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In-Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Laggera Alata and Ehretia Cymosa Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Aglactiae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

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In-Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Laggera Alata and Ehretia Cymosa Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Aglactiae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis MedDocs Publishers ISSN: 2640-1223 Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Open Access | Research Article In-Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Laggera Alata and Ehretia Cymosa against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus aglactiae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis Asefa Amsalu1; Abaynew Gelaye2; Haben Fesseha3* 1Chagni Municipal Abattoir, Awi Zone, Amhara regional state, Northwest Ethiopia. 2Guangua District Livestock Resource Development Office, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. 3School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. *Corresponding Author(s): Haben Fesseha Abstract School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, An experimental study was conducted from November P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. 2011 to May 2012 to assess the in-vitro antibacterial effect Email: [email protected] of Laggera alata and Ehretia cymosa on bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis. The plants/herbs were collected from their natural habitats and processed and extracted with 80% methanol and 95% ethanol. In this study, Laggera alata Received: Aug 21, 2020 with both types of alcoholic extraction had antibacterial Accepted: Oct 06, 2020 activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae but Ehretia cymosa had no antibacterial activity Published Online: Oct 09, 2020 against S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The methanol (80%) and Journal: Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences ethanol (95%) crude extracts of Laggera alata inhibited the Publisher: MedDocs Publishers LLC growth of S. aureus and S. agalactiae at all concentrations (0.63% to 20%). Of doubling concentrations for both types Online edition: http://meddocsonline.org/ of extraction, there was a dose-dependent inhibition on the Copyright: © Fesseha H (2020). This Article is tested bacteria showing the greatest activity at the highest distributed under the terms of Creative Commons concentration of crude extracts. A wider zone of inhibition Attribution 4.0 International License was observed from methanol extracts of Laggera alata at all concentrations than Laggera alata ethanol extract. The efficacy of 20% crude extracts of Laggera alata in both Keywords: In-vitro antibacterial activity; Crude extracts; Lag- types of extraction was comparable with conventional gera alata; Ehretia cymosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococ- antimicrobial agents like Gentamycin, Erythromycin, and cus agalactiae. Kanamycin. The findings suggest that there is a potential in the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants and further study should be made to identify the active phytochemical constituents and on the toxicity of active plant principles to determine their safety use. Cite this article: Amsalu A, Gelaye A, Fesseha H. In-Vitro Antibacterial Effects ofLaggera Alata and Ehretia Cy- mosa against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus aglactiae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis. J Vet Med Animal Sci. 2020; 3(1): 1036. 1 MedDocs Publishers Introduction The most important characteristics of traditional herbal ther- apies are their crude preparations. Herbs with different ingre- Ethiopia’s livestock population is the largest in Africa. Cur- dients and properties are administered in their natural state in rently, Ethiopian is estimated to have about 56.71 million heads the form of water mixtures, boiled or unboiled, and are applied of cattle, 29.33 million heads of Sheep, 29.11 million heads of topically as pastes as well as other forms [19]. The pharmaco- goats, and 56.87 million poultry. The livestock sector in Ethio- logical studies and clinical trials on different plants indicate that pia contributes 16.5% of the national GDP, and 47.7% of the a significant proportion of indigenous remedies of plant origin agricultural GDP, 15% of the country’s export earnings and 30% have shown promising biochemical activities and clinical effects of agricultural employment [1]. Mastitis is an inflammation of [10,20]. the udder resulting from the invasion of pathogenic microor- ganisms. At least 137 infectious causes of bovine mastitis are The conventional drugs used for mastitis treatments are of known to date and in large animals, the commonest pathogens limited types, especially in Ethiopia. For this reason, herbal rem- isolated from bovine mastitis include Staphylococcus aureus, edies remain the only option for many poor farmers as the main Streptococcus agalactiae, other Streptococcus, and coliforms animals’ health intervention. However, there are no enough [2]. The disease causes irreversible damage to the udder tissue documented data about traditional remedies to confidently rec- and can lead to the reduction of offspring to a given production ommend it for the treatment of livestock diseases. Therefore, system due to insufficient milk production resulting in starva- the current study aimed to determine the In-vitro antimicro- tion [3,4]. The cow udder is an ideal environment for microbial bial activities of leaf extracts from some traditional medicinal growth and under optimum udder conditions, Pathogenic -or plants; namely Laggera alata, and Ehretia cymosa extracted us- ganisms multiply highly and cause udder damage and trigger ing methanol and ethanol extract of Staphylococcus aureus and the response that is recognized as mastitis [3,5]. Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis. Mastitis continues to be among the expensive disease of Materials and methods the dairy industry. Among cattle diseases, bovine mastitis is a serious problem that affects the basic income of farmers de- Study area pleting their dairy sources. It adversely affects milk production The study of the antibacterial effect of some selected -me whereby losses due to subclinical mastitis are more severe than dicinal plants on bacterial pathogen was carried out from No- those due to clinical cases [6,7]. Milk contamination by zoonotic vember 2011 to April 2012 in Bishoftu Town. Bishoftu is located pathogenesis often natural but can also occur through handling at 47 km southeast of Addis Ababa. The area has an altitude milk in unhygienic conditions [8]. Due to the absence of modern of 1860 meters above sea level with an average annual rainfall animal health services particularly in rural areas, livestock own- of 866 mm. It has a bimodal rainy season; a main rainy season ers frequently visit traditional healers to get solutions for their extends from June to September and a short rainy season from ill-health animals including mastitis problems [5,9,10]. March to May. The annual average minimum and maximum o o Antibiotics were considered a magic bullet that selectively temperatures are 11 C and 26 Crespectively. Day length is fairly targeted microbes that were responsible for disease causation, constant throughout the year (12-13 hrs) with about 6hrs of but at the same time would not affect the host and multiple vari- sunshine during the rainy season and 8 hrs to 10 hrs for the rest eties of the antibiotics have been used for therapeutic purposes of the year. Humidity is about 50.9% [5]. over time [11]. The emphasis of clinical mastitis treatment has Study design been on antimicrobial therapy and currently, there are several conventional antibiotics with different degrees of spectrums An experimental on in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy on selected that are used for the treatment of the disease. An important plants were conducted between November 2011 and May 2012 aspect of mastitis therapy is the alleviation of inflammation that in Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and can result in swelling and subsequent pain associated with clini- Agriculture, Bishoftu. Besides, an investigation was carried out cal mastitis that can cause considerable discomfort to the cow through a field survey or searching of different areas in Bishoftu in the udder. Then, the purpose of mastitis therapy is to assist town where plants were found and an experimental study. the affected quarter to clear infection as rapidly as possible to Herbal/plant materials used for the study enable a quick return of the cow to normal milk production. A multitude of mastitis therapy, which includes the use of fre- Laggera alata /kesebedeje quent striping, herbal udder ointments, and oral preparations of massage and diet changes have been used before and after A robust much-branched pubescent herb; 60-75 cm tall the advent of antibiotic therapy [2,12,13]. stems are winged, Herbaceous, and rarely somewhat denticu- late and continuous. Leaves oblong, 2.8 - 10 * .7-1.5 cm with the The medicinal plant of Ethiopia and the developing countries decurrent bases and denticulate margins, acute to sub obtuse play major supplementary roles in the limited modern health densely covered with long hairs. It is a strongly aromatic stout care available [14,15]. In Ethiopia, traditional healers use sev- herb with a persistent thymol-like and sweet odor. Its leaves eral plants/herbs for the treatment of bovine mastitis and the yield an essential oil that is said to possess the odor of black efficacy of some of these plants/herbs have been tested against current and may have some application in perfumery [16,21]. a range of causative agents of mastitis [2,16]. In- vitro study Ehretia cymosa conducted by [2,6,10,17,18] on different plants indicates that /Du-tsho is a deciduous shrub or small to me- there are growth inhibitory effects on different bacterial spe- dium-sized tree up to 20 to 25 m tall; bole often low branching cies. The various literature available shows the
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