Table S1. Primers Used for Amplification and Sequencing of DNA Fragments Used in Phylogenetic Analyses

Title Evidence of Vent-Adaptation in Sponges Living at the Periphery of Hydrothermal Vent Environments: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications

Authors Georgieva, MN; Taboada, Sergio; Riesgo, A; Díez-Vives, C; De Leo, FC; Jeffreys, RM; Copley, JT; Little, Crispin; Ríos, P; Cristobo, J; Hestetun, JT; Glover, AG

Date Submitted 2020-08-05 Table S1. Primers used for amplification and sequencing of DNA fragments used in phylogenetic analyses.

Genus Gene Primer Sequence (5'-3') Cladorhiza COI LCO1490-Neg TTT CAA CAA ATC ATA AGG ATA TAG G HCO2198-Cla TAA ACC TCC GGG TGG CCA AAA AAC CA COX1-D2-Cla AAC ACA GCT TTT TTT GAT CCT GCG GG COX1-R1 TGT TGR GGG AAA AAR GTT AAA TT 28S Ep1b' GTG GCC GGG AGA GGC AGC D2 TCC GTG TTT CAA GAC GGG ALG11 ALG11-D1 TTY CAY CCN TAY TGY AAY GCN GGN GG ALG11-R1 ATN CCR AAR TGY TCR TTC CAC AT ALG11-D2 TGY AAY GCN GGN GGN GGN GGN GA ALG11-R2 CCR AAR TGY TCR TTC CAC ATN GTR TG Spinularia COI PolyHCO GAYTATWTTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG PolyLCO TAMACTTCWGGGTGACCAAARAATCA 28S Por28S-15F GCG AGA TCA CCY GCT GAA T Por28S-878R CAC TCC TTG GTC CGT GTT TC Por28S-830F CAT CCG ACC CGT CTT GAA Por28S-1520R GCT AGT TGA TTC GGC AGG TG Por28S-1490F AAC TCA CCT GCC GAA TCA AC Por28S-2170R CCA ATC CTT TTC CCA ARG TT

References

Belinky, F., Szitenberg, A., Goldfarb, I., Feldstein, T., Wörheide, G., Ilan, M. & Huchon, D. (2012) ALG11 – A new variable DNA marker for sponge phylogeny: Comparison of phylogenetic performances with the 18S rDNA and the COI gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63, 702–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.008

Carr, C.M., Hardy, S.M., Brown, T.M., Macdonald, T.A. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2011) A tri-oceanic perspective: DNA barcoding reveals geographic structure and cryptic diversity in Canadian polychaetes. PLoS One 6, e22232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022232

Chombard, C., Boury-Esnault, N., Tillier, A. & Vacelet, J. (1997) Polyphyly of ‘‘sclerosponges” (Porifera, Demospongiae) supported by 28S ribosomal sequences. Biological Bulletin 193, 359–367.

Hestetun, J.T., Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N., Borchiellini, C., Kelly, M., Ríos, P., Cristobo, J. & Rapp, H.T. (2016) The systematics of carnivorous sponges. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94, 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.022

Morrow, C.C., Picton, B.E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C.A. & Allcock, A.L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62, 174–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.016

Rot, C., Goldfarb, I., Ilan, M. & Huchon, D. (2006) Putative cross-kingdom horizontal gene transfer in sponge (Porifera) mitochondria. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-71 Table S1. Primers used for amplification and sequencing of DNA fragments used in phylogenetic analyses.

Reference Hestetun et al. (2016) Hestetun et al. (2016) Hestetun et al. (2016) Rot et al. (2006) Chombard et al. (1997) Chombard et al. (1997) Belinky et al. (2012) Belinky et al. (2012) Belinky et al. (2012) Belinky et al. (2012) Carr et al. (2011) Carr et al. (2011) Morrow et al. (2012) Morrow et al. (2012) Morrow et al. (2012) Morrow et al. (2012) Morrow et al. (2012) Morrow et al. (2012)

References

Rot, C., Goldfarb, I., Ilan, M. & Huchon, D. (2006) Putative cross-kingdom horizontal gene transfer in sponge (Porifera) mitochondria. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-71 Table S2. Genbank sequence codes of specimens used in phylogenetic analyses of Cladorhizidae.

Species Voucher COI 28S Abyssocladia boletiphora BMNH 2016.1.13.7 KU728114 KU728110 Asbestopluma bihamatifera Lar2012-003Con75 KX266207 KX266191 Chondrocladia gigantea NTNU15204a LN870482 LN870618 Chondrocladia gigantea NTNU15204b LN870483 LN870619 Chondrocladia grandis Gulf of Maine KX950009 KX950007 Chondrocladia grandis Baffin Bay MG193131 MG193129 Chondrocladia grandis PAA2013008021 Davis KX266218S KX266202 Chondrocladia grandis HUD2007-025-1058-032KX266213 KX266198 Chondrocladia robertballardi MNHN.D.CL.4110 GorriLN870493 LN870627 Chondrocladia sp. PAT-1208 46DR5 LN870488 LN870624 Chondrocladia verticillata 19-IX-11-1-3 KU950333 KU950334 Cladorhiza abyssicola ZMA POR 19500 LN870497 LN870629 Cladorhiza abyssicola ZMA POR 19732 LN870498 LN870630 Cladorhiza abyssicola ZMBN103470 LN870499 LN870631 Cladorhiza cf. gelida SMF 11753 HE611584 - Cladorhiza corallophila SMF11492 KU508386 KU508392 Cladorhiza corallophila SMF11491 KU508387 KU508393 Cladorhiza corallophila Sam-ID 1430 KU508388 KU508394 Cladorhiza corticocancellata ZMBN103471 LN870500 LN870632 Cladorhiza gelida ZMBN103472 LN870501 LN870633 Cladorhiza gelida ZMBN103473 LN870502 LN870634 Cladorhiza gelida ZMBN103474 LN870503 LN870635 Cladorhiza kenchingtonae CMNI2016-0014 KX266208 - Cladorhiza methanophila J2-633-5 KX815332 KX815331 Cladorhiza methanophila J2-633-4 KX815333 - Cladorhiza oxeata PAA2012007030 KX266209 KX266192 Cladorhiza oxeata PAA2010009147 KX266221 - Cladorhiza sp. SMF11751 HE611585 - Cladorhiza sp. JC42 F-0135A (MG98) MT521889 MT521913 Cladorhiza sp. JC42 F-0135B (MG70) MT521890 MT521914 Cladorhiza sp. JC42 F-0146 (MG71) MT521891 MT521915 Cladorhiza sp. PS119-46D (MG159) MT521892 MT521916 Cladorhiza tenuisigma ZMBN103475 LN870504 LN870636 Cladorhiza tenuisigma ZMBN103476 LN870505 LN870637

Note: newly generated sequences as part of this study are higlighted. Table S2. Genbank sequence codes of specimens used in phylogenetic analyses of Cladorhizidae. Table S3. Genbank sequence codes of specimens used in phylogenetic analyses of Polymastiidae.

ALG11 Species KU728117 Suberites ficus KX266224 Tethya citrina - Polymastia andrica LN870559 Polymastia andrica KX950008 Polymastia arctica MG193130 Polymastia arctica KX266228 Polymastia bartletti KX266227 Polymastia boletiformis LN870567 Polymastia boletiformis LN870564 Polymastia cf. conigera - Polymastia corticata LN870548 Polymastia euplectella LN870549 Polymastia euplectella LN870550 Polymastia grimaldii - Polymastia hemisphaerica KU508389 Polymastia hemisphaerica KU508390 Polymastia hemisphaerica KU508391 Polymastia invaginata LN870551 Polymastia invaginata LN870552 Polymastia littoralis LN870553 Polymastia mamillaris LN870554 Polymastia penicillus - Polymastia sp. 1 KX815334 Polymastia sp. 2 KX815335 Polymastia sp. 3 KX266225 Polymastia thielei - Polymastia uberrima - Quasillina brevis MT521886 Quasillina brevis - Sphaerotylus antarcticus MT521887 Sphaerotylus borealis MT521888 Sphaerotylus capitatus LN870555 Sphaerotylus sp. LN870556 Spinularia cf. sarsii Spinularia njordi Spinularia njordi Spinularia njordi Spinularia sarsii Spinularia sarsii Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia sp. Spinularia spinularia Spinularia spinularia Spinularia spinularia Spinularia spinularia Spinularia spinularia Tentorium papillatum Tentorium papillatum Tentorium cf. semisuberites Tentorium semisuberites Tentorium semisuberites Weberella bursa

Note: newly generated sequences as part of this study are higlighted. Table S3. Genbank sequence codes of specimens used in phylogenetic analyses of Polymastiidae.

Voucher COI 28S D1-D2 28S D3-D5 28S D6-D8 BELUM MC4322 HQ379429 HQ379247 HQ379322 HQ379389 BELUM MC5113 HQ379427 HQ379237 HQ379312 HQ379378 ZMBN98055 LN606449 - - - ZMBN98074 LN606453 LN873415 LN873428 LN873473 ZMBN98062 HG423705 HG423734 HG423764 HG423794 ZMBN98068 HG423706 HG423735 HG423765 HG423795 ZMBN98111 LN606468 LN606505 LN606535 LN606565 ZMBN98047 HG423708 LN606491 LN606521 LN606551 ZMBN98089 HG423709 - - - BELUM MC3722 HG423827 HG423828 HG423829 HG423830 ZMBN98097 LN606456 LN873417 LN873430 LN873445 ZMBN98044 HG423710 - - - ZMBN98085 LN606457 LN606497 LN606527 LN606557 ZMBN98064 LN606459 - - - ZMBN98043 HG423719 HG423807 HG423777 HG423747 ZMBN98056 HG423720 HG423808 HG423778 HG423748 ZMBN98069 LN606478 LN606571 LN606541 LN606511 ZMBN98046 HG423712 HG423740 HG423770 HG423800 ZMBN98094 HG423711 - - - KJ129611 KJ129611 - - - ZMBN98078 HG423713 HG423741 HG423771 HG423801 BELUM MC6505 LN606464 LN606501 LN606531 LN606561 ZMBN98091 HG423714 HG423742 HG423772 HG423802 ZMBN98106 LN606466 - - - ZMBN98080 HG423715 - - - ZMBN98052 LN606469 LN873420 LN873433 LN873463 ZMBN98066 HG423716 HG423744 HG423774 HG423804 BELUM MC6569 - LN606510 LN606540 LN606570 ZMBN98084 HG423718 HG423746 HG423776 HG423806 ZMBN98045 HG423724 HG423752 HG423782 HG423812 ZMBN98059, ZMBN98036 HG423725 HG423753 HG423783 HG423813 ZMBN98042 LN606485 LN873443 LN873448 LN873454 BELUM MC5015 LN606487 LN873455 HG423831 HG423832 ZMBN98103 HG423722 HG423810 HG423780 HG423750 ZMBN98038 HG423723 HG423811 HG423781 HG423751 ZMBN98040 LN606482 LN606573 LN606543 LN606513 ZMBN98041 LN606483 LN606574 LN606544 LN606514 ZMBN98039 HG423721 HG423809 HG423779 HG423749 ZMBN98098 LN606481 LN606572 LN606542 LN606512 024-S1 MG123 MT521893 MT521904 MT521905 MT521906 028-S2.1MG124 MT521894 MT521907 MT521908 MT521909 028-S2.2 MG125 MT521895 MT521910 MT521911 MT521912 028-S2.3 MG126 MT521896 - - - 030-S4 MG127 MT521897 - - - 033-S1.1 MG128 MT521898 - - - 033-S1.2 MG129 MT521899 - - - 034-S2.1 MG131 MT521900 - - - 034-S2.2 MG132 MT521901 - - - 034-S2.3 MG133 MT521902 - - - 034-S2.4 MG134 MT521903 - - - GNM792-1 - LN606577 LN606547 LN606517 ZMBN98037 HG423727 HG423816 HG423786 HG423756 ZMBN98050 LN606488 LN606576 LN606546 LN606516 ZMBN98076 LN606489 LN606578 LN606548 LN606518 ZMBN98079 HG423728 HG423817 HG423787 HG423757 SMF10571 HG423729 - - - ZMBN98096, ZMBN98095 HG423730 LN606519 LN606549 LN606579 SMF10575 - HG423762 HG423792 HG423822 ZMBN98054 HG423731 HG423760 HG423790 HG423820 ZMBN98099 HG423732 - - - ZMBN98051 HG423733 HG423763 HG423793 HG423823

Note: newly generated sequences as part of this study are higlighted. Table S4. Overview of the datasets used for 16S rRNA sequencing.

Taxon Sample code Tissue Dataset 1: Cladorhiza-Chondrocladia Cladorhiza sp. F-0121 MG97 stalk and branches Cladorhiza sp. F-0135A MG98 stalk and branches Cladorhiza sp. F-0135A M2 stalk Cladorhiza sp. F-0135B MG70 stalk Cladorhiza sp. F-0135B MG69 branches Chondrocladia grandis Cgrandis2012Stalk stalk Chondrocladia grandis Cgrandis2012Sphere sphere Chondrocladia robertballardi CrobBT6602CStalk stalk Chondrocladia robertballardi CrobBT6602CSphere sphere Chondrocladia sp. CspPATAGONIA46Stalk stalk Chondrocladia sp. CspPATAGONIA46Sphere sphere Chondrocladia verticillata CverUSNM1482939Stalk stalk Chondrocladia verticillata CverUSNM1482939Sphere sphere Dataset 2: Spinularia-Sycon Spinularia sp. 024-S1 - Spinularia sp. 028-S2.1 - Spinularia sp. 028-S2.2 - Spinularia sp. 028-S2.3 - Spinularia sp. 030-S4 - Spinularia sp. 033-S1.1 - Spinularia sp. 033-S1.2 - Spinularia sp. 034-S2.1 - Spinularia sp. 034-S2.2 - Spinularia sp. 034-S2.3 - Spinularia sp. 034-S2.4 - Sycon sp. 033-S1.3 - Dataset 3: Hestetun et al. (2016) Asbestopluma furcata 1_1-2 - Asbestopluma furcata 1_1-3 - Asbestopluma furcata 2_2-9 - Cladorhiza abyssicola 1_1-4 - Cladorhiza corticocancellata 1-5 - Cladorhiza gelida 1_2-10 - Cladorhiza gelida 2_2-11 - Cladorhiza gelida 2_2-12 - Cladorhiza gelida 2_2-13 - Cladorhiza methanophila 1_2-1 - Cladorhiza methanophila 1_2-2 - Cladorhiza methanophila 1_2-3 - Cladorhiza methanophila 2_2-4 - Cladorhiza methanophila 2_2-5 - Cladorhiza methanophila 3_2-6 - Cladorhiza methanophila 4_2-7 - Cladorhiza methanophila 4_2-8 - Lycopodina cupressiformis 1_1-1 -

Notes: ASV, amplicon sequence variant.

References

E2, East Scotia Ridge 37,586 29,836 21% 231 E2, East Scotia Ridge 44,760 36,831 18% 271 E2, East Scotia Ridge 40,044 32,367 19% 220 E2, East Scotia Ridge 80,414 65,484 19% 336 E2, East Scotia Ridge 50,287 41,480 18% 214 Norwegian Sea 86,030 66,403 23% 1,862 Norwegian Sea 92,238 69,112 25% 1,501 Cantabrian Sea 98,884 76,612 23% 762 Cantabrian Sea 104,375 78,379 25% 1,366 offshore eastern Patagonia 60,714 46,659 23% 839 offshore eastern Patagonia 91,933 72,259 21% 756 Gulf of Mexico 77,433 62,543 19% 362 Gulf of Mexico 72,941 59,671 18% 324

Endeavour 137,854 97,383 29% 3,181 Endeavour 101,564 75,180 26% 3,836 Endeavour 160,417 117,219 27% 3,584 Endeavour 194,425 127,697 34% 5,682 Endeavour 228,841 151,454 34% 4,526 Endeavour 207,718 138,894 33% 5,400 Endeavour 171,950 118,439 31% 4,686 Endeavour 200,525 142,896 29% 5,688 Endeavour 178,178 127,908 28% 4,830 Endeavour 199,221 139,986 30% 4,309 Endeavour 200,590 149,112 26% 4,204 Endeavour 253,973 208,797 18% 1,667

Jan Mayen Vent Field 50,407 37,041 27% 277 Jan Mayen Vent Field 66,456 47,394 29% 310 Jan Mayen Vent Field 268,401 200,410 25% 725 Jan Mayen Vent Field 49,509 35,926 27% 206 Jan Mayen Vent Field 60,267 43,608 28% 213 Jan Mayen Vent Field 238,967 151,507 37% 751 Jan Mayen Vent Field 198,932 138,071 31% 890 Jan Mayen Vent Field 259,974 160,946 38% 1,100 Jan Mayen Vent Field 254,578 177,990 30% 774 Barbados Accretionary Prism 188,380 130,490 31% 1,824 Barbados Accretionary Prism 119,442 83,196 30% 1,480 Barbados Accretionary Prism 112,783 79,006 30% 1,444 Barbados Accretionary Prism 292,129 198,039 32% 2,026 Barbados Accretionary Prism 173,029 118,661 31% 1,390 Barbados Accretionary Prism 222,248 154,100 31% 1,650 Barbados Accretionary Prism 215,284 147,033 32% 1,408 Barbados Accretionary Prism 336,767 233,944 31% 1,783 Jan Mayen Vent Field 53,611 35,801 33% 287

References

Hestetun, J.T., Dahle, H., Jørgensen, S.L., Olsen, B.R., & Rapp, H.T. (2016) The microbiome and occurrence of methanotrophy in carnivorous sponges. Frontiers in Microbiology 7, 1781. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01781 Table S5. COI genetic distances (p-distance) for the genus Cladorhiza.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Cladorhiza abyssicola 1 2 Cladorhiza abyssicola 2 0.0% 3 Cladorhiza abyssicola 3 0.2% 0.2% 4 Cladorhiza cf. gelida 4.0% 2.9% 4.2% 5 Cladorhiza corallophila 1 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 3.7% 6 Cladorhiza corallophila 2 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 2.8% 0.0% 7 Cladorhiza corallophila 3 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 4.2% 0.3% 0.3% 8 Cladorhiza corticocancellata 2.5% 1.8% 2.6% 2.7% 2.4% 2.4% 2.6% 9 Cladorhiza gelida 1 2.1% 2.2% 2.3% 2.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 1.8% 10 Cladorhiza gelida 2 2.1% 2.2% 2.3% 2.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 1.8% 11 Cladorhiza gelida 3 2.2% 2.3% 2.2% 2.9% 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 1.9% 12 Cladorhiza kenchingtonae 3.9% 2.5% 3.7% 5.4% 4.0% 3.9% 3.7% 3.0% 13 Cladorhiza methanophila 1 2.4% 2.2% 2.5% 3.2% 2.4% 2.3% 2.5% 2.1% 14 Cladorhiza methanophila 2 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.7% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 1.7% 15 Cladorhiza oxeata 1 1.3% 0.7% 1.3% 3.7% 1.3% 1.2% 1.3% 2.1% 16 Cladorhiza oxeata 2 1.8% 0.0% 1.7% 3.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.7% 2.6% 17 Cladorhiza sp. 5.0% 2.9% 5.1% 4.8% 5.1% 5.2% 5.1% 4.3% 18 Cladorhiza sp. F-0135A 3.0% 2.8% 3.2% 4.5% 3.0% 3.0% 3.2% 2.2% 19 Cladorhiza sp. F-0135B 2.2% 2.6% 2.4% 2.7% 2.3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.0% 20 Cladorhiza sp. F-0146 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 3.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 2.5% 21 Cladorhiza sp. PS119-46D 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.7% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 1.8% 22 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 1 2.2% 1.8% 2.2% 1.3% 2.2% 2.3% 2.2% 1.0% 23 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 2 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 0.0% 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 0.6%

Table S6. 28S genetic distances (p-distance) for the genus Cladorhiza.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Cladorhiza abyssicola 1 2 Cladorhiza abyssicola 2 0.0% 3 Cladorhiza abyssicola 3 0.1% 0.1% 4 Cladorhiza corallophila 1 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 5 Cladorhiza corallophila 2 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 6 Cladorhiza corallophila 3 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 7 Cladorhiza corticocancellata 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 8 Cladorhiza gelida 1 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 9 Cladorhiza gelida 2 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 0.0% 10 Cladorhiza gelida 3 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 0.0% 11 Cladorhiza methanophila 1 2.4% 2.4% 2.3% 2.6% 2.6% 2.4% 2.3% 1.2% 12 Cladorhiza oxeata 1 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.4% 1.5% 13 Cladorhiza sp. F-0135A 1.1% 1.1% 0.9% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 0.9% 0.4% 14 Cladorhiza sp. F-0135B 1.3% 1.3% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% 15 Cladorhiza sp. F-0146 2.2% 2.2% 2.0% 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 2.0% 0.7% 16 Cladorhiza sp. PS119-46D 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.9% 2.9% 2.7% 2.6% 1.1% 17 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 1 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 0.5% 1.5% 18 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 2 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 0.5% 1.5%

Table S7. ALG11 genetic distances (p-distance) for the genus Cladorhiza.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Cladorhiza abyssicola 1 2 Cladorhiza abyssicola 2 0.2% 3 Cladorhiza abyssicola 3 0.6% 0.4% 4 Cladorhiza corallophila 1 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 5 Cladorhiza corallophila 2 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 6 Cladorhiza corallophila 3 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 7 Cladorhiza corticocancellata 4.1% 3.9% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 8 Cladorhiza gelida 1 3.2% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 9 Cladorhiza gelida 2 3.2% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 0.0% 10 Cladorhiza gelida 3 3.4% 3.2% 3.4% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 0.0% 11 Cladorhiza methanophila 1 3.6% 3.4% 3.6% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 0.7% 12 Cladorhiza methanophila 2 3.6% 3.4% 3.6% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 0.7% 13 Cladorhiza oxeata 1 2.8% 2.6% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 3.4% 3.1% 14 Cladorhiza sp. F-0135A 3.9% 3.6% 3.9% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 0.5% 15 Cladorhiza sp. F-0146 1.0% 0.8% 0.3% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 4.5% 3.8% 16 Cladorhiza sp. PS119-46D 4.1% 3.7% 3.9% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 4.3% 0.8% 17 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 1 3.5% 3.3% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 1.2% 2.7% 18 Cladorhiza tenuisigma 2 3.5% 3.3% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 1.2% 2.7% 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 3.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 3.0% 0.3% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 3.6% 2.7% 2.4% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 4.7% 3.0% 2.5% 0.0% 4.1% 4.1% 4.1% 3.0% 4.4% 4.0% 4.8% 4.8% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 2.1% 0.8% 0.8% 3.2% 6.4% 4.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 3.2% 0.4% 0.1% 2.6% 2.5% 4.0% 0.6% 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 3.8% 2.4% 2.2% 1.4% 1.9% 5.9% 3.0% 2.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 3.1% 0.4% 0.1% 2.4% 2.4% 4.0% 0.6% 0.0% 2.2% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 2.8% 1.8% 1.5% 2.1% 2.3% 3.7% 2.0% 1.6% 2.5% 1.6% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.2% 1.2% 1.7% 3.0% 0.0% 1.5% 1.4% 1.8% 1.4%

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

0.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.5% 2.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.7% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.9% 0.0% 0.7% 0.7% 1.1% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.6% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 1.5% 1.5% 2.3% 1.1% 0.9% 0.9% 1.9% 2.3% 1.5% 1.5% 2.3% 1.1% 0.9% 0.9% 1.9% 2.3% 0.0%

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

0.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.8% 0.0% 3.1% 3.2% 3.5% 3.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 3.7% 3.8% 3.8% 4.3% 4.3% 3.1% 4.2% 0.8% 0.4% 1.0% 1.0% 3.9% 0.0% 4.0% 2.7% 2.7% 3.1% 3.1% 2.9% 2.8% 4.0% 3.1% 2.7% 2.7% 3.1% 3.1% 2.9% 2.8% 4.0% 3.1% 0.0% 22

0.2% Table S8. COI genetic distances (p-distance) for the family Polymastiidae.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Polymastia andrica ZMBN98055 2 Polymastia andrica ZMBN98074 0.0% 3 Polymastia arctica ZMBN98062 1.4% 1.4% 4 Polymastia arctica ZMBN98068 1.4% 1.4% 0.0% 5 Polymastia bartletti 11.6% 11.6% 11.6% 11.6% 6 Polymastia boletiformis ZMBN98047 10.3% 10.3% 10.8% 10.8% 8.4% 7 Polymastia boletiformis ZMBN98089 9.9% 9.9% 10.3% 10.3% 8.2% 0.8% 8 Polymastia cf. conigera 9.7% 9.7% 9.9% 9.9% 6.8% 7.3% 7.4% 9 Polymastia corticata 8.4% 8.4% 8.5% 8.5% 7.3% 6.7% 6.7% 10 Polymastia euplectella ZMBN98044 8.7% 8.7% 8.8% 8.8% 5.8% 6.2% 6.4% 11 Polymastia euplectella ZMBN98085 8.7% 8.7% 8.8% 8.8% 5.8% 6.2% 6.4% 12 Polymastia grimaldii 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 11.6% 10.0% 9.6% 13 Polymastia invaginata ZMBN98046 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.0% 8.2% 7.8% 14 Polymastia invaginata ZMBN98094 10.6% 10.6% 10.5% 10.5% 12.2% 9.0% 8.5% 15 Polymastia littoralis 8.2% 8.2% 8.4% 8.4% 5.5% 5.6% 5.8% 16 Polymastia mamillaris 5.0% 5.0% 4.6% 4.6% 10.9% 10.2% 9.7% 17 Polymastia penicillus 8.2% 8.2% 8.4% 8.4% 5.6% 6.4% 6.5% 18 Polymastia sp. 1 10.2% 10.2% 9.7% 9.7% 9.7% 7.9% 7.8% 19 Polymastia sp. 2 10.9% 10.9% 10.5% 10.5% 10.8% 9.7% 9.3% 20 Polymastia sp. 3 10.6% 10.6% 10.2% 10.2% 10.8% 9.4% 9.0% 21 Polymastia thielei 4.0% 4.0% 4.1% 4.1% 10.0% 9.0% 8.5% 22 Polymastia uberrima 4.9% 4.9% 4.7% 4.7% 9.7% 9.9% 9.7% 23 Quasillina brevis 10.5% 10.5% 10.9% 10.9% 8.5% 0.2% 0.9% 24 Spinularia cf. sarsii 10.2% 10.2% 10.2% 10.2% 6.8% 6.8% 6.7% 25 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98043 4.1% 4.1% 4.3% 4.3% 9.9% 8.8% 8.4% 26 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98056 4.3% 4.3% 4.4% 4.4% 10.0% 9.0% 8.5% 27 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98069 4.1% 4.1% 4.3% 4.3% 9.9% 8.8% 8.4% 28 Spinularia sarsii ZMBN98039 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 29 Spinularia sarsii ZMBN98098 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 30 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98038 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 31 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98040 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 32 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98041 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 33 Sphaerotylus antarcticus 9.7% 9.7% 9.7% 9.7% 9.3% 8.5% 8.7% 34 Sphaerotylus borealis 8.4% 8.4% 8.5% 8.5% 4.9% 5.3% 5.5% 35 Sphaerotylus capitatus 9.1% 9.1% 9.3% 9.3% 7.1% 7.3% 7.0% 36 Sphaerotylus sp. 9.3% 9.3% 9.4% 9.4% 7.0% 7.1% 6.8% 37 Spinularia sp. 024-S1 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 38 Spinularia sp. 028-S2.1 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 39 Spinularia sp. 028-S2.2 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 40 Spinularia sp. 028-S2.3 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 41 Spinularia sp. 030-S4 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 42 Spinularia sp. 033-S1.1 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 43 Spinularia sp. 033-S1.2 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 44 Spinularia sp. 034-S2.1 10.4% 10.4% 10.4% 10.4% 7.0% 6.8% 6.6% 45 Spinularia sp. 034-S2.2 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% 7.3% 6.7% 6.5% 46 Spinularia sp. 034-S2.3 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 47 Spinularia sp. 034-S2.4 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 48 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98037 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 49 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98050 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 50 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98076 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 51 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98079 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 6.8% 6.5% 6.4% 52 Tentorium papillatum SMF10571 12.3% 12.3% 12.8% 12.8% 12.9% 10.9% 10.5% 53 Tentorium papillatum ZMBN98096 12.8% 12.8% 13.2% 13.2% 11.4% 11.7% 11.1% 54 Tentorium semisuberites ZMBN98054 10.0% 10.0% 10.2% 10.2% 7.9% 6.2% 5.9% 55 Tentorium semisuberites ZMBN98099 9.7% 9.7% 9.9% 9.9% 8.1% 6.2% 5.9% 56 Weberella bursa 9.0% 9.0% 9.1% 9.1% 5.6% 5.9% 6.1%

Table S9. 28S genetic distances (p-distance) for the family Polymastiidae.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Polymastia andrica 2 Polymastia arctica ZMBN98062 0.3% 3 Polymastia arctica ZMBN98068 0.2% 0.1% 4 Polymastia bartletti 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5 Polymastia boletiformis 5.2% 5.0% 5.1% 5.3% 6 Polymastia cf. conigera 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 2.8% 4.7% 7 Polymastia corticata 5.2% 5.0% 5.2% 5.1% 5.7% 4.5% 8 Polymastia euplectella ZMBN98085 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 3.4% 5.2% 2.6% 5.2% 9 Polymastia invaginata ZMBN98046 5.7% 5.5% 5.6% 3.1% 5.2% 3.3% 5.7% 10 Polymastia mamillaris 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 5.1% 4.9% 3.6% 4.7% 11 Polymastia penicillus 5.0% 5.0% 4.9% 3.5% 5.1% 2.6% 4.7% 12 Polymastia sp. 1 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 5.0% 4.9% 3.5% 4.7% 13 Polymastia thielei 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 5.3% 5.0% 3.7% 4.9% 14 Polymastia uberrima 1.6% 1.4% 1.6% 5.1% 5.3% 3.7% 4.9% 15 Quasillina brevis BELUMMC6569 5.3% 5.2% 5.3% 5.2% 1.0% 4.9% 5.5% 16 Quasillina brevis ZMBN98084 5.4% 5.3% 5.4% 5.3% 1.1% 5.0% 5.7% 17 Spinularia cf. sarsii 6.4% 6.5% 6.5% 3.2% 5.9% 4.0% 6.3% 18 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98043 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 5.3% 4.9% 3.8% 4.9% 19 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98056 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 5.2% 4.9% 3.7% 4.8% 20 Polymastia hemisphaerica ZMBN98069 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 5.2% 4.8% 3.6% 4.8% 21 Spinularia sarsii ZMBN98039 6.1% 6.2% 6.2% 3.2% 5.9% 3.9% 6.2% 22 Spinularia sarsii ZMBN98098 6.1% 6.2% 6.2% 3.2% 5.9% 3.9% 6.2% 23 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98038 6.3% 6.3% 6.3% 3.2% 6.1% 3.9% 6.3% 24 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98040 6.3% 6.3% 6.3% 3.2% 6.1% 3.9% 6.3% 25 Spinularia njordi ZMBN98041 6.3% 6.3% 6.3% 3.2% 6.1% 3.9% 6.3% 26 Sphaerotylus antarcticus 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 4.9% 6.0% 3.5% 3.8% 27 Sphaerotylus borealis 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 3.1% 5.3% 1.9% 5.4% 28 Sphaerotylus capitatus 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.4% 6.1% 4.4% 2.0% 29 Sphaerotylus sp. 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.2% 5.8% 4.3% 1.8% 30 Spinularia sp. 024-S1 6.4% 6.4% 6.4% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 6.4% 31 Spinularia sp. 028-S2.1 6.3% 6.4% 6.4% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 6.4% 32 Spinularia sp. 028-S2.2 6.4% 6.5% 6.5% 3.2% 6.1% 4.0% 6.4% 33 Spinularia spinularia GNM792 1 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 3.3% 5.9% 3.8% 6.2% 34 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98037 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 3.3% 5.8% 3.9% 6.2% 35 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98050 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 3.3% 5.8% 3.9% 6.2% 36 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98076 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 3.3% 5.8% 3.9% 6.2% 37 Spinularia spinularia ZMBN98079 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 3.3% 5.9% 3.8% 6.2% 38 Tentorium cf. semisuberites 6.2% 6.0% 6.0% 3.4% 5.9% 3.8% 5.9% 39 Tentorium papillatum ZMBN98096 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% 6.3% 8.4% 6.5% 8.7% 40 Tentorium semisuberites ZMBN98054 6.2% 6.2% 6.2% 3.3% 5.6% 4.0% 6.1% 41 Weberella bursa 4.1% 4.1% 4.1% 2.7% 4.9% 0.3% 4.7% 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

5.9% 3.2% 4.3% 3.2% 4.3% 0.0% 9.1% 8.1% 8.4% 8.4% 10.2% 9.3% 9.4% 9.4% 10.5% 11.2% 10.8% 10.3% 10.3% 10.5% 2.9% 3.2% 3.5% 0.9% 0.9% 7.9% 8.8% 9.7% 9.3% 8.4% 8.7% 8.7% 4.9% 9.6% 10.5% 8.2% 3.0% 4.4% 1.1% 1.1% 7.9% 9.0% 9.9% 1.1% 7.8% 7.8% 8.2% 6.5% 6.5% 9.6% 10.5% 10.8% 6.5% 9.9% 6.2% 8.5% 9.3% 7.4% 7.4% 10.3% 11.4% 11.7% 7.8% 10.6% 7.4% 3.2% 8.2% 9.0% 7.1% 7.1% 10.0% 11.4% 11.7% 7.4% 10.3% 7.1% 2.6% 0.9% 8.4% 7.1% 7.6% 7.6% 3.8% 9.4% 10.6% 7.1% 3.2% 7.1% 9.1% 9.6% 9.3% 7.8% 7.0% 6.7% 6.7% 4.7% 10.2% 11.1% 6.5% 5.0% 6.5% 8.7% 9.3% 9.0% 3.6% 7.3% 6.8% 6.4% 6.4% 10.2% 8.4% 9.1% 5.8% 10.3% 6.5% 8.1% 9.9% 9.6% 9.1% 10.0% 6.2% 6.2% 5.2% 5.2% 9.9% 9.3% 11.4% 4.9% 10.5% 5.3% 9.3% 10.3% 10.0% 9.0% 8.7% 8.2% 7.0% 7.4% 7.4% 4.0% 9.3% 10.5% 7.0% 3.3% 7.0% 9.0% 9.4% 9.1% 0.2% 3.5% 8.4% 7.1% 7.6% 7.6% 4.1% 9.1% 10.3% 7.1% 3.2% 6.8% 9.1% 9.6% 9.3% 0.3% 3.6% 8.2% 7.0% 7.4% 7.4% 4.0% 9.3% 10.5% 7.0% 3.3% 7.0% 9.0% 9.4% 9.1% 0.2% 3.5% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 7.4% 5.8% 5.8% 9.7% 10.2% 11.4% 5.2% 9.9% 5.6% 8.4% 9.1% 8.5% 9.0% 7.9% 2.6% 4.1% 1.8% 1.8% 8.1% 8.5% 10.0% 1.2% 7.9% 1.7% 7.0% 8.2% 7.9% 7.0% 6.7% 5.5% 5.6% 4.3% 4.3% 8.5% 9.4% 10.6% 3.6% 8.5% 3.8% 7.6% 8.7% 8.1% 7.6% 7.4% 5.3% 5.5% 4.1% 4.1% 8.7% 9.3% 10.5% 3.5% 8.7% 4.0% 7.8% 8.8% 8.2% 7.8% 7.6% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.3% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.8% 10.5% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.7% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.2% 9.4% 11.6% 5.7% 10.4% 6.0% 9.6% 11.0% 10.7% 9.4% 8.8% 7.3% 6.8% 6.2% 6.2% 10.3% 9.3% 11.4% 5.9% 10.9% 6.4% 9.9% 11.4% 11.1% 9.7% 9.4% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.8% 5.8% 10.0% 9.1% 11.2% 5.5% 10.5% 5.9% 9.4% 10.9% 10.6% 9.3% 9.0% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 9.0% 11.1% 5.2% 10.2% 5.6% 9.3% 10.6% 10.3% 9.0% 8.7% 12.5% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 12.9% 13.5% 13.5% 10.8% 12.2% 11.6% 13.2% 14.3% 13.7% 11.6% 12.2% 12.0% 11.0% 10.8% 10.8% 12.8% 12.5% 13.1% 10.2% 12.6% 10.3% 12.5% 13.5% 12.9% 11.7% 11.4% 6.8% 5.2% 5.5% 5.5% 9.7% 8.5% 10.0% 4.9% 10.6% 5.6% 9.3% 10.8% 10.5% 9.3% 8.2% 6.8% 5.0% 5.5% 5.5% 9.4% 8.2% 9.7% 4.9% 10.3% 5.6% 9.0% 10.6% 10.3% 9.1% 8.1% 2.0% 4.6% 2.3% 2.3% 8.7% 8.7% 10.0% 1.7% 8.4% 1.8% 7.0% 8.2% 7.9% 7.8% 7.1%

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

3.6% 4.8% 5.4% 1.3% 3.7% 4.6% 4.9% 5.3% 1.5% 4.6% 4.9% 5.6% 0.5% 4.8% 1.6% 5.0% 5.6% 1.4% 4.9% 1.4% 1.3% 5.3% 5.1% 4.9% 5.3% 4.9% 5.0% 5.4% 5.4% 5.2% 5.1% 5.5% 5.1% 5.1% 5.5% 0.4% 4.1% 3.1% 6.1% 4.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 5.8% 5.8% 4.9% 5.5% 0.6% 4.8% 1.7% 0.2% 1.4% 4.9% 5.1% 6.2% 4.9% 5.5% 0.4% 4.7% 1.6% 0.0% 1.3% 4.9% 5.0% 6.2% 0.1% 4.9% 5.5% 0.4% 4.7% 1.6% 0.0% 1.2% 4.8% 5.0% 6.1% 0.1% 0.0% 3.9% 2.9% 5.8% 3.8% 5.7% 5.9% 5.8% 5.7% 5.8% 0.6% 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 3.9% 2.9% 5.8% 3.8% 5.7% 5.9% 5.8% 5.7% 5.8% 0.6% 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 0.0% 3.9% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 5.8% 6.0% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 0.8% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.6% 0.6% 3.9% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 5.8% 6.0% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 0.8% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.6% 0.6% 3.9% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 5.8% 6.0% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 0.8% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.6% 0.6% 4.2% 5.1% 5.1% 4.0% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1% 6.2% 6.4% 5.7% 5.2% 5.1% 5.1% 5.8% 5.8% 2.9% 3.3% 4.6% 2.7% 4.5% 4.8% 4.7% 5.4% 5.6% 3.4% 4.8% 4.7% 4.7% 3.2% 3.2% 5.2% 5.8% 5.3% 4.9% 5.1% 5.5% 5.1% 6.1% 6.3% 6.0% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.9% 5.9% 4.9% 5.5% 5.1% 4.7% 4.9% 5.3% 5.0% 5.8% 5.9% 5.9% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 5.9% 5.9% 4.0% 2.9% 6.0% 4.0% 6.0% 6.2% 6.0% 5.9% 6.0% 0.6% 6.2% 6.1% 6.1% 0.4% 0.4% 4.0% 3.0% 6.0% 4.0% 6.0% 6.2% 6.0% 5.9% 6.0% 0.7% 6.2% 6.1% 6.1% 0.4% 0.4% 4.1% 3.0% 6.1% 4.1% 6.0% 6.2% 6.0% 6.0% 6.1% 0.7% 6.2% 6.2% 6.1% 0.5% 0.5% 3.8% 3.0% 6.0% 4.0% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.8% 5.9% 0.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.3% 0.3% 3.9% 2.9% 6.0% 4.1% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.6% 5.7% 0.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.3% 0.3% 3.9% 2.9% 6.0% 4.1% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.6% 5.7% 0.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.3% 0.3% 3.9% 2.9% 6.0% 4.1% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.6% 5.7% 0.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.3% 0.3% 3.8% 3.0% 6.0% 4.0% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.8% 5.9% 0.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 0.3% 0.3% 3.9% 3.1% 5.8% 4.1% 5.7% 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 5.9% 1.6% 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 1.7% 1.7% 7.0% 6.2% 8.9% 6.8% 8.7% 9.1% 9.2% 8.3% 8.4% 5.0% 9.1% 9.1% 9.0% 5.1% 5.1% 4.2% 3.1% 6.0% 3.9% 5.7% 6.2% 6.0% 5.6% 5.7% 1.8% 6.2% 6.1% 6.1% 1.7% 1.7% 2.6% 3.5% 3.7% 2.4% 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 5.2% 5.3% 3.8% 4.1% 3.9% 3.9% 3.7% 3.7% 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

7.0% 9.0% 8.8% 9.1% 9.0% 0.2% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.2% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.7% 7.6% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 7.9% 7.9% 7.9% 7.9% 7.9% 5.5% 4.6% 6.8% 7.0% 6.8% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 5.2% 7.4% 7.0% 7.4% 7.3% 7.4% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 6.1% 4.0% 7.3% 6.8% 7.6% 7.4% 7.6% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 6.2% 3.8% 0.2% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.2% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.9% 1.6% 9.3% 9.4% 9.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.3% 5.2% 7.3% 7.1% 0.0% 6.8% 2.0% 9.6% 9.7% 9.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 8.7% 5.6% 7.6% 7.4% 0.5% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.5% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 8.2% 5.2% 7.1% 7.0% 0.0% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 4.9% 7.1% 7.0% 0.3% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 4.9% 7.1% 7.0% 0.3% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 4.9% 7.1% 7.0% 0.3% 6.7% 1.2% 8.8% 9.0% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 4.9% 7.1% 7.0% 0.3% 11.1% 11.1% 11.4% 11.6% 11.4% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 13.1% 10.8% 11.6% 11.4% 10.9% 11.9% 11.0% 11.6% 11.7% 11.6% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.9% 9.9% 10.5% 10.6% 11.1% 6.4% 3.6% 9.1% 9.3% 9.1% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 7.8% 4.9% 6.7% 6.5% 4.0% 6.4% 3.3% 9.0% 9.1% 9.0% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 7.6% 4.9% 6.7% 6.5% 3.6% 5.8% 5.2% 7.6% 7.4% 7.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 1.1% 4.1% 4.0% 5.8%

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.9% 6.0% 6.0% 6.0% 3.8% 4.9% 6.0% 6.0% 6.0% 3.9% 5.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 5.9% 3.3% 6.1% 6.1% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 5.9% 3.3% 6.0% 6.0% 0.0% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 5.9% 3.4% 6.1% 6.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.9% 3.4% 5.9% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.9% 3.4% 5.9% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.9% 3.4% 5.9% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.9% 3.4% 5.9% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.9% 3.4% 5.9% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 5.5% 3.2% 5.6% 5.6% 1.8% 1.8% 1.9% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 7.7% 6.2% 8.6% 8.5% 5.2% 5.2% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 5.4% 3.3% 5.4% 5.5% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 1.7% 4.6% 4.6% 3.8% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.8% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 11.4% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.3% 11.6% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 6.8% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.9% 4.4% 4.0% 4.0% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 10.8% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 4.1% 3.6% 3.6% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 10.6% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 6.2% 5.8% 5.8% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 11.7%

38 39 40 41 5.0% 2.1% 5.2% 3.7% 6.7% 4.0% 53 54 55 56 10.2% 10.0% 0.3% 11.0% 5.3% 5.3% Table S10. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Cladorhiza-Chondrocladia dataset (Dataset 1) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Cladorhiza sp. E2 F-0121 F-0135A all all Phylum level Bacteria;Proteobacteria 83.1% 83.2% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota 10.3% 12.3% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes 4.8% 2.8% Bacteria;Actinobacteria 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Nitrospinae 0.9% 0.8% Bacteria;Planctomycetes 0.3% 0.4% Bacteria;Bacteria unclassified 0.0% 0.3% Bacteria;Verrucomicrobia 0.2% 0.1% Bacteria;Epsilonbacteraeota 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Patescibacteria 0.1% 0.0% Class level Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Gammaproteobacteria 62.4% 78.5% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota;Nitrososphaeria 10.3% 12.3% Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Alphaproteobacteria 20.6% 2.4% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes;Bacteroidia 4.8% 2.8% Bacteria;Actinobacteria;Acidimicrobiia 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Nitrospinae;Nitrospinia 0.9% 0.8% Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Deltaproteobacteria 0.0% 2.1% Bacteria;Planctomycetes;Planctomycetacia 0.1% 0.1% Bacteria;Bacteria unclassified;Bacteria unclassified 0.0% 0.3% Bacteria;Planctomycetes;Phycisphaerae 0.2% 0.3% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;UBA10353 marine group 16.8% 38.9% Archaea;Nitrososphaeria;Candidatus Nitrosopumilus 10.3% 12.3% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Thioglobaceae unclassified 0.1% 31.2% Bacteria;Acidimicrobiia;Microtrichaceae Sva0996 marine group 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Bacteroidia;Flavobacteriaceae unclassified 4.5% 2.6% Bacteria;Alphaproteobacteria;Roseobacter clade NAC11-7 lineage 14.6% 1.5% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Colwellia 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Halioglobus 2.0% 1.1% Bacteria;Nitrospinia;Nitrospinaceae LS-NOB 0.9% 0.8% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;OM182 clade 9.6% 4.1% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Candidatus Thioglobus 31.9% 0.1% Table S10. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Cladorhiza-Chondrocladia dataset (Dataset 1) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Cladorhiza sp. E2 Chondrocladia grandis Chondrocladia robertballardi F-0135A F0135B F-0135B 2012 2012 BT6602C BT6602C stalk stalk branches stalk sphere stalk sphere

87.2% 77.9% 81.7% 39.9% 71.8% 45.4% 45.4% 8.5% 16.0% 15.7% 25.2% 8.8% 14.8% 22.2% 1.3% 5.2% 1.6% 5.1% 11.3% 12.4% 10.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 7.7% 0.6% 17.2% 12.7% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9% 1.2% 8.7% 5.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 9.5% 3.4% 0.3% 1.1% 0.1% 0.4% 0.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.9% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.4% 2.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

83.2% 69.2% 72.7% 32.7% 66.4% 40.5% 43.7% 8.5% 16.0% 15.7% 25.2% 8.8% 14.8% 22.2% 3.7% 5.1% 3.1% 5.9% 4.9% 4.8% 1.4% 1.3% 5.2% 1.6% 5.0% 11.2% 12.4% 10.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.6% 0.5% 17.0% 12.3% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9% 1.2% 8.7% 5.4% 0.4% 3.1% 5.5% 1.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 1.8% 0.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.4% 0.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.9% 1.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 1.9% 1.1% 0.1% 0.3% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) 34.5% 33.9% 29.5% 10.2% 15.1% 16.5% 14.5% 8.5% 16.0% 15.7% 24.9% 8.6% 14.8% 22.0% 40.9% 23.1% 35.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.3% 0.3% 16.8% 12.2% 0.8% 4.4% 1.3% 3.1% 3.6% 12.0% 8.9% 3.0% 4.1% 2.7% 0.9% 2.8% 4.6% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 28.2% 10.7% 13.5% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 7.8% 7.3% 1.0% 0.9% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 6.5% 1.1% 8.7% 5.4% 3.2% 8.3% 5.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.1% 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% dataset (Dataset 1) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Chondrocladia sp. Chondrocladia verticillata Total PAT46 PAT46 1482939 1482939 stalk sphere stalk sphere

41.3% 53.0% 37.5% 44.2% 60.9% 17.8% 4.0% 26.0% 21.9% 15.6% 3.4% 13.4% 13.6% 13.9% 7.6% 16.2% 23.1% 5.7% 8.9% 7.1% 15.4% 5.8% 15.4% 10.1% 5.5% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.5% 1.4% 0.6% 0.1% 0.5% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1% 1.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.1%

19.9% 46.0% 28.0% 27.9% 51.6% 17.8% 4.0% 21.9% 26.0% 15.6% 20.7% 6.2% 16.1% 9.5% 8.0% 3.3% 13.4% 13.9% 13.6% 7.6% 16.0% 23.0% 8.9% 5.7% 7.0% 15.4% 5.8% 10.1% 15.4% 5.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 1.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.1% 0.6% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4%

3.7% 4.3% 18.0% 14.2% 19.2% 17.7% 4.0% 21.9% 26.0% 15.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.1% 16.0% 22.9% 8.8% 5.7% 6.9% 3.1% 13.1% 12.6% 13.1% 6.4% 0.6% 0.4% 12.2% 6.7% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 2.7% 9.2% 5.7% 10.5% 3.9% 15.4% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.5% 3.0% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% Table S11. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Spinularia-Sycon dataset (Dataset 2) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Spinularia sp. 024-S1 028-S2.1 Phylum level Bacteria;Proteobacteria 57.6% 66.7% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota 28.3% 21.3% Bacteria;Planctomycetes 7.1% 6.0% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes 1.7% 0.9% Bacteria;Nitrospinae 0.5% 0.8% Bacteria;Acidobacteria 0.3% 0.6% Bacteria;Epsilonbacteraeota 1.5% 1.1% Bacteria;Bacteria unclassified 1.5% 0.4% Bacteria;Verrucomicrobia 0.4% 0.9% Bacteria;Nitrospirae 0.3% 0.2% Class level Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Gammaproteobacteria 54.6% 63.1% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota;Nitrososphaeria 28.3% 21.3% Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Alphaproteobacteria 2.5% 3.0% Bacteria;Planctomycetes;Planctomycetacia 5.1% 3.7% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes;Bacteroidia 1.7% 0.8% Bacteria;Nitrospinae;Nitrospinia 0.5% 0.8% Bacteria;Planctomycetes;OM190 0.7% 1.2% Bacteria;Planctomycetes;Phycisphaerae 1.0% 0.9% Bacteria;Epsilonbacteraeota;Campylobacteria 1.5% 1.1% Bacteria;Bacteria unclassified;Bacteria unclassified 1.5% 0.4% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Thioglobaceae unclassified 20.2% 20.5% Archaea;Nitrososphaeria;Nitrosopumilaceae unclassified 26.9% 14.0% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Methylomonaceae unclassified 18.0% 13.5% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;UBA10353 marine group 8.0% 14.6% Archaea;Nitrososphaeria;Candidatus Nitrosopumilus 0.7% 3.6% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Gammaproteobacteria unclassified 4.5% 7.2% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Thioglobaceae SUP05 cluster 0.5% 1.1% Bacteria;Alphaproteobacteria;Alphaproteobacteria unclassified 1.2% 1.0% Archaea;Nitrososphaeria;Nitrosopumilaceae 0.7% 3.8% Bacteria;Planctomycetes OM190 0.7% 1.2% Spinularia-Sycon dataset (Dataset 2) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Spinularia sp. Sycon sp. 028-S2.2 028-S2.3 030-S4 033-S1.1 033-S1.2 034-S2.1 034-S2.2 034-S2.3 034-S2.4 033-S1.3

57.1% 62.6% 65.7% 67.6% 42.7% 49.4% 52.4% 52.5% 60.3% 47.4% 31.5% 13.0% 20.1% 14.4% 36.6% 30.4% 30.8% 36.6% 26.6% 39.3% 5.6% 10.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.7% 7.3% 6.4% 4.3% 4.4% 0.9% 1.0% 3.6% 1.5% 1.7% 1.8% 2.1% 1.9% 0.7% 1.2% 9.4% 1.0% 2.1% 1.4% 2.0% 3.3% 2.7% 2.3% 1.8% 3.3% 1.5% 1.2% 2.4% 0.8% 1.1% 1.6% 1.8% 1.4% 0.9% 0.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.7% 0.8% 2.0% 0.4% 1.3% 0.8% 0.5% 1.3% 0.6% 0.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.6% 0.9% 0.8% 1.5% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.5% 0.9% 0.6% 1.0% 0.6% 1.5% 0.5% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.3% 0.9% 0.6% 0.5% 0.2% 0.0%

54.4% 56.0% 61.6% 63.5% 38.0% 44.1% 47.7% 48.7% 50.8% 42.9% 31.5% 13.0% 20.1% 14.4% 36.6% 30.4% 30.8% 36.6% 26.6% 39.3% 2.2% 5.5% 3.3% 3.2% 3.7% 4.3% 3.8% 3.0% 8.9% 4.1% 3.1% 5.9% 3.8% 3.9% 3.4% 3.2% 3.1% 2.0% 2.9% 0.2% 1.0% 3.5% 1.4% 1.6% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 0.7% 1.2% 9.4% 1.0% 2.1% 1.4% 2.0% 3.3% 2.7% 2.3% 1.8% 3.3% 1.5% 1.0% 1.7% 1.3% 1.4% 2.3% 1.9% 2.0% 1.3% 0.6% 0.2% 1.0% 1.5% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4% 0.8% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 0.3% 0.7% 0.8% 2.0% 0.4% 1.3% 0.8% 0.5% 1.3% 0.6% 0.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.6% 0.9% 0.8% 1.5% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) 29.4% 18.0% 36.3% 20.9% 5.4% 12.4% 18.3% 12.3% 13.9% 3.8% 28.9% 1.9% 14.9% 2.8% 29.7% 24.5% 25.8% 24.2% 8.0% 0.0% 1.6% 10.0% 15.1% 21.1% 10.0% 9.1% 6.5% 4.9% 6.5% 0.5% 12.3% 9.0% 0.4% 10.9% 9.9% 11.3% 12.5% 15.0% 7.3% 0.0% 1.8% 8.3% 3.2% 9.2% 5.6% 5.0% 3.9% 12.4% 17.3% 39.3% 4.6% 5.1% 3.9% 5.8% 7.2% 5.8% 6.1% 5.4% 3.5% 0.7% 1.2% 1.4% 1.0% 0.4% 0.9% 0.3% 0.3% 5.3% 13.6% 26.1% 0.9% 2.2% 1.3% 1.3% 1.7% 2.3% 2.3% 2.0% 7.3% 3.8% 0.8% 2.9% 2.1% 2.3% 1.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.1% 1.3% 0.0% 1.0% 1.7% 1.3% 1.4% 2.3% 1.9% 2.0% 1.3% 0.6% 0.2% dataset (Dataset 2) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Total

56.8% 27.4% 6.1% 2.3% 1.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5%

52.1% 27.4% 4.0% 3.4% 2.2% 1.9% 1.3% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8%

17.6% 16.8% 9.7% 9.3% 9.2% 5.0% 4.3% 2.3% 1.5% 1.3% Table S12. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Hestetun et al. (2016) dataset (Dataset 3) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Asbestopluma furcata 1_1-2 1_1-3 Phylum level Bacteria;Proteobacteria 93.4% 92.4% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes 5.8% 6.5% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota 0.1% 0.3% Bacteria;Tenericutes 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Marinimicrobia (SAR406 clade) 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Actinobacteria 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Verrucomicrobia 0.1% 0.0% Bacteria;Planctomycetes 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Nitrospinae 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Chloroflexi 0.0% 0.0% Class level Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Gammaproteobacteria 83.4% 81.3% Bacteria;Bacteroidetes;Bacteroidia 5.8% 6.5% Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Alphaproteobacteria 4.4% 10.0% Archaea;Thaumarchaeota;Nitrososphaeria 0.1% 0.3% Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Deltaproteobacteria 5.5% 1.0% Bacteria;Tenericutes;Mollicutes 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Marinimicrobia (SAR406 clade);Marinimicrobia (SAR406 clade 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Actinobacteria;Acidimicrobiia 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Verrucomicrobia;Verrucomicrobiae 0.1% 0.0% Bacteria;Nitrospinae;Nitrospinia 0.0% 0.0% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;UBA10353 marine group 23.2% 18.3% Bacteria;Bacteroidia;Flavobacteriaceae unclassified 5.1% 5.9% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Thioglobaceae SUP05 cluster 56.9% 59.5% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Thioglobaceae unclassified 1.1% 1.0% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Methylomonaceae unclassified 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Alphaproteobacteria;Rhodobacteraceae unclassified 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;OM182 clade 0.0% 0.0% Bacteria;Alphaproteobacteria;Roseobacter clade NAC11-7 lineage 0.5% 1.9% Archaea;Nitrososphaeria;Candidatus Nitrosopumilus 0.1% 0.3% Bacteria;Gammaproteobacteria;Methylophagaceae unclassified 0.0% 0.0%

References

Hestetun, J.T., Dahle, H., Jørgensen, S.L., Olsen, B.R., & Rapp, H.T. (2016) The microbiome and occurrence of methanotrophy in carnivorous sponges. Frontiers in Microbiology 7, 1781. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01781 Table S12. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Hestetun et al. (2016) dataset (Dataset 3) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Asbestopluma furcata Cl. abyss.Cl. cortico. Cladorhiza gelida Cladorhiza methanophila 2_2-9 1_1-4 1-5 1_2-10 2_2-11 2_2-12 2_2-13 1_2-1 1_2-2 1_2-3

90.8% 95.9% 95.7% 65.0% 81.6% 74.3% 49.4% 73.4% 76.4% 77.3% 8.6% 2.5% 2.5% 24.6% 8.9% 14.4% 46.3% 26.3% 23.3% 22.4% 0.1% 1.2% 1.4% 10.0% 8.1% 8.2% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 1.0% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

82.1% 95.0% 95.3% 3.0% 66.8% 51.5% 0.9% 62.3% 65.4% 67.7% 8.6% 2.5% 2.5% 24.6% 8.9% 14.4% 46.3% 26.3% 23.3% 22.4% 6.8% 0.9% 0.5% 61.5% 14.7% 22.8% 46.9% 7.6% 7.9% 6.9% 0.1% 1.2% 1.4% 10.0% 8.1% 8.2% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 3.2% 2.8% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 1.0% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Genus level (identifications are given as Kingdom;Class;Genus or lowest possible taxonomic designation) 13.1% 94.2% 94.6% 2.8% 65.8% 50.7% 0.6% 3.1% 3.3% 3.4% 7.3% 2.4% 2.5% 24.5% 8.9% 14.3% 46.2% 26.2% 23.2% 22.3% 66.7% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 24.4% 24.6% 22.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.0% 12.0% 15.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 50.8% 12.4% 19.3% 35.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.7% 15.0% 15.1% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 6.8% 7.0% 6.0% 0.1% 1.2% 1.4% 10.0% 8.1% 8.1% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 4.2% 4.8%

References

Hestetun, J.T., Dahle, H., Jørgensen, S.L., Olsen, B.R., & Rapp, H.T. (2016) The microbiome and occurrence of methanotrophy in carnivorous sponges. Frontiers in Microbiology 7, 1781. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01781 Table S12. Relative abundance of the 10 most common prokaryotes over the Hestetun et al. (2016) dataset (Dataset 3) at the phylum, class and genus level. Values over 5% are highlighted.

Cladorhiza methanophila Ly. cupress. Water Water Total 2_2-4 2_2-5 3_2-6 4_2-7 4_2-8 1_1-1 1_1-6 1_1-7

74.3% 75.6% 75.1% 77.3% 76.5% 42.1% 40.1% 42.6% 73.5% 25.4% 24.2% 24.4% 22.4% 23.3% 55.6% 10.2% 10.6% 19.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 16.7% 9.4% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.6% 20.2% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.9% 5.8% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 3.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 1.5% 1.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 2.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 1.4% 0.1%

63.2% 62.9% 60.7% 68.0% 68.8% 13.7% 28.4% 29.7% 57.5% 25.4% 24.2% 24.4% 22.4% 23.3% 55.6% 10.1% 10.6% 19.4% 9.1% 11.7% 13.4% 7.0% 5.7% 28.0% 4.2% 4.7% 13.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 16.7% 9.4% 3.0% 2.0% 0.9% 1.0% 2.1% 1.7% 0.4% 7.4% 8.2% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.6% 20.2% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.9% 5.8% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 3.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 1.5% 1.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%

3.9% 2.2% 2.4% 7.2% 7.0% 1.1% 0.9% 1.0% 19.9% 25.3% 24.1% 24.3% 22.4% 23.3% 52.1% 2.7% 2.4% 18.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8% 7.7% 8.7% 10.3% 17.6% 15.0% 15.7% 29.2% 29.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 19.0% 22.8% 21.7% 17.0% 17.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 7.0% 0.5% 0.5% 6.4% 9.4% 11.2% 8.8% 1.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.6% 0.5% 3.9% 7.8% 10.2% 10.6% 4.8% 4.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 14.0% 7.6% 2.8% 6.8% 6.7% 7.5% 9.9% 9.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6%

References