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Index: Rich People Poor Countries: the Rise of Emerging-Market

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Index: Rich People Poor Countries: the Rise of Emerging-Market Index advanced countries. See also specific country transition matrices, 134–35, 136t age of firms in, 131–33, 132t, 133f AEG, 70 displacement of firms in, 94–96 Africa foreign direct investment, 96, 96f size of firms in, 59 globalization and, 107t, 107–11 sources of wealth in, 31, 44–45 inequality in, 145–61 superrich in, 34t, 34–45, 35f, 37t–41t, philanthropy in, 175–77 44–45 resource allocation in, 53 age size of firms in, 55–56, 56f of firms, 130–34, 132t unproductive wealth in, 172–80 of superrich, 7–8, 127–30, 129f, 130f wealth distribution in, 157–160, 159f, Alakija, Foloronsho, 17, 125 159t Alekporov, Vagit, 24 advanced-country billionaires. See also Alibaba, 1, 31, 53, 63, 108 specific person Allianz, 70 admiration of, 145 allocative efficiency. See resource allocation age of, 127–28, 129f, 130f Almarai, 44 female, 118, 119t–122t Altrad, Mohed, 44 list of, 113t–114t Amazon, 53, 131 number of Ambani, Mukesh, 50 versus emerging markets, 21, 22f–23f Ambev, 96 by region, 34t, 34–45, 35f, 37t–41t American Airlines, 176 by sector, 32–34, 33t, 39t–41t American Tobacco, 72 real net worth, 32, 32f Angelini Group, 126 sources of wealth, 2–3, 16–29 (See also Angelini Rossi, Patricia, 126 inherited wealth; self-made wealth) Angelini Rossi, Roberto, 126 versus emerging markets, 27, 28t, Anglo countries. See also specific country 34–45 inequality in, 150–51 stability index, 136–38, 137t–138t superrich in, 34t, 34–45, 35f, 37t–41t 189 © Peterson Institute for International Economics | www.piie.com http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/7038.html Anheuser-Busch, 53, 72 development in, 71f, 71–72 Apple, 62, 105, 105t, 106f employees per firm in, 87, 88f Arab Spring, 156–57 mega firms in, 65, 66f, 67 Arango, Jeronimo, 87 philanthropy in, 177 Arcelik, 2 sources of wealth in, 41–43, 42t Argentina, 79 Brito, Carlos, 96 Arnall, Sue Ann, 25 Buffett, Warren, 62, 145 Asia. See also specific country Burch, Tory, 125 crony capitalism in, 77–78, 81 bureaucracy, 164–65 globalized firms in, 108 business climate, 9, 163–72 size of firms in, 75–79 business networks, 123–24 sources of wealth in, 31, 35–36, 45 Byanyima, Winnie, 15 superrich in, 34, 34t, 35f, 35–36, 37t–41t, 45 Cadogan Estates, 131n Association of Southeast Asian Nations Calderon Rojas, Francisco, 87 (ASEAN), 36 Calderon Rojas, Jose, 87 Aventis (Hoechst), 69 California Packing (Del Monte), 72 Campbell Soup, 73 Baidu, 35, 63, 94, 108 capital Bangladesh, 88 allocation of (See resource allocation) BASF, 69, 70 returns to, 100–101 Bayer, 69, 70 capitalism, 86 Bayer, Friedrich, 70 capital markets, development of, 171–72 Ben Ali, 80–81 Caraco Pharma, 101 Benetton, Giuliana, 125 Carlsberg, 74 Benz, Karl, 70 Carnegie, Andrew, 72, 173, 176, 178 Bermuda, 173 Carrefour, 80 Bestseller, 75 Carter, Amon, 176 Botelho, Mauricio, 171 Casino, 80 Bettencourt, Liliane, 18, 118 Celtel, 44 Bharat Forge, 50–51 Cencosud, 80, 87 big firms. See mega firms CEOs, 62–65 billionaire class. See superrich Cevital, 44 Birkeland, Kristian, 75 chaebol, 76, 86, 168 Blakely, Sara, 120, 125 Chandler, Alfred, 6 Blavatnik, Leonard, 177 Chang, Leslie, 88 Bombardier, 171 Chang Yun Chung, 77 Bozano, Julio, 171 Chan Laiwa, 118 Brazil Chapman, James, 176 despachante, 165 Chaudhary, Binod, 45 development in, 71f, 71–72 Cheezheng Tibetan Medicine, 117 employees per firm in, 87, 88f Chen, Leo, 127 industrial policy in, 170–71 Chery, 78–79 mega firms in, 65, 66f, 67 Cheung Yan, 35 philanthropy in, 177 Chile, 80, 102–103 regulation in, 165 China sources of wealth in, 41, 42t banking sector in, 94 BRF, 87 competition policy in, 83 BRICS countries. See also specific country crony capitalism in, 77–78 190 RICH PEOPLE POOR COUNTRIES © Peterson Institute for International Economics | www.piie.com http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/7038.html development in, 71–72, 71f–72f, 167 Dangote, Aliko, 44 employees per firm in, 87, 88f death of CEO, 64 globalization and, 108 Del Monte (California Packing), 72 inequality in, 150–51 democracy, 85–86 insurance industry in, 83 Denmark, 74–75 mega firms in, 65–67, 66f, 77–79, 78t despachante, 165 philanthropy in, 177 developed countries. See advanced countries private sector in, 66 developing countries. See emerging markets size of firms in, 58, 58f development superrich in, 35–36 history of (See historical experiences) company leaders, 63 inequality and (See inequality) female, 117–18, 121t, 124 philanthropy in, 176 sources of wealth, 42t promotion of, 163–72 turnover of, 137–38 role of wealth in, 3–7, 49–52, 82–86, 97f, Cho, Heather, 143–44 97–98 Cifra, 87 size of firms and, 49–52, 57–58, 58f, Coca-Cola, 72 74–79 Cohen, Steven, 26 stages of, 71–72 Collins, Edward, 72 structural transformation (See structural Coloplast, 75 transformation) communication technology, 16–17 trade correlation, 110f, 110–11 communism, 70 Diana Project, 123 Compania Manufacturera de Papeles y discrimination, gender, 120–24 Cartones (CMPC), 102–103, 103f Dominican Republic, 168 company executives. See executives Duke, James B., 72 company founders, 23–24. See also specific person ease of entry, 9, 164–65 in advanced countries, 16 East Hope Group, 78 distribution of, 27, 28t eBay, 131 in emerging markets, 1–3, 16, 36 ECCO, 75 female, 119, 121t–122t economic development. See development versus inherited wealth, 20–22 Economist’s Big Mac index, 166n job creation by, 91–93, 93t Egypt, 156 political connections of, 23–24 Embraer, 170–71 regional differences, 31, 34–45, 37t–38t emerging markets. See also specific country company leaders, 62–65 age of firms in, 130–34, 132t, 133f, 134f comparative advantage, 62n aversion to large firms in, 54 competition, 51–52, 79–84, 94–96, 168 development in (See development) concessional financing, 9 foreign direct investment, 96, 96f Corporate Knights’ sustainable companies globalization and, 107t, 107–11 list, 63 inequality in, 145–61 corruption, 26–27 mega firms in, 65–67, 66f Costa Rica, 167, 168 philanthropy in, 176–78 crony capitalism, 10, 54, 77–78, 81 resource allocation in, 53 Cullen, Hugh Roy, 176 share of superrich in, 89, 89t unproductive wealth in, 172–80 Daewoo, 76 wealth distribution in, 158–60, 159f, 159t Daimler, Gottlieb, 70 emerging-market billionaires. See also specific Daimler Benz, 70 person INDEX 191 © Peterson Institute for International Economics | www.piie.com http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/7038.html admiration of, 145 executives, 24 age of, 127–30, 129f, 130f distribution of, 27, 28t female, 117–19, 119t–122t job creation, 91–93, 93t job creation, 91–93, 93t regional differences, 37t–38t list of, 113t–114t exports. See also trade number of, 2–3, 6, 7f size of firms and, 60–62, 61f versus advanced countries, 21, superrich correlation, 108, 108f 22f–23f extreme wealth. See superrich by region, 34t, 34–45, 35f, 37t–41t Exxon, 72 by sector, 32–34, 33t, 39t–41t real net worth, 32, 32f Facebook, 17, 24, 108, 127 role in economic development, 3–7, female billionaires, 7–8, 117–26 49–52 barriers for, 120–24 sources of wealth, 2–3, 16–29 (See also in China, 117–18, 121t, 124 inherited wealth; self-made wealth) example of, 117 versus advanced countries, 27, 28t, inherited wealth, 118, 119t, 125–26 34–45 by region, 121t–122t stability index, 136–38, 137t–138t resource allocation and, 124 transition matrices, 134–35, 136t by sector, 118–19, 120t versus US robber barons, 73, 74t, 83 sources of wealth, 118–19, 120t employment support for, 125 effect of mega firms on, 87–88, 88f Femsa, 87 job creation, 51, 60, 91–93, 93t financial sector billionaires size of firms and, 55–57, 56f–57f, 60 distribution and wealth of, 26–27, 28t, structural transformation and, 89–91, 31, 33, 33t 90f female, 118–19, 120t wages, 100–101 regional differences, 34–45, 37t–38t energy price, 25f, 25–26 sources of wealth, 179, 179t Engelhorn, Friedrich, 70 unproductive wealth of, 178–79 entrepreneurship. See also company financial systems, 171–72 founders Financial Times (FT) Emerging Market 500 promotion of, 163–72 list, 50, 66, 87, 91 as source of wealth, 16–17 Financial Times (FT) Global 500 list, 87, 88f equity, promotion of, 163–80 financing estate taxes access to, 123–24, 171–72 per capita GDP and, 174f, 174–75 concessional, 9 philanthropy promoted by, 175–78 firm entry, 9, 164–65 raising or imposing, 172–75 firm size, 52–67. See also mega firms; specific wealth correlation, 175, 175f company Europe. See also specific country in advanced countries, 55–56, 56f age of firms in, 130–31 company management and, 62–65 female billionaires in, 121t by country, 77, 78t globalized firms in, 108 economic development correlation, philanthropy in, 176 49–52, 57–58, 58f, 74–79 property rights in, 84 exporting, 60–62, 61f size of firms in, 55–56, 56f, 60–61, 74–75 growth-employment correlation, 57, 57f sources of wealth in, 31, 42 lists of largest companies, 3 superrich in, 34, 34t, 35f, 37t–41t, 41–43 mid-sized firms, 58–60 exchange rate, 166–67 superrich correlation, 66, 67f 192 RICH PEOPLE POOR COUNTRIES © Peterson Institute for International Economics | www.piie.com http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/7038.html wealth and, 70–73, 81–82 talent differences, 100–101 Fontbona, Iris, 118 trickle-down wealth, 105, 105t, 106f Forbes Global 2000 list, 3, 49–50, 66, 67f, 94 GM, 53 Forbes measures of inequality, 153, 155 Goi, Sam, 63, 98 Forbes World’s Billionaires List, 3, 10, Gonda Rivera, Eva, 87, 118 19–20, 107, 130 Google, 108 Ford, 72 Gou, Terry, 31, 50 foreign direct investment (FDI), 96, 96f, government connections.
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