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TEACHER’S GUIDE Passamaquoddy History & Culture: A Traveling Teaching Kit for Grades 5-8 Saint Croix Island International Historic Site US National Park Service • Abbe Museum 2005 Welcome Thank you for choosing Passamaquoddy History and Culture: A Traveling Teaching Kit for Grades 5-8. The National Park Service and the Abbe Museum collaborated to create this traveling kit. This hands-on kit uses student-centered activities and tactile elements to introduce students to the richness of Passamaquoddy culture and history. This kit does not attempt to fully teach all of Passamaquoddy history. Rather, these lessons and activities should be used as an introduction that will hopefully inspire you and your students to learn more about Passamaquoddy and other Wabanaki history. We hope that you and your students enjoy using this kit and that you begin to look at Passamaquoddy history in a whole new way. Acknowledgements Special thanks to Joseph A. Nicholas, whose idea it was to create this kit dedicated to the history of the Passamaquoddy people. Thanks also to the staff at the Wapohnaki Museum at Sipayik, especially Dolly Apt and David A. Francis; Robert M. Leavitt, Director, Mi’kmaq-Maliseet Institute, University of New Brunswick; Donald Soctomah, Passamaquoddy Tribal Historic Preservation Officer;Martin Dana, David A. Francis, Jeremy Frey, Alison Lewey, Elizabeth Neptune,Wayne Newell, Donald Soctomah, and Madonna Soctomah for their openness in sharing their life stories for this kit; Teachers Donna Gagnon, Indian Township School, and Lori LaCombe-Burby and Lee Birmingham, Old Town Middle School; Michael Marion and Joshua Torrance. Funding for this project provided by the “Parks as Classrooms” program. ���� ������ ��� ������� ����� IN THIS KIT Introduction: Welcome and Acknowledgements Make this Kit Work for You About Healing Woods Lesson 1: 12,000 Years: A Passamaquoddy Timeline Background information Conversions reproducible worksheet Creating a Timeline reproducible worksheet Timeline Template #1 Timeline Template #2 Timeline Template #3 Teacher’s Guide to Dates and Measurements Answer Key to Conversions worksheet Sample Timeline Teacher’s Guide to Contact Period Lesson 2: Art Everyday—Artifacts! Meet Donald Soctomah, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer Background information Artifact casts Reading an Artifact reproducible worksheet Artifact catalogue Lesson 3: Ash and Birchbark: The As and Bs of Traditional Baskets Meet Jeremy Frey, Basketmaker Background information Basket Research reproducible worksheet Parts of a Basket and Basket Weave laminated pages Classroom Basket Worksheet: for teacher use Fancy, birchbark and work baskets Samples of basketry materials: ash strips, sweetgrass braid, piece of birchbark Photos of Minnie Fouts and Moccasins made by Minnie Fouts (optional assesment) Lesson 4: Tomah Joseph: A Traditional Passamaquoddy Birchbark Artist Reproducible Tomah Joseph focus worksheets: Log Holder, Picture Frame, Magazine Holder, Handkerchief Box Photos of four Tomah Joseph objects Teacher’s Guide to Focus Worksheets Lesson 5: Connections to the Land: Resources and Practices Meet Martin Dana, Asst. Director, Environmental Department, Indian Township Background information Resources and Practices reproducible worksheet Resource Bag containing Moose Hide, Hare Hide, Feathers, Birchbark, Spruce Root, Chert Core, Arrowhead, Other Stone, Ash Splint, Cedar Bark, Bone Harpoon, Bone Awl, Sinew, Sweetgrass Braid, Cattail Cordage Possible Uses laminated cards Lesson 6: Learning From Stories Meet David A. Francis & Madonna Soctomah, Passamaquoddy Language Educators Background information Audio CD of The Little Spark and the Little Mouse Reproducible transcription of The Little Spark and the Little Mouse Koluskap and the Windmaker story reproducible worksheet Reproducible Traditional Stories focus worksheet Lesson 7: Trading Places Meet Alison Lewey, Creator & Owner of Lewey’s Eco-Blends ™ Background information Trade Photos Trading Needs reproducible worksheet Exchange Rates laminated worksheets Trading Map and Mapping Your Travels reproducible worksheets Wabanaki Homelands laminated map Wabanaki Homelands reproducible worksheet Trading Outcomes reproducible worksheet (Extension) European Trade Cards (Extension) Lesson 8: Epidemics: A Story of Loss Meet Elizabeth Neptune, Director, Indian Township Health Center Background information Community Background Information worksheet Community Member Profile reproducible worksheets Impacts of Disease reproducible worksheet Family Identificationpieces Lesson 9: Talking Politics Meet Wayne Newell, Educator, Native Scholar and Director of the Indian Township Bilingual Program Background information Audio CD of recording of the 2002 Speech Made by Governor Doyle and the 1887 Speech Made by Lewis Mitchell 2002 Speech Made by Governor Doyle reproducible worksheet 1887 Speech Made by Lewis Mitchell reproducible worksheet Sample T Chart for teacher use Major Points for teacher use Final Assessment Purchasing Information for Kit Objects Teacher Evaluation Contact Information Additional Resources Video: Our Stories: The Healing Woods, Indian Township, Maine, MPBN (1998) Resource book: The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes, American Friends Service Committee (1989) Make this Kit Work for You This kit has been designed to meet Maine Learning Results in grades 5-8 but is easily modifi able for use in other grade levels. We suggest that the lessons in this kit be worked through sequentially; however, each lesson has been developed to stand on its own and/or be infused into other classroom units. We encourage all modifi cations that engage students and develop understanding. However, please evaluate any other activities you may develop (such as crafts, recreated feasts, or role playing) to make sure they do not perpetuate myths and/or cultural stereotypes. Check Out All of the Resources Background Information Each lesson includes important background information about the subject of the lesson. Before beginning each lesson, we suggest teachers read and share this information with their students. Teachers can also reproduce the background information and distribute it to students. Following each background essay, you will fi nd a list of references used to compile the information, and in some cases, a bibliography of additional resources. We encourage teachers to use these valuable lists for further study. Biographies Each lesson begins with a short biography of a contemporary Passamaquoddy person. These biographies give students the opportunity to learn about and appreciate Passamaquoddy people today. Before beginning each lesson, we suggest teachers share the information aloud with students and then post the laminated versions in the classroom for students to reference during the lessons. Teachers can also reproduce the biographies to distribute to students. Healing Woods Video Watching Healing Woods will give your students another important opportunity to learn about and appreciate Passamaquoddy life and people today. Healing Woods refl ects and reinforces many of the key concepts taught in the kit and will make the lessons come alive for your students. The video runs about an hour. We suggest you show this video in shorter segments, staggered throughout the course of the kit. For your convenience, we have included paragraph descriptions and the start and fi nish times of each 15-20 minute segment. For more information about the content in each segment, refer to the sheet titled “About Healing Woods.” The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritime Resource Book We suggest teachers use the lessons, activities and other information in the Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes resource book to supplement the primary lessons in the Passamaquoddy History and Culture kit. Download this Kit If you do not have enough time to complete the kit or wish to build your own for future classroom use, the background information, lessons, worksheets and a list of the kit objects with purchasing information may be downloaded in PDF format from the following websites: http://www.nps.gov/acad/ or http://www.nps.gov/sacr. LESSON 1: 12,000 Years: A Passamaquoddy Timeline OBJECTIVES: • To investigate selected cultural changes and historical events of the Passamaquoddy Tribe. • To understand the concept of scale and apply it by designing, creating and interpreting a timeline for the Passamaquoddy Tribe. • To compare the timeframe of the Passamaquoddy Tribe’s existence with other historical timeframes. ALIGNMENT WITH THE MAINE STATE LEARNING RESULTS: HISTORY: Chronology 1. Identify the sequence of major events and people in the history of Maine, the United States, and selected world civilizations. 2. Trace simultaneous events in various parts of the world during a specific era. MATHEMATICS: Measurement 1. Demonstrate the structure and use of systems of measurement. VOCABULARY OVERVIEW: Students will design a timeline to scale incorporating important Scale events from world and Passamaquoddy history. After initial A proportion between two construction of a timeline and the placement of selected sets of dimensions. increments and events, students will continue to place events relevant to the subject matter covered in subsequent lessons Metric System A system of weights and throughout the use of this kit. measures based on a unit of length, called the meter, and a unit of mass, called the kilogram. 1⁄2 TIME REQUIRED: 1 hour Centimeter A unit of measurement equal to one hundredth of a meter. MATERIALS: Millimeter A unit of measurement