level of pas de chat – changement de performance has been pieds ) for the students of the evaluated through a committee grade one at faculty of the composed of (3) members of Physical Education–Menofia the teaching board at the University. department of the exercises and Content of the mastery Gymnastic and dance who had learning strategy: their phd degree in physical 1-The educational learning education and have an steps have been specified, and experience in teaching in the the way of the technical department that is not less than performance of the ballet skills 8 years, that the degree has to ( pas de chat – changement de be calculated out of (10) pieds ) , this is through the degrees for each jump of the study of the researcher of jumps of the pas de chat and several scientific references in the changement of pieds - the dance (6),(30) . three degrees have been 2-The researcher has displayed calculated for the referees, the the content of the mastery total has been divided by three learning strategy on a group of so as to calculate the degree of experts in the field of dance and the methods of teaching,

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 337 attachment (4) and they have 6-The mastery learning acknowledged the validity of strategy includes (12) the suggested strategy for educational units two units applying. weekly, for (6) continuous 3-The mastery learning weeks, and the time of each strategy has included the unit is (90)minutes which have following educational been divides into : the physical alternatives, the first preparation and warm up its alternative, the teacher and her duration is ( 10) minutes, then role in displaying a model of the main part and its duration is the skill and the verbal (35) minutes for jumps training explanation, the second and the practical application, alternative is the slides which therefore, the time of the dance movement has clarified suggested daily educational on it to perform the jumps , unit is (45) minutes , and the under consideration, the third rest of the educational unit alternative is the computer , time which is (45) minutes,is and the CD . for the rest of the skills in 4- The students of the syllable of dance , and table (8) experiment group who haven’t clarifies the model of an achieved the percentage of educational unit by using the 80% of the desired goal, have strategy of the mastery learning been supplied with other under consideration . educational alternatives, and The Pre measurements: these are the slides and the CD. Before conducting the 5-The students of the Pre measurements, the experimental group who have researcher has taught two achieved 80% or more of the educational units for the desired goal have been divided individuals of the basic onto the rest of the students as research sample so that all the leaders to direct them to master individuals of the sample will and be able to implement the reach a particular level through jumps. which the researcher can conduct the Pre measurements

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in the period of 21-02- method of learning by order 2013,until 28-02-2013, then has also been used in learning the research has conducted the the jumps in ballet as a subject pre measurements for two of research for the members of groups(the experimental and the control group attachment ( the control) in the technical 6), at the period between 10- physical variables(under 03-2013- and 18-04-2013. consideration) in the period : The post Measurements: 03-03-2013 until 07-03-2013. The Post measurements Applying the strategy of the of the two groups of research masterly learning: have been conducted in the The researcher has period from 21-04-2013 until applied the content of the 23-04-2013 in the standard strategy of the suggested level of performance of the mastery learning on the jumps in ballet at the same individuals of the experimental arrangements and conditions of group for (6) successive weeks, the Pre Measurements . at two educational units per RESULTS week, attachment (5). The Table (3) Significant differences between pre and post measurements at the level of performance of the jumps in ballet under discussion. N=10 Measurement Pre measurement Post measurement Variables T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation pas de chat Degree 1,10 0,69 8,60 0,57 29,42*

Changement Degree 1,00 0,62 8,50 0,51 28,77* de pieds Value of Tabulate" T "at the level of 0,05 =2,262 it is significant at the level of 0,05* Based on Table (3) statistically significant at the there have been differences level of 0.05 between the post

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and pre measurements of the Changement de pieds) in the experimental group at the level ballet in favor of the post of the performance of some measurement . jumps (pas de chat - Table (4) Significant differences between pre and post measurements for control group in the level of performance in ballet jumps under discussion . N=10 Measurement Variables Pre measurement Post measurement T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation pas de chat Degree 1,00 0,55 7,40 0,50 21,38*

Changement Degree 0,95 0,51 7,80 0,52 24,91* de pieds The value of the tabulated"T" at the level of 0,05=2,262 it is significant at the level of 0,05* It is seen from the table level of performance of ballet (4) that there have been jumps and the subject of Significant differences between discussion is in favor of the the two measurements pre and post measurement post of the control group in the . Table (5) Significant differences between pre and post measurements for the control group in the level of performance in ballet jumps under discussion. Measurement Variables Pre measurement Post measurement T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation pas de chat Degree 8,60 0,57 7,40 0,50 4,74* Changement Degree 8,50 0,51 7,70 0,52 3,29* de pieds The value of tabulated" T "at the level 0,05=2,101 *significance at level 0,05

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It is clear from table experimental and the control, (5) that the existence of in the level of the performance statistically significant of some jumps in the ballet difference at the level of 0.05 under discussion. is in favor of between the two measurements the experimental group. for the two groups, the Table (6) The percentages of the improvement of the pre measurement for the two groups, experimental and control at the level of performing the jumps in Ballet under discussion . Variables Measurement Pre measurement Post measurement T.test unit Mean Std.deviation Mean Std.deviation pas de chat degree 1,10 8,60 7,40 0,50 4,74* Changement degree 8,50 0,51 7,70 0,52 3,29* de pieds Table (6) shows the existence of the jump of–pas de chat – of the percentages of (640.00%) for the control improvement for the post on group. the pre measurements at the Discussion level of some jumps in ballet Table (3) the researcher under discussion, where the attributes that the improvement percentages have been at the in the level of performance in highest level of jumping some jumps (pas de chat - changement de pieds Changement de pieds) in (750.00%) and the lowest ballet of the experimental improvement percent of the group has been as a result of pas de chat – is (681.82 %) for the effectiveness of the mastery the experimental group. learning strategy, which While the highest improvement includes several modern percentage of jumping– educational alternatives based changement de pieds – is on the learning technology. (710.53%) and the lowest This have led to the percentage of the improvement astonishment of the learner by

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 341 the display of the jumps using motion skills in team and a computer, in addition to the individual sports. successive pictures through And by which, The slides of high technology, validity of the first hypothesis which indeed had great effect is verified There have been in learning the jumps faster . . Statistically significant As well as correction of the differences between the technical errors, and no averages of the pre and post commitment with restricted measurements of the time of learning , as each experimental group at the level student must take sufficient of the performance of some time in learning and presenting jumps, (pas de chat – the feedback. The student changement de pieds) in ballet would only transfer into the in favor of post measurement. following step after mastering Table(4)the researcher has seen 80% of the educational content that this improvement of the , the learner is not transformed level of performance of the into the next units unless she jumps (subject of study) in masters the jump by 80%. This ballet for the individuals of the result agrees with the results of control group " learning by the study of : "Martinez & order " has been due to the Joseph", (1999) "Jorman,et, positive role of the teacher in al", (2004) "Mustafa Mohamed the method of learning by Nasr", (2007) "Abdelhaleem order, which depends on Hafez Yaseen", (2012)" displaying an example of the Mohamed Fadel Mosleh", practical jump by the teacher, (2012) on the effectiveness of or by a student on a high level the use of mastery learning of technical performance. In strategy and what it includes addition to correcting technical as the educational alternatives, mistakes once seen and ( teacher-computer-educational continuous evaluation during videos-slides-) in learning and and after the performance, mastering the performance of under discussion.

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And by which, the validity of learner that understands and the second hypothesis is masters in the following stage verified There have been by using another educational Statistically significant alternative through presenting differences between the the fixed photographs through averages of the pre and post slides . measurements of the control This is also different from the group at the level of the learner that doesn’t master performance of some jumps , through the previous two (pas de chat – changement de stages, where there is a pieds) in ballet in favor of the presentation of the third post measuremen . alternative which is to display Table(5)the researcher gives the jumps by the computer , in credit of this improvement of addition to her knowledge of individuals of experimental the educational steps of the group to the multitude of the jumps under discussions until feedback resources through the learner could reach after displaying several educational these 3 stages the mastering or alternatives (teacher-the being able to perfom the watched movable photographs jumps. This result agrees with by a computer – the fixed what has been indicated by" photograph by the slides). As Mohamed Mahmud Alheila", well as, taking into account (2001) with the importance of individual differences between the method needed to be learnt the learners. Since the learner and applied to the educational who could reach the mastering field where it aims at or being able to through the mastering the information and verbal explanation and giving the data required to be learnt, the model , then giving her the by not specifying a specific sufficient time in training and time for learning . Each learner learning with correction of takes the sufficient time for errors and presenting the him /her in learning and his feedback , is different in her understanding of the comprehension from the educational material through

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 343 presenting several educational He shows to the learner that alternatives functioning to these tasks have to be mastered instill the educational material in accordance with his self- required to be learnt in the speed, capabilities and mind of the learner. readiness. The suggested Table(6)the researcher has seen educational alternatives in the that the members of the strategy of the masterly experimental group have been education should be clarified superior over the control group so that the learner can select in the improvement the suitable alternative. percentages of the post over (121:1). the pre measurements in the And by which, the validity of level of performing the jumps , the third hypothesis is ( under discussion ) in ballet verified There have been have referred to the Statistically significant effectiveness of using the differences between the masterly educational strategy averages of the pre and post as one of the modern teaching measurements of the control methods , which gives an group and the experimental at effective role to the learner in the level of the performance of the attained movements, in some jumps, (pas de chat, – comparison with learning by changement de pieds)in ballet order, which leads to a passive in favor of the experimental learner who relies greatly on group. the teacher in learning the Conclusions: jumps under discussion . 1-The strategy of the masterly In this field, "Abdel Azeem education (the experimental Alferjany", (1998) indicates group ) has led to the learning that the strategy of masterly and mastering some of the learning is where the jumps (pas de chat) development of the curriculum ( changement de pieds) in in the form of connected ballet. successive educational tasks 2- The “learning by order” ,from easy to difficult. (control group) has led to the

Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 344 learning and mastering some and mastering the jumps ( the jumps (pas de chat – cat's jump –pas de chat -the changement de pieds) in ballet. replacement of the legs – 3-There have been significant changement de pieds) in ballet differences between the for the students of the faculty averages of the two post of physician the university of measurements for the Menofia . experimental and control 2-Producing several groups in the level of educational alternatives (CD – performance of some jumps Educational video-electronic (pas de chat-) and (changement handbook-slides) for learning de pieds) in ballet . In favor of and mastering the skills of the experimental group. ballet . 4-Using the technological 3- Emphasizing the educational alternatives encouragement of the teaching (teacher-computer-slides) had board on using the modern helped the experimental group technological techniques in in recognizing the sides of teaching the curriculum of the strength and weakness in the kinetic expression for the dance performance, which has students of the physical contributed in the learning and education and that’s to avoid mastering of the jumps (pas de the negative sides of the chat-) (changement de pieds) in traditional method in teaching. ballet. 4-Implementing more 5-Superiority of experimental experimental research by group over the control group in using the masterly learning improvment percentages of the strategy and comparing it with post over the pre measurements the other teaching methods . As in the level of performance of well as selecting the suitable some jumps in ballet, under method of it in order to reach discussion. the degree of mastering of the Recommendations : different sides ( theoretical and 1-Using the strategy of the applied) in the dance masterly education for learning

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