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Malaysian Defense Forces & Regional Security

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ௐ 1 ഇ! ࢱ 117-47! 2019 ѐ/ߋ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 15 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 117-47 Spring 2019 馬來西亞國防武力與區域安全 ڒڌӓ έݑ̂ጯࣘЇӄநି଱ ၡ ࢋ ੺ֽҘֲ԰ଠ౫̱ϥঔदాତݑ઼̚ঔ۞઼ᅫঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢĂгቡ ბ̚Էႊࢋ֎Ă֭ჯ᜕ડાщБᄃ׶πĄҭۋጼர˯Ξͽдݑ઼̚ঔ ߏĂ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨યᗟ˯౵̂۞ᚨඕߏĶˠķ۞યᗟĂЯᑕᇃᔮ׶ࢲ ጡ྅౯Ăڠᐍໂ੼۞׹ᙝঔાĂһ˧ᓠऴ۞ঔă۩࢕׶ҁᖞăᇴณ͌۞ ព̙֖ĄѩγĂ࢕ฤ̪̚൒хд჌୉ઐ֍Ăјࣶ̚੺ֽˠᇴณځ˧ጼ ጡ྅౯൴ڠ੺ֽˠ۞ּͧརमໂ̂Ă࢕̚۞ˠ˧ྤ໚გந׶ܧᐹ๕ᄃ አ˘࡭Ăᇆᜩፋវጼ˧۞೩̿Ąםڱण׌۰ม۞Վአ൑ ă݈ซ֨᎔ܡăᑂ˧ڠᙯᔣෟĈݑ઼̚ঔăۢᙊ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 118 壹、前言 ˘ࠧ˯ࢦࢋঔ˯ጼர఼྽̝͵טݑֲĂܼଠڌ੺ֽҘֲĞMalaysiağҜ఍ ˾Ǖ ౫̱ϥঔदĞStrait of Malaccağ۞઼छĄፂ 2017 ѐ 7 ͡۞ҤࢍĂˠ ࡗ 31,381,992 ˠĂଵЩ͵ࠧௐ 41 ЩĞCentral Intelligence Agency, 2018ağć ,ᅳ˿ࢬ᎕ࡗ 329,847 π̳֧͞ĂଵЩ͵ࠧௐ 68 ЩĞCentral Intelligence Agency 2018bğĄѝдௐ˝ҌȈˬ͵ࡔഇมĂ̂ొЊ۞੺ֽΗफĞMalay peninsulağ ିޘĄȈα͵ࡔॡĂ๕˧ૻ̂۞ОטӮࠎҢି੺ֽˠ۞ Srivijaya ͳഈٙଠ Ͽܫ੺ֽΗफĂҭߏҋȈα͵ࡔ݈Ηཧ੓Ă੺ֽˠԼ˞טMajapahit ͳഈଠ ౫̱۞˭ڼĞMuslimğͳ̄௚ڒ೻ᜋିĞIslamğĂ҃ͷᐌ඾Ị̏͵ࡔ᎗೻ ϥĞMalaccağᎸ੓јࠎડાથຽ͕̚Ăаି๕˧͟ৈ೩̿ĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ ૲ֽ۞ಱ૷ͽ̈́ঔ˯ጼர఼྽۞ࢦࢋّĂޫрјࠎ̂ਝঔॡٽથຽ෶ ΃ለ߷ঔᝋ઼छ۞ᓺᏑ̝гĄ1511 ѐĂཬ෈ͰᚻฤԽҹ౫̱ϥĂТॡ෪ᇈ ݑֲгડᕖૺ۞ฟؕĄ1641 ѐఈᜋˠᜭు˞ҫᅳ౫̱ϥ۞ڌለ߷๕˧д˞ ੺ֽΗफҘΔ઎۞ᕠຼᑎĞIsland ofٺ଀Ҝפѐ 1786 ٺ˵ཬ෈ͰˠĂࡻ઼ ౫̱ϥĂͽүࠎ׎טPenangğĂ֭дఈᜋ۞ᐵధ˭ҋ 1795 Ҍ 1818 ѐᇶॡଠ ॡ̝ᅮĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ1824 ѐĂࡻ̙۞ޢεӀۋόдो৔૬ጼ˘ ܜ଀౫̱ϥ۞פඍᘷफĞIsland of Sumatrağүࠎ୧ІҋఈᜋϹೱܝͽᛂ઼ јࠎঔद׀ඈࡻ઼১ࠧгЪ؂ഇጾѣᝋĄ1826 ѐĂ౫̱ϥăᕠຼᑎ׶າΐ Ҍ 1945 ѐௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ 1941 זതϔгĞColony of the Straits SettlementsğĂۡ Ă੺ֽΗफЧг೼࿆ޢ΃Ąௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁפጼഇมజ͟ώҫᅳᄃ̂ ፾ϲຍᙊ͟ৈ੼ႚĂ1948 ѐඕЪј੺ֲֽᓑ֣ĞFederation of MalayağĂ۞ Тຍ˭ϒё፾ϲĄ1963 ѐĂ۞ع፾ϲĂ1957 ѐдࡻ઼തϔ߆פۋШࡻ઼ޢᐌ ăՒ౻෸ĞSarawakğ׶ Ւ ͐Ğ Sabahğඈࡻ઼തϔгΐˢ੺ֲֽᓑ֣Ă؂າΐ ,ĞGlobalSecurity઼ޙѐ௲ᗓᓑ֣፾ϲ 1965 ٺ݋؂ТॡԼЩࠎ੺ֽҘֲĂາΐ 2012ğĄ ăҘ׌ొЊĂ࠹ڌ੺ֽҘֲᅳ˿జݑ઼̚ঔĞSouth China Seağડ࿣ࠎ ૔ᘲ߷ĞBorneoğĂᄃОκ׶զ඿ĞBruneiğٺ੺ֽҘֲҜڌ࿣ࡗ 530 ̳֧Ą ᄃડાщБ 119˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ዐݑ઼̚ঔĂҘᑺ౫̱ϥঔदĂڌ׌઼࠹ዐĄҘΗొ݋ߏ੺ֽҘֲΗफĂ ࠹ዐĂΔᄃ঍઼ତᚓĞCentral؂ݑତߘҢঔदĞJohore Straitğͷᄃາΐ ҃ޘIntelligence Agency, 2018b; Global Security, 2017ağĄಶгቡጼர۞֎ Ϲ఼ࢋ྽Ă۞ֲڌͷ԰ଠݑ઼̚ঔݑბซ΍טăҘ׌ొЊᒟڌ֏Ă੺ֽҘֲ జݑٽϏਕ၁ኳೠ೪ঔᝋĂ݋ͅڍᄃঔ˯๕˧т˧ڠҭߏ੺ֽҘֲ۞઼֨ ੺ֽҘֲΗफᄃОκ̝ม۞ٺᑕĄ׎ѨĂҜײঔડ࿣׌఍Ăᙱͽ࠹઼̢̚ ۋ߶۞ࢦࢋጼர఼྽ĂШֽӈࠎһछυޘ౫̱ϥঔदܼซ΍ݑ઼̚ঔᄃО ѐ 1957 ٺഇࠎለ߷ঔᝋ઼छҫᅳĂ੺ֽҘֲܜгĂȈ̱Ҍ˟Ȉ͵ࡔഇม̝ ၁ኳֳѣгቡጼர̝ӀĞኛણ҂ဦ 1ğĄ̖ޢ઼ޙ፾ϲ͟ 31 ͡ 8 फ़ֽ໚ĈCentral Intelligence AgencyĞ2018bğĄྤ ဦ 1Ĉ੺ֽҘֲгநҜཉဦ ѐ 500 ܕ੺ֽΗफᔵ൒дгቡጼர˯԰ଠ౫̱ϥঔदጼர఼྽Ăҭߏ ྅ొฤԷڠĂѝഇ۞੺ֽˠ֭Ϗ൴णڼለ߷ঔᝋ઼छ۞തϔ௚זצഇܜֽ ፾ϲפۋഇజࡻ઼തϔഇม˵Ϗ൴Ϡޢ˯ႊгቡጼர˯۞᎕ໂ֎ҒĂГΐ јϲ੺˭ڼഇ̖дࡻ઼തϔ௚ܐࡔ͵ 20 ז྅኏ࡎĂЯѩۡڠᄃۋ፬ধԩ۞ Ϥ 25 Щѐᅅ੺ֽˠ௡ј۞੺ֽဥ̈ฤٺฤĄ1933 ѐ 3 ͡ 1 ͟Ăჹؕొֽ ྅ొฤᄃౙ࢕۞ᑿᖮĄ1938ڠĞMalay Regiment squadğјࠎன΃੺ֽҘֲ ѐ 1 ͡ 1 ͟Ă੺ֽဥ̈ฤ޺ᜈ൴णјࠎԆፋ۞੺ֽဥௐ 1 ᒉćௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 120 ጼᘕ൴݈۞ 1941 ѐ 12 ͡ 1 ͟Ă੺ֽဥᚶᜈјϲௐ 2 ᒉĄ఺׌࣎ᒉд၆ԩ͟ ,Ă၁ᅫणன˞үጼਕ˧ĞMalaysian Armed Forces Headquarters̚ۋጼܬώˢ ቙Вய͹ཌྷ̶̄࡭ዎפЯعĂࡻ઼തϔ߆ޢ2015bğĄௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁ ྅ొڠᕖ̂זצၗĂՀຏېοซˢღާކѐ 1948 ٺĂ֭ۋ྅੽ڠ࿃Вயᛨ ྅ొฤڠฤ۞ᅮࢋĂ1950 ѐ੺ֽဥ֝ిᕖ̂Ҍ 7 ࣎ᒉ۞һ˧ĄᄃѩТॡĂ ϲ˞˘͚к჌୉۞ᓑ֣ဥĞFederation RegimentğĂ1952 ѐ֭јϲᓑ֣྅ޙ Ăޢϥ֘̂ฤĞFederation Armoured Car SquadronğĄ1957 ѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ዋ༊൴णͷጾѣ·̶۞྅౯ેҖͅݔใүጼĂѩॡొฤ˵֝ిซҖזౙ࢕଀ ഇĂ1934 ѐ 4 ͡ 27 ͟ღܐன΃̼ͽഇЯᑕϏֽ۞߄ጼĄ׎ѨĂ༊ౙ࢕൴ण јϲঔ࢕ঔदԠᙸ࿰౯ొฤĞNaval Straits Volunteer Reserve؂ତ඾дາΐ ForceğĂ఺ߏ੺ֽҘֲ࠱छঔ࢕۞ቡ੓Ă1938 ѐᐌӈдᕠຼᑎᕖበ֭ԼЩ ࠎ੺ֲֽ࠱छঔ࢕ԠᙸొฤĞMalaya Royal Naval Volunteer ForceğĄௐ˟Ѩ ࠧ̂ጼॡĂࡻ઼࠱छঔ࢕۞੺ֽొฤ̏གྷјԛĂ1941 ѐ఺͚ొฤ۞һ˧྿͵ జ͟࢕ԽҫĂ150 Щ੺ֲֽঔ࢕ၣੜҌᐁ؂ˠĄ1942 ѐĂᐌ඾າΐ 1,430 ז а੺ֲֽĄ1947 ѐ 4 ͡ĂܔඕՁ̖ۋጼז߷Ăۡܧొڌ׶ޘᜋĞ CeylonğăО Ă1949 ѐޢྋበĂ1948 ѐᘕ൴ВயᛨજใП֖̙፟ܛЯྤޘ˘੺ֲֽঔ࢕ ٺೇበĂ1952 ѐϤࡻ઼̃ͳ଱̟੺ֲֽ࠱छঔ࢕۞ᐝᅟĂ֭˫̖͟ 4 ͡ 3 Ăঔޢ੺ֲֽᓑ֣Ą1963 ѐ੺ֽҘֲؠЩޙᕩ؂ѐ 7 ͡ 12 ͟Ϥາΐ 1958 ࢕ϒёჍࠎ੺ֽҘֲ࠱छঔ࢕ĞRoyal Malaysian Navy, RMNğĞMalaysian ౙ࢕ᄃঔ࢕Ă۩࢕јϲྵ୎ĄٺArmed Forces Headquarters, 2015bğĄ࠹၆ ,͹ጱ˭јϲঔदԠᙸ۩࢕ĞStraits Air Force VolunteersعѐϤࡻ઼തϔ߆ 1936 SSVAFğĂ1940 ѐԼჍ੺ֲֽ۩࢕࿰౯ొฤĞAir Force Reserve MalayağĂ ྋበĄ1950 ѐೇበјࠎ੺ֲֽ࠱छ۩࢕ĞRoyal Malayanޢௐ˟Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼඕՁ ᑕֽזѐҡᐌ඾ᗕ͔ᑜࢳ፟۞ 1958 ٺAir ForceğĂ҃ϒё۞੺ֲֽ۩࢕݋ ,ϲ੺ֲֽ࠱छ۩࢕ĞMalaysian Armed Forces HeadquartersޙϠĂ֭ϒё҃ྻ 2015bğĄ ϲĂ҃ޙഇ͹ጱ˭ٙܜع྅ొฤܼࡻ઼തϔ߆ڠტ˯ٙࢗĂ੺ֽҘֲ ߶ޘ౫̱ϥঔद԰ଠОٺ੺ֽΗफܼૄڼࡻ઼ᄃ׎ιለ߷ঔᝋ઼छതϔ௚ ᄃݑ઼̚ঔ̝มঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢĞSea Lane of Communications, SLOCsğ۞гቡ ᄃડાщБ 121˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ঔ˯ጼ۞ٽมથຽ෶ֲ̝ڌጼரӀৈĂೠଠ˞౫̱ϥঔदӈೠଠ˞ለ߷ᄃ ഇതϔ੺ֽΗफĂТॡԬങ༊ܜர఼྽ĂЯѩࡻ઼ҋȈˣҌ˟Ȉ͵ࡔ่̙ ྅˧ณͽ၁ኳೠ೪гቡጼரӀৈĄ઼࡚ঔ࢕૟ᅳ Alfred Thayer Mahanڠг Ğ1840-1914ğд׎ 1890 ѐ۞඾үĮঔᝋ၆።Ϋ۞ᇆᜩĈ1660-1783įĞThe Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783ğ˘३̚അ೩̈́ঔ߶۞͹ࢋ ֽ˾ঔᝋͽ̈́ጾѣ֖ૉ۞થ௺ᄃപטਝቢਕ૲ֽ̂ณથຽӀৈĂυืቁܲ Ӏϡѩ˘ӀৈĄMahanĞ2010: 26ğТॡ೩΍ 6 ีЯ৵၆ঔᝋ۞ᇆᜩĂࢵࢋ δҜཉ۞̚اЯ৵ӈૻአгநҜཉ۞ࢦࢋّĂMahan ᄮࠎ౵நຐ۞Ҝཉߏ ఼྽˯Ăѣ։р۞പ˾׶ঔ࢕ૄгĄͽ੺ֽҘֲٽ͹ࢋ۞෶ܕफᑎĂ֭ያ гநҜཉ҃֏Ă੺ֽΗफ̈́׎ዐତ۞फᑎޫрԛј౫̱ϥঔद۞̰г۞ ѩгڼĞGlobal Security, 2012ğĂȈ̱ҌȈˣ͵ࡔഇมለ߷ঔᝋ઼छതϔ௚ ˘ӈೠଠ˞ѩٽĂЯѩᅅ˧ڠ˯నĂΐ˯ጾѣૻ̂۞ঔޙѣࢍ൪۞၁߉֭ ٚତ˞ѣӀ۞гቡጼரҜཉͽ̈́జޢঔ˯ጼர఼྽Ą1957 ѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ྅ొฤࢬᓜ۞ߏҽጼඕڠ྅˧ณĂҭߏϫ݈੺ֽҘֲڠϲ۞ޙതϔഇมٙ Ă఺ۋ਎۞щБᒖဩĂ҃ͷυืࢬ၆྘ᙍкត۞ݑ઼̚ঔ৾ރ௚็ܧޢՁ ࢕౯ጼддӮᄃડાщБिि࠹ᙯĄώ͛ӈଂгޙ྅ొฤ۞ૻऴ׶ڠ͚˘ Ϗֽ൴˧ڠଣ੅੺ֽҘֲщБᒖဩă઼֨Їચᄃ௡ᖐă઼֨ޘቡጼர۞֎ ᄃડાщБଐ˧ڠण̈́׎ᄃડાщБ۞ᙯܼඈᛉᗟĂഇ၆੺ֽҘֲ۞઼֨ ๕ѣՀஎ˘ᆸ۞ᄮᙊĄ 貳、馬來西亞安全環境 ă؂Ăዐ઼Оκ̙֭ሄ֍ࣧᛳࡻ઼തϔг۞າΐޢѐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ 1957 ဦĂЯѩҋ 1963 ѐ੓၆఺࣎າ઼ۍৼˢ੺ֽҘֲ۞ޢՒ౻෸׶Ւ͐ඈгᐌ ѐОκ Bung 1966 זăγϹ׶࢕ְ۞၆ԩĂۡڼछซҖ˘ాҚ۞གྷᑻă߆ Sukarno ᓁ௚జଯᖙޢ̖ඕՁĞGlobal Security, 2012ğĄ̰ొރ਎͞ࢬĂҜ ᘪࢎ׶πعĂ֞ 1989 ѐ̖ᄃ੺ֽҘֲ߆ܬ঍઼ݑొᙝဩ۞ഫᑝฤགྷ૱ˢٺ ᛉĄѩγĂ1960 ѐ΃̚ഇ੓дՒ౻෸ᘕ൴۞̈ఢሀВய͹ཌྷ̶̄જใĂם Ә˘߱རĞGlobalSecurity, 2012ğĄ̖ޢᛉםؼᜈҌ 1990 ѐᘪࢎ׶π˵ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 122 ˘ăγొщБᒖဩ ĂщБયᗟ۞ࢦ͕ߏڡ̶۞ି؟ঐੵ჌୉׶ٺڦഇ૞ܐ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ छ൴णᄃ჌୉ᙯܼ۞ԼචĄҭߏᄃѩТॡĂҽጼ၆ϲ۞઼࡚ᄃ݈ᛂᓑ׌઼ ਎Ăឰ੺ֽҘֲ̙଀̙Ᏼፄރૻͽֽ̈́ҋ઼̚׶͟႙ᕖૺ۞ડાВய͹ཌྷ ࡻ઼ᘪࢎ۞ĺࡻع਎ Ǖ 1957 ѐᄃ݈തϔ߆ރᄃҘ͞ૻᝋඕ༖ͽ֨ቑγֽ۞ ؠĻĞAnglo-Malayan Defense Arrangement, AMDAğӈםᄃ੺ֽҘֲ֨኎઼ ݑֲгડᐌ඾ڌព۞ּ̄ĞAbdullah, 2010: 3-4ğĄ1960 Ҍ 1970 ѐ΃Ăځߏ ރݑ෸ϔ͹߆ᝋ۞਽ୀͽ઼̈́̚Вய͹ཌྷᇆᜩ˧۞ᕖ̂Ăឰ੺ֽҘֲஎຏ ચפડાᝋ˧ඕၹ̏གྷԼតͷώ֗ਕ˧ѣࢨĂЯѩଳז਎Ą੺ֽҘֲᄮۢ ඈ઼ᘪࢎḷ઼́֨؂ѐᄃ፫̂Ӏֲăࡻ઼ă৸Ҙᜋ׶າΐ 1971 ٺڱ၁۞ү ΃݈ࢗ۞IJࡻ઼ᄃ੺פؠĻĞFive Power Defense Arrangement, FPDAğĂם኎ ؠĻԛјડા࢕ְם਎Ąḷ઼́֨኎ރؠijĂͽЯᑕγొщБםҘֲ֨኎ֽ ؠ൑םᄼ׌઼۞ႷᇋĂ׌઼ᄮࠎྍޠĂᐌӈ͔੓׹ᙝ઼छОκ׶හޢᓑ༖ തϔॡ΃ጼரĄОκࠤҌᄮࠎ఺ีޢ׎гҜ۞ޙડાࢦזႷߏҘ͞ૻᝋа ؠᄃௐˬ͵઼ࠧछ̙ඕ༖ྻજĞNon-Align Movement, NAMğ۞ጼர̙֭ם ڼᛉӮ૟ؼᏵОκᄃ੺ֽҘֲϏֽ߆םؠ̝˭۞щБם௑ЪĂ҃ͷд఺ี ˢ੺ֽҘֲ֭׀ăՒ౻෸׶Ւ͐ඈ؂ඕ༖۞Ξਕ൴णĄ͍׎Ă1963 ѐາΐ ᄼᄮޠ੺ֽҘֲଐඕĄОκ׶හͅ۞ޢĂ˵ΐஎ˞Оκ͟צࠎዐ઼ٙତ̙ ࠎ˯ࢗ൴णߏҘ͞ૻᝋ઼࡚ᄃࡻ઼Ћဦऴ̼׶৔ᗼડાᝋ˧̶੨۞˘ี߆ ၆ԩ߆ඉͽ̈́޺ᜈ׌ѐפОκ Sukarno ߆ᝋӈ၆੺ֽҘֲଳޢᑚĂѩྼڼ Sukarno జଯᖙĄ ז࢕ְҖજĞAbdullah, 2010: 4-5ğĂۡ۞ ੺ֽҘֲ۞γొщБ߄ጼੵ˞˯ࢗඕၹّ۞Я৵̝γĂᄃ׹ᙝ઼छ۞ ็ܧ˭ᅳ˿׶ঔ˯۬৾ă໚ҋዐ઼̰ొ኏ࡎٙጱ࡭۞ా૲ड़ᑕͽ̈́Б஧̼ ਎ĄࢵАĂՒ͐γঔ۞੺ֽҘֲ૞ᛳރ௚ᛉᗟ۞߄ጼĂддౌԛјሕд۞ ᛉ౵ᐛۋ˯གྷᑻડĞExclusive Economic Zone, EEZğߏ઼̚ᄃ੺ֽҘֲঔ ࢕ঔ࢕ᚻ௺ೀͼٸ௚ࢍĂҋ 2011 ѐͽ઼ֽ̚ྋ͞ءᓄ̝఍Ăॲፂ੺ֽҘֲ ˢ੺ֽҘֲঔા˘ѨĂ઼̚Ⴂ௺˵д઼̚ঔᛋԊĞChinese CoastܬՏѐ ѐܕGuard, CCGğᚻ௺۞ҡ᜕˭෸ࠧ߿જĂ၆ঔ˯ᅳ˿ԛјགྷ૱ّ۞߄ጼĄ ᄃડાщБ 123˧ڠ੺ֽҘ઼ֲ֨ ԊĞMalaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, MMEAğڱે˯Ă੺ֽҘֲঔֽ :ѣࢨĞNoor, 2017ڍ׶࠱छঔ࢕ᆧΐ˞ࡗ 30% ۞ঔ˯֟ទᐛதĂ̙࿅Ă̪൒ड़ Օ۞פბٙଳۋ၆ݑ઼̚ঔـ̏ͅ˘Ă੺ֽҘֲܬ64ğĄࢬ၆઼̚ᐛᓄ۞ˢ ײ੺ֽҘֲঔા۞Җࠎ̳ฟ෦ኜ̂ிಫវĂТॡܬᐵγϹ߆ඉĂ૟઼̚ˢ ࢕ְ̼Ąᔵ൒тѩĂ੺ܧࢬ၆ݑ઼̚ঔள૱۞൴णᑕܲᙋྍঔા۞઼̚៰ ޢડા۞ᘦؠͽ̈́ˠϔ۞щБĂ౵ٺᆶຕෞҤώ֗۞၁˧ͷૄعҘֲ߆ֽ םݑ઼ֲछڌᙸຍͽ઼̈ۡତᄃ઼̂൴Ϡ኏ࡎĂ҃ͅд઼࡚ă઼̚׶̙֭ ົĞAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEANğ̝มԶ኏ፒܾĞNoor, 64-67ğĂԓ୕ᖣѩπᏊЧ઼дડા۞Ӏৈͽ̈́ჯ޺ડા۞ᘦؠĄ :2017 ੺ڌ਎ĂТॡ˵ࢬᓜރ׎ѨĂ੺ֽҘֲੵ˞ᖰຕ఍நঔ˯ᅳ˿۞щБ Оκ૔ᘲ߷ΔٺĄдгቡҜཉ˯ĂՒ͐ҜܬҘֲΔొՒ͐гડ۞γֽˢֽ ࿣۞੺ֽܡᄼݑბफᑎĂᅈдࡗ 530 ̳֧γజݑ઼̚ঔޠහܕତ૱ܧͷొ ਑ऴĂӈֹ૱ܧቢثࡗ 1,400 ̳֧۞ঔܜం̈́Ă࡭ֹՒ͐ܜᗛعҘֲ̚δ߆ ౼֨Ąҋ 2013 ѐ 2 ͡ͽֽĂᛂ༯ᛂ̙֨˵ܬࢬ၆̈ఢሀ۞γֽᇲ၆๕˧ˢ ڠĞSultanate of Suluğ۞ᛂ༯࠱छొฤĞRoyal Sulu Forceğࡗ 200 Щ઼̜ ᛋᛇĂͽ֨ቑᙷҬְІГѨޘჯ޺੼عĂ੺ֽҘֲ߆ޢՒ̝͐ܬ྅ˠࣶˢ ݑֲгડ۞Ͽ೻ᜋିऻٍ௡ᖐ Abu Sayyafڌ൴ϠĞNoor, 2017: 63ğĄҭߏĂ ਎ĂރซҖཆߛϚཋҖࠎĄ੺ֽҘֲࠎ˞࿄ͤ˯ࢗщБ֭ܬјࣶݒགྷ૱ˢ Ւ͐щБડĞEastern Sabah Security Zone, ESSZONEğĂڌѐ 3 ͡পҾనϲ 2013 ڌ఍நщБְІٙౄј۞〜ᅩĂΩγјϲܝొྭعТॡࠎ˞ᔖҺᇴȈѐֽ߆ Ւ͐щБ޽೭ొĞEastern Sabah Security Command, ESSCOMğĂͽ௚˘ְᝋ ͽ̈́੺ֽҘֲ࠱छᛋ၅ĞRoyal Malaysia Police, RMPğăܝЧొعአ߆םତۡ ொϔăऻٍ͹ཌྷ׶׎ιϚཋ௡ᖐڱܧĂ఍ந֕ռăܝԊ׶ொϔొڱે˯ঔ ඈ࠹ᙯщБְІĞNoor, 2017: 63-64ğĄ ொϔӵᗔ඾ऻٍЊڱܧѩγĂдБ஧̼঎ሗ˭Ă੺ֽҘֲࢬᓜ˞̂ณ ྅ຬӃ׶ૻᇷඈ௡ᖐϚཋҖࠎڠ਎Β߁ރ਎Ă఺ֱщБރٙౄј۞щБ̄ گ˘ഇҌ 1980 ѐ΃ϐĂௐܐĞAbdullah, 2010: 15ğĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂ1970 ѐ΃ ޢᏉП̝፟ܛҋОκ۞ொϔ̍ˠ̏གྷౄј੺ֽҘֲ۞ӧᕘĂ1997 ѐֲ߷ֽ ТᇹֽҋОκ۞ொϔሗĂՀౄј੺ֽҘֲໂ̂۞щБᜪᇋĄ఺ֱགྷᑻّ۞ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2019/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 124 ொϔԓ୕д੺ֽҘֲವՐྵָ۞Ϡ߿ᒖဩĂҭߏ၆੺ֽҘֲ҃֏̏གྷڱܧ ధΞ۞гડĂࠤҌعҝдϏགྷ߆اౄјۤົăགྷᑻયᗟĄ͍׎Ăொϔ̍ˠ гĞAbdullah, 2010: 15-16ğĂ̏൒اϲОκˠ۞ჸޙг˿عૻҖ୻ੵ߆ڱܧ ਎Ąރԛј઼छщБ۞ሕд ˟ă̰ొщБᒖဩ ᙯܼâۡͽֽӈߏ۞ڼ੺ֽҘֲЯгቡҜཉ׶അజҘ઼͞छതϔ௚ छĂ఺׌࣎ன෪˵јࠎ઼छ̰ొщБ۞ՙؠّЯ઼۞ି؟࣎к჌୉ᄃк˘ ม۞ᙯܼ̙֭׶ᏘĂࠤҌ΍னᇷ˧኏ࡎП઼̈́छ̰ొ̝ି؟৵Ă׎̚к̮ ҌҽጼඕՁഇมĂੵ˞ࢬ၆̰ొ੺ֽҘֲВயᛨޢщБĄ੺ֽҘֲ፾ϲ ဥି؟ĞCommunist Party of Malaya, CPMğ۞જใ̝γĂТॡགྷ።˘ాҚ វ۞࢕ְ̼ԽᑝĂ͍׎ Kumpulan 4 SahabatăAhmad Nasir b. Ismail Group ׶ щБనعϲಞ̙ТĂདྷຍԽᑝˠϔ׶߆عTabrani ඈ௡ᖐ૱Яିཌྷͽ̈́ᄃ߆ ߉Ăјࠎᚑࢦ۞̰ొщБᜪᇋĄ1980 ѐĂAhmad Nasir b. 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    About this Guide This guide is designed to help prepare you for deployment to culturally complex environments and successfully achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information it contains will help you understand the decisive cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain necessary skills to achieve Malaysia mission success. The guide consists of two parts: Part 1: Introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment – Southeast Asia in particular (Photo: Malaysian, Royal Thai, and US soldiers during Cobra Gold 2014 exercise). Culture Guide Part 2: Presents “Culture Specific” information on Malaysia, focusing on unique cultural features of Malaysian society. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. It applies culture- general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location (Photo: US sailor signs autographs for Malaysian school children). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments.
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    Index 1206 Radar Program, 134 Agreement on Border 14K Triad, 80 Security (1967), linkage to China and North Malaysia and Indonesia, Korea, 82 129 1st Special Forces Group Agreement on Information (Airborne), 76 Exchange and Establishment of A Communication Abdul Khayer Alonto, 86 Procedures (2002), Abdurajak Abubakar 122–24, 133 Janjalani, 73, 75 AK-47, 28, 30, 111 Abkhazia, 32 durability and reliability, 31 Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), 7, introduction into tribally 41, 73–78 violent societies, 35 dwindling support, 75 Al Harakat Al Islamiya, 73 raid on Sipadan, 145 Al Khobar gang, 80 Aceh, 42 Al Qaeda, 6, 30 Afghanistan, 40 arms from Afghanistan abandoned stockpiles of conflict, 41 guns, 23 black arms transfers from, African Market Complex, 33 35–37 Albania, 31–32 Agreement on Border Ambalat dispute, 130 Crossing, Philippines American Market Complex, and Indonesia, 128 27–30 08 Sulu_AM Index.indd 201 1/18/11 1:23:52 PM 202 Index “ammo dumps”, 39 grey, 20 Andaman sub-regional secondary sources, 23 market complex, 42 source, 23–24 Anglo-Malayan Defense transporter, 25–27 Arrangement (AMDA), types, 19–20 123 white, 20 Angola, 35 ASEAN Centre for Ant traders, 26, 79 Combating anti-communist groups, U.S. Transnational Crime supported, 28 (ACTC), 126 anti-smuggling agreements, ASEAN Plan of Action bilateral, 60 (PoA) to Combat Anti-Smuggling Treaty Transnational Crime, (1967), 128–29 120, 122, 125–26 apartheid, fall of, South ASEAN Way, 119 Africa, 36 Association of Southeast Armed Forces of the Asian Nations (ASEAN) Philippines (AFP), 7 export