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May/June 1994 Vol. XIX No. 3 = s^s rz n:ms^ U.S. Department of the Interior Technical Bulletin Fish and Wildlife Service United States Imposes Limited Trade Sanctions on Taiwan for Continued Trade in Endangered Species For the first time, the United States has imposed trade sanctions on an- other country to penalize trade in critically endangered wildlife. On April 4, President Clinton announced his decision to restrict the importation of wildlife products from Taiwan, which last year totalled approximately $22 million in value. The primary rea- son cited in the announcement was Taiwan's insufficient progress in con- trolling its trade in products made from tigers (Panthera tigris) and various rhinoceros species. Although the People's Republic of China also had been warned about possible sanctions, the U.S. decided not to impose sanc- tions at this time because of progress in China's enforcement of laws outlawing the trade. Tigers and rhinoceroses face a dire outlook in the wild. The most immedi- ate and dangerous threat to these species is poaching to satisfy the market in their parts and products, which are used ex- tensively in traditional Asian medicines. At the turn ol the century, the world's population of tigers stood at about 100,000, but the number has plum- meted to only 5,000. Three of the eight subspecies are already extinct, and the largest of all living cats — the Siberian tiger (P. t. altaica) — may be lost soon. Global rhinoceros populations have fallen even more precipitously, from over 100,000 in 1970 to fewer than 10,000 today. The U.S. Fish and Tigers are worth thousands of dollars on the black market, where their parts are sold for use in traditional Asian medicines. The United States hopes that economic sanctions will help to control the trade in tigers and other endangered wildlife. (continued on page 10) 1 ENDANGERED SPECIES TECHNICAL BULLETIN Vol. XIX No. 3 (1994) Population and Habitat Viability Analysis Workshop was held May 23- 25, 1994, in Austin, Texas, to combine the resources of, among others, the National Fish and Wildlife Founda- tion, the Lower Colorado River Authority, and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The goal is a revised recovery plan that will lay the biologi- cal groundwork for habitat conservation planning. The FWS recently conducted two public meetings in Bastrop County, Texas, to discuss ways protect the toad Regional endangered species contacts 3-day seminar of public and private while allowing development of a grow- have reported the following news: organizations to focus on consensus- ing community. Region 2 - The Houston toad {Bufo building to promote the survival and ***** houstonensis) will be the subject of a recovery of this Endangered species. A The U.S. Whooping Crane Recov- ery Team met in Rockport, Texas, on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2, P.O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, NM February 24 and 25, 1994 to review its Washington, D.C. 20240 87103 (505-766-2321); John G. Rogers, Re- gional Director. James A. Young, Assist- progress. Steve Nesbitt of the Florida Mollie Beattie ant Regional Director; Susan MacMullin, Director Game and Fresh Water Fish Commis- Endangered Species Specialist. (202-208-4717) sion reported on the whooping crane Region 3, Federal BIdg., Fort Snelllng, Twin reintroduction experiment at Florida's Michael J. Spear, Cities, MN 55111 (612-725-3500); Sam Kissimmee Prairie. Twelve of the 25 re- Assistarit Director for Mar\er, Regional Director; Johr]B\an\{enshtp, Ecological Services Assistant Regional Director; Bob Adair, leased birds survive, and another 8 (202-208-4646) Endangered Species Specialist. birds are scheduled for shipment to Jamie Rappaport Clark, Chief. Region 4, 1875 Century Blvd., Suite 200, At- Florida in March. A male and female Division of Endangered Species lanta, GA 30345 (404-679-4000); James W. released as juveniles in February 1993 (703-358-2171) Pulliam, Regional D/recfor; Tom Olds, /4s- have exhibited the characteristics of su- sistant Regional Director; David Flemming, Marshall P. Jones, Chief. Endangered Species Specialist. badult pair bonding, including Office of Management Authority copulation. Although the earliest egg (703-358-2093) Region 5, 300 Westgate Center Drive, Hadley, MA 01035 (413-253-8659); Ronald E. production is not expected until 1995, Lambertson, Regional Director; Ralph TECHNICAL BULLETIN when the birds are 3 years old, this be- Pisapia, Assistant Regional Director; Paul Editor. Michael Bender Nickerson, Endangered Species Specialist. havior is encouraging because it was Assistant Editor. Ann Haas not observed between whooping cranes (703-358-2390) Region 6, P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal cross-fostered in the Rocky Mountains. (FAX 703-358-1735) Center; Denver, CO 80225 (303-236-7920); Ralph O. Morgenweck, Regional Director; The Team recommended continuing Regional Offices Robert E. Jacobsen, Assistant Regional the experimental release in Florida for Region 1, Eastside Federal Complex, 911 Director; Larry Shanks, Endangered Spe- N.S.I 1th Avenue, Portland, OR 97232- cies Specialist. another year, and it expressed support 4181 (503-231-6118); Marvin Plenert, for changes in captive rearing and wild Regional Director; Dale Hall, Assistant Region 7, 1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, AK Regional Director; Cindy Barry, Jim Bartel, 99503 (907-786-3542); Walter O. Stieglitz, release techniques designed to reduce and Vicl<i Finn, Endangered Species Spe- Regional Director; Janet Hohn, Assistant losses from bobcat predation. Cranes cialists. Regional Director; Dave McGillivary, Endan- gered Species Specialist. will be trained to roost in water as chicks, and captive-reared bobcats will U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions be used to teach the birds to avoid Region 1: California, Hawaii. Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington. American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Pacific Trust Territories. Region 2; Arizona, New [Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Region 3: Illinois, Indiana, predators. Iowa, fvlichigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Region 4: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky. Louisiana, Mississippi. Norlh Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Region 5: Connecticut. Delaware. The Team meeting included a field District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts. New Hampshire, New Jersey. New York. Pennsylvania, Rhode Island. trip to Aransas National Wildlife Ref- Vermont. Virginia, and West Virginia. Region 6: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota. South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. Region 7: Alaska. uge on the Texas coast to view the whooping cranes, as well as activities Printed with vegetable-based Ink on recycled and recyclable paper. If you do such as shoreline armoring to halt not keep back issues, please recycle the paper, pass them along lO an interested person, or donate them to a local school or library. (continued on page 20) 2 ENDANGERED SPECIES TECHNICAL BULLETIN Vol. XIX No. 3 (1994) Controlling International Trade in Endangered Species by Marshall Jones This issue of the Endangered Species While these activities continue, the by an estimated 3,000 delegates from Technical Bulletin details international Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing all over the world. Future editions of efforts, stretching from Washington, to serve as host for the next CITES the Bulletin will address these issues as D.C., to Russia, China, and Taiwan, to Conference of the Parties in Ft. Lau- the meeting grows closer. protect the world's dwindling popula- derdale, Florida, in November 1994. tions of tigers and rhinoceroses. But Issues involving not only tigers and Marshall Jones is Chief of the Fish and Wildlife Service Office of CITES Management Authority. there is more to the story of our con- rhinos, but also minke whales, African He also Chairs the Interagency Coordinating elephants, box turtles, crocodiles, ma- tinuing fight to end harmful trade in Committee involved in the November Conference endangered wildlife occurring outside rine fishes, tropical timber, and many of the Parties in Florida. U.S. borders. Some examples include: other wildlife resources will be debated • On February 28, the Fish and m Wildlife Service's Office of CITES Management Authority initiated another Pelly Amendment review of trade in Asiatic black and brown bears, g Malayan sun bears, sloth bears, clouded and snow leopards, gibbons, and orangutans, all of which reportedly pass through some of the m same markets as tiger bone and rhino horn. A decision on what further action is needed, if any, is pending. • Dialog with CITES authorities in the Republic of Korea continues regarding our expectations of Korea's continued progress in implementing CITES and eliminating the tiger parts trade in that country. Korea now appears to have the largest stockpile of tiger bone. Under threat of Pelly certification, Korea ended a decade- long holdout and joined CITES in June 1993, but progress has slowed The World Wildlife Fund estimates that the population of the black rhino has fallen to fewer since then. than 2,000, due primarily to poaching for the animal's horn. • We are cooperating with the CITES Secretariat in efforts to convince "The Power of Pelly": Middle Eastern countries (Yemen, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates) FWS Director Mollie Beattle, testifying May 17 before the House Committee on to stop the trade in rhino horn dagger Merchant Marine and Fisheries, expressed support for the "spirit and intent" of handles, and Southeast Asian countries H.R. 3987, the Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act of 1994, a bill co- (Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Laos) to sponsored by Congressman Jack Fields (R-TX) and Congressman Anthony stop the movement of tigers, leopards, Beilenson (D-CA), and its Senate counterpart, sponsored by James Jeffords orangutans, and other endangered (R-VT). H.R. 3987 would establish a rhino and tiger conservation fund, as well species through their markets. One as institute a new review of countries involved in the trade of these seriously result of these efforts is Viet Nam's endangered animals.
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