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Bangladesh and Global Studies-V English Version

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Bangladesh and Global Studies-V English Version Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board 69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka - 1000 (All rights reserved by the publisher) Trial Edition First Edition: November, 2012 Co-ordinator Md. Mosle Uddin Sarkar Graphics Jahirul Islam Bhuiyan Shetu Design National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka To be distributed at free of cost by the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh under the Third Primary Education Development Program Printed by: M ousumi Of-set Press, 38 B anglabazar, Dhaka. Preface A child is a great wonder. There is no end to the thinking about his world of wonder. A child is a subject of contemplation for educationists, scientists, philosophers, child specialists, psychologists --- for all intellectuals. The fundamental principles of child education outlined in the National Education Policy 2010 have been defined in the light of these contemplations. The curriculum for primary education has been revised to develop a child on the potentials of his innate amazement, unbounded curiosity, endless joy and enthusiasm. Keeping in view the all round development of children's potentials, the aims and objectives of primary education were modified in the revised curriculum of 2011. Utmost considerations have been given to the total development of children in determining all aspects beginning from the terminal competencies of primary education to the subject wise terminal competencies, grade and subject based achievable competencies and finally to the learning outcomes. On this perspective each step of the curriculum has been carefully followed in the newly developed textbook. The society and environment of Bangladesh, tradition, culture, the history of liberation war, basic needs, children right, duties and responsibilities of children, sense of cooperation and compassion toward all walks of people of the society, attaining the qualities for becoming good citizens of the society, being respectful to the culture and occupation of others, proper use and maintenance of resources, social environment and disaster, population and human resources all these issues have been introduced in the book in the context of Bangladesh. Although revision of curriculum is a continuous process, bringing basic changes into the curriculum depends on some other matters as well. Especially teaching the learners a new topic is related to the acquiring knowledge on the topic by the teachers. Despite this challenge, issues like how children can manage unfavourable conditions or disasters have been introduced. Besides, a number of new topics have been included to create sense of acceptability and develop a sense of harmony in the minds of the children for the people of all walks of the society, professionals, rich-poor, and children with special ability. Keeping the security of the children in mind, relevant idea has been provided in this book so that awareness can be developed in the minds of the children in the respective issues. Exercises with planned activities along with colourful pictures have been designed in such a way so that through pleasure and without memorization children can grasp the topics very easily. It is noteworthy that the biography of the Father of the nation, the true history of the Liberation War and the related facts presented in the book comply with the constitution of the country. Constitution has been followed in the usage of the term 'ethnic minority' in this book. The improvement of curriculum is a constant process. The text books are composed on the basis of curriculum. It is worth mentioning that in 2009, Government of Bangladesh took a great step through the introduction of four colours in the text books which make the books more attractive and endurable helping the learners to be more keen, inquisitive and attentive. Consequently, this time too this text book has been published in a short time under the light of the revised curriculum using four colours/pictures along with improved papers. Special attention has been given to make the contents of the book, as far as possible, plain and lucid to our tender aged learners. Despite the relentless, careful efforts of the associated people, the book may not be completely error free. Therefore, for the further development and enhancement of the book, any constructive and rational advice will be taken into serious consideration. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to those who have facilitated at various steps of writing, editing, evaluating and publishing of this book. We will consider all our efforts successful if the children for whom this book has been prepared are benefited. Professor Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin Chairman National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka Contents Chapter Subject Page One Our Liberation War 1 Two Our Bangladesh: The British Rule 14 Three Historical Places and Monuments of Bangladesh 23 Four Economy of Bangladesh: Agriculture and Industry 34 Five Population of Bangladesh 48 Six Climate and Disaster 56 Seven Human Rights 65 Eight Our Duties and Responsibilities 71 Nine We All Are Equal 79 Ten Democratic Attitude 83 Eleven Gender Equality 88 Twelve Some Minor Races and their Cultures in Bangladesh 95 Thirteen Bangladesh and the Rest of the World 104 Chapter One Our Liberation War The great Liberation War in 1971 is a very glorious history for our nation. We have already learned about different movements and struggles that took place before the Liberation War. Among them some of the notable events are mentioned in the following chart: 1952 Language Movement. 1966 Six-Point Movement. 1969 Mass Upsurge. 1970 Awami League's overwhelming victory in general election. 25th March, 1971 Barbaric genocide by Pakistani armed forces. 26th March, 1971 Beginning of the great Liberation War by the declaration of Bangabandhu. Since the birth of Pakistan in 1947, the rulers of West Pakistan have ruled and exploited the people of the then East Pakistan for long 23 years. To get rid of the domination and exploitation, our Liberation War started on 26 March, 1971. The undisputed leader of this war was the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. After his call the Bengali nation got involved in war against the Pakistani regime. All Bengali men and women including farmers, laborers, students, teachers and the Bengali members of armed forces participated in this war. The nine months long war ended on 16th December, 1971 when the Pakistani Army surrendered at the Race Course ground and we achieved the final victory. Independent Bangladesh is emerged in the world's atlas. Formation of Mujibnagar Government Within few days after the war, on 10th April, 1971, Bangladesh's interim government was formed, known as Mujibnagar Government. This Bangladesh and Global Studies government took oath on 17th April on Meherpur district's Baidyanathtala village (current Mujibnagar Upazila) at a place named Aambagan. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Syed Nazrul Islam Tajuddin Ahmed Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was appointed as the president of this Government. But at that time he was being held captive at a jail in West Pakistan. In his absence, the vice-president Syed Nazrul Islam played the role of acting president. Tajuddin Ahmed became the Prime Minister. This government played very crucial role in conducting the Liberation War and creating public opinions and getting supports from both home and abroad. Since the formation of this government a large number of people participated in the armed war to liberate the country. 2 Our Liberation War Muktibahini (Freedom Fighters) To operate the Liberation War Mujibnagar government constituted Muktibahini on 11 July, 1971. Colonel Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani (later General) was appointed as the Commander- in-Chief and group captain A K Khondoker was appointed as the Deputy Chief of Muktibahini. Lt. Colonel Abdur Rob was made the Chief of Armed forces. For the operation of War of Liberation this time Bangladesh was divided into 11 sectors. The following map shows the 11 sectors of Bangladesh at a glance: General Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani Sector 1: Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts and up to Feni River. Sector 2: Noakhali, Comilla, Akhaura, Vairab and parts of Faridpur and Dhaka district. Sector 3: Akhaura, east of Vairab rail line to Comilla district, Habiganj, Kishoreganj and parts of Dhaka district. Sector 4: Eastern parts of Sylhet district, Khowai, Daoki road on eastern and northern sides of Shayestaganj rail line. Sector 5: Western parts of Sylhet, from Daoki road of Sylhet up to Sunamganj and borderline of greater Mymensingh. Sector 6: Entire Rangpur and Thakurgaon district excluding the riparian areas of Brahmaputra. Sector 7: Entire Rajshahi, Dinajpur excluding Thakurgaon, and entire Pabna and Bogra district excluding riparian areas of Brahmaputra. Sector 8: Entire Kushtia and Jessore districts, parts of Faridpur and from Daulatpur Satkhira road up to Khulna district. Sector 9: Entire southern regions of Khulna district including Satkhira Daulatpur road and greater Barisal and Patuakhali districts. Sector 10: Inland waterways and coastal sea regions, Chittagong and Chalna. Sector 11: Entire Mymensingh region except Sectors of Liberation war Kishoreganj. 3 Bangladesh and Global Studies There were some sub-sectors under these sectors. Apart from this the battlefield was also divided into three brigade forces. These were 'Z force', 'S force' and 'K force'. The commander of 'Z force' was Major Ziaur Rahman followed by Major K M Shafiullah of 'S force' and Major Khaled Mosharrof of 'K force'. Moreover Bangladesh Liberation Force (BLF) was formed nearly at the end of the war. Muktibahini was formed by combined participation of military and civil people. The regular liberation force consisted of the military officers and soldiers. They were called 'Muktifouz'. On the other hand the irregular force was formed with the representative of different strata of civil people. Some small battalions were also formed within the different regions of the country. Bongobir Kader Siddiki's "Kaderiya Bahini" and Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya's "Maya Bahini" are the most notable among them.
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