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Malaysian Defense Forces & Regional Security

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Malaysian Defense Forces & Regional Security ௐ 1 ഇ! ࢱ 117-47! 2019 ѐ/ߋ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 15 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 117-47 Spring 2019 馬來西亞國防武力與區域安全 ڒڌӓ έݑ̂ጯࣘЇӄநି଱ ၡ ࢋ ੺ֽҘֲ԰ଠ౫̱ϥঔदాତݑ઼̚ঔ۞઼ᅫঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢĂгቡ ბ̚Էႊࢋ֎Ă֭ჯ᜕ડાщБᄃ׶πĄҭۋጼர˯Ξͽдݑ઼̚ঔ ߏĂ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨યᗟ˯౵̂۞ᚨඕߏĶˠķ۞યᗟĂЯᑕᇃᔮ׶ࢲ ጡ྅౯Ăڠᐍໂ੼۞׹ᙝঔાĂһ˧ᓠऴ۞ঔă۩࢕׶ҁᖞăᇴณ͌۞ ព̙֖ĄѩγĂ࢕ฤ̪̚൒хд჌୉ઐ֍Ăјࣶ̚੺ֽˠᇴณځ˧ጼ ጡ྅౯൴ڠ੺ֽˠ۞ּͧརमໂ̂Ă࢕̚۞ˠ˧ྤ໚გந׶ܧᐹ๕ᄃ አ˘࡭Ăᇆᜩፋវጼ˧۞೩̿Ąםڱण׌۰ม۞Վአ൑ ă݈ซ֨᎔ܡăᑂ˧ڠᙯᔣෟĈݑ઼̚ঔăۢᙊ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 118 壹、前言 ˘ࠧ˯ࢦࢋঔ˯ጼர఼྽̝͵טݑֲĂܼଠڌ੺ֽҘֲĞMalaysiağҜ఍ ˾Ǖ ౫̱ϥঔदĞStrait of Malaccağ۞઼छĄፂ 2017 ѐ 7 ͡۞ҤࢍĂˠ ࡗ 31,381,992 ˠĂଵЩ͵ࠧௐ 41 ЩĞCentral Intelligence Agency, 2018ağć ,ᅳ˿ࢬ᎕ࡗ 329,847 π̳֧͞ĂଵЩ͵ࠧௐ 68 ЩĞCentral Intelligence Agency 2018bğĄѝдௐ˝ҌȈˬ͵ࡔഇมĂ̂ొЊ۞੺ֽΗफĞMalay peninsulağ ିޘĄȈα͵ࡔॡĂ๕˧ૻ̂۞ОטӮࠎҢି੺ֽˠ۞ Srivijaya ͳഈٙଠ Ͽܫ੺ֽΗफĂҭߏҋȈα͵ࡔ݈Ηཧ੓Ă੺ֽˠԼ˞טMajapahit ͳഈଠ ౫̱۞˭ڼĞMuslimğͳ̄௚ڒ೻ᜋିĞIslamğĂ҃ͷᐌ඾Ị̏͵ࡔ᎗೻ ϥĞMalaccağᎸ੓јࠎડાથຽ͕̚Ăаି๕˧͟ৈ೩̿ĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ ૲ֽ۞ಱ૷ͽ̈́ঔ˯ጼர఼྽۞ࢦࢋّĂޫрјࠎ̂ਝঔॡٽથຽ෶ ΃ለ߷ঔᝋ઼छ۞ᓺᏑ̝гĄ1511 ѐĂཬ෈ͰᚻฤԽҹ౫̱ϥĂТॡ෪ᇈ ݑֲгડᕖૺ۞ฟؕĄ1641 ѐఈᜋˠᜭు˞ҫᅳ౫̱ϥ۞ڌለ߷๕˧д˞ ੺ֽΗफҘΔ઎۞ᕠຼᑎĞIsland ofٺ଀Ҝפѐ 1786 ٺ˵ཬ෈ͰˠĂࡻ઼ ౫̱ϥĂͽүࠎ׎טPenangğĂ֭дఈᜋ۞ᐵధ˭ҋ 1795 Ҍ 1818 ѐᇶॡଠ ॡ̝ᅮĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ1824 ѐĂࡻ̙۞ޢεӀۋόдो৔૬ጼ˘ ܜ଀౫̱ϥ۞פඍᘷफĞIsland of Sumatrağүࠎ୧ІҋఈᜋϹೱܝͽᛂ઼ јࠎঔद׀ඈࡻ઼১ࠧгЪ؂ഇጾѣᝋĄ1826 ѐĂ౫̱ϥăᕠຼᑎ׶າΐ Ҍ 1945 ѐௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ 1941 זതϔгĞColony of the Straits SettlementsğĂۡ Ă੺ֽΗफЧг೼࿆ޢ΃Ąௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁפጼഇมజ͟ώҫᅳᄃ̂ ፾ϲຍᙊ͟ৈ੼ႚĂ1948 ѐඕЪј੺ֲֽᓑ֣ĞFederation of MalayağĂ۞ Тຍ˭ϒё፾ϲĄ1963 ѐĂ۞ع፾ϲĂ1957 ѐдࡻ઼തϔ߆פۋШࡻ઼ޢᐌ ăՒ౻෸ĞSarawakğ׶ Ւ ͐Ğ Sabahğඈࡻ઼തϔгΐˢ੺ֲֽᓑ֣Ă؂າΐ ,ĞGlobalSecurity઼ޙѐ௲ᗓᓑ֣፾ϲ 1965 ٺ݋؂ТॡԼЩࠎ੺ֽҘֲĂາΐ 2012ğĄ ăҘ׌ొЊĂ࠹ڌ੺ֽҘֲᅳ˿జݑ઼̚ঔĞSouth China Seağડ࿣ࠎ ૔ᘲ߷ĞBorneoğĂᄃОκ׶զ඿ĞBruneiğٺ੺ֽҘֲҜڌ࿣ࡗ 530 ̳֧Ą ᄃડાщБ 119˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ዐݑ઼̚ঔĂҘᑺ౫̱ϥঔदĂڌ׌઼࠹ዐĄҘΗొ݋ߏ੺ֽҘֲΗफĂ ࠹ዐĂΔᄃ঍઼ତᚓĞCentral؂ݑତߘҢঔदĞJohore Straitğͷᄃາΐ ҃ޘIntelligence Agency, 2018b; Global Security, 2017ağĄಶгቡጼர۞֎ Ϲ఼ࢋ྽Ă۞ֲڌͷ԰ଠݑ઼̚ঔݑბซ΍טăҘ׌ొЊᒟڌ֏Ă੺ֽҘֲ జݑٽϏਕ၁ኳೠ೪ঔᝋĂ݋ͅڍᄃঔ˯๕˧т˧ڠҭߏ੺ֽҘֲ۞઼֨ ੺ֽҘֲΗफᄃОκ̝ม۞ٺᑕĄ׎ѨĂҜײঔડ࿣׌఍Ăᙱͽ࠹઼̢̚ ۋ߶۞ࢦࢋጼர఼྽ĂШֽӈࠎһछυޘ౫̱ϥঔदܼซ΍ݑ઼̚ঔᄃО ѐ 1957 ٺഇࠎለ߷ঔᝋ઼छҫᅳĂ੺ֽҘֲܜгĂȈ̱Ҍ˟Ȉ͵ࡔഇม̝ ၁ኳֳѣгቡጼர̝ӀĞኛણ҂ဦ 1ğĄ̖ޢ઼ޙ፾ϲ͟ 31 ͡ 8 फ़ֽ໚ĈCentral Intelligence AgencyĞ2018bğĄྤ ဦ 1Ĉ੺ֽҘֲгநҜཉဦ ѐ 500 ܕ੺ֽΗफᔵ൒дгቡጼர˯԰ଠ౫̱ϥঔदጼர఼྽Ăҭߏ ྅ొฤԷڠĂѝഇ۞੺ֽˠ֭Ϗ൴णڼለ߷ঔᝋ઼छ۞തϔ௚זצഇܜֽ ፾ϲפۋഇజࡻ઼തϔഇม˵Ϗ൴Ϡޢ˯ႊгቡጼர˯۞᎕ໂ֎ҒĂГΐ јϲ੺˭ڼഇ̖дࡻ઼തϔ௚ܐࡔ͵ 20 ז྅኏ࡎĂЯѩۡڠᄃۋ፬ধԩ۞ Ϥ 25 Щѐᅅ੺ֽˠ௡ј۞੺ֽဥ̈ฤٺฤĄ1933 ѐ 3 ͡ 1 ͟Ăჹؕొֽ ྅ొฤᄃౙ࢕۞ᑿᖮĄ1938ڠĞMalay Regiment squadğјࠎன΃੺ֽҘֲ ѐ 1 ͡ 1 ͟Ă੺ֽဥ̈ฤ޺ᜈ൴णјࠎԆፋ۞੺ֽဥௐ 1 ᒉćௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 120 ጼᘕ൴݈۞ 1941 ѐ 12 ͡ 1 ͟Ă੺ֽဥᚶᜈјϲௐ 2 ᒉĄ఺׌࣎ᒉд၆ԩ͟ ,Ă၁ᅫणன˞үጼਕ˧ĞMalaysian Armed Forces Headquarters̚ۋጼܬώˢ ቙Вய͹ཌྷ̶̄࡭ዎפЯعĂࡻ઼തϔ߆ޢ2015bğĄௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁ ྅ొڠᕖ̂זצၗĂՀຏېοซˢღާކѐ 1948 ٺĂ֭ۋ྅੽ڠ࿃Вயᛨ ྅ొฤڠฤ۞ᅮࢋĂ1950 ѐ੺ֽဥ֝ిᕖ̂Ҍ 7 ࣎ᒉ۞һ˧ĄᄃѩТॡĂ ϲ˞˘͚к჌୉۞ᓑ֣ဥĞFederation RegimentğĂ1952 ѐ֭јϲᓑ֣྅ޙ Ăޢϥ֘̂ฤĞFederation Armoured Car SquadronğĄ1957 ѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ዋ༊൴णͷጾѣ·̶۞྅౯ેҖͅݔใүጼĂѩॡొฤ˵֝ిซҖזౙ࢕଀ ഇĂ1934 ѐ 4 ͡ 27 ͟ღܐன΃̼ͽഇЯᑕϏֽ۞߄ጼĄ׎ѨĂ༊ౙ࢕൴ण јϲঔ࢕ঔदԠᙸ࿰౯ొฤĞNaval Straits Volunteer Reserve؂ତ඾дາΐ ForceğĂ఺ߏ੺ֽҘֲ࠱छঔ࢕۞ቡ੓Ă1938 ѐᐌӈдᕠຼᑎᕖበ֭ԼЩ ࠎ੺ֲֽ࠱छঔ࢕ԠᙸొฤĞMalaya Royal Naval Volunteer ForceğĄௐ˟Ѩ ࠧ̂ጼॡĂࡻ઼࠱छঔ࢕۞੺ֽొฤ̏གྷјԛĂ1941 ѐ఺͚ొฤ۞һ˧྿͵ జ͟࢕ԽҫĂ150 Щ੺ֲֽঔ࢕ၣੜҌᐁ؂ˠĄ1942 ѐĂᐌ඾າΐ 1,430 ז а੺ֲֽĄ1947 ѐ 4 ͡ĂܔඕՁ̖ۋጼז߷Ăۡܧొڌ׶ޘᜋĞ CeylonğăО Ă1949 ѐޢྋበĂ1948 ѐᘕ൴ВயᛨજใП֖̙፟ܛЯྤޘ˘੺ֲֽঔ࢕ ٺೇበĂ1952 ѐϤࡻ઼̃ͳ଱̟੺ֲֽ࠱छঔ࢕۞ᐝᅟĂ֭˫̖͟ 4 ͡ 3 Ăঔޢ੺ֲֽᓑ֣Ą1963 ѐ੺ֽҘֲؠЩޙᕩ؂ѐ 7 ͡ 12 ͟Ϥາΐ 1958 ࢕ϒёჍࠎ੺ֽҘֲ࠱छঔ࢕ĞRoyal Malaysian Navy, RMNğĞMalaysian ౙ࢕ᄃঔ࢕Ă۩࢕јϲྵ୎ĄٺArmed Forces Headquarters, 2015bğĄ࠹၆ ,͹ጱ˭јϲঔदԠᙸ۩࢕ĞStraits Air Force VolunteersعѐϤࡻ઼തϔ߆ 1936 SSVAFğĂ1940 ѐԼჍ੺ֲֽ۩࢕࿰౯ొฤĞAir Force Reserve MalayağĂ ྋበĄ1950 ѐೇበјࠎ੺ֲֽ࠱छ۩࢕ĞRoyal Malayanޢௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁ ᑕֽזѐҡᐌ඾ᗕ͔ᑜࢳ፟۞ 1958 ٺAir ForceğĂ҃ϒё۞੺ֲֽ۩࢕݋ ,ϲ੺ֲֽ࠱छ۩࢕ĞMalaysian Armed Forces HeadquartersޙϠĂ֭ϒё҃ྻ 2015bğĄ ϲĂ҃ޙഇ͹ጱ˭ٙܜع྅ొฤܼࡻ઼തϔ߆ڠტ˯ٙࢗĂ੺ֽҘֲ ߶ޘ౫̱ϥঔद԰ଠОٺ੺ֽΗफܼૄڼࡻ઼ᄃ׎ιለ߷ঔᝋ઼छതϔ௚ ᄃݑ઼̚ঔ̝มঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢĞSea Lane of Communications, SLOCsğ۞гቡ ᄃડાщБ 121˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ঔ˯ጼ۞ٽมથຽ෶ֲ̝ڌጼரӀৈĂೠଠ˞౫̱ϥঔदӈೠଠ˞ለ߷ᄃ ഇതϔ੺ֽΗफĂТॡԬങ༊ܜர఼྽ĂЯѩࡻ઼ҋȈˣҌ˟Ȉ͵ࡔ่̙ ྅˧ณͽ၁ኳೠ೪гቡጼரӀৈĄ઼࡚ঔ࢕૟ᅳ Alfred Thayer Mahanڠг Ğ1840-1914ğд׎ 1890 ѐ۞඾үĮঔᝋ၆።Ϋ۞ᇆᜩĈ1660-1783įĞThe Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783ğ˘३̚അ೩̈́ঔ߶۞͹ࢋ ֽ˾ঔᝋͽ̈́ጾѣ֖ૉ۞થ௺ᄃപטਝቢਕ૲ֽ̂ณથຽӀৈĂυืቁܲ Ӏϡѩ˘ӀৈĄMahanĞ2010: 26ğТॡ೩΍ 6 ีЯ৵၆ঔᝋ۞ᇆᜩĂࢵࢋ δҜཉ۞̚اЯ৵ӈૻአгநҜཉ۞ࢦࢋّĂMahan ᄮࠎ౵நຐ۞Ҝཉߏ ఼྽˯Ăѣ։р۞പ˾׶ঔ࢕ૄгĄͽ੺ֽҘֲٽ͹ࢋ۞෶ܕफᑎĂ֭ያ гநҜཉ҃֏Ă੺ֽΗफ̈́׎ዐତ۞फᑎޫрԛј౫̱ϥঔद۞̰г۞ ѩгڼĞGlobal Security, 2012ğĂȈ̱ҌȈˣ͵ࡔഇมለ߷ঔᝋ઼छതϔ௚ ˘ӈೠଠ˞ѩٽĂЯѩᅅ˧ڠ˯నĂΐ˯ጾѣૻ̂۞ঔޙѣࢍ൪۞၁߉֭ ٚତ˞ѣӀ۞гቡጼரҜཉͽ̈́జޢঔ˯ጼர఼྽Ą1957 ѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ྅ొฤࢬᓜ۞ߏҽጼඕڠ྅˧ณĂҭߏϫ݈੺ֽҘֲڠϲ۞ޙതϔഇมٙ Ă఺ۋ਎۞щБᒖဩĂ҃ͷυืࢬ၆྘ᙍкត۞ݑ઼̚ঔ৾ރ௚็ܧޢՁ ࢕౯ጼддӮᄃડાщБिि࠹ᙯĄώ͛ӈଂгޙ྅ొฤ۞ૻऴ׶ڠ͚˘ Ϗֽ൴˧ڠଣ੅੺ֽҘֲщБᒖဩă઼֨Їચᄃ௡ᖐă઼֨ޘቡጼர۞֎ ᄃડાщБଐ˧ڠण̈́׎ᄃડાщБ۞ᙯܼඈᛉᗟĂഇ၆੺ֽҘֲ۞઼֨ ๕ѣՀஎ˘ᆸ۞ᄮᙊĄ 貳、馬來西亞安全環境 ă؂Ăዐ઼Оκ̙֭ሄ֍ࣧᛳࡻ઼തϔг۞າΐޢѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ 1957 ဦĂЯѩҋ 1963 ѐ੓၆఺࣎າ઼ۍৼˢ੺ֽҘֲ۞ޢՒ౻෸׶Ւ͐ඈгᐌ ѐОκ Bung 1966 זăγϹ׶࢕ְ۞၆ԩĂۡڼछซҖ˘ాҚ۞གྷᑻă߆ Sukarno ᓁ௚జଯᖙޢ̖ඕՁĞGlobal Security, 2012ğĄ̰ొރ਎͞ࢬĂҜ ᘪࢎ׶πعĂ֞ 1989 ѐ̖ᄃ੺ֽҘֲ߆ܬ঍઼ݑొᙝဩ۞ഫᑝฤགྷ૱ˢٺ ᛉĄѩγĂ1960 ѐ΃̚ഇ੓дՒ౻෸ᘕ൴۞̈ఢሀВய͹ཌྷ̶̄જใĂם Ә˘߱རĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ̖ޢᛉםؼᜈҌ 1990 ѐᘪࢎ׶π˵ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 122 ˘ăγొщБᒖဩ ĂщБયᗟ۞ࢦ͕ߏڡ̶۞ି؟ঐੵ჌୉׶ٺڦഇ૞ܐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ छ൴णᄃ჌୉ᙯܼ۞ԼචĄҭߏᄃѩТॡĂҽጼ၆ϲ۞઼࡚ᄃ݈ᛂᓑ׌઼ ਎Ăឰ੺ֽҘֲ̙଀̙Ᏼፄރૻͽֽ̈́ҋ઼̚׶͟႙ᕖૺ۞ડાВய͹ཌྷ ࡻ઼ᘪࢎ۞ĺࡻع਎ Ǖ 1957 ѐᄃ݈തϔ߆ރᄃҘ͞ૻᝋඕ༖ͽ֨ቑγֽ۞ ؠĻĞAnglo-Malayan Defense Arrangement, AMDAğӈםᄃ੺ֽҘֲ֨኎઼ ݑֲгડᐌ඾ڌព۞ּ̄ĞAbdullah, 2010: 3-4ğĄ1960 Ҍ 1970 ѐ΃Ăځߏ ރݑ෸ϔ͹߆ᝋ۞਽ୀͽ઼̈́̚Вய͹ཌྷᇆᜩ˧۞ᕖ̂Ăឰ੺ֽҘֲஎຏ ચפડાᝋ˧ඕၹ̏གྷԼតͷώ֗ਕ˧ѣࢨĂЯѩଳז਎Ą੺ֽҘֲᄮۢ ඈ઼ᘪࢎḷ઼́֨؂ѐᄃ፫̂Ӏֲăࡻ઼ă৸Ҙᜋ׶າΐ 1971 ٺڱ၁۞ү ΃݈ࢗ۞IJࡻ઼ᄃ੺פؠĻĞFive Power Defense Arrangement, FPDAğĂם኎ ؠĻԛјડા࢕ְם਎Ąḷ઼́֨኎ރؠijĂͽЯᑕγొщБםҘֲ֨኎ֽ ؠ൑םᄼ׌઼۞ႷᇋĂ׌઼ᄮࠎྍޠĂᐌӈ͔੓׹ᙝ઼छОκ׶හޢᓑ༖ തϔॡ΃ጼரĄОκࠤҌᄮࠎ఺ีޢ׎гҜ۞ޙડાࢦזႷߏҘ͞ૻᝋа ؠᄃௐˬ͵઼ࠧछ̙ඕ༖ྻજĞNon-Align Movement, NAMğ۞ጼர̙֭ם ڼᛉӮ૟ؼᏵОκᄃ੺ֽҘֲϏֽ߆םؠ̝˭۞щБם௑ЪĂ҃ͷд఺ี ˢ੺ֽҘֲ֭׀ăՒ౻෸׶Ւ͐ඈ؂ඕ༖۞Ξਕ൴णĄ͍׎Ă1963 ѐາΐ ᄼᄮޠ੺ֽҘֲଐඕĄОκ׶හͅ۞ޢĂ˵ΐஎ˞Оκ͟צࠎዐ઼ٙତ̙ ࠎ˯ࢗ൴णߏҘ͞ૻᝋ઼࡚ᄃࡻ઼Ћဦऴ̼׶৔ᗼડાᝋ˧̶੨۞˘ี߆ ၆ԩ߆ඉͽ̈́޺ᜈ׌ѐפОκ Sukarno ߆ᝋӈ၆੺ֽҘֲଳޢᑚĂѩྼڼ Sukarno జଯᖙĄ ז࢕ְҖજĞAbdullah, 2010: 4-5ğĂۡ۞ ੺ֽҘֲ۞γొщБ߄ጼੵ˞˯ࢗඕၹّ۞Я৵̝γĂᄃ׹ᙝ઼छ۞ ็ܧ˭ᅳ˿׶ঔ˯۬৾ă໚ҋዐ઼̰ొ኏ࡎٙጱ࡭۞ా૲ड़ᑕͽ̈́Б஧̼ ਎ĄࢵАĂՒ͐γঔ۞੺ֽҘֲ૞ᛳރ௚ᛉᗟ۞߄ጼĂддౌԛјሕд۞ ᛉ౵ᐛۋ˯གྷᑻડĞExclusive Economic Zone, EEZğߏ઼̚ᄃ੺ֽҘֲঔ ࢕ঔ࢕ᚻ௺ೀͼٸ௚ࢍĂҋ 2011 ѐͽ઼ֽ̚ྋ͞ءᓄ̝఍Ăॲፂ੺ֽҘֲ ˢ੺ֽҘֲঔા˘ѨĂ઼̚Ⴂ௺˵д઼̚ঔᛋԊĞChinese CoastܬՏѐ ѐܕGuard, CCGğᚻ௺۞ҡ᜕˭෸ࠧ߿જĂ၆ঔ˯ᅳ˿ԛјགྷ૱ّ۞߄ጼĄ ᄃડાщБ 123˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ԊĞMalaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, MMEAğڱે˯Ă੺ֽҘֲঔֽ :ѣࢨĞNoor, 2017ڍ׶࠱छঔ࢕ᆧΐ˞ࡗ 30% ۞ঔ˯֟ទᐛதĂ̙࿅Ă̪൒ड़ Օ۞פბٙଳۋ၆ݑ઼̚ঔـ̏ͅ˘Ă੺ֽҘֲܬ64ğĄࢬ၆઼̚ᐛᓄ۞ˢ ײ੺ֽҘֲঔા۞Җࠎ̳ฟ෦ኜ̂ிಫវĂТॡܬᐵγϹ߆ඉĂ૟઼̚ˢ ࢕ְ̼Ąᔵ൒тѩĂ੺ܧࢬ၆ݑ઼̚ঔள૱۞൴णᑕܲᙋྍঔા۞઼̚៰ ޢડા۞ᘦؠͽ̈́ˠϔ۞щБĂ౵ٺᆶຕෞҤώ֗۞၁˧ͷૄعҘֲ߆ֽ םݑ઼ֲछڌᙸຍͽ઼̈ۡତᄃ઼̂൴Ϡ኏ࡎĂ҃ͅд઼࡚ă઼̚׶̙֭ ົĞAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEANğ̝มԶ኏ፒܾĞNoor, 64-67ğĂԓ୕ᖣѩπᏊЧ઼дડા۞Ӏৈͽ̈́ჯ޺ડા۞ᘦؠĄ :2017 ੺ڌ਎ĂТॡ˵ࢬᓜރ׎ѨĂ੺ֽҘֲੵ˞ᖰຕ఍நঔ˯ᅳ˿۞щБ Оκ૔ᘲ߷ΔٺĄдгቡҜཉ˯ĂՒ͐ҜܬҘֲΔొՒ͐гડ۞γֽˢֽ ࿣۞੺ֽܡᄼݑბफᑎĂᅈдࡗ 530 ̳֧γజݑ઼̚ঔޠහܕତ૱ܧͷొ ਑ऴĂӈֹ૱ܧቢثࡗ 1,400 ̳֧۞ঔܜం̈́Ă࡭ֹՒ͐ܜᗛعҘֲ̚δ߆ ౼֨Ąҋ 2013 ѐ 2 ͡ͽֽĂᛂ༯ᛂ̙֨˵ܬࢬ၆̈ఢሀ۞γֽᇲ၆๕˧ˢ ڠĞSultanate of Suluğ۞ᛂ༯࠱छొฤĞRoyal Sulu Forceğࡗ 200 Щ઼̜ ᛋᛇĂͽ֨ቑᙷҬְІГѨޘჯ޺੼عĂ੺ֽҘֲ߆ޢՒ̝͐ܬ྅ˠࣶˢ ݑֲгડ۞Ͽ೻ᜋିऻٍ௡ᖐ Abu Sayyafڌ൴ϠĞNoor, 2017: 63ğĄҭߏĂ ਎ĂރซҖཆߛϚཋҖࠎĄ੺ֽҘֲࠎ˞࿄ͤ˯ࢗщБ֭ܬјࣶݒགྷ૱ˢ Ւ͐щБડĞEastern Sabah Security Zone, ESSZONEğĂڌѐ 3 ͡পҾనϲ 2013 ڌ఍நщБְІٙౄј۞〜ᅩĂΩγјϲܝొྭعТॡࠎ˞ᔖҺᇴȈѐֽ߆ Ւ͐щБ޽೭ొĞEastern Sabah Security Command, ESSCOMğĂͽ௚˘ְᝋ ͽ̈́੺ֽҘֲ࠱छᛋ၅ĞRoyal Malaysia Police, RMPğăܝЧొعአ߆םତۡ ொϔăऻٍ͹ཌྷ׶׎ιϚཋ௡ᖐڱܧĂ఍ந֕ռăܝԊ׶ொϔొڱે˯ঔ ඈ࠹ᙯщБְІĞNoor, 2017: 63-64ğĄ ொϔӵᗔ඾ऻٍЊڱܧѩγĂдБ஧̼঎ሗ˭Ă੺ֽҘֲࢬᓜ˞̂ณ ྅ຬӃ׶ૻᇷඈ௡ᖐϚཋҖࠎڠ਎Β߁ރ਎Ă఺ֱщБރٙౄј۞щБ̄ گ˘ഇҌ 1980 ѐ΃ϐĂௐܐĞAbdullah, 2010: 15ğĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂ1970 ѐ΃ ޢᏉП̝፟ܛҋОκ۞ொϔ̍ˠ̏གྷౄј੺ֽҘֲ۞ӧᕘĂ1997 ѐֲ߷ֽ ТᇹֽҋОκ۞ொϔሗĂՀౄј੺ֽҘֲໂ̂۞щБᜪᇋĄ఺ֱགྷᑻّ۞ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 124 ொϔԓ୕д੺ֽҘֲವՐྵָ۞Ϡ߿ᒖဩĂҭߏ၆੺ֽҘֲ҃֏̏གྷڱܧ ధΞ۞гડĂࠤҌعҝдϏགྷ߆اౄјۤົăགྷᑻયᗟĄ͍׎Ăொϔ̍ˠ гĞAbdullah, 2010: 15-16ğĂ̏൒اϲОκˠ۞ჸޙг˿عૻҖ୻ੵ߆ڱܧ ਎Ąރԛј઼छщБ۞ሕд ˟ă̰ొщБᒖဩ ᙯܼâۡͽֽӈߏ۞ڼ੺ֽҘֲЯгቡҜཉ׶അజҘ઼͞छതϔ௚ छĂ఺׌࣎ன෪˵јࠎ઼छ̰ొщБ۞ՙؠّЯ઼۞ି؟࣎к჌୉ᄃк˘ ม۞ᙯܼ̙֭׶ᏘĂࠤҌ΍னᇷ˧኏ࡎП઼̈́छ̰ొ̝ି؟৵Ă׎̚к̮ ҌҽጼඕՁഇมĂੵ˞ࢬ၆̰ొ੺ֽҘֲВயᛨޢщБĄ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ဥି؟ĞCommunist Party of Malaya, CPMğ۞જใ̝γĂТॡགྷ።˘ాҚ វ۞࢕ְ̼ԽᑝĂ͍׎ Kumpulan 4 SahabatăAhmad Nasir b. Ismail Group ׶ щБనعϲಞ̙ТĂདྷຍԽᑝˠϔ׶߆عTabrani ඈ௡ᖐ૱Яିཌྷͽ̈́ᄃ߆ ߉Ăјࠎᚑࢦ۞̰ొщБᜪᇋĄ1980 ѐĂAhmad Nasir b. Ismail Group അԽ ˧ώିཌྷࠁᇷૄି؟ᑝᛋ၅፟ᙯౄјкˠ๋˸ĞAbdullah, 2010: 10ğĂѩᙷ Խᑝ၆ۤົ۞Пचೀͼᄃऻٍ͹ཌྷ൑ளĄ ڡ਎Я৵Ăк჌୉ጱ࡭۞ۤົ̶ރ੺ֽҘֲ̰ొщБᒖဩੵ˞˯ࢗ۞ ᇆᜩ઼छᘦؠᄃ൴णĄ੺ֽҘֲ͹ࢋ۞ˬ࣎჌୉̶Ҿߏ੺ֽˠăරˠ׶˵ ۡ˘ăିֈă̼͛Ӯ̙࠹ТĂି؟ˠĂЧ჌୉̝มϠ߿ݭၗăᄬ֏ăޘО ֏Ă҃ڶԛјኑᗔ۞ன෪Ăͽ੺ֽҘֲ۞ଐــͽֽౌᙱͽፋЪĄ჌୉পّ ăˠϔ̶֗׶གྷᑻඈĂགྷ૱јࠎି؟჌୉ЧளĂЯѩᄬ֏ă̼͛ăٺϤొ̰ π̙זצፆԘ۞ᛉᗟĄᇆᜩٙ̈́ĂЧ჌୉ࠎ˞ᔖҺۏˠڼѣপؠϫ۞̝߆ ЧҋӀৈ۞ଐԛ˭͔੓჌୉̝ม۞ღૺᙯܼĄ჌୉̝פۋ࿃Ăགྷ૱дޞඈ ௚۞઼छщБᛉᗟĂ఺჌щБᛉᗟԆБߏ็ٺมღૺᙯܼ۞щБᛉᗟ̙֭Т ,ϤЧ჌୉̝ม̙πඈᄃ̙႕֖۞ะវᄮТٙԛјĞShamsuddin & Ridzuan 137ğĂ̙҃πඈᄃ̙႕֖۞࠹၆ࣤဳຏ͔ٙ੓۞჌୉኏ࡎΞͽᕩৼࠎ :2015 ăۤົགྷᑻ׶̼͛ඈЯ৵ٙጱ࡭ĞBrown, 1997: 5ğĂஎˢ̶ڼछඕၹă߆઼ ఺ֱࢬШ̙ᙱ˞ྋ჌୉̝มயϠ࿣ᅣࠤҌ኏ࡎߏᙱͽᔖҺ۞ன෪Ąд઼ژ छඕၹ͞ࢬĂ͹ࢋߏ჌୉۞гநᒖဩડ࿣׶਑ऴ۞઼छඕၹֹ൒ĂЯࠎ̙ ᄃડાщБ 125˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ๬ౄ጖ჸ˧Ăߏ჌୉ڱπӮ۞჌୉׶ˠ˾̶੨ጱ࡭჌୉̝มЪүӧᙱͷ൑ ॡഇĂࡻ઼ૻҖ૟തϔгপؠ჌୉ڼ኏ࡎ౵ॲώ۞Я৵Ąѝдࡻ઼തϔ௚ ਆડ่ᅮࢋ̂ณ۳វ౻ྺٺщཉд̙Т۞གྷᑻડાĂּт੺ֽˠ఼૱ߏҜ ˠޘОٺ׶થຽડĂҌٽᅮֶᏥ੼ԫఙ۞෶ٺ׶Ҳԫఙ۞ྺˠĂරˠҜ˧ ຽ̍ү۰Ą఺ᇹ۞჌୉ડા̶੨ౄј჌୉̝มྺ۞ڵ݋ߏଂְ፛ቱ׶ഊᘌ ߏ༊රˠ̙ᕝವՐᕖ̂થ፟ᆧΐੑಱ۞ڍពͷ̙πᏊ۞ٙ଀རमĂ׎ඕځ ,ళ቎۞ۤົĞShamsuddin & RidzuanٺˠݒֶᖞϠ߿ޘТॡĂ੺ֽˠ׶О ੽۞࿅ۋ࿃ĂޞĂЧ჌୉ࠎ˞ग़኎ώ֗۞ᝋӀ׶πඈـѩͽܜ137ğĄ :2015 ѩ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄك˞඀̙̚Һ৔ᗼ ˠЧҋѣϓᄬ׶ٙᛳ۞ጯ७វրĂ఺ֱЯޘ׎ѨĂ੺ֽˠăරˠ׶О ৵˫ΐஎጯϠ۞࿣ᅣĄ઼ϲጯ७ֹϡ੺ֽᄬүࠎିጯ۞ᄬ֏Ăҭߏරˠ׶ Т჌୉ጯϠ۞̢̙˞טֈĂЯѩࢨିצˠ݋ซˢώ֗ϓᄬ۞ጯ७ତޘО Ăિ޺ܲѣරᄬ׶ώ֗۞ޢȈ˝͵ࡔொϔҌ੺ֲֽгડٺજĄ͍׎Ăරˠ ̼͛ĂТॡޙϲරᄬጯ७Ąරˠᄮࠎරᄬጯ७઼ͧϲጯ७ՀਕܲᅪጯϠд ᘣ˞჌୉ᙯܼ۞։ّ൴णĄ̙Т۞ܡ˵ҋ൒ޘטጯఙ˯۞ᐹ෸ّĂ఺ᇹ۞ ,ᄬ֏׶̙Т۞ିֈវրĂ௣૟၆׎΁჌୉யϠઐ֍ĞShamsuddin & Ridzuan 2015: 137-38ğĂ༊ઐ֍͟ৈΐஎҋ൒யϠ኏ࡎĄ ؠĺିטѐ 1961 ٺࢵАع੫၆ͽ˯Еࢗ۞Чี኏ࡎЯ৵Ă੺ֽҘֲ߆ ĻĞEducation ActğĂўдፋЪ̙Т჌୉ጯϠĂֹ׎ϏֽਕܳซՀᏉࠀ׶ڱֈ ჌୉׶ܧซՎ۞ۤົĄҭߏາ۞઼छିֈ߆ඉݒЯ̰ट̙׹ؼͽ̈́ିֈ֭ :Ꮨ۞઱˘Я৵Ă҃ͅౄј჌୉Հ՟ѣщБຏĞShamsuddin & Ridzuan, 2015 ˘ؠ੺ֽҘֲᄬĞBahasa Malaysiağࠎ઱טع138ğĄ1967 ѐĂ੺ֽҘֲ߆ ؠ઼छᄬ֏үࠎԼච઼छିֈវט΃ࡻᄬĂԓ୕ᖣϤפᄬ֏Ă౵௣͞ء۞ ੺ֽˠݒፉ͕੺ֽϔ୉͹ཌྷĞMalay nationalismğܧĄҭߏĂڱր۞͹ࢋ͞ ᄬ֏Ă๕૟᏷ε΁ࣇֽࣧ۞̼͛᏷͞ءͽ̈́ർّఢؠ੺ֽҘֲᄬࠎ઼छ׶ ৿ͻкᇹّ׶ΒटّĂેҖ࿅඀̚யϠ۞ۤົٺயĄ఺ี઼छᄬ֏߆ඉϤ ᘣ઼छۤົ۞ဥඕܡ੺ֽ୉ཏ۞໛఼ՀࠎӧᙱĂࠤҌܧ൏ᇋֹ଀੺ֽ׶ ĞShamsuddin & Ridzuan, 2015: 138-39ğĄ ൴Ϡ੺ֽˠᄃරˠ۞߹ҕ኏ޢБ઼ᏴᓝඕՁبˬѐĂ੺ֽҘֲௐ 1969 ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 126 ؠ઼छ̼͛߆ඉĂᖣϤЧี̼͛ᛉטᐌӈعࡎְІć1971 ѐĂ੺ֽҘֲ߆ ९۞ેҖͽૻ઼̼छᄮТăᆧซ઼छፋЪᄃဥඕăჯᘭ჌୉۞׶ᏘĄ఺ี ϲޙ၁ኳ۞јड़Ă˵ѣ̙͌ˠኳႷк˳̖ਕјΑ۞ז߆ඉᅮགྷᇴ΃̖࠻଀ ੺ֽˠ݋ᘃႷ఺ีͽϿ೻ᜋᆊࣃࠎ८͕۞ܧ׶ፋЪј੺ֽҘ઼ֲछ̼͛ĉ ϲ˘࣎ઐఝ੺ֽ̼͛׶Ͽ೻ᜋିव۞̼͛ߛၹĂ҃࿅ޙ̼͛߆ඉΪߏྏဦ ੺ֽˠ۞ܧ߆ඉ̚۞Ͽ೻ᜋିᇆᜩ˧Ă̏གྷ͔੓عૻአд੺ֽᄮТ׶߆ٺ ൏ᇋ̙ז߆ඉૻአϿ೻ᜋିཌྷдۤົ̚۞ࢦࢋّຏعщБຏĂࠤҌ၆߆̙ щĞ Shamsuddin & Ridzuan, 2015: 138ğĂְ၁˯఺ี઼छ̼͛߆ඉ̏གྷღᒺ ࠎ˞ഴቤЧ჌୉Яళಱम෼عĂ੺ֽҘֲ߆ޢ჌୉̝ม۞̢જᙯܼĄ౵˞ யϠ۞ᇝᑡĂ1971 ѐ࿴οܳซ઼छဥඕ۞າགྷᑻ߆ඉĄ˘͞ࢬ೩੼ٙ଀ͪ ࣎གྷᑻྵπᏊ۞ۤົâޙ໤׶ಶຽ፟ົͽഴ͌ăঐੵళ቎ĂΩ˘͞ࢬࢦ ૻአ఺ี߆ඉ̙عͽഴ͌׶ঐੵЧ჌୉дགྷᑻ˯۞मளĄᔵ൒੺ֽҘֲ߆ ੺ֽˠᄮࠎ߆ඉ৿ͻкᇹّ׶Βटّܧٙѣ઼ϔĂҭߏٺ჌୉೼࿆လ೎̶ Kampung Medan ۞੺ֽˠᄃО ٺԼච჌୉̝ม۞ᙯܼĂ2001 ѐ൴Ϡڱ൑֭ ˠ኏ࡎ̪൒ߏళ቎યᗟٙ࡭ĞShamsuddin & Ridzuan, 2015: 138ğĄޘ Ă1957 ѐ੺ֽҘֲଂࡻ઼തϔг፾ϲژტЪᕩৼ੺ֽҘֲщБᒖဩ̶ ਎ĂΩ˘͞ࢬ˵ࢬᓜރඕၹّ۞γొщБٺᛳ˯ڼâ͞ࢬхдгቡ߆ޢ ᅳ˿జݑ઼̚ঔડ࿣ٺม኏ࡎ۞̰ొщБᜪᇋĄ݈۰Ϥ̝ି؟к჌୉׶к ݑ઼ֲछ࠹ዐĂࢬ၆ڌҘ׌ొЊĂЯѩౙ˯ᄃঔ˯ᘟࠧೀͼᄃٙѣ۞ڌࠎ ݑֲщБଐ๕׶઼̚๕˧ᕖૺĂӈֹᄃҘ͞ૻᝋඕ༖ͽЯᑕщБڌкត۞ ڌ࿣Ăֹ੺ֽҘֲྵᙱТॡࣘᜪܡᇃᔮăኑᗔ۞ݑ઼̚ঔזצ਎Ăҭߏރ
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