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Nokia Oyjn Arvonmääritys.Pdf (962.3Kt) Nokia Oyj:n arvonmääritys Jarkko Ruotsalainen 17.03.2021 Tiivistelmä Tekijä(t) Jarkko Ruotsalainen Koulutusohjelma Liiketalous Raportin/Opinnäytetyön nimi Sivu- ja liitesi- Nokia Oyj:n arvonmääritys vumäärä 62 + 10 Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on määritellä teoreettinen arvo Nokia Oyj:lle. Arvonmääritysme- netelminä käytetään tuotto- ja markkina-arvomenetelmää. Nokian liiketoiminnan ollessa hyvin laaja-alainen, tullaan yrityksen liiketoimintaa analysoimaan ja käsittelemään seg- menttikohtaisesti. Liiketoiminnan segmentit ovat Networks, Software ja Technologies. Tämä opinnäytetyö on kvantitatiivinen tutkimustyö. Työn tietoperusteena käytetään am- mattikirjallisuutta, finanssialan sivustoja, ajankohtaisia artikkeleita sekä Nokian ja verrok- kiyritysten vuosi- ja kvartaaliraportteja. Verrokkiyrityksinä arvonmäärityksessä käytetään Ericssonia, ZTE:tä ja Ciscoa. Työssä hyödynnettävien Nokian tilinpäätösten ajanjakso on rajattu pääosin vuosille 2015–2020. Nokian liiketoiminnan historian vaiheita tarkastellaan, jonka jälkeen edetään segmenttikoh- taisiin analyyseihin. Segmenttejä tarkastellaan niin liiketoiminnallisesta kuin strategisesta- kin näkökulmasta. Analyysien jälkeen siirrytään liiketoiminnan arvonmääritykseen. Arvon- määrityksen tuloksena saatiin Nokian liiketoiminnan arvoksi tuottoarvomenetelmällä 48,7 miljardia euroa ja markkina-arvomenetelmällä 18,6–37,3 miljardia euroa. Arvonmääritysestä saatuja arvoja tarkastellaan ja analysoidaan. Analysoinnin pohjalta koostetaan yhteenveto työstä. Opinnäytetyö päätetään tekijän johtopäätöksiin, oppimisen arviointiin sekä kehitys- ja jatkotutkimusehdotuksiin. Asiasanat Arvonmääritys, Nokia Oyj, tuottoarvo, markkina-arvo Sisällys 1 Johdanto ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Tutkimuksen tavoitteet .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Opinnäytetyön rakenne ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Keskeiset käsitteet ................................................................................................ 2 2 Yrityksen arvonmääritys ................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Arvonmäärityksen eteneminen .............................................................................. 4 2.2 Sijoitusympäristö ................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Strateginen analyysi .............................................................................................. 6 2.4 Liiketoiminta analyysi ............................................................................................ 7 2.5 Tuottoarvomenetelmät .......................................................................................... 8 2.5.1 Tuottovaatimus .......................................................................................... 9 2.5.2 Oman pääoman tuottovaatimus ............................................................... 10 2.5.3 Vieraan pääoman tuottovaatimus ............................................................. 11 2.5.4 Koko pääoman tuottovaatimus ................................................................. 11 2.5.5 Liiketoiminnan kassavirrat ........................................................................ 12 2.5.6 Terminaaliarvo ......................................................................................... 14 2.5.7 Nykyarvo .................................................................................................. 14 2.6 Markkina-arvomenetelmät ................................................................................... 15 2.6.1 Verrokkiyritysten valinta ........................................................................... 15 2.6.2 Yrityksen analysointi ja oikaisut ................................................................ 16 2.6.3 Arvostuksen lisäkysymykset ja yhteenveto ............................................... 17 2.7 Arvonmäärityksen analysointi .............................................................................. 17 3 Nokia Oyj .................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Nokian historia .................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Matkapuhelinliiketoiminnan vaiheet ..................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Nokia 1980- ja 1990-luvulla ...................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Matkapuhelinliiketoiminta 2000-luvun alussa ............................................ 24 3.2.3 Muutokset matkapuhelinliiketoiminnassa ................................................. 25 4 Arvonmääritys Nokia Oyj:lle ........................................................................................ 28 4.1 Sijoitusympäristö ................................................................................................. 28 4.2 Nokian vakavaraisuus ......................................................................................... 30 4.3 Liiketoiminta-analyysi .......................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Nokia Networks ........................................................................................ 34 4.3.2 Nokia Software ......................................................................................... 37 4.3.3 Nokia Technologies .................................................................................. 39 4.4 Strateginen analyysi ............................................................................................ 42 4.4.1 Nokia Networks ........................................................................................ 43 4.4.2 Nokia Software ......................................................................................... 44 4.4.3 Nokia Technologies .................................................................................. 44 4.5 Tuottovaatimus ................................................................................................... 46 4.6 Tuottoarvomenetelmä ......................................................................................... 47 4.6.1 Nokia Networks ........................................................................................ 49 4.6.2 Nokia Software ......................................................................................... 49 4.6.3 Nokia Technologies .................................................................................. 50 4.7 Markkina-arvo menetelmä ................................................................................... 51 4.7.1 Ericssonin liiketoiminta ............................................................................. 52 4.7.2 ZTE:n liiketoiminta .................................................................................... 53 4.7.3 Ciscon liiketoiminta .................................................................................. 53 4.7.4 Tunnuslukuihin suhteutettu arvon muodostuminen ................................... 54 4.7.5 Nokian segmenttikohtainen likvidointi arvostus ........................................ 56 5 Tutkimuksen analysointi .............................................................................................. 58 5.1 Yhteenveto .......................................................................................................... 59 5.2 Tutkimuksen luotettavuus ................................................................................... 60 5.3 Arviointi ja kehitysehdotukset .............................................................................. 60 5.4 Johtopäätökset.................................................................................................... 61 Lähteet ............................................................................................................................ 63 Liitteet .............................................................................................................................. 67 1 Johdanto Tässä opinnäytetyössä suoritetaan arvonmääritys yritykselle Nokia Oyj. Aihe valikoitui kiinnostuksestani arvonmääritystä kohtaan ja kohdeyritykseksi valikoitui Nokia, koska ha- luan tutkia sekä oppia ymmärtämään yrityksen liiketoiminnan rakennetta. Nokian merkitystä yrityksenä voidaan pitää suomalaisille tärkeänä, sillä se oli aikanaan Suomen ylpeyden aihe, suomalaisten oma kruunun jalokivi. 1865-luvulta lähtien Nokia on toiminut hyvin monella eri toimialalla aina kumisaappaista matkapuhelinten ykkösnimeksi. Vuonna 2013 Nokia luopui matkapuhelinbisneksestä myydessään sen Microsoftille. Tänä päivänä Nokia on teknologiayritys, joka keskittyy verkkoliiketoimintaan sekä teknologisiin innovaatioihin verkkoliiketoiminnan sektorilla. Tässä työssä käydään läpi arvonmäärityksen teoriaa sekä tutustutaan kahteen arvonmää- ritysmenetelmään. Käsiteltävät menetelmät ovat niin sanottuja tuottoarvo- ja markkina-ar- vomenetelmiä. Tuottoarvomenetelmä pohjautuu yrityksen tulevaisuuden kassavirtojen ny- kyarvoon, ja markkina-arvomenetelmä nojautuu samankaltaisten yritysten kanssa vertai- luun. Opinnäytetyön tutkimusosion ajanjakso, jossa Nokian historiallisia tietoja käsitellään, on rajattu vuosille 2015–2020. Koska Nokian liiketoiminta on hyvin monipuolista, tullaan yri- tyksen liiketoimintaa analysoimaan segmenteittäin.
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