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Cardinal Lavigerie Anthology Society of Missionaries of Africa - History Series n° 16 _________________________________________________ Cardinal Lavigerie Anthology Volume I (1857-1874) Collected texts presented by Jean-Claude Ceillier, MAfr. Translated by Donald MacLeod, MAfr. Rome 2016 Picture of Mgr Lavigerie, in Algiers (1869) Tip.: Instituto Salesiano Pie XI,Via Umbertide, 11, 00180 Roma Tel. 06.78.27.819 - E-mail: [email protected] Finito di stampare: septembre 2015 2 Préface An African proverb says, “You may not need an old man’s stick, but you cannot ignore his word.” In the Book of Sirach, the author advises his readers in similar terms: “Reject not the tradition of old men which they have learned from their fathers; from them you will obtain the knowledge and how to answer in time of need” (Sir. 8, 9). In African tradition, the word of an elder, especially that of a father or mother, always indicates the right path to obtain genuine happiness. It could also point out a direction that could cause us temporary or permanent harm. Therefore, in African tradition we pay attention to what our elders tell us. We learn proverbs and we try to put them into practice long after the death of the elder. We remember them and pass them on from generation to generation because we know their value. Cardinal Charles Martial Lavigerie, founder of the Missionaries of Africa (1868) and the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa (1869) is the Father and wise man of our missionary family. His words, expressed in widely different contexts, remain valuable and a source of inspira - tion and guidance for our missionary vocation and activity as missio - nary disciples of Jesus and as inheritors of his charism. Our Founder welcomed the Word of God as the Good News in his life as a missionary priest and bishop and founder of the Missionaries of Africa and the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa. It was through listening to this Word that his passion for the African people and for the Gospel took shape as a gift received from God for the Universal Church. He was able to pass on this gift in many different ways according to the circumstances of his life, through his missiona - ry daughters and sons and through the Church of his time. This Word of God, which nourished our Founder, continues to speak to us today through the different circumstances of our lives. We welcome it as the Way, the Truth and the Life. We live it, first of all, ourselves and pro - pose it to our brothers and sisters to whom we are sent. The encounter of the Word of God and the word of our Father encourage and stimulate us on our journey as missionary disciples of 3 Jesus. The Lavigerian charism has inspired and continues to inspire young men and women from many continents. This collection of texts of our Founder and Father allows us to hear his voice in different contexts. We welcome them with joy and gratitude. Fr. Jean-Claude and the Historical Research group of the Society help us to appreciate the writings of the Cardinal Lavigerie and put them into context. We can see what lessons we can learn from our commitment as missionary disciples of Jesus and inheritors of a cha - rism for Africa and the world of today where we are sent or invited. A proverb says, “If we do not know where we are coming from, how will we know where we are going!” This anthology of four volu - mes links us with our founder and opens the way to the future with God in His Mission. In celebrating the 150 years since our birth as a Missionary Family at the heart of the Church, these texts help us to see how we can thank God for this gift that Cardinal Lavigerie left us. It will help us to live in the present with a Lavigerie like passion and to turn to the future with hope. This will demand of us an ever-increasing evangelical creativity and solidarity. As Fr. Ceillier tells us, the word of the Cardinal was often prophetic, missionary, and demanding deep commitment. It should be the same for us, his Missionaries (Sister, Brothers and Priests), our candidates (men and women) in training and friends, laypeople and associations who share our charism by collabo - rating with us in God’s Mission. Richard Kuuia Baawobr, M.Afr Superior General 4 Introduction An anthology is a collection of the most important, the most repre - sentative and the best known texts of a writer. Charles Lavigerie, Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage, Apostolic Delegate for the Sahara and the French Sudan and Cardinal of the Catholic Church, wrote all the texts in this book. He was born in 1825 in France; he carried out his ministry as bishop firstly in France, in Nancy. He was then Archbishop, Founder and Missionary in North Africa, from 1867 until his death in 1892. The texts in this anthology were not chosen for their particular litera - ry qualities, as could be done for a selection of poems, but because they all illustrate, directly or indirectly, the life of Archbishop Lavigerie in Algiers, and primarily as the Founder of the Institutes of the Missionaries of Africa and the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa. These documents are of different styles, they are spread over more than a quarter century in time; they also relate to quite varied cor - respondents and situations. Yet they all have a very close unity. They deal mostly with the mission, its demands and how Lavigerie would want the missionaries he called to his side to live it out. Lavigerie wrote a lot, but unlike other Founders of Congregations or spiritual teachers, did not write long treatises of spirituality or com - plete and systematic methods of apostolate. His charisma was diffe - rent: he took advantage of events and special situations to develop his ideas and deliver his vision of the mission, often while extending the reflection well beyond that required by the immediate question that he wanted to deal with. It is by reading his abundant and often well-developed correspon - dence, his lectures to Missionary Fathers and Sisters, and even more so from his Instructions written in specific situations that we can discover the extent of his ideas on the mission, on the apostolate, community life, prayer, etc. In a publication like this, the presentation of texts can be done main - ly in two ways: either by grouping them by topic or by presenting them 5 in chronological order. It is this latter choice that was used here. Indeed, this presentation enables a better tracking of the development of the institutions and the missions, and how so many new challenges gradually arose, whereby the Founder developed his ideas, stated the guidelines already implemented and prepared the missionaries for the new situations they would face. This volume, the first in a series of four, opens with a text from the teaching given by Lavigerie in 1857 at the Sorbonne and ends in 1874, the year of the first official recognition of the Society of Missionaries Africa. Texts are presented here in their entirety as much as possible. For some of them, however, long and repetitive developments as well as some long quotations have been omitted, which is then indicated in the text. Further explanation is needed to clarify the choice of texts. We find, in fact, some texts that do not concern Lavigerie’s projects and missio - nary foundations, but rather his commitment to the life of the Church of his time, or the pastoral leadership of his dioceses of Algiers or Tunis. This choice seemed particularly necessary to show the diversi - ty of his responsibilities, his gifts, and his commitments. These texts also reveal some aspects of the faith that inspired him and his prayer. All this is also our Founder, and entry into these texts allows us to bet - ter understand the man and his personality. To conclude this introduction, we must remember that many presen - tations of Lavigerie’s texts were published in the past by one or other of his Institutes or by other authors. Whether it was a real collection of texts, or the considerations of an author on the mission, illustrated by more or less brief quotations, these books have each made a contribu - tion. A list of the most important of them is to be found at the end of the booklet. However, many of these books are hard to find now, the choice of texts and the way they are presented can be out of date, and no recent edition is available. By publishing once again a selection of texts with introductions and notes, we simply wish to give easy access to the often-prophetic missionary and always deeply committed words of Cardinal Lavigerie. 6 1 - God is the light of the world (1856-1857) After his ordination in 1849 in the Archdiocese of Paris, the Archbishop of Paris sent Father Lavigerie for further studies. Gaining a double doctorate in French Literature and Theology, he became a lecturer in Church History at the Sorbonne. In his teaching, he took a clear stand against the trend of Jansenist thinking, a doctrine that had been very widespread in the Church in France in the seventeenth cen - tury and was still quite influential in the nineteenth. Jansenism embra - ces a pessimistic view of humanity and of salvation. It teaches an aus - tere spirituality shot through with fear, whereby humanity must ackno - wledge its great unworthiness before God in hope of reaching the mercy of the Redeemer.
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