Ehretia Cymosa Boraginaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Ehretia cymosa Boraginaceae Indigenous Sh: Kurwah Tg: Kurbah Ecology: A common African plant widely distributed from west, east to southern Africa in moist evergreen forest, forest patches and secondary bushland, often a remnant tree on farm land. In Eritrea, it grows in the northern and central highlands and at the foot of the eastern escarpment, e.g. around Tobo, Rora-Mensa, Rora-habab, Tobo and Filfil, 400 -2,000 m. Uses: Firewood, timber (furniture), farm tools, walking sticks, medicine (root juice), fodder (leaves), bee forage, mulch, fibre (ropes made from bark). Description: A deciduous shrub or tree 2-9 m, often branching from the base, with weak drooping branches. LEAVES: Oval but wide or narrow to 20 cm x 12 cm, the tip pointed, base rounded, on a stalk 1-3 cm. The leaf is rarely flat and bubbles up between the veins. Veins are raised below and have hairs. FLOWERS: In loose large heads to 15 cm across, on hairy stalks, often covering the tree. The small flowers are white-yellow-pink, quite fragrant. The divided style and brown-black anthers hang out of the bell-like flowers. FRUIT: Ripen October to March in large heads. Round orange-red and berry like, the fruit turn black. Each is pointed and breaks into 4 parts, each containing a hard, comma-shaped seed. Propagation: Seedlings, direct sowing, wildings. Seed: No. of seeds per kg: 20,000-30,000. treatment: Not necessary. storage: Seeds can be stored. Cut the fruiting head when 80 % of the fruit are mature to extract the seed. Management: Pruning, pollarding, lopping and coppicing. Remarks: The light, durable wood is often used to make yokes for oxen. Roots and leaves are poisonous to man but the root juice is used to help heal wounds. 180 Ehretia cymosa Boraginaceae 181 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Godere (Ethiopia), Budongo (Uganda) and Kakamega (Kenya)
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE ON THE DIVERSITY OF FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS IN TROPICAL RAINFORESTS OF EAST AFRICA: GODERE (ETHIOPIA), BUDONGO (UGANDA) AND KAKAMEGA (KENYA) Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften Universität Koblenz-Landau Vorgelegt am 23. Mai 2008 von Kumelachew Yeshitela geb. am 11. April 1965 in Äthiopien Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Emanuël Sérusiaux In Memory of my late mother Bekelech Cheru i Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….......…...iii Chapter 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1 1.1 Tropical Rainforests .........................................................................................................1 1.2 Foliicolous lichens............................................................................................................5 1.3 Objectives .........................................................................................................................8 Chapter 2. GENERAL METHODOLOGY..............................................................................10 2.1 Foliicolous lichen sampling............................................................................................10 2.2 Foliicolous lichen identification.....................................................................................10 2.3 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................12
[Show full text]
Ecological Report on Magombera Forest
Ecological Report on Magombera Forest Andrew R. Marshall (COMMISSIONED BY WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE TANZANIA PROGRAMME OFFICE) Feb 2008 2 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms 3 Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Background 5 Aim and Objectives 5 Findings 6 Recommendations 7 Introduction 9 Tropical Forests 9 Magombera Location and Habitat 9 Previous Ecological Surveys 10 Management and Conservation History 11 Importance of Monitoring 14 Aim and Objectives 15 Methods 15 Threats 17 Forest Structure 17 Key Species 18 Forest Restoration 20 Results and Discussion 21 Threats 21 Forest Structure 25 Key Species 26 Forest Restoration 36 Recommendations 37 Immediate Priorities 38 Short-Term Priorities 40 Long-Term Priorities 41 References 44 Appendices 49 Appendix 1. Ministry letter of support for the increased conservation of Magombera forest 49 Appendix 2. Datasheets 50 Appendix 3. List of large trees in Magombera Forest plots 55 Appendix 4. Slides used to present ecological findings to villages 58 Appendix 5. Photographs from village workshops 64 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms CEPF Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources TAZARA Tanzania-Zambia Railroad UFP Udzungwa Forest Project UMNP Udzungwa Mountains National Park WWF-TPO Worldwide Fund for Nature – Tanzania Programme Office 4 Acknowledgements Thanks to all of the following individuals and institutions: - CEPF for 2007 funds for fieldwork and report
[Show full text]
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers Case Studies on the Status of Invasive Woody Plant Species in the Western Indian Ocean 2. The Comoros Archipelago (Union of the Comoros and Mayotte) By P. Vos Forestry Section, Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources, Seychelles May 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/4-2E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The FAO Forestry Department Working Papers report on issues and activities related to the conservation, sustainable use and management of forest resources. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going activities and programmes, and to stimulate discussion. This paper is one of a series of FAO documents on forestry-related health and biosecurity issues. The study was carried out from November 2002 to May 2003, and was financially supported by a special contribution of the FAO-Netherlands Partnership Programme on Agro-Biodiversity. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Quantitative information regarding the status of forest resources has been compiled according to sources, methodologies and protocols identified and selected by the author, for assessing the diversity and status of forest resources. For standardized methodologies and assessments on forest resources, please refer to FAO, 2003. State of the World’s Forests 2003; and to FAO, 2001.
[Show full text]
Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Screenining of Potential Medicinal
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 16, Issue 4 Ser. I (Jul. – Aug. 2021), PP 13-19 www.Iosrjournals.Org Cytotoxicity And Phytochemical Screening Of Potential Medicinal Plants Of Tinderet District Langat P*1, Owuor B2, Lukhoba C1 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Box 30197-00100, Nairobi. 2Biological Sciences Department, Kisii University, Box 408-40200, Kisii. Abstract An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Tinderet District from September 2012 to August 2013. This was to identify the medicinal plants of the Nandi people of Tinderet District. Selected plants were tested for toxicity using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and also screened for major secondary metabolites. Information on medicinal plants was gathered through key informant interviews with the aid of an interview guide in fifteen locations. Forty two (42) herbalists (24 males and 18 females) between the age of 18 and 92 were purposively selected and interviewed. Five popularly used medicinal plants; Albizia coriaria (Mimosaceae), Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae), Dovyalis abyssinica (Flacourtiaceae), Ehretia cymosa (Boraginaceae) and Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) were selected, collected, extracted in ethanol and used for toxicity studies using brine shrimp (A. salina). They were also screened to determine presence or absence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Sesquiterpene lactones and Steroids using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). LD50 was determined by analysis of toxicity assay data using Finney’s Probit analysis. Albizia coriaria was toxic to brine shrimp while Dovyalis abyssinica, Clutia abyssinica, Ehretia cymosa and Rhamnus prinoides were non toxic to brine shrimp. Ethanolic extracts of the five species tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, saponins and steroids except steroids were lacking in Ehretia cymosa ethanol extract.
[Show full text]
Characterisation of a Novel Fruit Type Found in Ehretia (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)
BLUMEA 49: 145–153 Published on 3 May 2004 doi: 10.3767/000651904X486250 CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL FRUIT TYPE FOUND IN EHRETIA (EHRETIACEAE, BORAGINALES) MARC GOTTSCHLING1, 2 & HARTMUT H. HILGER1 SUMMARY Ehretia (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) has been divided into two major clades, characterised by fruits with four endocarpids (Ehretia I, including species of Ehretia formerly belonging to Rotula) and by fruits with two endocarpids (Ehretia II, plus E. microphylla (= Carmona retusa) with an undivided endocarp), respectively. Both molecular (ITS1) and morphological data support the recognition of an additional clade, Ehretia III (E. longiflora species group). Its representatives are characterised by four endocarpids (as in Ehretia I), but differ in the presence of distinct lamellae on the abaxial surface of each endocarpid (as in Bourreria, also belonging to Ehretiaceae). However, molecular data suggest a close relationship with Ehretia II. At least three species belong to Ehretia III: Chinese E. longiflora, eastern Indian E. wallichiana, and Indonesian E. javanica. Key words: Ehretia longiflora, anatomy, fruit, ITS1, molecular systematics, phylogeny, phylo- geography. INTRODUCTION Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) are pantropical in distribution (with centres of diversity in Central America, Africa, and East Asia) and comprise about 150 species. The plants are usually subshrubs, shrubs, or trees, and otherwise have the typical asterid characters such as tetracyclic, pentamerous flowers with ﬁve antesepalous stamens and bicarpel- late gynoecia. Fruit morphology provides a systematically important set of characters in Ehretiaceae (Pitot, 1939a, b; Miller, 1989; Verdcourt, 1991; Gottschling & Hilger, 2001). Most of the species of Ehretiaceae have drupes (otherwise dry nutlets), with either undivided, two-, or four-parted endocarps. The individual parts of the two- and four-parted endocarps are termed endocarpids and enclose two seeds or one seed each, respectively.
[Show full text]
Woody Species Diversity, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of the Moist Afromontane Forest of Agama in Southwestern Ethiopia
Hindawi International Journal of Ecology Volume 2020, Article ID 1629624, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1629624 Research Article Woody Species Diversity, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of the Moist Afromontane Forest of Agama in Southwestern Ethiopia Abyot Dibaba ,1 Teshome Soromessa,2 Alemayehu Kefalew,3 and Admassu Addi4 1Department of Biology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia 2Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3Department of Biology, Debre Markos University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia 4Holeta Bee Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Abyot Dibaba; [email protected] Received 29 November 2019; Revised 6 February 2020; Accepted 9 March 2020; Published 30 June 2020 Academic Editor: Panos V. Petrakis Copyright © 2020 Abyot Dibaba et al. *is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. *is study was conducted in Agama Forest in Kafa Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, to assess species diversity, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of woody species. A systematic sampling technique was employed to collect vegetation data. Sixty (60) sample plots of 25 m × 25 m were laid at 300 m intervals all along ten grids interspaced 800 m apart. Sample plots of 25 m × 25 m were used to record DBH and H of all woody plant species reaching a DBH >2.5 cm and height >2 m. For the inventory of seedling and sapling, two subplots of 2 m × 5 m were used at the beginning and the end of the baseline on opposite sides of the main quadrat.
[Show full text]
JOF20218(2)153-160.Pdf
Journal of Forests 2021 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 153-160. ISSN(e): 2409-3807 ISSN(p): 2413-8398 DOI: 10.18488/journal.101.2021.82.153.160 © 2021 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. EFFECT OF DESICCATION AND STORAGE ENVIRONMENT ON LONGEVITY OF Ehretia cymosa THONN. SEEDS 1,3,4 Peter Murithi Rift Valley Eco-region Research Program, Kenya Forestry Research Angaine1+ Institute (KEFRI) Londiani, Kenya. Stephen Muriithi 2 Ndungu (+ Corresponding author) 2Central Highlands Eco-region Research Program, Kenya Forestry Research Alice Adongo Institute (KEFRI) Nairobi, Kenya. Onyango3 Jesse O. Owino4 ABSTRACT Article History Globally, forestry faces challenges in the availability of seeds due to limited knowledge Received: 25 September 2020 on seed handling of various species. Forestry seeds are constantly being reviewed and Revised: 11 June 2021 Accepted: 5 July 2021 classified as either recalcitrant, intermediate, or orthodox based on their storage Published: 29 July 2021 behavior. It is essential to understand the tree seed storage behavior to maintain seed viability and thus minimize seed losses. There is scanty literature combining factors of Keywords seed moisture content (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 20%), seed storage temperature (20oC, Ehretia cymosa seeds o o Germination 5 C and -20 C), seed storage duration (1, 4, 9 and 12 months), and germination in Moisture content different sites with varying environmental variables. Ehretia cymosa is important in the Storage duration Storage temperature. Afromontane forestry landscape as a medicinal, rehabilitation, and conservation species. This study conducted desiccation and storage studies and their influence on the viability of E. cymosa seeds. The study sought to determine the optimum conditions for the storage of Ehretia cymosa that maintains viability.
[Show full text]
Ehretia Microphylla Lam. SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk
TAXON: Ehretia microphylla Lam. SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Ehretia microphylla Lam. Family: Ehretiaceae Common Name(s): Fukien tea Synonym(s): Carmona microphylla (Lam.) G. Don Philippine tea Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. Cordia retusa Vahl Ehretia monopyrena Gottschling & Hilger Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Jul 2018 WRA Score: 7.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Shrub/Tree, Invasive, Tea Substitute, Thicket-Forming, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems Creation Date: 16 Jul 2018 (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) Page 1 of 16 TAXON: Ehretia microphylla Lam.
[Show full text]
Ceratitis Capitata
EPPO Datasheet: Ceratitis capitata Last updated: 2021-04-28 IDENTITY Preferred name: Ceratitis capitata Authority: (Wiedemann) Taxonomic position: Animalia: Arthropoda: Hexapoda: Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae Other scientific names: Ceratitis citriperda Macleay, Ceratitis hispanica de Breme, Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi, Tephritis capitata Wiedemann Common names: Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly view more common names online... EPPO Categorization: A2 list more photos... view more categorizations online... EPPO Code: CERTCA HOSTS C. capitata is a highly polyphagous species whose larvae develop in a very wide range of unrelated fruits. It is recorded from more than 350 different confirmed hosts worldwide, belonging to 70 plant families. In addition, it is associated with a large number of other plant taxa for which the host status is not certain. The USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI) (Liquido et al., 2020) provides an extensive host list with detailed references. Host list: Acca sellowiana, Acokanthera abyssinica, Acokanthera oppositifolia, Acokanthera sp., Actinidia chinensis , Actinidia deliciosa, Anacardium occidentale, Annona cherimola, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona senegalensis, Annona squamosa, Antiaris toxicaria, Antidesma venosum, Arbutus unedo, Arenga pinnata, Argania spinosa, Artabotrys monteiroae, Artocarpus altilis, Asparagus sp., Astropanax volkensii, Atalantia sp., Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola, Azima tetracantha, Berberis holstii, Berchemia discolor, Blighia sapida, Bourreria petiolaris,
[Show full text]
National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some Processes, Equipment, and Materials Described in This Manual May Be Patented
National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticides, read and follow all label instructions. First Edition Issued 2015 Contents Exotic Fruit
[Show full text]
Conservation Status of the Vascular Plants in East African Rain Forests
Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Early morning hours in Kakamega Forest, Kenya. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents V 1 General introduction 1 1.1 Biodiversity and human impact on East African rain forests 2 1.2 African epiphytes and disturbance 3 1.3 Plant conservation 4 Ex-situ conservation 5 1.4 Aims of this study 6 2 Study areas 9 2.1 Kakamega Forest, Kenya 10 Location and abiotic components 10 Importance of Kakamega Forest for Kenyan biodiversity 12 History, population pressure, and management 13 Study sites within Kakamega Forest 16 2.2 Budongo Forest, Uganda 18 Location and abiotic components 18 Importance of Budongo Forest for Ugandan biodiversity 19 History, population pressure, and management 20 Study sites within Budongo Forest 21 3 The vegetation of East African rain forests and impact
[Show full text]
Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the Project Area
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Study Background........................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Project Location ........................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Scope of works ............................................................................................................ 8 1.4 Objective of the rapid biodiversity study ....................................................................... 9 2 APPROACH AND STUDY METHODS .................................................................................11 2.1 Specific Methods for Plants .........................................................................................12 2.2 Specific Methods for Mammals ...................................................................................12 2.3 Specific Methods for Birds ..........................................................................................13 2.4 Specific Methods for Herpetofauna (Reptiles and Amphibians) ...................................14 3 RAPID BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA .....................................15 3.1 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................15 3.2 Conservation priority ...................................................................................................15
[Show full text]