Published Quarterly By The State Historical Society of COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State.—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183.

OFFICERS 1953-1956 L. M. WHITE, Mexico, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville, First Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Second Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Third Vice-President BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian

TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society

*ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis WILLIAM SOUTHERN, JR., ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage Independence GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1954

RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston ARTHUR V. BURROWES, St. Joseph ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., St. Louis HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre L. E. MEADOR, Springfield *CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1955 CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED C. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1956

F. C. BARNHILL, Marshall RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon E. LANSING RAY, St. Louis W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville ALBERT L. REEVES, Kansas City STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The thirty Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee.

* Deceased- Missouri Historical Review Floyd C. Shoemaker, Editor

Volume XLVIII July 1954 Number Four

The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri. Communications pertaining to the publication should be addressed to 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri, or to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year, or $20 for a life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Jefferson City, Missouri, under the act of August 24, 1912. MORE COMMENTS ON THE SOCIETY AND THE REVIEW I enjoy the Review immensely and take great pleasure in showing Texans, es­ pecially here in the office, that Missouri also has a remarkable history.—MARK W. BURROWES, Fort Worth, Tex. The Missouri Historical Review is tops—wish everyone in Missouri were acquainted with it.—MRS. OWEN c. RAWLINGS, Marshall. The Missouri Historical Review should be on the desk of all good citizens in our noble state.—WILLIAM J. BREMSER, St. Louis. I feel I am doing any Missourian a favor by recommending the Missouri Historical Review. In one hour today I showed my October copy of the Review to eleven persons whom I knew to be interested in Missouri and have secured ten memberships.— RILEY E. HALL,, West Plains. My own interest in the Society and my conviction that all good Missourians ar e benefited by affiliating with it convice me that I am doing the individual a service each time I obtain a new member.—MRS. LERTON V. DAWSON, Excelsior Springs. I have been receiving the Missouri Historical Review for the last year and the has been brought out more clearly to me than at any time in read­ ing other history books.—ARTHUR W. ZIMMER, Kansas City. The Review is getting better with each issue. I surely do enjoy it.—ALBERT Z. PROKE8, St. LOUiS. The Review is one of the most interesting magazines I've ever read.—ALEX C. RIEBEL, Arabela. I never received so much for so little in all my life. I surely do enjoy my mem­ bership.—TIERA FARROW, Kansas City. The Missouri Historical Review is one magazine that comes to our house which I read from the front page to the last.—MARIAN E. WILLIAMS, Los Angeles, Calif. I read the Missouri Historical Review regularly and find it the finest publication of its kind I have ever seen.—BARNEY MILLER, Rolla. I enjoy the Review very much. Keep up the good work.—MICHAEL PRICE, Co­ lumbia. There is a certain charm in the Missouri Historical Review that makes it seem like a letter from home.—ERNEST RIVERS, , La. I simply adore the cover and the way the whole thing adds up. Wonderful!— BERTHA J. BLESS, Weston. I think too much cannot be said in favor of the Missouri Historical Review.— KATE ROTH, Banning, Calif. Let me congratulate you on the January, 1954, Review—indeed a worthy tribute to the Louisiana Purchase!—ARLINE BLACK, Liberty. When Jerome Walsh told me that the money I would spend to join the State Historical Society was one of the best investments I would ever make, I was inclined to doubt him, but now I'm ready to change my mind.—JIM MCQUEENY, Kansas City. I have just read the first installment of your series on Missouri and Kansas of 1854, and I like it. Maybe, during these next 100 years, we can give this struggle its proper balance. I am ready to concede that few on our side were entitled to wear halos. You've done a good job and you have a fine magazine.—NYLE H. MILLER, Secretary, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas. Contents Page MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855. PART II. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 325

THREE GENERATIONS IN THE SPAN OF A CONTINENT. THE ZUMWALT FAMILY. PART II. Edited by Eugenia Learned James and Vivian K. McLarty. . 341

SWEDISH IMMIGRANT LETTERS IN DALLAS COUNTY. Edited by C. Terence Pihlblad 352

"THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY." By Floyd C. Shoemaker 365

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 373

A Personal Message from the Secretary 373 Members Active in Increasing Society's Membership 374 New Members of the Historical Society 375 The Barnhill Plan for Increasing Membership 377 Benton Painting Loaned 378 Hawthorne Roadside Park, and Highway Historical Marker Dedicated. 378 Missouri Maps Profile the Characteristics and History of the State. . . 379 Gentry County Historical Society Organized 380 Award Honors "Historic Hermann, Inc." 380 Dr. Frederic A. Culmer Honored 381 Pre-Historic Missouri 382 Activities of Local Historical Societies 382 Anniversaries 384 Notes 386 Historical Publications 397 Obituaries 401

MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 404

THE RARE BOOK COLLECTION BEARS HIS NAME Inside Back Cover

THE WOMEN OF BRYANT'S STATION, KY., SUPPLYING THF GARRISON WITH WATER Outside Back Cover iii Illustrations Page MISSOURIANS GOING TO KANSAS TO VOTE. A northern artist's version. Cover design from an engraving by John Rogers after a drawing by F. O. C. Darley. Reproduced from The Pagent of America. Copyright Yale University Press. See page 327 Cover

PREEMPTION HOUSE, LAWRENCE, KAN. WHERE 1000 MISSOURIANS VOTED 327

ANDREW H. REEDER 328

SHAWNEE MISSION. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR OF KANSAS

TERRITORY IN 1855 329

WILLIAM B. NAPTON 336

SHAWNEE MANUAL LABOR SCHOOL 338

PIONEERS NEAR INDEPENDENCE ROCK ON THE SWEETWATER 344

VALLEY OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE FROM LITTLE MOUNTAIN 345

EMIGRANTS AT UNION STATION, ST. LOUIS, 1879. From Dacus and Buel, A Tour of St. Louis, or the Inside Life of a Great City (1879) 356

"THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY" 365

His BOYHOOD HOME IN LACLEDE 366

HIS WEST POINT EXAMS IN A MISSOURI COURTHOUSE LED TO THE NATION'S HIGHEST MILITARY POST 367 THIS OZARK ARTIST FOUND FAME AND FORTUNE IN MAKING CHARACTER DOLLS 368

THEN THEY SANG A KEWPIE LULLABY FOR THE MOUSE-BABY 369

HIS CONTROL OF 5,000 MILES OF STAGE LINES GAVE HIM HIS TITLE OF STAGECOACH KING 370

DEPARTURE OF THE MAIL FROM INDEPENDENCE 371

J. CHRISTIAN BAY Inside back cover

THE WOMEN OF BRYANT'S STATION, KY., SUPPLYING THE GARRISON WITH WATER Outside back cover MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855

BY FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER

PART II

THE HIGH TIDE OF MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY STRENGTH, 1855 The year 1855 marked the high tide of Missouri's proslavery strength in her fight for Kansas. It witnessed the election and legal certification of a proslavery legislature, from which every free-soil member-elect was excluded or had resigned. It witnessed the passage by that body of an ultra-severe slave code and the appoint­ ment by the legislature of the local officials in Kansas. It witnessed the dismissal of one governor who had incurred the enmity of Missourians and the appointment of another governor who was their friend. It saw the territorial executive and judicial depart­ ments and the Federal administration from President to United States marshall favor their cause. The machinery of the territorial government was absolutely under their control. Yet, this impregnable legal position held by Missouri proslavery leaders and their Southern associates was attacked by able and devious, daring and determined free-state leaders, acting legally, extra-legally, and illegally, under arms and without arms, enthused and urged on by editors and correspondents, poets and artists, until within three years the Missouri, proslavery citadel was swept away. It is now evident that proslavery Missourians could not have won the fight for Kansas regardless of procedure. Too many free- soil and non-slaveholding settlers made their homes in the new territory. The United States census of 1860 shows two persons in Kansas born in the free states to one born in the slave states, and if those born in Kansas and on foreign soil are added to the free states group the proportion is three to one. But the odds were even greater. Slavery had been voted down in Kansas three years before the census of 1860. Many, if not most, of the real proslavery settlers had no doubt left the territory and returned to their native states. If this took place, then Missouri also sent her quota of free-soil settlers to Kansas, for in 1860 she practically 325 326 Missouri Historical Review shared first rank with Ohio in contributions of native born citizens in the new state, the figures showing 11,356 from Missouri and 11,617 from Ohio, while only 4,208 had come from all the New England states. Such a contribution could easily have come from Missouri's non-slaveholders who constituted a large majority of her population.

MISSOURIANS ELECT FIRST TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE

The first great objective of the proslavery forces in 1855 was to win the Kansas territorial legislative election, to be held on March 30. Governor Andrew H. Reeder was severely condemned by Missourians for his delay in setting the date of the election, as every week saw the free-soil settlers increase in number. Through­ out western and central Missouri meetings were held at which concerted action was urged. During the month of February, 1855, there were six public meetings in Ray County alone at which calls were made for voters to go to Kansas for the election. Local meetings elected delegates to go to the territory and vote. On March 17, 1855, groups of university students at Columbia passed resolutions condemning the passive action of the older residents of Boone County, and later the students sent a delegate to Kansas to vote. Proposals had been made in Boone County to send settlers to Kansas but no one could be found who wanted to reside there. Proslavery Missourians were determined to elect a proslavery legislature for the Territory of Kansas. They must win this con­ test or lose Kansas. The organizing of Missourians to vote in Kansas received almost unanimous editorial approval. Prepa­ rations were carefully planned and executed. Companies were organized as far east as Jefferson City, each carried provisions and arms which were transported by wagons. Everything was reduced to a system and each company was assigned a certain voting place. The Emigrant Aid Company also rushed through its settlers to Kansas in order to vote on March 30 and several hundred of these arrived in time. The proslavery newspapers referred to the Eastern immigrants as ''purchased voters." It is reported that a Missourian on being asked "if, as such, he thought he had a right to vote in Kansas, replied: 'As much as a man from . . . Why not?' " It was believed over Missouri that the spring immigration of free-soil settlers was large. The Cincinnati Gazette of March 23, Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 327

1855, was quoted in the Boonville (Mo.) Weekly Observer of March 31, as follows: "Judging from the notices in the papers in free states, emigration to Kansas is the great feature of the day. We have seen nothing like it in extent since the rush to California, that followed the discovery of the gold mines. One and two hundred leave Boston weekly. . . There are not less than six hundred persons in Cincinnati alone now getting ready to leave in a few weeks. About one hundred and thirty Germans marched down Main street a few days since, preceded by a band of music. . . Another party of excellent families from called the Kentucky Kansas Association, have chartered the steamer Empress, and will leave today or tomorrow. About two hundred will leave at this trip, and as many more will follow in a few weeks. . . A large company is also forming in Wayne County, Indiana. . . The Associa­ tion expects to take out five hundred families during the season..." Before election day arrived large bands of Missourians, fully armed, were led across the border by former Senator David R. Atchison, James M. Burns and former Attorney-General B. F. Stringfellow of Platte County, Colonel Samuel Young of Boone County, Claiborne F. Jackson of Saline County, and others. Be­ tween four and five thousand Missourians are reported to have marched to the territorial polls in Kansas and cast their ballots. Some of the visitors claimed to be residents of the territory, but for the most part there was no attempt made to disguise the fact that they were Missourians. The clarion call of the Kansas Herald

Courtesy Kan. St. Hist. Soc. Preemption House, Lawrence, Kan., Where 700 Missourians Voted 328 Missouri Historical Review

at Leavenworth, published just before the election had been heard: "Freemen of the West. Missourians, remember the 30th day of March, A. D. 1855, as Texans once remembered the Alamo." The Kansas Free State at Lawrence in its account on April 7th of the election said, according to Mr. Connelley (Vol. I, pp. 392f) : "Never within the time 'whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary' were there so many human beings (?) upon the soil of as there were on the 30th ult. . . The great majority were from Missouri. There were near 700 came to this place before the polls opened. They were well equipped with good teams, wagons and plenty of provisions. A great many of them, to our surprise, were as fine a looking class of Missourians as we have ever seen. Considering the large crowd, and the fact that there was a good deal of liquor among them, they behaved exceed­ ingly well. This was all owing to their being well disciplined, and under the command of good leaders. They were all well armed with revolvers, knives, and double barreled guns. . . The whole affair was a miserable farce. A great many of the settlers who came in to vote early in the morning, being kept from the polls so long. . . retired home without voting, saying they regarded it no election. . . The foreign voters, finding they had too many here, sent two hundred and fifty to Tecumseh. . . " When the polls closed the number of votes cast totaled 6307. A census of the territory taken in February, 1855, showed that there were 8600 residents in the area, of whom 2905 were eligible to vote. The results of the election were: proslavery, 5,427; free-soil, 791; scattering, 89. The Missourians had elected a pro- slavery legislature. They made no de­ nial of many voting in Kansas and leaving the territory immediately after­ ward. They claimed that they were merely counteracting the deceitful and illegal actions of the emigrant aid societies and declared that there had been no fraud or violence. Moreover, they denied Governor Reeder's power to specify an exact time-residence quali­ fication for voting and stated that the Courtesy Kan. St. Hist. Soc. indefinite residence voting qualification Andrew H. Reeder in the organic act was complied with by Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 329

the presence of an individual in the territory and his intention of residing there and not proof of his residence there. "... And he may leave the day after the election, and still not be perjured, for it is the intention, not the act of the person, that qualifies him to vote." (The Squatter Sovereign, Atchison, Kansas, March 13, 1855, in the Boonville (Mo.) Weekly Observer, March 24, 1855.)

Courtesy Siegrist Engraving Co. Shawnee Mission. Executive office of the Governor of Kansas Territory in 1855

The proslavery legislators-elect immediately called upon Governor Reeder at his office and demanded their certificates of election, fearing that he might go behind the election returns but denying that he had the right to do this. Threats of violence against the Governor were circulated by members-elect and news­ papers carried incendiary articles against him for considering pro­ tests to set aside the election. "On the morning of the 6th of April, I (Governor Reeder) proceeded to announce my decision upon the returns. Upon the one side of the room were arrayed the members-elect, nearly, if not quite, all armed; and, on the other side, about fourteen of my friends, who, with myself, were also well armed." Professing later his ignorance of the conditions at the 330 Missouri Historical Review polls except in six districts, from which protests had been filed, he certified to the election of the other members-elect who had received the highest number of votes, an act long and severely criticised by Kansas historians. The proslavery Missourians had succeeded in making legal their control of the first territorial legislature of Kansas. A special election was held on May 22 by proclamation of Governor Reeder in the six contested districts. Knowing they could later unseat any free-state members elected, the Missourians did not vote except in proslavery Leavenworth. The result was the election of free-state members. When the legislature met in July it held that the special election was void, on the argument that the Governor had no power to call it, and seated the proslavery members-elect who had received the highest votes on March 30. Several days later the remaining free-state members resigned, making both the House and the Council unanimously proslavery. The Leavenworth Kansas Herald of April 6, announced the result of the first legislative election in these words, according to Daniel W. Wilder's The Annals of Kansas, p. 49: " 'All hail! Pro-Slavery Party Victorious. We have met the enemy and they are ours. Veni, Vidi, Vici. Free White State Party Used Up. The triumph of the Pro-Slavery party is complete and overwhelm­ ing. Come on, Southern men; bring your slaves and fill up the Territory. Kansas is saved. . . Kansas has proved herself to be S. G. Q.' Those letters mean: Sound on the Goose Question." [i.e., sound for slavery.] The election news was celebrated in Independence, Mo., in holiday spirit, according to a dispatch from Independence to the St. Louis Missouri Republican, reprinted in the Hannibal Tri- Weekly Messenger of April 5, 1855, "... several hundred re­ turning emigrants from Kansas have just entered our city. They were preceeded by the Westport and Independence Brass Bands. They came in at the West side of the Public Square, and proceeded entirely around it, the bands cheering us with fine music and the emigrants with good news. Immediately following the bands, were about two hundred horsemen in regular order; following these, were about one hundred and fifty wagons, carriages, etc. They gave repeated cheers for Kansas and Missouri. They report that not an anti-slavery man will be in the Legislature of Kansas. We have made a clean sweep!" Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 331

Missourians were jubilant over the election. They rejoiced in their victory over "Abolitionism," "Eastern Emigrant Aid So­ cieties," and "Freesoilism." Sharp editorial shafts in Missouri newspapers were directed against the aid societies' efforts to colonize Kansas, the danger to Missouri slave owners of a free-soil Kansas, and "this traitor Governor (Reeder)." The Missouri press com­ ments were almost unanimous in congratulating the proslavery party on its victory and in deriding the free-soil supporters, called "abolitionists," in their defeat. There were also editorial warnings to those Missourians who might be tainted on the slavery question. An examination of the more than a score of Missouri newspapers of April, 1855, preserved in the collections of the State Historical Society of Missouri, reveals a resurgent feeling of relief, satisfaction, and ecstasy over the election from St. Joseph down the river to St. Louis and up the Mississippi to Canton. Proslavery Missourians felt that the Kansas territorial election of March 30 was as momen­ tous to Missouri and the South as to Kansas. The Canton (Mo.) North East Reporter of April 5, 1855, clearly voiced this feeling of concern: ". . . The importance of this victory cannot be too highly estimated. Had the abolitionists carried Kansas, the next step would have been to undermine and destroy the institution of slavery in Missouri. . . With emis­ saries under the garb of religion, and co-workers with the political designation of freesoilers, they have been making war upon our rights heretofore; and having such secret enemies in our midst, it was thought Missouri would fall an easy prey to their diabolical schemes, so soon as besieged on three sides by their fanatical army." The Glasgow (Mo.) Weekly Times of April 19, 1855, quoted the following from the Westport (Mo.) Frontier News, which centered its attack on the New England group: ". . . We have today to announce the result of an election where demagogues, fanatics, factionists, abolitionists, negro stealers and speculators in the right of suffrage, have labored with their might and money to overthrow the sovereign people. . . 'the armies of the living God'. . . 'the great Jehovah and the Continental Congress.' Parker, Thayer, Garrison & Co., with their legions of allied freemen, are de­ feated. . . " Briefer was the comment in the Columbia Missouri Statesman of April 6, 1855, which closed in these words: "... Abolitionism 332 Missouri Historical Review and freesoilism may as well hide their hydra heads, for the destiny of Kansas is fixed." The Boonville (Mo.) Weekly Observer of April 7, 1855, centered its comment on the aid societies and Governor Reeder: ". . . When we consider the stupendous efforts made by Eastern Emigrant Aid Societies to colonize this new Territory with the worst elements of their redundant population, eager to receive the debasing stipends and obey the behests of their unscrupulous employers, aided as they were by the covert treachery of an unprincipled and reckless governor, we may well congratulate ourselves, and the entire South upon this auspicious result. . . " The Liberty (Mo.) Tribune of April 6, 1855, commented prophetically and in more restrained manner: ". . . We hope that those misguided people [the abolitionists] will learn an im­ portant lesson from that election, which is, that when they under­ take to force their obnoxious and mischievous views upon the free­ men of the West, they have 'waked up the wrong passengers.' The 'Kansas Leagues' and the 'Emigrant Aid Societies' of New England have undertaken a step which they cannot accomplish without bringing on civil war, and the sooner they know this the better. . . "

THE PROSLAVERY INTERLUDE Between the territorial election of March and the adoption of the Kansas Code of 1855 in July and August, several proslavery incidents occurred and a large Missouri proslavery convention was held. Two of the incidents are here related because of their wide­ spread currency, the convention is here described because it is almost officially representative in character of the Missouri pro- slavery program.

DESTRUCTION OF THE PARKVILLE Industrial Luminary Rejoicing in Missouri and the South and indignation in New England and the North over the election of March 30, 1855, had barely subsided when the nation was shocked by news of a raid on the Parkville (Mo.) Industrial Luminary on April 14, by a small band of members of the Platte County Self-Defensive Association, augmented by a mob. Members of the mob entered the building where the Luminary was published and seized the press, type, and other equipment. The press and type were then dumped into the Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 333

Missouri River. George S. Park, one of the editors, had been warned and had escaped to Kansas Territory; W. J. Patterson, the other editor, who was a Canadian citizen, was released on promise to leave the country. Park, a native of Vermont, was a successful business man. Although not an abolitionist he had expressed in his paper, the Luminary, criticism of conditions in Kansas and of the election of March 30. He had also previously angered Senator Atchison in reporting one of his speeches. After the war, he returned to Park­ ville, served in the Missouri State Senate, and helped found and endowed Park College. The reaction of the Missouri press to the destruction of the Luminary and the mobbing of its editors was one of adverse criticism over the State. Park was defended in his right to express his free opinion in his paper although one editor thought that the Luminary should have been permitted to have "died out for want of patron­ age." Only a few papers approved the action of the mob. The destruction of the Luminary attracted nation-wide atten­ tion. It was seized upon by the Northern press and "the great Horace Greeley himself thundered against it in an editorial in the New York Tribune."

ORIGIN OF THE TERM "BORDER RUFFIAN"

Governor Reeder left for the East on April 17 to consult with the President on conditions in Kansas. The proslavery men now were determined to have Reeder removed from office. The Presi­ dent advised Governor Reeder to resign and offered him another appointment but they were unable to reach an agreement. Reeder returned to Kansas on June 25. Sometime during the week of June 25 to July 2, Governor Reeder was assaulted by General B. F. Stringfellow of Weston. According to Mr. Connelley (Vol. I, pp. 476f.) this account of the altercation appeared in the St. Louis Missouri Republican of July 3, 1855, by its correspondent: " 'Yesterday morning General B. F. Stringfellow, of Weston, Mo., proceeded to Governor Reeder's residence, near the Shawnee Mission, and after introducing himself to the Governor, said, "I understand, sir, that you have publicly spoken and written of me 334 Missouri Historical Review in the East as a frontier ruffian, and I have called to ascertain whether you have done so." 'Gov. R. "I did not so write, or speak of you in public." 'Gen. S. "Did you speak of me in those terms anywhere, or at any time?" 'Gov. R. "No, sir." 'Gen. S. "Did you use my name at all?" 'Gov. R. "I may have used your name in private conver­ sation." 'Gen. S. "Did you use it disrespectfully? Did you intimate, or insinuate that I was other than a gentleman?" 'Gov. R. "I might have done so." 'Gen. S. "Then, sir, you uttered a falsehood, and I demand of you the satisfaction of a gentlemen. I very much question your right to that privilege, for I do not believe you to be a gentleman; but I nevertheless give you the opportunity to vindicate your title to that character, by allowing you to select such friends as you may please, and I will do the same, and we will step out here and settle the matter as gentlemen usually do." 'Gov. R. "I cannot go. I am no fighting man." 'Gen. S. "Then I will have to treat you as I would any other offensive animal." 'And with that he knocked Reeder down with his fist.' "From this incident originated the term, 'Border-Ruffian.' It was applied to those Missourians, and all the promoted emigration from the South, who took an active part in the effort to force slavery upon Kansas. By the Free-State men it was considered an epithet of opprobrium. The Missourians, however, gloried in it. In many Missouri border towns, merchants called their stores and business enterprises, the Border-Ruffian Store, the Border-Ruffian Company, etc." Even the youngest son of George S. Withers, head of a prom­ inent Clay County family, born in the 1850's, was named Border Ruffian Withers, according to the 1860 census. The Dictionary of American History, Vol. I, p. 219, gives the source of the first use of the term "Border Ruffians" as the New York Tribune, otherwise the accounts are in agreement. The Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 335 term was soon in general use and was adopted by Senator Atchison and the proslavery Missourians with approbation.

THE LEXINGTON PROSLAVERY STATE CONVENTION On July 12, 1855, there assembled at Lexington, Missouri, 226 delegates, representing twenty-six counties, to consider the action of several of the northern states in waging a war of extermi­ nation against slavery, in nullifying by legislation the Fugitive Slave Law, and in incorporating associations "to abolitionize Kansas." The convention also met to make known its own position and purposes on the questions relating to slavery. The meeting assembled in pursuance of a call for a proslavery convention signed by some of the most prominent citizens of Jackson County. (See account in the Liberty Weekly Tribune of July 20, 1855, copied from the Lexington Express, Extra.) The attendance was large and represented practically all of the border and Missouri River counties, two counties deep, from Andrew to Cass and from Clay and Lafayette to Boone and Cole. But, St. Louis County with its two delegates was the only eastern county represented. Moreover, the central Missouri slave counties east of Boone and Randolph and the rich slave counties of north­ east Missouri along the Mississippi as well as the counties in south­ east Missouri sent no delegates. The twenty-six counties represented contained 53% of the slaves in Missouri in 1850 and in 1860. Twenty of these were among the richest slave counties in the State with high production income from hemp and as well as general farming. Eight­ een other strong slave counties were not represented. The con­ vention was representative of the rich border and Missouri River sections of Missouri and was probably representative as well of the entire slave area of the State in its financial, cultural, social, and political leadership. The personnel of the convention was outstanding and included both former Whigs and Democrats. Besides Senator Atchison and General Stringfellow, such leaders were present and took an active part as Colonel Doniphan, Governor Price, and former Governor King. Also present were the related Sappington, Mar­ maduke, and Jackson families, Doctor J. J. Lowry, Doctor James Shannon, General J. B. Clark, Congressman Mordecai Oliver, S. M. Woodson, James Moss, John Daugherty, Samuel A. Young, 336 Missouri Historical Review

George W. Withers, W. B. Napton, T. W. Wood, and more than a score of other leaders of the western and central proslavery sections of the State. The prominence, position, and experience of the delegates augured well for the convention and insured careful consideration of all proposals during the three-day meeting. Mis­ souri here presented without fear or fury her case on slavery and abolition in state, nation, and Kansas. William B. Napton An air of concern pervaded the sessions with regard to obviating misinterpretation in Missouri and the Nation. Both Atchison and Doniphan, noted leaders and orators, declined to address the convention, except in their functioning as delegates, to forestall criticism of the convention as a sounding board for personal political advancement to the United States Senate. The proslavery delegate from Kansas Territory was not seated pending organization of the convention so as to make clear that this was a proslavery Missouri assemblage. And while the scholarship and position of Doctor James Shannon as president of the University of Missouri brought him invitation to address the convention, there was resentment over his tying an anti-abolition speech with an exposition of personal difficulties in Columbia. The convention was held to enable proslavery Missourians to discuss the problems confronting Missouri on the subject of slavery. And back of these problems in the minds of these delegates was the New England antislavery movement. The editor of the Liberty Weekly Tribune of June 8, 1855, best expressed this feeling in his editorial on the convention: "New England may boast of her schools and her educational advantages, but that somehow or other the people there have been crazy fanatics is an absolute certainty. All the 'isms' of the last twenty years in politics and religion had their origin there and in other places where their peculiar notions have been taken." A precis of each of the ten resolutions which were unanimously adopted follows; together they present the platform of Missouri's proslavery fight for Kansas in 1855. Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 337

1. Outside interference with slavery where it exists is an attack on the reserved rights of the slaveholding states and will result in a dissolution of the Union. 2. The resolution of several Northern states never to admit another slave state is a declaration of hostility against the Constitution, the compromises adopted, and slavery itself. 3. The admission of new slave states is the only guaranty the slaveholders have against oppressive, unconstitutional legislation. 4. Approval of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law and the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act. 5. Abolition companies chartered to colonize Kansas are attempts by state legislation to thwart the law of Congress to settle Kansas with bona fide settlers. 6. Bands of Massachusetts and other states colonists, like military colonies of the Roman Empire, will lead to organ­ ized resistance by others but the entire responsibility will be upon the aggressors. 7. Disclaimer of all intent to interfere with the bona fide, independent settler but maintenance of the right to protection of life and property against unjust and un­ constitutional aggression, and not necessary or expedient to wait until the torch is applied "to our dwellings or the knife to our throats" before taking measures for security. 8. The 50,000 slaves worth $25,000,000 in the eighteen counties on or near the Kansas border will be valueless if Kansas is abolitionized. 9. Appeal made to Missouri and the South to take measures to prevent this antislavery disaster and to the North to put down such fanatical aggressors as the emigrant aid so­ cieties and let Kansas be settled with actual settlers. 10. Recommendation that the General Assembly of Missouri pass constitutional, retaliatory measures against Massachu­ setts and other states that were nullifying the Fugitive Slave Law, which would discriminate against the sale in Missouri of the products and goods of those states as long as such nullifying laws were in force. 338 Missouri Historical Review

THE KANSAS CODE OF 1855 Pursuant to the call of Governor Reeder, issued before he went east, the territorial legislature met at Pawnee on July 2. The meeting place designated by the Governor was undeveloped and inconvenient. The legislators had protested its selection, pre­ ferring the Shawnee Mission, but Governor Reeder was interested in the Pawnee Town Company and he opposed the Shawnee Mission on account of its nearness to proslavery Westport, Missouri, and the Missouri border.

Courtesy Kan. St. Hist. Soc. Shawnee Manual Labor School

Both houses soon elected radical proslavery officers, refused to seat the persons elected in May, and after hearing the Governor's message passed a bill moving the temporary seat of government to the Shawnee Manual Labor School. The act was pramptly vetoed and passed over the Governor's veto on July 6. The legislature then adjourned to meet at the Shawnee Manual Labor School on July 16. The four-day session at Pawnee had made obvious the bitter hostility between the legislature and the Governor and the determination of the legislature to seat only a proslavery personnel and to select a meeting place near proslavery Missouri. Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, 1854-1855 339

On assembling at the Shawnee Manual Labor School on July 16, the legislature began a momentous forty-five-day session adjourning on August 30. Its first bill passed was for establishing a ferry on the Missouri River at Kickapoo, opposite Weston. Governor Reeder vetoed it, July 21, on the ground that the legislature was an illegal body in having taken itself from the temporary capital at Pawnee, legally established by him. The legislature requested a decision on this point of the United States Supreme Court of the Territory. That court decided that the legal temporary capital was at the Shawnee Manual Labor School and that the legislature was the legally constituted legislative body of the terrirory. As it was also so recognized by the President, there was no legal ground for the free-state people refusing to recognize it as such. The legislature then adopted a memorial asking the President to remove Governor Reeder for his speculations and inefficiency and for his delay in calling elections, taking the census, and calling the legislature in session. The letter from Washington, D. C, removing Governor Reeder for his speculations in lands was dated July 28, 1855, and was issued before the legislature's memorial reached the President. The Governor announced his removal to the legislature on August 16. Both the acting Governor, Daniel Woodson, who was the territorial secretary, and the new Governor, Wilson Shannon, who had been appointed August 10 but did not arrive at Westport until September 1, were pronounced proslavery executives. The proslavery Missourians had won their battle with Governor Reeder. Among the important measures enacted by the territorial legislature were: establishing the permanent capital at Lecompton; providing that all local officials be appointed by the legislature; adopting the general laws from the Missouri statutes by changing the words "State" to "Territory" and "Missouri" to "Kansas;" passing a new and very severe slave code for protecting slavery as an institution against abolition sentiment and against non-enforce­ ment of the fugitive slave law of nation and territory; disqualifying as jurors anti-slavery citizens in slavery suits-at-law; and dis­ franchising citizens who had violated the fugitive slave law of the nation or who refused to take an oath to sustain the fugitive slave law or the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The penalty of death was pre­ scribed on conviction of persons for raising a rebellion of slaves, assisting in such a rebellion, or persuading slaves to rebel. The 340 Missouri Historical Review

penalty of death or ten years of hard labor was prescribed on con­ viction of persons for assisting slaves to run away. In his scholarly contribution to this subject, Dr. James C. Malin ("The Proslavery Background of the Kansas Struggle," in the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. X, pp. 285-95) best emphasizes and explains the importance of slavery in Kansas in the program and plan of Atchison and his associates. This im­ portance rested on the preservation of slavery not only in Missouri, but in and Texas, and on the extension of slavery in the Southwest and the West. Everything that was legal which helped attain the end of making slavery secure in Kansas was adopted and in fact was necessary to induce proslavery immigration. Dr. Malin comments only briefly but significantly on the slavery laws in these words: "The territorial legislature met during July and August and passed a stringent slave code. This was assurance that so long as they kept control slavery would be protected." Perhaps the character of the new slave code was best set forth in a letter by General B. F. Stringfellow to the Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser (Wilder, pp. 56f): "They have now laws more efficient to protect slave property than any other state in the Union. These laws have just taken effect, and have already silenced Abolitionists; for, in spite of their heretofore boasting, they know they will be enforced to the very letter, and with the utmost rigor. Not only is it profitable for slaveholders to go to Kansas, but politically it is all-important." The carefully planned program of the Missouri proslavery leaders had been successfully carried out. Much of the best wooded Kansas land had been settled by their followers. Their towns were well located close to the Missouri border. They had control of all departments including the military of the territorial government, both central and local. They had passed the laws they wanted to make slavery secure in Kansas and abolition sentiment insecure and dangerous. They had taken and maintained the offensive. And they were backed by the national administration.

This is the second of three articles on "Missouri's Proslavery Fight For Kansas, 185^-1855." The third will appear in the October, 195^, Review. Three Generations in the Span of a Continent 341

THREE GENERATIONS IN THE SPAN OF A CONTINENT

THE ZUMWALT FAMILY

EDITED BY EUGENIA LEARNED JAMES1 AND VIVIAN K. MCLARTY2

PART II Adam Zumwalt was born in and emigrated to Missouri in 1800, settling in St. Charles County near his brother, Jacob, who built Fort Zumwalt as a protection against Indian raids. In Part I Adam's son, Solomon, told of his parents' life in Missouri. In Part II he tells of his own boyhood, young manhood and marriage, and his emigration to Oregon.

THE BIOGRAPHY As I have riten a sktch of Adam Zumwalts life, I shal give a sketch of my one. I was the yonges chile of Adam Zumwalts. Thar was nerly 7 yers betwen me and my yongest brother Jonathan Zumwalt. I was bornd in Missouria November the 13, 1807. My mother took grate pains in razing me, taut me from a chile that the scriptures war troo and that thar was a reality in experi­ mental religen and that I cold never be truly hapa without a chaing of hart. She was very kind and good to me but she wood use the rod sooner if i told a faols hood then for enything els. I was fond of being with father. We had to work. He wood give us a task often for the wek. If we cold git so much work don we wood go fishing on Saterday. Father wood take me with him when i was a boy fishing on Cuever. I enjoid it very much. So my three sisters that was at home soon marid after the war. Fa-

1EUGENIA LEARNED JAMES, a native of Washington, D. C, is a graduate of Dick­ inson College, Carlisle, Pa. For three years she was the director of the tourist and historical inquiry section of the department of commerce, Commonwealth of Penn­ sylvania, and during World War II she served as chief of civilian personnel at a military post in Harrisburg. Now a resident of St. Louis, she specializes in heraldic art and history. 2VIVIAN K. MCLARTY, a native of , received her A. B., A. M., and Ph. D. degrees at the University of Illinois. She has taught history and government at the Mississippi State College for Women, the University of Illinois, and Stephens College, and is at present copy editor of the Missouri Historical Review. 342 Missouri Historical Review thars famly for a number of yers war ondly father and mother and brother Jonathan and myself. Missouria was a eza contry then to live in and we enjoid life so wel. We mad our one shugar, tand our one lether. Father had served som time at the taning bisnes. Made our one clous, plenty of gam and fish. We lived on the best. That part of the country dident setel for a long time. The emagracion seteld in the uper countes of the state. Things went on about the sam for a number of yers. So finly the led mines war discoverd up at Galena illanois. Brother Jonathan started for that place about the first of March, 1827 with 5 others took it afoot with thare blankets and provizion on thare backs a tramp of 300 miles. This was in 1827. I felt very lonly after he left. Soon a hand cam that brother had hiard to work in his place in the crop. My mother was wekly. I had to help her milk and wash. I told mother i wood ether mary or go too the mines. Thare was a wido lady lived ner us Mrses Groce. She had a dauter named Nanca a bout 17 yers old. I was in my 20. So we marid on the first day of November. My parents had gave thar consent. I marid a plesant companian. We lived with my parents. The soon becom so atatcht to her that thare was no one like Nanca with them. I lived 49 yers with her. She was one of the industres plesant women. Dide with a cansor in hur mouth but she has crost the stream of death with a chering hope of a gloris imortalata beond the grave. I woodent have her back to suffer again. My los is her gain. We had 14 children, Leucinda, Elizabeth, Jackson, Mary C, Ardelia, Tolaver L., Lueza, Sara F., Martha, Charles W., James R., Missouria A., Nancy M., Rachal. Thare ar 9 of them living at this date 1880. Jonathan Zumwalt got back from the led mines about 3 weeks before i marid. He marid the Febuary foling. So we went on in the roten of farming after fathers death. We put up a saw mill on a stream that run thrue my land. Got in a law sute a bout backing water on a man. We had went acording to law, got out of it all rite. We run that mil about 14 yers. Mad considrabel mony thar. Comen oak lumber was worth 15 doolars a thousand. I will hear state my wife embraced religen the sumer after we war marid in Warin Co at a camp meting '29. I formed resalucions severl times that i wood imbrace religen, wood becom discoredg and give it up and i rely thoat it was ondly for a part of our race. Brother Andrew argred me out of that ida. Ther was a camp Three Generations in the Span of a Continent 343 meting at Old Bethlaham in our neighbore hood about the close of the sumer of 31. Brother Jonathan and me camped thar and kept a tabel. Thrue the influenc of frends i went to the aulter of praor. Thare i first realized a pes in the saviour. I have never regretid that efort. I have ondly to reget that i havnt lived a more de­ voted life. My enjoiments wood ben grator. We had good society then in St. Charls Co. I servid the Church sevrel yers as a oficial member. Brother Andrew startid to Oregon in the spring of 46. We still coruspondid. He first rote unfavrabel of the country. Then after staing in it a fiew yers he rote very flatrin letors. He was a man that i cold depend on. So got in a notion to sel and moov to that far of country. The winter of 49 and 50 everyone that cood wel startid to Calafornia. The gold mines had broke out. Land in Missouria was worth but little so i sold at a loo price. In the spring of 50 my oldest dauter Elizabeth had marid James McCabe. I felt ancious to git all my children to Oregon. I fited them out for the trip partly with wagon and one yoke of steers and lond them som mony. His parent hadant more property then the law relaud them. He was the ondly child so they all come. I left my old place the 6 of April. The spring was late. We war a long time giting out of Missouria. People sad we wood have no gras on the plains. We crost the Missouria on the 24 of May six miles below old fort Carna3 on the Missouria. I found we cold bin on the plains too or three weks suner. We struck acros roling perari country on too the plat [Platte], traveld up that streem til we got to fort Carna on the plat. Thare the St. Jo rode com in. And I found the colra was raging very bad. I took the colra in a day or too. Thare war a number of trains in site. A frend of mine went to a train. He broat a docter in the evning. He was suckesesfool in stoping it on me tho he lost a paciant that nite in his one train. Thare war a grate number dide with the colra. The troubel was the wood not stop to docter thar sick. The wood kep a roling on. Thare was 7 wagons in our litle compana. I had five caces in my famly. We lost non. I wood stop and go to doctren. Thare was a man by the nam of Samuel Olaver that lives in Cla Co, Missouria, that traveld with us from that state. A good man

3Fort Kearny. In the spring of 1838 Col. Stephen Kearny and Nathan Boone selected the site, at the present Nebraska City. It was established in 1846 but was abandoned two years later in favor of one on the Platte. 344 Missouri Historical Review to travel with ezpecila to wate on the sick. He had ben up in the roca mountans 20 yers before with the American fur compna. We traveld together as far as Salt lake. He was going to Calaforna for gold. We got to lort Larama on the 4 of July.

Courtesy of American Pioneer Trails Association Pioneers near Independence Rock on the Sweetwater

When we got on Sueet water my oldest son Jackson took the flux. We lay by a while and dcterd all the remades we had, semed to doo no good. We roald on to South pas. Thare was a doctor a head of us. His tern got a way from him thrue him back one day. I recht him that evning. He told me he cold stop that. He sade that ofen folod the colra. He sent medson that stoped it. It worked like a charm. My boy was soon able to drive his team. I have alwais looked on that as a special provadence from god to spar me my boy. So we soon came to the rode that went too Salt lake. My compna sade the wood go thare to winter. McCabes sad the hadent provisian a nuf to go thrue to Oregon so i reluctentla went with them to Saltlake. We now traveld slo. Thar was nothing of much intrest hapend. We stade severl dais at fort Briger [Bridger, Wyo.], then lef for St lake, camped one evning in a valy now Parlys park. Three Generations in the Span of a Continent 345

We sede a hep of bar sine. So my son Jackson and McCabe took our guns to take a hunt. When we war about to start Olaver the old mountaner ses bois, if you see a grizly bar and have no trees you had betor let it alone. We went on acros the litel valy, went thrue sum low wila brush, com to a small opning. Thare we sede a larg grizly with a small cub not more then 40 pases from us. Thare war no tres and i told the bois we had betor not fier on her as our guns war smawl bord rifels musel loders. We turn doun the litel strem. The bar saw us then and com rite after us. The cub did not seme to folow its mother and we got away without a fite. Going back to camp was sede a nother monster. That on was som distanc of. We got to camp all rite and felt glad that that we dent git into seris combat.

Courtesy of American Pioneer Trails Association Valley of the Great Salt Lake from Little Mountain

We next mornig on the 19th of Augest startid our temes crost a divid wen doun a canion campt in the canion. Next day a bout noon we cam out in the grate Salt lake valy. We rold daun too the sita, camped on the west side of the sita, turnd our cattl of on Jourdan. The Mormen frends com to our camp to have a big talk with the newcomers. The told me the crickets war about to distrowe thare crops. God sent host of seguls that ete the crikets 346 Missouri Historical Review

and savid thare crops. And that thare was no gras in the valy til the Mormans com thar. So i looked a round and sede old turfs of gras on the ground. So i thodt the war triing to stoof me and i belived just what i was amint too. The next day 22 of Augest we rold out on the utaw rode, went about 20 miles, camped on a streem cold dri coten wood, found plenty of water, gras, and wood. I stoped thar to winter. The nerist setlers war 6 miles tord the cita on litle coten wood. Thar was a setelment of Masipans [Missis- sippians] thar that had some black people. One of them cam out to my camp and sade i wood do wel to kep a hurd of catel. I had good rang. He sade it wood help pay my expencis. He wood help me git up a hurd. His nam was Smith. I soon got quita hurd and it was a grate help to me. I had a boy Tolaver about 12 or 13 yers old. I had boat him a small rifel. I fixt him on a hors. He was my hurde boy. I put up a haus and made me a corel, cut quite a lot of ha. The winter was faverabel—did not nede it much. Thare war sevrrl snoos but the wind wood blow it of the benches that the cattle cood git at the bunch gras. The semed to like it betor then hay. Mr. Smith told me i cood git plenta of vegetabels if i wood put up Bishop Crosbes [J. R. Crosby's] vegatables. I took a wagon and teem and put up a larg lot of potatos and turnups and bets and cabg. The Bishop told me to take all the famly wood nede thrue the winter and i must say to the credet of them mormen frends the tretid me like a gentelmen. I got a long wel with the mormans genrly i thoat. Th war ofen at my haus giting that work cattle out of the hurd. These larg white wolvs war bad when i first stopt. Tha kild som caus. I had a band of larg steers. The wood run like a thunder storm. Whare thare was a small anamel atactid the wodent releve it. Something i never new in Missouria, the mormen got stricknen [strychnine] and kild them all of. This was the firts i new of stricknen. We war living comfertly thar for emagrants. One evning thare com a morman precher one of the seventy. We had a heep of talk that evning. I dident bar doun on his religen. We got a long wel. He started in the morning. Old Mr. McCabe was cuting wood before his cabin. He went thar to convert him. Mc bore doun bad on Morminism, sade Brigem Yong had no Three Generations in the Span of a Continent 347 more religen then his wagon. The precher he said thare was som hops for me but non for McCabe, stamped the dust of his feet, and left. Thare war some men one evning camped on the crek ner the haus, said the war from Calafornia. Wm Crowe was at my haus that evning and a quantanc. He ses to my son Jackson les go too thar camp and hear Calaforna neus. The axt the bois what knd of people these mormens war. The bois bore doun hard on the mormens. The war mormens them selvs. The went to the sita and reported i had born doun on them. I new nothing ove it. In a fiew dais thar com som emagrants from utaw told me the mormens talked of runing my catle of. It made me feel very indignant that the wood draw something from bois to git a row the me. I went over to litle coten wood and gave the cas just as it was. The made lite of it, sad thare war as bad people in the mor- man Church as thar ware ena whare. So i was all rite again. Mister Goodal com a round hunting up the emagrants that war going to Oregon. We selectid a streem cold Box elder. It is be­ tween Ogden and Bar river [Bear River, Utah]. We was to colect a bout the 20 of March. I got my hurd of ove my hands and started for our randavous. I had to pas thrue the sita. The leved a tax on me of $19.80. I got to box elder. I found a goodly number colectid thar bound for Oregon. We mad a ras of 24 wagons. We cold a meting electid the Rev Mr Goodal a Prisbetrian minister from Mishagun. He mad a very good capton. We rold out on the 27 of March crost Bar river on the first day of April. The wether was very changabel. We had three snow storms on us. We had to lay by a day or too at ech place. We finly gaut out of the grate bason of the Saltlake on Decasia or Raft river as som coal it, a tributara of Snake river. We lade by thar a fiew dais had a silabracion thar. We war out of the Morman country. We had a Methadist minister in our compny the Rev Mr. Brooks. He deliverd an adres. They formd in line fierd a platoon. The felt hapa indede that the war out of mormindam. Som of our compna war for going to Oregon on a suthren rode whare a brother of mine suferd badly 4 yers befor. I suckseded in preventing that. We traveled doun Raft river 3 dais struck the old Oregdn rode 40 miles wes of fort hall [Idaho]. Travld doun Snake river severl dais. Nothing hapend of much intrust. We finly for to Saman [Salmon] river [Idaho] whare it enters Snake 348 Missouri Historical Review

river. Our train was like to split up. Thare was a fols alarm goten up to kepe the train together. It prooved suxsesfool. That stoped the talk of seprating. So we traveld next day til noon, had som sick catel lade by that after noon. We drove the catle to gras had too hurders with them. Thar war som indians cam to camp. The left went whare the hurd men war. Tride to git a gun from one of the hurd men. The dident sucksed. The other hurder wavid his hat gave the alarm. Thare was 3 horsis at camp. It was som distanc of. The indians pitcht in to Snake river. The bois shot at them but i dont think the hit eny. We coreld our wagons that evning as we had ben in the habit of doing drove our stock in the corel. At nite put out three pikets. We had organized. The pikets war to stay on gard til in the morn­ ing. A little while after dark one of the pikets fierd and com runing. The was placed a bout one hundrid yards from the corel. We plast the piket back again at his post. After a bit he fierd again and com in. We wen to his post found a indian raper with too bulit hols in it. The dident trobel any mor that nite. We sede in the morning that the piket Tanda had kild the indian and the indians had taken the ded indian acros the Snake river. So we rold out next morning. Thar was a narow plas in the river boundid on both sides with blufs and rocks. The wagons war scatered a forth of a mile or more. I was at the hind end of the train driving loos stock. I sede a number of indians colected on the pint of a bluf acros the river. The fierd at us. Thare bulits whized over our heds. The men com runing firing at them but the indians war behind rocks. The cold not hurt them. Thare was a larg indian got on a rock and holard. Thare was a yong man named Malany (?) had a short patent rifel. He shot at that indian. He turned of the rock very quick. The quit shooting. After we got a mile away we had a glas. We sede them puting a dead indian on a hors. I exspected we wood have trobel that nite but the dident com to our camp. We cam on down Snake river too or 3 dais travel, camped in a canion. Three indians cam to our camp in the evning late. We wood not let them leve that nite. Put them under a gard. A little after nite one of the pickets fiard and com in. A indian holard but i think it was tant. The fierd in camp but hit non of us. The kep us up all nite. In the morning we let the prisners go. Thare war 5 of 6 yong men that had horsis that war a kind of frunt Three Generations in the Span of a Continent ' 349 gard. Wood be a half mile a hed of the train. Being kept up all nite mad them very indgnant. They swore the wood kill every indian the sede. Cpt. Goodal com to me sade he wood see that the stock was driven for me to ride with thes men and to not let them kill frendly indians. We war riding doun Snake, sede a indian at a distanc coming meting us. The proposed shuting him when ner a nuf. I told them that wodent doo. When he com up he spok good inglish. He was the expres carier for the Hudson Bay compny from Boisa [Boise, Idaho] to walawala [Walla Walla, Wash.]. He stade all nite with us and helped us acros the Oyhe [Owyhee] at fort Boisa. We got thar on the 4 of May. The post was held then by the Hudson bay compny. So three of us got a canue and crost to the fort ancious to hear the nues. We found a Scotch man thare. He semed a nice intelagent man. He sade we war in no grate danger, the indians war scaterd that time of the yer. He sed it dident mater much to kil a bad indian but it was bad to kill a good indian. We left the fort on the 5. We still coreld our wagons and drive in the stock at nite. The second evning we got to the Malhuia [Malheur River, Ore.]. My son Jackson was on picket, shot at a indian. We suposed drew som blood. That was the last truble with the indians. The streems war all flush of water that time of the yer. It gave us a hepe of trobel to ford the streems. On Burnt river [Oregon] the gras had went to sede and waved in the bres like a gran field. We finly recht the grand raund [Grand Ronde] valy on the 10 of May. It semed like a paradice for the cattle. We stad thar too nits, then struk the hill whare legran [Legrande, Ore.] now stands. Had a hard time giting over grand round river. We finly recht the Umatila [Oregon] the 16, lade over som. Finly got to the Dais [Dalles on the Columbia River] on the 28. The sno was in the caskads so the temes codant cros in les then a month. So i broat my famly down to Portland by water, told the bois to stay at the Dais one month and i wood go over and help bring the wagons acros. I rentid a haus in Portland for my famly, stade my time, startid to cros the cascades, met them in the mountan. The had got along wel. So we all got together again in Portland. Even my dog that was with the bois when he found my wif and children, 350 Missouri Historical Review he was the hapest anamel i amost ever seed. We stad severl dais in Portland. The fourth of July com of while we war thar. So we started for Poke county. I had too brothers living on the big Lucamut [Luckiamute]. We finly got up thar Andrew and John. I movid soon up in the loer end of King valy [Benton County, Ore.]. Got me a tolerable far harf section claim. Put me up a haus and fenst considrubel land and broke and sode som whet. I becom disatisfide and got me a plas too miles beloe Eugene. I made a good chang. I had a fine plesant place. My land produst remarkabl. I lived 20 yers on that place. It was the most plesant part of my life in Oregon. I moved up in lain [Lane] county late in the faol of 52. We had a hard winter depe sno for a while. My catel wintered tolerabel wel. I lost hevly in hogs. In the faol of 53 thare was a emagracion com doun the midel fork of the Willamet. We heard the war in starving condician so we cold a meting of the setlers and made up too or three lods of flouer. The all got in saf. Quit a number of them took clams on the peraria and severl becom neighbors to me. Next spring i think about the first of May brother Andrew has sent apintment to prech at my haus. The Rev. Thomis Pearn [Thomas H. Pearne] and brother Andrew the broat a yong brother nam Noah Star that i think he precht his first surment then. Thare was a larg congration. Brother Purn did som of his good preching, opend the door of the church. The letors com in from these newcomers and we got up a fin sociaty rite of.4 Had regler preching for severl yers. This was before Eugens tim. So in the corce of severl yers Eugene becom a litle counta seet. The methadist wanted a church thar. Thrue the efarts of Rev. Walar [Alvin F. Waller] he raized a subscription. I furnisht all the timber, cut the wether bording. We got us up a good church that is thar at the present time. Thare has bin severl confurances held in that church. I becom aquantid with a most all of the erly prechers, Wilber, Roberts, Waller, Purn, N. Star, P. Star, J. Flin, Royal, N. Clark,5 and a number of others.

^Oregon Historical Society Quarterly, 35 (Dec, 1934), 385 says that the Methodist Church in Eugene was organized in 1854 at the farm of Solomon Zumwalt. 5Jas H. Wilbur, William H. Roberts, Alvin F. Waller, Thomas H. Pearne, John Flinn, James H. B. Royal. In 1933 a notice appeared in the Christian Advo­ cate and Journal published in New York stating that several Indians belonging to the Flat Head tribe west of the Rockies had made a journey to St. Louis to inquire about the white man's God. On hearing this the officers and managers of the missionary Three Generations in the Span of a Continent 351

I finly lost my helth ner Eugene and was aflicted with the cronic rumatis in my hip and nee. I sold my farm and boat land on Mohock [Mohawk]. It improvid my helth. My wife becom very harta. Thare was a fungus groth com in her mouth. It finly turnd to a cansor. It took her of after sufring some too yers. I still sufer som at times. It has made me lam, i think, for life or up to this dat March the 7, 1880. society of the Methodist Episcopal church decided to establish a mission in Oregon. In 1834 the Rev. Jason and Daniel Lee established the Methodist Mission in the Willamette Valley, Ore. See "The Mission Record Book of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Willamette Station . . .," Oregon Historical Society Quarterly, 23 (Sept., 1922), 230-32. Horace S. Lyman, History of Oregon (New York, North Pacific, 1903). In 1853 Willamette University was chartered and many of the ministers mentioned by Zumwalt were on the board of trustees. They were the pioneers of the 1840's and 1850's in the Methodist church in Oregon. See T. T. Geer, Fifty Years in Oregon (New York, Neale, 1912), pp. 72-92. 352 Missouri Historical Review

SWEDISH IMMIGRANT LETTERS IN DALLAS COUNTY 1873 TO 1908

EDITED BY C. TERENCE PIHLBLAD*

For students of European immigration to America no source has been more important than the ''America letters." These were the letters written to relatives and friends in the lands from which the immigrants came as well as those received from the folks at home. Their accounts of experiences in America and descriptions of conditions in the new world served as powerful motivations to immigration to America and contributed to the mounting "America fever" which reached its height in northern Europe during the late decades of the nineteenth century. These letters provide us also with an invaluable insight into American community life as seen by the newcomers and their reaction to it. In his We Who Built America1 Professor Carl Wittke describes the significance of these letters: But the great majority were enthusiastic descriptions of a land of unlimited opportunity, in contrast with what was available to the poor at home. They were first read and reread by the simple and credulous people to whom they were originally addressed, then widely circulated among relatives, and friends, and often read by the entire village. . . . One or two such "America letters" were sufficient stimulus to spread the ''America fever" through an entire parish. Many other students of immigration in American life, both his­ torians and sociologists, have also made wide use of such materials.2 *c. TERENCE PIHLBLAD, a native of Lindsborg, Kan., received his A. B. from Bethany College, Lindsborg, 1917, and his Ph.D. from the University of Missouri, 1925. He has been chairman of the department of sociology at the university since 1939 and professor of sociology since 1945. He is now on leave in Oslo, Norway, as a Fulbright Scholar. ^arl Wittke, We Who Built America (New York, Prentice Hall, 1939), p. 104. 2See also: George M. Stephenson: The Religious Aspects of Swedish Immigra­ tion (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1932), and also "When America Was the Land of Canaan," Minnesota History, Vol. X, No. 3, pp. 237-60. Theodore C. Blegen, Norwegian Migration to America, 1825-1860 (Northfield, Minnesota, The Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1931). Marcus Lee Hansen: "Immigration: A Field For Research" in The Immigrant in American History, Harvard University Press, also printed in Common Ground, Autumn issue, 1941. Frontier Mother: The Letters of Gro Svendsen, translated and edited by Pauline Farseth and Theo. C. Blegen (Northfield, Minnesota, Norwegian-American Historical Association). W. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki: The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, 2 vols. (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1927). Bek. Wm. G. "Gottfried Duden's Report, 1824-1827," Missouri Historical Review, Vol. XIII, pp. 44-56, 151-81, 251-81. Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 353

The letters contained in this article are a small part of a collec­ tion of correspondence of a Swedish immigrant family which settled in Dallas County near Buffalo, Missouri, in 1869. Unlike most Swedish immigrants, who settled in rural America during those years, our correspondents did not make their homes in a community of their own people, as did most of their compatriots in Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Dakotas, and even Kansas. In neighboring Hickory County, near the town of Hermitage, a few Swedish families were close enough to permit occasional visiting, and a few letters in the collection from friends in Hickory County indicate some occasional contact with fellow countrymen. It might be noted here that rela­ tively few Swedish immigrants settled in rural Missouri. Probably the largest settlement was near Bucklin, in Linn County, described by Lindquist in an article in the Missouri Historical Review} The U. S. Census for 1890 reports only nine persons of Swedish birth in Dallas County. The correspondents are the two Andersson brothers. The oldest, named Hokan,4 emigrated to America with his family and settled near Buffalo in 1869. A younger brother, Johan, was the recipient of the early letters, written between 1873 and 1879. He seems to have brought them with him when he emigrated to America in 1879. It appears that Johan took the name Joseph, after he came to Missouri. Most of the later letters, both from the family in Sweden and from friends in both Sweden and the United States, are addressed to Joseph.5 The first letter, dated March, 1873, is from Hokan, the oldest and first of the brothers to come to the United States, and is ad­ dressed to the younger brother (Johan) in Sweden. It is similar to thousands of * 'America letters" describing conditions in the new world and comparing the relative affluence of America with the poverty and struggle at home. These letters played a most sig­ nificant role in the great emigration from Scandinavia to America in the late sixties, seventies and eighties. One notes, however, a note of caution and unwillingness to be responsible for disappoint-

3Emory Lindquist, "The Swedes of Linn County, Missouri," Missouri Historical Review, XLV (January, 1951), 138-49. 4Anglicized spelling. 5From descendants of the family it was learned that Johan and Joseph pertain to the same person. To change name was common among immigrants. In this case the names seem to have been used interchangeably both by friends and relatives still in Sweden and by friends located elsewhere in the United States. 354 Missouri Historical Review ment in the event that things in America did not live up to expecta­ tions.6 This cautious tone appears over and over again in other letters. THE LETTERS Buffalo, March 10, 1873 My Dear Brother Johan: Your letter of February 3 has been received. It gives us a real joy to learn that everything goes well with you. We have been blessed with good health up to the present time and hope that these lines will find you in sound condition. Now we also want to let you know something of how we have things in other respects. It is not much to boast about, but if we have our health things will be well enough. I have not been moving around much since I am not inclined in that way and besides, until one has learned to speak English, it is best not to have too large plans. We have not been home on our land this winter (however). We had just arrived home when we received your letter. We have now planted a few trees, a hundred of them. About five acres of our field have been planted to corn, potatoes, flax and . . . (illegible). Of cattle, I have only one more cow but she will have a calf soon. Now I am considering going out to work to earn enough money to buy a horse or a pair of oxen so that I can work the land. I note in your letter that you wish you could talk with me. I wish that too. I am afraid, however, that can't be unless you feel the urge to come to us since, certainly, we can't go back to Sweden and have it as good as we have here. If you could get some true "friend" to come with you, and if you wanted to come, I am sure that you could get land for little enough. But I do not want to urge you unless you yourself thought that, with God's help you could come. I have heard from many of my friends that they have written to acquaintances, -and when these have come, they have been angry at the ones who wrote them. This has not happened to me yet among those I have sent for. Now I must bring my letter to a close, etc., Your devoted Brother and Sister Mr. Hokan Andersson Buffalo, Dallas County, Missouri P. O. Box 22 America 6Gottfried Duden makes this point also in his autobiography. Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 355

As indicated in this letter, a considerable number of newly arrived immigrants, who settled on farms, were compelled to seek supplemental employment during the winter months to secure the funds necessary to support the family or to equip the farm. Some of them worked on neighboring farms, on the newly building rail­ roads or at other employment. This appears to have been the case with Hokan who found employment in a nursery in the neighbor­ hood where he learned something of the horticultural art. The next letter, written more than four years later, indicates that material progress on the farm has been rather slow. A note of misgiving concerning the whole business of the move to America may also be detected. Two paragraphs are quoted:

Buffalo, May 27, 1877 My dear Brother Johan: The Lord's Peace be with you! [Two long paragraphs are concerned with apologies for failing to write and description of the state of the family health and best wishes for continued health of addressee.] In February I bought me a right good horse for which I paid $55.00. I have done the work with him. Of other animals we have only one cow and eleven pigs, one sow with pigs since January and two with pigs since last October. They seem of a good sort. We have quite a few chickens, 25 old and 150 new ones have been raised this spring. Some are large enough to sell. I now do not have much more to tell you except that we have had a very wet, cold spring, but the wheat and rye look good enough but the corn (karnet) is rather small yet. Dear Brother, please do not get tired of writing and letting me know how things are with you now, if times are worse or better than when I was in Sweden. And tell me how things are with the fruit trees in the country. Would there be any chance for me to come home and be a gardner since I have worked quite a bit in that line here? I could have quite a few grapes of all kinds with me from here to start up with. But I want to know if you think there might be a market for such things. Dear Brother, greet our parents, etc., etc. From your devoted Brother Hokan Andersson 356 Missouri Historical Review

Two years later Hokan again writes to Johan about plans for emigration. The letter contains information about progress on the farm, wages and working conditions in America, costs of the journey, and a rather amusing comment on comparative marriage customs.

Buffalo, June 17, 1879.

God's Grace and Peace be with us all is my wish! .... First of all, let me thank you for your letter of May 12 which I received a couple of weeks ago and in which I see that you are seriously contemplating coming to America. That plan I in no way oppose, for I am sure that I am better off here than if I had remained in Sweden. Not that times are so good here now since everything is so low in price and there is little money. But for the working class one can here get land and cattle and establish his own place a great deal easier. But it is a great change to come here since one has to start all over again. I imagine that if you came to us you would have many surprises, both as to the language and because land is much cheaper

Emigrants at Union Station, St. Louis, 1879 Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 357 than in other parts. With reference to wages, I don't know if one is better off than elsewhere because they are very poor now. I do not wish to urge anyone to come so that I may not be blamed if they meet with disappointment. I write about things as they are here as nearly as I can. How they are elsewhere, I don't know, since I have no newspaper. From the 14th to the 17th I have been in the oats and wheat harvest and have been binding behind the machine for $1.00 per day. Otherwise, wages are from 25c to 50c or half-a- dollar per day. The crops here look good. Now a little about our voyage here. I traveled on the Cunard Line and Ingrid went the same way. Ingrid's trip cost $61.00. That was $45.00 over the ocean and $16.10 on the railroad from New York to St. Louis. Then, in addition, she paid $9.00 from St. Louis to Lebanon and $3.00 from Lebanon to Buffalo. I imagine that it is cheaper now. Concerning the exchange I don't know anything; you will have to get that information. From Chicago here, I don't know how far it is, but it costs about the same as from New York. [The writer seems to be hazy as to distances and geography.] You mention coming with a friend [fiancee] and ask what I think about that. If you have enough money saved then get mar­ ried in Sweden because it is not permitted here to live together unmarried. Then, another thing, if a * 'friend" comes here she can very easily become unfaithful. If two of you come together, I would advise you to buy a spinning wheel, fasten it with screws to a board and get yourself a chest big enough to hold the wheel. Bring mate­ rial for men's and women's clothes. Make the chest big enough to hold all these things. If you have good clothes take them with you. If you bring a woman it would be a good thing to dye wool yarn and take with you.

Ingrid and I send our greetings and wish you the best of luck on your trip. Greet all the relations and friends.

Signed by your brother, Hokan Andersson

In the early fall another letter in similar vein contains more information about prospects in America. 358 Missouri Historical Review

Buffalo, Sept. 1, 1879

Best Brother Johan: Peace be with you! I am thankful for your letter of July 28 ... . You say you don't know how you are going to get along since there are so many going without work. I don't know anything about that. All I know is that since coming to America I have never had to complain on that score. Right now two people want me to work for them. I have been working for an American, a very courteous man. You ask about land again. If you are here in the fall I have heard that 80 acres, bordering my land on the west, is to be sold at auction in October. It will go to the highest bidder and will be sold at a very low price. A part has already been worked but fifty of the eighty acres can be tilled. There is also quite a bit of timber. I imagine that about $25 or $30 will be paid for it. But you know how you are situated. The exchange is 3 crowns to the dollar if I remember correctly. After Ingrid came I didn't have much left so that we could get every­ thing we needed, but now we have made a beginning in getting the necessary things. One of the cows has had a calf so that now there are three cows, 11 pigs, 8 large and 3 small, also five sheep . . . and chickens we have without number, and a large and fairly good horse. We are well established on the land . . . As I see it, if you could get ready to come here this fall it would be best for you. Here it is not so cold in the winter, but much warmer in summer . . . the cold generally begins in November . . . He who will work can always get sustenance here. I have had a good harvest on our place this summer because I stayed at home more, and have worked less away from home. The land is very productive. Hereabouts is very good land. About three English miles away the land is called "prairie." There are no stones and no woods and one can see fields and meadows without end. The land where I live is called "timber" and river bottom. We are three Swedish families here . . . [the letter is torn and part lost] [Marginal note:] It would be best to buy a ticket straight through in Malmo or Kristianstad to St. Louis. After that get a ticket to Lebanon from St. Louis. Be so kind as to greet parents and . . . Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 359

From a letter, dated a month later we may judge that the final decision has been made and that Johan is on his way to America. This letter, unlike many written by immigrants on the eve of de­ parture for America, wastes no space on feelings and sentiments about leaving the homeland, or on leave taking with parents, rela­ tives and friends. It is quite matter of fact with consideration of material matters uppermost.

Gothenberg, Oct. 16, 1879 My dear Brother Hokan: God's Grace and Peace be with you and us all, is my wish. I want to write you a few lines and let you know that I am now on my journey to America. Tomorrow I leave Gothenberg and set out on the North Sea. I want to let you know that I have bought a ticket from Gothenberg to St. Louis. It cost 170 crowns. Dear Brother be so kind and meet me in Buffalo. Otherwise I shall be completely confused. I don't know a thing since I can't speak the language but with God's help I hope that we meet if I am fortunate on the trip over the ocean. I want to send you my deepest love in the event that some misfortune might occur, but I believe that God will help me over. Now I must close my letter with dearest greetings from me, my parents, brothers and sisters, relatives and friends, but first and foremost from me. Your Brother, John Andersson

I have written an earlier letter but it must have been held up on the way so I am writing this. Johan arrived in Buffalo a few weeks after his letter from Goth­ enberg. Apparently he did not follow the suggestion of his brother to "get married in Sweden" since we find him later carrying on considerable correspondence both with fair acquaintances whom he had known before emigrating as well as with new ones he had met in this country. Like many a new immigrant, Johan looked about for a wife among other Swedish people. Here, however, he was handicapped since there must have been few eligible prospects 360 Missouri Historical Review

among the two or three families in his neighborhood. Thus we find him turning to the nearby Hickory County Swedes. From the father of a prospect he received the following letter:

1885 Starck Crick and Cross Timbers

Mr. J. Andersson, Buffalo. First of all I should like to tell you that our daughter has written and asked for your photograph which I have sent to her just today. The reason for not sending it earlier is the fact that the two letters which I have written her and asked about this matter have remained unanswered until now. I have a letter from her every month but not one word about this matter until now. I have reached the conclusion that God's will is the best. If He has decided, it will come to pass. If your hand and heart are still free it will be well to write her there. We will send it off. And if it is desired I think she would come this fall. Then the two of you could meet. At the present time she is in Rock Island at the same place. Write us a few lines about your decision in this matter. M. Ericksson

The next spring we find a very indifferent reply to Joseph's [Johan's] suit: Hickory County 19 April 1886 Mr. Andersson, Buffalo Thank you for the two letters and the greeting together with the enclosures which were sent to Hickory, Missouri. My parents and I think that Mr. Andersson is a very esteemed person but promises and plans for the future cannot now be made. See Swedish history of Queen Christiana and her letter to Charles Gustavus the 10th.7 It may be that the circumstances will arise that some of us sometime can come to Buffalo. Many greetings from us here. With the highest regards. Selma Ottilia Ericksson.

7Reference to Sweden's "Virgin Queen." Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 361

Joseph appears to have been reluctant to abandon the suit since the collection of letters contains a number of practice attempts, written on school notebook paper, addressed to Selma. One letter, written on correspondence stationery decorated with hearts and flowers, in very stilted and formal style, attempts to establish a basis for friendship. Apparently Joseph's courage failed him since the letter was not sent. In the two following letters from John Ander­ sson, a close friend living also in Hickory County, we find evidence that Joseph must have enlisted help in his search for a wife. The references to Selma also explain why the suit for her hand came to nothing. Almon, Missouri August 12, 1886 Dear Friend: In God's Name! First I want to thank you for your letter, etc. ... I hope that you and other friends in Dallas County are well. Now I must tell you that I intended to write you even if I had not received a letter from you. I wish that you would come over here for a visit. I have another girl for you. This one has her full reason, is able to manage a household, and make a man happy indeed. I have talked to her and to her father about you and if you can win the girl's heart, you would attain both a fine wife and a farm in the bargain. Give my best regards to ... . Tell them to come soon or they will be too busy ever to come. God's Grace and Peace be with you is the wish from your friend. John Andersson

The second letter from friend Andersson also has some interest in indicating participation of immigrants in local government. Andersson seems to have taken his public office seriously.

Almon, Missouri Nov. 4, 1886 Dear friend, Joe Andersson: I have been waiting a long time to hear from you ... I have seen nothing of the girl or her father either, so I can't greet you from them but I think they are well or I would have heard other­ wise. 362 Missouri Historical Review

Now I must tell you that they took Selma Ericksson to the insane asylum. They took her yesterday and she was absolutely wild. I must tell you also that I have been elected Justice of the Peace, for which office you have heard that I was a candidate. Write soon and let me know how things went for you at Black Oak. Your secret will be as well guarded by me as it would be by yourself. Greet Petersons and tell them that I intended to write them but that my wife's plans to come there soon for a visit made it unnecessary. They can expect her in a couple of weeks. I should like to see the Peterssons too but we can't both leave at the same time. Now I can't leave until my term has expired. I must stay here and take care of my business. Tell Petersson that the 200 acres of land which he inspected and which he planned to trade for are to be sold for the mortgage. If he can buy them he will be able to get them at a good price and a fine farm at that. Write soon again. Your friend, John F. Andersson.

After the failure of the affair with Selma, Joseph, perhaps fol­ lowing up the suggestion of his friend John Anderson, seems to have tried once more. A number of letters from Anna Johnson, at Her­ mitage, are found in the collection. We reproduce one of these:

Hermitage, August 3, 1887

Dear Joseph Andersson: God's Peace! I take my pen in hand in order that through this medium I might communicate with you. First, let me thank you so much for your welcome letter which I received a long time ago wherein I find that at the time of writing you were in excellent health. I, also, at the present time, enjoy good health, the greatest gift from Heaven to man on earth. Time passes rapidly on and we must follow along. This summer we have had very warm and oppressive heat, at least to me that is the way I have felt it. It has been warmer than any summer ever before. Now, I must tell you that I have had a guest for a couple of weeks. Sister Emma came home quite unexpectedly since we didn't know she was planning to come until she walked into the house. Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 363

Now she is already gone. She went yesterday. So now I am alone again. We talked many times about you when she was here and she would have been so happy to see you. I was on the point of writing you to come up while she was here but since she was in such a hurry to return to Kansas City there seemed to be no time. She sends you her dearest greetings. Dear Joseph you must be kind and forgive me that I have been so negligent since, although I have treasured your last letter, when I look at it, I find that it was dated the 23th of June and today is the 3rd of August. I realize that it is a long time to have to wait for an answer. But you must not think that you have been forgotten by me for no day passes that you have not been in my thoughts. I must close my poor scribble for this time. I send my dearest greetings from me to you. Annie Johnson

Nothing seems to have come of the friendship with Anna since there is no further mention of her name in any of Joseph's corre­ spondence.8 One final letter from Joseph to the family in Sweden is included. This letter is dated 1887, eight years after his arrival in Buffalo, and is written in response to requests from the brother-in-law, Sven, for money and for advice with respect to the proposal of the latter to emigrate to America. August 1, 1887 Buffalo, Dallas County, Missouri Dear Mother, brother-in-law, brothers and sisters, relatives and friends: My very best wishes for you now and always. Dear Friends, I take my pen in hand to write you there at home a few simple lines, you, who still live in that beloved Fatherland, and let you know how things go with us, far separated from you in a foreign land. Well, Sven Svensson, I must thank you most heartily first for your letter of February 1, 1887, which I safely received but to which a reply has been so long delayed. I must tell you that I have ex­ tremely busy with my work so that the moments have fled by, one

8From information obtained from descendants of Joseph it appears that he failed in his quest for a Swedish bride. It was reported that he married an "American" girl in neighboring Polk County. 364 Missouri Historical Review after the other ... I can say that I have every reason to thank our loving God and heavenly Father for his grace and the gifts which he has showered on me. . . . I must tell you that I am employed at my usual work. I work for a nursery (or orchard) which was my first place of work in America. I get $18.00 per month and my board and room. This is about equal to 65 crowns and 65 ore in Swedish money. I must tell you a little about the climate here in America. We have had plenty of rain and very changeable weather up to the end of June but since July it has been terribly hot. There have been many days when the temperature has gone over 100 degrees in the shade and in the sun it has climbed to 125. You can be sure that it is hard to work in such heat. Well, Sven Svensson, you ask me my opinion about coming to America. . . . [Here the letter is torn and the remainder missing.]

Some of the descendants of the Andersson brothers still live in and around Buffalo, Missouri, at the present time. From them, it has been learned that the elder brother, Hokan, immigrated to America in 1869 and was followed soon thereafter by his wife, Ingrid. The children were all born in America. As indicated in the letters, Johan, or Joseph as he was later called, followed ten years later. Hokan died in 1915 and Joseph, in 1929. The two sons of Hokan, now elderly men, still reside on the home farm, about four miles from the county seat town, Buffalo. Sons of Joseph live on either side of the original homestead. Grandchildren have attended school in Buffalo and several of them still reside in the community. Others have scattered to various parts of the United States. Descendants of other Swedish families mentioned in the letters as living in the Hermitage neighborhood in Hickory County, still reside in the locality. Within the family, at the present time, there appears to exist very little knowledge of, or interest in, the Swedish language or culture. All that remains is the knowledge that their ancestors emigrated from Sweden to America. This Week in Missouri History 365

f HIS WEEK IN * .//^ C jiissoilRi HISTORY: Compiled by the ^^*0tA»*^&***tM STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI _^_ at Columbia C. Shoemaker. S<

These articles make up the second issue of a new series of historical feature articles which were distributed in March, April, and May to newspapers throughout the State. The new series began in January with thumbnail sketches, in question and answer form, of Meriwether Lewis, James B. Eads, and George Washington Carver. They continue in this issue with other short biographies of prominent Missourians of the past. Miss Jean Brand wrote the articles under my editorship and did the research for illustrations. Both of the pictures in the first article were found in the Society's photograph files. The portrait in the second article came from Maude Horine's Memories of Rose O'Neill, through the cour­ tesy of Mrs. Louis F. Meeker, and the other illustration from the book The Kewpies and the Runaway Baby, through the courtesy of Joseph L. Kallus. The third portrait is reprinted by permission of the Arthur H. Clark Co., publishers, from J. V. Frederick's Ben Holladay, the Stagecoach King, and the additional picture is from an oil painting by Walter de Maris, owned by the Society. When these articles were published in the newspapers of the State they were illustrated with one picture only of the subject of the sketch but in reprinting them in the Review an additional picture for each article was added. References accompany each article for those who may wish to read further.

FLOYD c. SHOEMAKER since 1915 has been secretary and librarian of the Society and editor of the Missouri Historical Review. 366 Missouri Historical Review

A GENERAL FROM MISSOURI LED AMERICA IN WORLD WAR I Released March 11, 1951+

From a Linn County farm to the nation's highest military post, this Missourian rose to save his country in time of peril. Do you know his name?

His Boyhood Home in Laclede

Where was his boyhood home? A. He was born near Laclede in 1860, son of a section boss on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. At eighteen he obtained a certificate to teach in a near-by school for $35 per month, saving his money to pay his way through two summer sessions at the State Normal School at Kirksville. When did he begin his military career? A. He was ambitious for a college education and when he heard that examinations for West Point were to be given at the old courthouse at Trenton, he applied. The nation gained a future great general when he came out first in the examina­ tion, with a one-point lead over his nearest competitor. At West Point the young Missouri cadet attained the highest mili­ tary honors awarded and graduated with the class of 1886.

3. How did he first win notice? A. His first job as an army officer was a tour of duty in the Southwest, where he pursued the Indian leader Geronimo. He This Week in Missouri History 367

was a military instructor at the University of Nebraska during 1891-95. He served with the cavalry in the Santiago campaign in Cuba in 1898 and gained the nickname "Black Jack." Later, he tired of a Washington desk job and asked for transfer to the Philippines, where he led successful expeditions against the insurgents and Moros, 1900-1903. For his dis­ tinguished work in the Moro campaign and as observer in the Russo-Japanese War, President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 personally promoted him in rank from captain to brigadier general.

What work brought his great­ est fame? A. In 1916 he was in charge of United States troops sent to Mexico in pursuit of the bandit leader Villa. His skillful management of the delicate international situa­ tion with Mexico brought him fame. In May, 1917, he was selected to command the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Given the rank of full general, his suc­ cessful leadership of the His West Point exams in a Missouri courthouse led to the nation's American army during 1917- highest military post 18 was a potent factor in bringing disaster to the Germans. He was U. S. Army chief of staff until his retirement in 1924. He died in 1948.

5. How is he honored in Missouri? A. There is a 1836-acre park named for him in Linn County, two miles west of Laclede, and the State Park Board has pur­ chased his boyhood home in Laclede and is planning to restore and furnish it as a memorial to the famous general. A statue of him is being planned for erection on the capitol grounds at Jefferson City. 368 Missouri Historical Review

6. What is his name? A. Gen. John J. Pershing.

[References: Harold McCracken, Pershing, the Story of a Great Soldier (New York, 1931); C. H. Farrell, Incidents in the Life of General John J. Pershing (Chicago, 1918); Pershing Memorial Commission, A Great American (Lincoln, Neb., 1940); John J. Pershing, My Experiences in the World War (New York, 1931); Everett T. Tomlinson, The Story of General Pershing (New York, 1920).]

A MISSOURIAN1 S DOLLS AMUSED A GENERATION OF AMERICAN CHILDREN Released April 11, 195k A charming and witty Missouri girl, famed as an artist, writer, and poet, created a doll character that swept America with its popu­ larity during the first quarter of this century. Do you know her name?

1. Where in Missouri did she live? A. Her home was deep in the Ozark hills near Bran­ son, at "Bonnie Brook," the house her father built soon after he brought his family to Missouri. The artist first saw her new home in 1893, when she was nineteen and made the two-day trip to it over backwoods roads from Springfield with team and wagon. During the years of her greatest fame she lived in Courtesy of Mrs. Louis F. Meeker This Ozark Artist Found Fame and many of the great cities of Fortune in Making Character Dolls the world, but she always came home to the Missouri .

2. What was her early artistic experience? A. She had enjoyed drawing since childhood and at thirteen had her work published in a Nebraska newspaper. She was self-taught, but her illustrations were soon selling to national magazines and city newspapers. She was married and went to New York in 1896, where she worked for seven years illustrating This Week in Missouri History 369

magazines under the name O'Neill Latham. In 1902 she was married for the second time, to Harry Leon Wilson, author of Ruggles of Red Gap and other best sellers. The young artist published novels and poems during this period and drew illus­ trations for both her own and her husband's books. They rented a villa in Capri and counted among their friends such eminents as Booth Tarkington and George Ade. When this marriage ended, she returned once more to Missouri and "Bonnie Brook."

Courtesy of Joseph L. Kallus Then They Sang a Kewpie Lullaby for the Mouse-baby

3. What brought her greatest fame? A. A set of jolly little elves with tiny wings and impish grins, which the artist originated and named the "Kewpies," made her name known all over the world. Kewpie drawings and verses began in 1909 and by 1913 had become an American craze. Four national magazines serialized Kewpie adventures and newspapers syndicated them year after year. Their images appeared everywhere—on dishes, on clothing, and favorite of all, as Kewpie dolls, beloved by children everywhere. Before World War I at least thirty factories were turning out Kewpies. In their heyday the Kewpies made a fortune estimated at more than a million dollars for their originator. 370 Missouri Historical Review

4. Where did she spend her last years? A. She retired to Missouri and "Bonnie Brook," where she lived surrounded by her books and art treasures and her many happy memories until her death in 1944. The Shepherd of the Hills Memorial Lodge Museum near Branson contains some of her original drawings and sculpture and art objects from her home.

5. What was her name? A. Rose O'Neill.

[References: Lois O. Henrici, Representative Women (Kansas City, Mo., 1913), pp. 109-19; Maude Horine, Memories of Rose O'Neill (Branson, Mo., 1950); Kansas, City Star, May 1, 1938; Missouri Historical Review, 38 (July, 1944), 493; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 29, 1937.]

THE STAGECOACH KING OF THE WEST OPERATED FROM MISSOURI

Released May 6, 19 bk

This Missourian operated one of the most colorful transporta­ tion companies in the West after the Civil War and became a finan­ cier of railroads and steamship lines. Do you know his name?

1. Where in Missouri did he live? A. He came to western Mis­ souri from Kentucky about 1837 when he was eighteen and lived in the new town of Weston from 1838 to 1859. 2. How did he get his start in business? A. The Missouri frontier was a land of opportunity for an energetic, ambitious boy. In the boom town at­ Courtesy of Arthur H. Clark Co. mosphere of Weston this His Control of 5,000 miles of Stage young man tried his hand at Lines Gave Him His Title of Stage­ several enterprises. He oper­ coach King ated a dram shop, traded This Week in Missouri History 371 with the Indians in Kansas, and at the age of twenty-one owned a hotel. He married Miss Ann Calvert of Weston in an elope­ ment in 1840. A handsome six-footer, he had very little schooling, but was an expert manager of men. In 1846 the Mexican War turned his interest to the transportation business and from then on it became his most absorbing career. He obtained a lucrative contract for freighting supplies from the Missouri River region to the troops of Doniphan and Kearny during the Mexican War, at profits as high as 200%. When the war ended he bought great quantities of government surplus mules, oxen, and wagons at bargain prices. During the gold rush of 1849 he formed a partnership with a Weston merchant and, armed with a letter of introduction from Col. Doniphan to Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, he launched a profitable trade to Salt Lake City. The partners sent wagons across the plains with goods worth $70,000.

Courtesy Osborne Co. Departure of the Mail from Independence

For what enterprise is he best known? A. His great Overland Mail company obscured all his other projects in the public imagination. In 1862]he bought the over­ land freighting firm of Russell, Majors, and Waddell for 372 Missouri Historical Review

$100,000, then expanded and improved the stagecoach service until he controlled nearly 5000 miles of stage lines. From St. Joseph to San Francisco he conducted one of the finest mail and passenger routes ever run in America. With the coming of the railroad he realized the stagecoach was doomed and sold his staging business to Wells, Fargo and Co. in 1866.

4. What other businesses was he interested in? A. He organized a Pacific steamship line and built a railroad in Oregon. He made money fast and spent it lavishly, maintain­ ing homes in San Francisco, New York, and Washington, D. C. After the panic of 1873 staggered him financially he speculated in western real estate until his death in Portland in 1887.

5. What was his name? A. Ben Holladay.

[References: J. V. Frederick, Ben Holladay the Stagecoach King (Glendale, Cal., 1940); Le Roy R. Hafen, The Overland Mail (Cleveland, Ohio, 1926); Dumas Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography (New York, 1932), IX, 141-42; F. C. Shoe­ maker (ed.), Missouri, Day by Day (Columbia, Mo., 1943), II, 18.] Historical Notes and Comments 373

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

A PERSONAL MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY

The Society has recently installed fourteen specially made steel cabinets which will provide adequate storage facilities for its nega­ tive microfilms of newspapers for over thirty years. Beginning with 1937, when the Society adopted the process of microfilming for the preservation of its old newspapers which were deteriorating and of those in the possession of editors throughout the State which it borrowed, the problem of the special care neces­ sary for the protection of the films arose. It was accentuated in 1945 when the Society began microfilming its current newspapers as well. Steel cases were purchased immediately for the storage of the 100-foot positive films which were made available to the public, and the machines for viewing them were installed in the newspaper reading room. It was necessary, however, due to lack of proper facilities, to store most of the negative films at the places where the microfilming was done—in Chicago, 111., and Ann Arbor, Mich. The fourteen new fireproof, steel cabinets now give the Society storage space for present and future negative films to 1985. Each case will hold 160 of the 1000-foot negative reel containers—a total capacity for the fourteen cabinets of 2240 reels or twenty to thirty million pages depending on the ratio used in filming. Each has its own humidity control. Each reel is enclosed in a black paper bag and kept in a specially made, air tight, tin container in the locked cabinets, so every pre­ caution possible has been taken for its safe keeping. The Society has approximately 448 of the 1000-foot negative reels to deposit in the cabinets, a total of 3,773,980 pages. During the last biennium alone 1,069,952 pages were filmed on negative prints. Some of the editors of the State are already planning to give the Society their negatives this year for safe keeping, retaining the privilege of using them whenever necessary. Microfilming has been found to be much more economical than other methods of preservation and it has the added advantage of economy of storage space. Many of the Society's old newspapers and all of its current papers are printed on woodpulp newsprint, 374 Missouri Historical Review which will not stand much use or exposure to air and light. In pre­ serving them on microfilm, their availability for present and future use is made certain. The Society's newspaper library collection, long regarded as outstanding, is now almost complete in its coverage of the State's files. At the end of the biennial period, June, 1953, in addition to the 24,116 bound volumes, the collection had 4,932,222 pages of positive microfilm—the latter equal to 12,000 one-year volumes of an 8-page weekly newspaper. The increase of positive microfilmed pages for the past biennium totaled 1,424,891.

MEMBERS ACTIVE IN INCREASING THE SOCIETY'S MEMBERSHIP

During the two months of March and April, 1954, the following members of the Society increased its membership as indicated:

TWELVE NEW MEMBERS

Narvel W. Frazier, Steelville

FOUR NEW MEMBERS

Mrs. G. E. Gooch, Meadville Thomas R. Hooper, Maryville Mrs. J. E. Johnson, Stanberry

THREE NEW MEMBERS

F. C. Barnhill, Marshall Mrs. Lerton V. Dawson, Excelsior Springs Edgar J. Griesbaum, Affton Charles F. Halligan, Union

TWO NEW MEMBERS

Mrs. Clarah Frances Brown, Marshall Lewis Ellis, Kansas City Clarence Hamman, St. Louis H. H. Leake, Springfield Okla H. Lucas, Fayette Joseph Mason, Fayette Vera Okenfuss, Ste. Genevieve Louis H. Renfrow, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Robert S. Withers, Liberty Historical Notes and Comments 375

ONE NEW MEMBER

Achelpohl, Kurt, St. Charles Lenox, Mrs. Alice, Springfield Atwood, W. G., Carrollton Mason, William S., Brownsville, Texas Baldwin, Mrs. Mattie, Columbia Miles, Jesse M., Hayti Beinke, Franz R., Springfield Muench, Max S., University City Bethel, Allan L., Sr., Richmond Ohlhausen, Marie, Weston Heights Reinhardt, John F., La Jolla, California Bohrer, Olma, Kansas City Rose, F. P., Rogers, Arkansas Ruark, Justin, Neosho Bray, A. O., Webster Groves Sampson, C. J., St. Louis Burrus, Rufus, Independence Sargent, Robert J., Clayton Butcher, R. E., University City Shoemaker, Floyd C, Columbia Daily, Herley S., Kansas City Simmons, Lucy, Kirksville Dawes, Homer G., Chicago, 111. Stockman, Fred E., Malta Bend Farrow, Tiera, Kansas City Struble, Mrs. Cornelius D., Mission, Fleck, W. Donald, St. Louis Kansas Gifford, B. F., St. Joseph Taylor, Mrs. Cecil B., Clifton Forge, Gilluly, R. V., Trenton Virginia Heibel, Myrtle, Columbia Taylor, Tom, Columbia Herrman, J. E., Springfield Temple, Otis, Slater Jezzard, P. H., Springfield Tuttle, Karl W., Fulton Konnyu, Laszlo, St. Louis Wilkinson, Mrs. H. C, New Haven Kuehling, Otto, Odessa Williams, Roy D., Boonville

NEW MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY One hundred and thirty-seven applications for membership were received by the Society during the two months of March and April, 1954. The total membership as of April 30, 1954, was 7,165. The new members are: Acklin, Glenn W., Graham Brown, Carroll G., Alamo, Texas Anderson, J. C, Gideon Brown, Mrs. Geo. E., Rock Port Armentrout, Dean, Kirkwood Byrd, Thomas A., Charleston Ball, Hampton B., Fayette Cain, Glenn, Elmer Beets, J. D., Jr., Jefferson City Campbell, Mrs. G. Raymond, Okla­ Berdfeld, Henry, St. Louis homa City, Oklahoma Besinger, Mrs. Wray, Stanberry Caputo, Roger W., Ste. Genevieve Bethel, Mrs. Allan L., Jr., Clayton Carr, Jack C, Columbia Bishop, Howard P., St. Louis Chester, CO., Granby Blake, Raymond E., Independence Clark, Mrs. Rogers M., Memphis, Boatwright, James S., Imperial Tenn. Boldea, Douglas, Kirkwood Clark, William, San Francisco, Cali­ Booth, Mrs. Celsus O., Marshall fornia, LIFE Boyle, C. R., Kansas City Clary, Mrs. Eva M., Springfield Bray, Lauren C, Ola the, Kansas Coffren, Mrs. Hal, Washington, D. C. Bray, Robert E., Columbia Couch, Novie, Linneus Brophy, Patrick, Nevada Crause, Gilbert, Apple Valley, Calif. 376 Missouri Historical Review

Creacy, Donald E., Springfield Lynch, Mrs. John R., Chula Vista, Cresswell, G. F., Potosi Calif. Davis, Ralph H., Kirkwood McCowan, Ralph E., Sedalia Day, Mrs. H. E., Salt Lake City, Utah McGrath, Tom, Las Vegas, New Mex. Deputy, Earl W., Kansas City Mclntyre, Gussie, Kansas City Dulany, Geo. W., Jr., La Jolla, Calif. Marietta, Francis M., Kirkwood Doyle, Jerry, Webster Groves Marr, Robert E., Maryville Dyer, Will R., Kirkwood Maune, Herbert G., Union Ellison, Clell, Kissee Mills Medlin, Oma J., Brunswick Elmer Consolidated Schools, Elmer Mensing, Mrs. A., Excelsior Springs Estelle, Elmer J., Kirkwood Meyer, Frank S., Woodstock, N. Y. Fields, Robert C, Jr., Lebanon Miller, Henry B., Escondido, Calif. Fisher, Mrs. R. L., Hurdland Miller, Roy S., Kansas City Fleck, Albert S., St. Louis Moore, T. G., Ferguson Gardiner, Lawrence B., Memphis, Mudgett, William J., Union Tenn. Nelson, J. M., Godfrey, 111. Gardner, James A., Overland Nicholas, Mrs. Russell, Marshall Gilbreath, Mrs. Olga, Parkville Nix, Nannie, Slater Gilluly, H. F., El Paso, Texas Opp, Marjorie, Fayette Gooch, B. H., Springdale, Conn. Parker, Roy H., Liberty Graham, Carl M., Maryville Philippi, Paul A., Kirkwood Greenhalgh, Mrs. Keith, St. Anthony, Platte County Library, Platte City Idaho Reese, Mrs. W. R., Norfolk, Va. Greenstreet, Galen H., Union Reiff, Andrew S., Liberty Griffin, Joseph, Los Angeles, Calif. Reilly, Margaret, Kansas City Grim, Mrs. George E., Kirksville Renfrow, Richard N., Cape Girardeau Gutberlet, J. Chas., Ruxton, Md. Renfrow, Robert K., Cape Girardeau Haferkamp, Marion, Kirkwood Reynolds, William S., Kansas City Harutun, James J., Joplin, LIFE Roberts, Willis E., Kirkwood Heartburg, Carl Phillip, Birmingham, Robuck, Mrs. Earl A., Joplin Alabama Rogers, Mrs. Oscar L., Weaubleau Herrman, Elvin, Appleton City Rohlfing, Mrs. Winnie Mae, Fayette Herrman, J. E., Springfield Rosenblatt, Mayme, St. Louis Hicks, Mrs. C. E., Wasola Russell, Evelyn G., Fayette Higginbotham, Valle, De Soto Sandstedt, Carl W., Kirkwood Hood, Clyde B., Kansas City Schafer, Edward C, St. Louis House, Mrs. John, Allendale Schaumann, Arthur, Billings Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., Denver, Colo. Schram, Bernard K., St. Louis King, Bart, Liberty Schwaner, Edna, St. Louis King, Josepji J., St. Louis Selleck, Loren, Kansas City Kline, George W., Fayette Shipman, John C, Kirkwood Kohring, Sara B., Palatine, 111. Sims, A. Frank, Maryville Kreek, Helen, St. Joseph Sloan, Harry, Oswego, Kansas Kuester, Adolph C, Kirkwood Small, Bessie Duke, Atlanta, Ga. Lainhart, Mrs. Wilbert, Albany Smith, Higgins, Chicago, 111. Larson, A. F., Fulton Smothers, Bessie, Stanberry Lawrence, Kenneth, Hayti Stayton, Mrs. Edward M., Independ­ Lemke, W. J., Fayetteville, Ark. ence Loveridge, Warren L., Kirkwood Stewart, Ralph E., Springfield Historical Notes and Comments 377

Stockman, Anna A., Malta Bend Vandiver, E. B., Ill, Culver, Indiana Strother, Robert, Elsberry Weaver, Mrs. John L., Yreka, Calif. Swigart, Mrs. Edith, Bethany White, Ford, Kearney Taylor, Margaret Bess, Lewisburg, Witty, Mrs. E. T., Neosho West Virginia Wright, Clyde F., Omaha, Nebraska Thacher, Barry W., Boonville Yerington, Lee Dell, Jr., Parkville Tripodi, Frank A., Kirkwood Zachary Taylor Library, Brownsville, Tyson, Joe, Maitland Texas University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Zirbel, Frank J., Leslie Utah

THE BARNHILL PLAN FOR INCREASING MEMBERSHIP F. C. Barnhill, a banker of Marshall and an active member of the Saline County Historical Society, who was elected in November a trustee of the State Historical Society of Missouri, has conceived a fine idea for disseminating information about the State Society. He has had printed cards sent to all members of the Saline County Historical Society and other interested persons, giving information on the State Society and how to become a member of it. A repro­ duction of the card is given here.

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI

Members of the Saline County Historical Society, and others who are not members, would receive much information and pleasure from membership in the

State Historical Society of Missouri at the small cost of only $1. per year, which includes four quarterly magazines, covering historical topics of interest to Missourians. Those desiring to become members of the State Society may send check for $1, $2, or $3, for 1, 2, or 3 years membership, to the undersigned, but payable to the State Historical Society, and your name will be proposed for membership, and you will receive a Membership Card promptly from the Secretary at Colum­ bia, Mo.

Sincerely, F. C. Barnhill

Trustee, State Historical Society of Missouri

The plan has brought results; fifty persons receiving the cards became members in the months of January and February. 378 Missouri Historical Review

BENTON PAINTING LOANED 'The Negro Soldier," one of the paintings by Thomas Hart Benton which was given to the State Historical Society of Missouri by the Abbott Laboratories in 1944, is now on loan to the Art Mu­ seum of the New Britain Institute, New Britain, Conn. From May 22 to September 19th the museum is presenting, for the first time in New England, their recently acquired Thomas Hart Benton murals, "Arts of Life in America," formerly owned by the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. Along with these murals the museum has on display a comprehensive exhibition of twenty-five of Benton's most important canvasses. Painted in 1942 at the same time as the "Year of Peril" series, "The Negro Soldier" is part of the Society's Benton Collection which is housed in the specially designed Benton Room in the Society's quarters. This room was opened to the public in cere­ monies on May 2, 1945. Since that time "The Negro Soldier" has been sent on loan to several museums, one being the Joslyn Memo­ rial Art Museum of Omaha, Neb., from November 13 to December 31, 1951.

HAWTHORNE ROADSIDE PARK AND HIGHWAY HISTORICAL MARKER DEDICATED

In ceremonies sponsored by the Neosho Business and Profes­ sional Women's Club, Hawthorne Roadside Park on Highway 71 near Neosho and the Neosho Highway Historical Marker at the park entrance were dedicated on April 11. Present at the dedica­ tory services were highway commission officials Rex M. Whitton, J. C. Harlan, J. G. Morgan, and Harris D. Rogers and their wives, Senator and Mrs. Allen McReynolds, Floyd C. Shoemaker and Mrs. Shoemaker, Elizabeth Halpin, president of the Missouri Federation of the BPW Clubs, and a number of other persons prominent in the state and county. The Neosho marker was the first one of twenty-eight markers to be formally dedicated under the joint program of the State Historical Society and the State Highway Commission, financed by an appropriation by the 66th General Assembly to the Historical Society for the biennium 1951-1953. Senator Allen McReynolds of Carthage, representing the State Historical Society, presented the marker to the state and Vera Ruth Sherer presented the park, the Historical Notes and Comments 379 ground for which had been donated by the city of Neosho. H. D. Rod­ gers, chairman of the State Highway Commission, accepted both for the State and Floyd Jackson, president of the Newton County His­ torical Society, expressed the appreciation of the local historical society and the locality for both. Mildred Timken, president of the Neosho BPW Club, welcomed the visitors and gave a short history of the park and Rex M. Whitton introduced visitors and speakers prominent in political and civic circles.

MISSOURI MAPS PROFILE THE CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTORY OF THE STATE

Practically every phase of Missouri's history, from the days when the state was still a part of territory claimed by France in 1682 down to the present, is represented in the map collection at the State Historical Society of Missouri. Many of the maps are in county atlases, general gazetteers and early guide books, while large single copies and originals are now housed in a new steel map case recently acquired by the Society. The new dustproof case has approximately a 3,750-map capacity. One feature of the case is the compressor in each drawer which keeps the maps from curling or tearing. The earliest map in the collection charts the claimed for France by La Salle in 1682. A copy of this map drawn by Franquelin, published in 1684, showing La Salle voyages, gives a different conception of the size and extent of the area from that shown on modern maps depicting the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Other interesting maps in the collection show the Lewis and Clark route, sections of the Boon's Lick Trail, the Santa Fe and Oregon trails, and the Pony Express route. Among the maps relating to the growth of Missouri's counties and boundaries are the original maps prepared by F. C. Hicks and Isidor Loeb in the 1890's showing Missouri as the in 1804, the Territory of Mis­ souri during the years 1812-1819, and the growth of the state from 1821 to 1890. Almost every characteristic of the state is depicted in the collec­ tion by its wide variety of geological, topographical, soil, water, population, and boundary maps which contribute to the history and understanding of Missouri. 380 Missouri Historical Review

GENTRY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY ORGANIZED On February 26 a group of twenty-two interested persons met at the high school in Stanberry for the purpose of discussing the organization of a Gentry County Historical Society. This "foun­ der's day" meeting was so enthusiastic that a "charter day" meeting was called for May 2. At the meeting on May 2 in the grade school building in Albany the organization of a Gentry County Historical Society was com­ pleted with over ninety members and the following officers were elected: Willis Sampson, Albany, president; Mrs. J. E. Johnson, Stanberry, first vice-president; Dr. Cassie Burk, King City, second vice-president; Mrs. Wilma Giles, Albany, recording secretary; John R. Doyle, Albany, corresponding secretary; and Mrs. M. T. Hall, Stanberry, treasurer. A committee was appointed to perfect the by-laws and to present them to the next meeting.

AWARD HONORS "HISTORIC HERMANN, INC." "Historic Hermann, Inc.," the group of Hermann citizens who banded together in 1952 for the purpose of extending appreciation of the area as one of the early German settlements, has been honored by receiving a meritorious achievement award from the Missouri Council for Social Improvement. The award was presented by Lowell Burns of the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce to Waldo Schermann, vice-president of Historic Hermann, Inc., for progress in carrying out the society's program: the restoration of the city park "Rotunda"; the estab­ lishment of a museum; and presentation of the annual Maifest when the town is host to thousands of visitors for a week end of fun and history. The 1954 Maifest was given May 21, 22, and 23. It had as the theme for its historical pageant "Freedom's Friends" and featured the life of Eduard Muehl, poet, patriot, and philosopher. Muehl came to Hermann with his printing press soon after the first German settlers arrived there in 1837 and in his newspaper he came out openly against slavery and for religious and political freedom. Mrs. Clarence Hesse of Hermann, author and director of the 1952- 1954 Maifest pageants, gave a most interesting talk on the Maifests at the annual luncheon of the State Historical Society of Missouri in November, 1953. Historical Notes and Comments 381

Historic Hermann, Inc., honored five individuals who had been of the most help to the group in making the occasion a success with the presentation of honorary life memberships. Those so honored at the pageant on Saturday, May 22, were: Lowell Burns of the Chamber of Commerce of Greater St. Louis; Rex Davis, News Director of Radio Station KMOX, St. Louis; O. D. Evans of Webster Groves; Floyd C. Shoemaker, Columbia; and the Rev. Gene W. Wetherell of the Missouri Bible College, Columbia. A valuable twenty-four page History of Hermann, Missouri was published this year giving the high lights of the town's inter­ esting past. The booklet begins with the story of "Hermann, the Hero of Germany," an explanation of how the Manifest originated, and a sketch of George F. Bayer, agent of the German Settlement Society. Other articles follow on arts and culture, the schools, architecture, newspapers, churches, river history, and "Hermann Today."

DR. FREDERIC A. CULMER HONORED Dr. Frederic Arthur Culmer, professor of history and political science at Central College, Fayette, and the author of A New His­ tory of Missouri (1938) and A History of Missouri for High Schools (1939) in addition to a number of articles in historical periodicals, will be given the title of professor-emeritus on August 31 after almost forty years of service to the college. Professor Culmer has contributed a number of articles to the Missouri Historical Review, chief among which was a series on Abiel Leonard, based on the Abiel Leonard manuscripts which were later deposited in the Society's files. Dr. Culmer came to the United States from England in 1883 and after a few years entered the ministerial and teaching fields. He attended Marion College, Fredericktown; Vanderbilt Univer­ sity, Nashville, Tenn.; Morrisville College; Central College; and the University of Missouri, where he earned a master's degree. In 1928 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity at Centenary College, Shreveport, La. He was dean of Morrisville College in 1915 when Dr. Paul H. Linn, president of Central, invited him to teach at that institution. Dr. Culmer was honored at an assembly at the college on April 8 when members of the board of curators, the faculty, and students joined in expressions of appreciation for his services to the college. 382 Missouri Historical Review

Dr. M. E. Gaddis stated that his tribute would be written into a formal statement on a plaque which will be placed in Brannock Hall on the campus.

PRE-HISTORIC MISSOURI Carl H. Chapman is the author of a most stimulating article, "The Archaeological Survey of Missouri," contained in the April- July, 1953, issue of The Missouri Archaeologist. The author dis­ cusses the different types of Indian evidences which might be found and the equipment needed in conducting a survey for archaeological sites. An earlier series of articles begun in October, 1946, by the same author, showed the orderly arrangement of the archaeological cultures of Missouri. An archaeological survey of Missouri was begun in 1932 by university professors Jesse E. Wrench and J. Brewton Berry, and two years later the Missouri Archaeological Society was formed with the prime object of locating and recording archaeological sites. Urgency was given the project by the fact that the proposed con­ struction of a number of dams in Missouri by the Federal Govern­ ment would bring about the coverage and loss of many Indian remains. At the present time records on several thousand sites have been obtained.

ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES The annual spring dinner meeting of the Audrain County Historical Society was held in the dining room of the Mexico Metho­ dist Church May 13. The speaker on the occasion was Charles van Ravenswaay, director of the Missouri Historical Society, who gave an illustrated lecture on "Historical Houses in Missouri." A feature of the meeting was a display of historical items brought by the members.

The Historical Society held its annual spring meeting in the Christian Church at New Franklin on May 4. Roy D. Williams spoke on "The Boonslick Country," describing the area in the 1820's and 1830's.

The Clay County Historical Society held its annual banquet meeting at the Colonial Hotel in Liberty on March 15. After a talk by John Watkins Oliver, Kansas City attorney, on "Watkins Mill Historical Notes and Comments 383

Property and Its Relation to the New Missouri State Park," and brief talks by others, it was decided to endorse the purchase of the Watkins farm by the State for use as a State park. A committee headed by E. H. Cravens was appointed to coordinate ideas on the project and present them to state officials. Officers were elected as follows: Ernest L. Capps, president; Russell V. Dye, vice-president; Mrs. U. R. Pugh, secretary; Mrs. Harry L. Boggess, Sr., treasurer; Eugene L. Preston, historian; and Mrs. Robert S. Withers, curator of the Little Museum.

The Cole County Historical Society held a white elephant and bake sale on April 7, 8, and 9. Mrs. Don Riley was chairman. In February the society issued Bulletin No. 2, a three-page mimeo­ graphed edition full of interesting news on the society's projects, new members, and museum.

A Gentry County Historical Society was organized on May 2 when an interested group met in the grade school building in Albany, announced the enrollment of ninety members, and elected officers for the year.

The Native Sons of Kansas City met March 4 at the George Muehlebach Brewery Company for a buffet dinner. Major General Delmar T. Spivey spoke on "The Central Air Defense Command and Grandview Air Base."

The Pike County Historical Society at its regular quarterly meeting at the First Christian Church in Louisiana on April 6, reported 165 members to date. William Turpin presented the certificate of incorporation to the society and Milton Duvall of Clarksville gave a talk on the history of Clarksville and the plans to develop a museum there. Other speakers reported from the differ­ ent townships in the county.

The Platte County Historical Society met March 11 for a dinner meeting at Platte City. Dr. James N. Primm of the Western Historical Manuscripts Division of the University of Missouri talked on "Collecting Historical Manuscripts."

The Webster County Historical Society held its annual dinner meeting on April 23 in Andrews Cafe at Marshfield with the ap- 384 Missouri Historical Review proaching centennial of the county as the main subject of discussion. Jean Paul Bradshaw of Springfield and Mrs. Mary Scott Hair of Hurley related the steps taken in the Laclede and the Stone County centennials. Webster County was named for and the county seat, Marshfield, after Webster's home in Marshfield, Mass. Others who participated in the panel discussion were Joe Stanard, editor of the Webster County Citizen of Seymour, T. Bal­ lard Watters, editor of the Marshfield Mail, Mrs. Lucile Morris Upton of Springfield Newspapers, Inc., and John Hosmer of Marsh­ field. New officers were elected for the coming year: B. Frank Julian, Marshfield, president; Stanley Brooks, Marshfield, treasurer; Mrs. John Foster, Marshfield, secretary; Paul Holmes, Marshfield, his­ torian; and T. Ballard Watters, Marshfield, Mrs. Susie Bench, Fordland, George Delzell, Rogersville, and C. H. White, Seymour, vice-presidents.

ANNIVERSARIES

October 18 marked the 110th anniversary of Smithville Chris­ tian Church. In 1843 a group of nineteen settlers of Clay County organized the Church of Christ and five years later built a one-room church. In 1883, a larger church was built and the name changed to the Christian Church, and in 1927 a $47,000 edifice was erected.

The Ozark Prairie Presbyterian Church near Mount Vernon, commonly known as "The Brick," observed its centennial on Sun­ day, April 25. Dr. Ralph Jennings of Jefferson City, executive secretary of the Missouri Synod gave the centennial sermon at the day-long services which were attended by approximately 300 mem­ bers. The present building was erected in 1872.

St. John Nepomuk Church of St. Louis, the first Czech Catholic Church to be established in America, celebrated its centennial with services the week of May 16-23. A fine 190-page booklet issued on the occasion was sent to the Society by the Rev. Albert J. Prokes, the present pastor, who wrote a number of the historical articles in the booklet. Also included are messages of congratulation and pic­ tures of dignitaries, the church building, and different societies in the church. Historical Notes and Comments 385

Bucklin, Mo., is planning a centennial celebration August 18- 21 and in honor of the event the students of Bucklin High School have dedicated the 19th consecutive edition of their year book, The Reco, to the "Builders of the past and builders of the present." Included are a number of pictures of early business houses and or­ ganizations in Bucklin and a sketch of the schools, 1858-1954.

Former President Harry S. Truman celebrated his seventieth birthday on May 8 at a $70-a-plate dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. Accompanied by Mrs. Truman and Margaret, Mr. Truman came from Washington where nearly 1000 persons had held a pre-birthday celebration for him the eve­ ning before. The former chief executive attended a reception given by the Young Democratic Club before the dinner when a gold key to the proposed Truman Library in Missouri was presented to him. He later made a nationally broadcast speech on the responsibility of the chief executive.

The School of Business and Public Administration of the University of Missouri, which celebrated its fortieth anniversary April 8-10, opened with an enrollment of fifteen students in 1914 and rose to a peak of 1,429 in 1949. Two of its deans, Isidor Loeb and Frederick A. Middlebush, have become acting president and president respectively of the University, and two, Isidor Loeb and Walter J. Shepherd, have been president of the American Political Science Association. Under the present dean, William L. Brad­ shaw, the school offers eight sequences of study.

The Missouri Farmers Association celebrated the fortieth anni­ versary of its founding on March 10 when friends and officers of the association gathered at Newcomer School, six miles north of Bruns­ wick, for ceremonies. Climax of the program was the unveiling of a metal plaque which, in its inscription, paid homage to William Hirth who was instrumental in founding the first Farm Club in Missouri at Newcomer in 1914. From this origin the M.F.A. has grown to a membership of 150,545 farmers in 1954.

Former President Harry S. Truman was the principal speaker at the testimonial dinner on April 4 in the Hotel Jefferson, St. Louis, in observance of the fortieth anniversary of the ministry of Rabbi Samuel Thurman at United Hebrew Temple. The dinner was the 386 Missouri Historical Review

culmination of a three-day observance which included a service of consecration April 2 and a youth and family service April 3, both at the temple.

The Rotary Club of Cape Girardeau celebrated the thirty-fifth anniversary of its founding with the publication of a booklet giving the charter members, the presidents and their achievements, a resume of their historical marker program, and a short historical sketch of the club. A copy of the booklet was given the Society by President F. E. Snider.

NOTES David P. Wohl of St. Louis, retired president of the Wohl Shoe Company, was honored on May 4 with the award of the sixth annual T. Kenyon Memorial Plaque presented by the 210 As­ sociates, a national philanthropic foundation of the shoe, leather, and allied trades. In presenting the award at a dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, Joseph T. McCauley, vice-president of the Allied Kid Co., cited Wohl's many philan­ thropies beginning with the establishment of the Wohl Foundation for charitable and educational purposes in 1940. The foundation gave St. Louis $500,000 for contruction of two health centers in 1949. Other philanthropies included $200,000 to Jewish Hospital, the gift to the city of the David P. Wohl, Jr., Memorial Hospital in memory of his son, and the $1,000,000 unrestricted gift to Wash­ ington University in 1954. In 1951 Wohl received the first annual W. Scott Johnson Memorial award from the Missouri State Health Association for services rendered public health in Missouri.

Mrs. Fred J. Schuster of Trail's End farm near Pilot Grove has been named "Missouri's Mother of the Year" for 1954 by the Missouri American Mothers' Committee of the Golden Rule Foun­ dation. Mrs. Schuster, seventy-seven years of age, is the mother of seven children and has helped rear nine others.

Mrs. Oliver Howard of New London was notified in March that she had been chosen as "America's Number One Clubwoman of the Year" in a contest sponsored by Woman's Home Companion magazine. The story of Mrs. Howard's award appeared in the April issue of that magazine and was given national circulation. Historical Notes and Comments 387

Some of the results of her leadership in New London were a new elementary school, a new gymnasium for the children, and new fire fighting equipment. As a prize Mrs. Howard received a trip to New York, where a plaque was presented to her, and a $1000 bond for the Study Club which nominated Mrs. Howard for the award. Many of Mrs. Howard's articles on local history have appeared in the Hannibal Courier-Post and other Missouri newspapers and have been frequently noted in the Missouri Historical Review.

A St. Louisan, Mrs. Wanda Jennings, was chosen "Mrs. America of 1955," at the conclusion of a pageant in Ormond Beach, Fla., April 24. Chosen from among fifty other contestants, the twenty-eight-year-old Mrs. Jennings, the mother of an eight-year- old son, triumphed because of her cooking, sewing, and house­ keeping skills in addition to her beauty. For the next year she will tour this country and also make a European tour sponsored by the State Department.

William A. Knox, Jr., St. Louis artist, was recently com­ missioned by the State Board of Public Buildings to paint three historical murals for the second floor of the State Capitol. The paintings will depict Fort Osage in Jackson County, Harmony Mission in Bates County, and Woods Fort in Lincoln County.

George E. Fay of Joplin was the recipient in 1953 of research grants from the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia and the Kansas Academy of Science in the sums of $250 and $100 respectively, for an archaeological expedition to Sonora, Mexico. The objective of the trip was to locate prehistoric village sites which would help in correlating northwestern Mexican history with the Southwest and the Valley of Mexico. Approximately 150 sites were located and specimens collected on 110.

Frederick A. Middlebush, president of the University of Missouri, and Mrs. Middlebush were honored on April 24 at the Law Day banquet in the Memorial Student Union building in Columbia with the presentation of a certificate recognizing their long service to the university. Frank Edwards of Mexico, retiring president of the Law Alumni Association, made the presentation. George C. Willson, St. Louis attorney and former member of the 388 Missouri Historical Review

board of curators, gave the principal address paying tribute to the retiring president and his wife. Mr. and Mrs. Middlebush were also honored by the Cole County alumni chapter of the university at a dinner on April 28 at the Jefferson City Methodist Church. Lue Lozier, Supreme Court commissioner, presented Mr. Middlebush with a certificate of appreciation for his twenty years of service. Governor Phil M. Donnelly proclaimed June 10 as "Middle­ bush Appreciation Day," at which time a banquet, sponsored by the University Alumni Association, was held in Rothwell Gymna­ sium at the university in honor of President and Mrs. Middlebush.

"Mr. Missouri" is the title given Floyd C. Shoemaker in an article in the April issue of the Missouri Alumnus, written by Mary Paxton Keeley. In bestowing this distinction, Mrs. Keeley gives as her reasons the phenomenal increase in membership of the State Historical Society under Mr. Shoemaker's secretaryship of almost forty years, his scholarship and wide knowledge of Missouri history, his authorship of seven books and editorship of thirty-six others plus thirty-nine volumes of the Missouri Historical Review, and the value of the library collections which he has built up over the years. The Liberty Tribune of May 13 reprinted this article from the Alumnus in an article titled " 'Second' the Nomination of Floyd Shoemaker for 'Mr. Missouri,' " and Chester Bradley made a similar comment in "Missouri Notes" in the Kansas City Times of May 19.

The Missouri Writers Guild, at its annual meeting held in Columbia on April 26, elected two of its charter members to honorary life membership: J. Breckenridge Ellis of Granite, Okla., who was the first vice-president of the guild when it was organized on May 4, 1915, and Floyd C. Shoemaker, who was the first secretary and treasurer. Others elected to honorary life membership at the 1954 meeting were: Miss Ella I. Heininger, St. Joseph; Mrs. Frances Jacobi O'Meara, Martinsburg; Clifford H. Nowlin, Kansas City; and Mrs. May Stafford Hilburn, Jefferson City. All of these persons, with the exception of Mr. Shoemaker, had served as president of the guild at some time.

Mrs. George Pohlman of Macon has given the Society a large number of items of historical importance in the early history of Historical Notes and Comments 389

Macon and Randolph counties which had been collected by herself and her husband over a period of years. The late Mr. Pohlman was long a member of the Society and a collector of Macon County history. An 1828 resident tax list for Macon County, Bethel Church Book Minutes, 1806-1867, and the histories of La Plata, the State Highway Department, and Graves Chapel are samples of some of the valuable manuscripts in the collection.

A typescript copy of the "Minutes of the Salt River-Hannibal Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church, 1833-1953," consisting of 478 pages, was given to the Society by the newly erected Presbytery of Kirk, through the Rev. Thomas S. Hickman, Stated Clerk. Originally of the Salt River Presbytery of the Cumberland Presby­ terian Church, it consolidated with the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1906 and in 1923 became the Hannibal Presbytery. In January, 1954, the old presbytery held its last meeting in Han­ nibal after being in existence 120 years, and it merged with the Presbytery of Kirksville in the new Kirk Presbytery.

Louis E. Alewel of St. Louis has sent the Society a copy of a song, "The Destiny of Our Country," to which he has composed the words. The music is by Rudolph Knopp and it is copyrighted in St. Louis in 1954.

Mrs. Redmond S. Cole of Tulsa, Okla., has sent the Society a 109-page history and genealogy of "The Family of Thomas Banks Harris, Missouri Pioneer 1818-1904." She has also included the kindred families of Downing, Williams, and Thompson.

A historical scrapbook of clippings on the history of Jefferson County has been given the Society by Daisy Pat Stockwell of Imperial, the compiler. Miss Stockwell has included many of her own articles, some by Mary Joan Boyer and other authors, and some typed pages filling in the periods of history of the county not covered by the articles.

The Society has purchased, from the Oregon State Historical Society at Salem, Ore., a 221-page microfilm copy of the U. S. District Court case which ended William Keil's Aurora, Ore., and Bethel, Mo., colonies. It is entitled ^Michael Baehert et al vs. Philip Miller et al, in the matter of the dissolution of the Aurora, 390 Missouri Historical Review

Ore., and the Bethel, Mo., communities. File 752, Judgment docket 663, 1881-1883." Included also on the film are some miscel­ laneous papers relating to the Aurora community: an inventory of Dr. Keil's estate, a list of contributors to the Bethel fund, and an article by Robert J. Hendricks, "Keil Colony Success over All Others."

A history of First Presbyterian Church at Flat River for the past forty-three years has been received as a gift from Martin Eichenlaub of Bonne Terre. The sketch is based on the minutes of the sessions of the Flat River and Desloge Presbyterian churches, data from the recorder's office in Farmington, and reminiscences of charter and long-time members.

Mrs. L. D. Hawkins of Anuff has presented the Society with a "History of Dent County Baptist Association 1877-1953" which she has compiled. The history begins with the organization in 1877 of the Dry Fork Association, which included Dent County, and with the exception of the ten year period, 1877-1887, it de­ scribes each of the annual meetings through the seventy-sixth one in 1953.

The Society has received for photostating five copies of a most interesting old newspaper, the Charleston Courier of July 18, July 25, August 1, September 12, and September 19, 1862. They tell of the occupation of the town by Union troops in the winter of 1861- 1862, the destruction of much of the type, and the resumption of more normal times in the community. Mr. Art L. Wallhausen, editor of the Charleston Enterprise-Courier, has secured the loan of these papers for the Society from their owner, Mr. J. P. Doyle of Lilbourn.

Senator Allen McReynolds of Carthage has given the Society a fine old picture of the members of the Missouri Senate elected in 1882. It contains, among others, the picture of his maternal grandfather, Westley Halliburton, who had a varied career after his arrival in Chariton, Mo., in 1823 from Humphrey County, Tenn. He taught school, kept a grocery store, farmed, was a lawyer, assessor of Shelby County, judge of Macon County, circuit attorney, established the first newspaper in Sullivan County, the Milan Farmer in 1853, was appointed by President Pierce as re- Historical Notes and Comments 391 ceiver of public moneys for the Chariton land district, 1853, was twice elected to the Missouri House of Representatives and twice to the Senate, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1875, probate judge, and was one of the charter members of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad corporation. He also lived in Linn and Randolph counties and in St. Louis.

Floyd C. Shoemaker was the guest speaker at a joint meeting of the West Historical Society, the Tennessee Historical Society, and the Tennessee Historical Commission in Memphis, Tenn., on April 21. Mr. Shoemaker spoke on "Missouri's Tennes­ see Heritage." Mr. Shoemaker, accompanied by Mrs. Shoemaker, motored to Memphis by way of Cape Girardeau, where they were entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Naeter and George A. Naeter, and New Madrid, where they were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel L. Hunter. At both towns they were able to see the well located highway historical markers compiled by the State Historical Society of Missouri and recently erected by the State Highway Commission. The Shoemakers returned home by way of Hohenwald, Tenn., where the Meriwether Lewis National Monument has been estab­ lished, Franklin, Tenn., where one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War was fought and in which Missourians ranked third in casualties, and Henderson, Ky., where the Audubon Museum is located.

The Missouri Archaeological Society held its spring meeting in the Kansas City Museum on May 2. Speakers at the meeting were Robert L. Stephenson of the River Basin Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution and Carl Chapman of the University of Missouri.

The Seventh Annual Ozark Folk Festival will be held October 14, 15, and 16 in Eureka Springs, Ark. Otto Ernest Rayburn is serving as director of the festival.

A letter from Dr. Milo Milton Quaife, eminent historian of the Old Northwest, contains some interesting information on the later owners of the Zumwalt home, which was the subject of an article in the April, 1954, Review. Capt. Nathan Heald, commandant at Ft. Dearborn in Illinois, 1810-1812, and severely wounded in the 392 Missouri Historical Review

Indian massacre of his garrison in 1812, retired from active service and in November, 1817, bought the Jacob Zumwalt farm for $1000. After his death in 1832 he was buried in the farm yard and his descendants were still living at a "new" brick residence on the farm in 1912 when Dr. Quaife visited them to obtain information for his book Chicago and the Old Northwest. He found Capt. Heald's papers in bad condition in the loft of the smaller part of the old Zumwalt cabin but was able to extract some valuable information from them. Capt. Heald's sword, his wife's tiny trunk, and some personal treasures were later deposited with the Chicago Historical Society on Dr. Quaife's instigation.

Missourians evidently make good historians for the office of the U. S. Air Force Historical Division in Washington is headed by Lt. Col. Eldon Downs, formerly of Columbia, Mo., where he taught history at Stephens College. One of the historians in the division is Dr. George F. Lemmer of Harrisonville, Mo., who received his Ph. D. at the University of Missouri, and another is Mrs. Wilhel- mine Burch of Mexico, Mo. Mrs. Burch is chief editorial assistant of the USAF Headquarters history.

In the fall of 1953 Dr. and Mrs. Frank G. Nifong of Columbia offered to give $100,000 toward the erection of a forty-eight-bed addition to the Boone County Hospital if that sum were matched by an equal amount within three weeks. The necessary amount was raised within a week and the addition was started at once. When finished it will be dedicated as a memorial to World War II veterans.

In commemoration of the sesquicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase the Stix, Baer, and Fuller department store of St. Louis held an exhibit in their "Gallery Aisle" from April 12-17 of a number of historic items from the private collection of Stratford Lee Morton. Some of the items were rare original documents and others were photographs or sketches of St. Louis 100 years ago or more. Mr. Morton has sent the Society a prospectus of the exhibit which ncludes a list of the pieces shown.

Mrs. Ruth Fisher, widow of the late G. B. Fisher, Republican member of the House of Representatives from Sullivan County, presented the state museum with two dolls on April 13, depicting Historical Notes and Comments 393

Alexander McNair, first Governor of Missouri and his wife. Mrs. Fisher gave a brief description of life in the 1820's when she made the presentation of the dolls before the House of Representatives.

The St. Joseph Lead Company has uncovered a concentration of commercial lead-zinc ore in the area of Washington County's Indian Creek. The location is some eleven miles from Potosi where Moses Austin, in the early 1800's, sank the first mine shaft in Missouri on his rich Mine a Breton lead diggings. In The Mining Engineer of September, 1953, C. Kremer Bain describes the new mine plant and crushing mill development in his article, "St. Joseph Lead's Indian Creek Development."

The Preston family of Liberty and their weekly newspapers, the Liberty Advance and Tribune are the subjects of an article in the April issue of Missouri Press News. The Tribune, which is the oldest Missouri newspaper continuously printed under the same name, has been owned by only three families since its establishment April 4, 1846. Active management of the papers is now in the hands of four Preston brothers—Walter, Robert, Arthur, and Eugene—and one sister, Mrs. Besse M. Faubion. Two other Preston brothers, Earl and Harley, are also engaged in newspaper work.

Bartlett Boder, in an article on " and the Mystic Land of Poosey" in the winter issue of Museum Graphic includes a number of counties in "Little Dixie" which are not usually thought to be in that area. In his analysis of the counties that should be included he gives some weight to the prevailing type of country home architecture and the probable percentage of slaves once owned. His article is illustrated with a number of excellent photo­ graphs of Platte County homes which bear out his thesis that they were modeled after homes in Virginia and other southern states.

Otto Ernest Rayburn, editor of Rayburn's Ozark Guide, began publishing, in the spring issue of the Guide, a transcript of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft's Scenes and Adventures in the Semi-Alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas, published in 1853. This series will continue in future issues until the book is completed. 394 Missouri Historical Review

Beautiful pictures in color showing apples and more apples draw one's attention to an article by Frank J. Taylor in the February 27th issue of the Saturday Evening Post. In the article Taylor describes the Stark orchards at Louisiana, their new dwarf apple trees, and the methods the Starks have used to discover and make available new and better kinds of apples.

In an article in the Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian of March 20 the editor tells of his trip to Bellingrath Gardens at Mobile, Ala., where he discovered that a shaft of red Missouri granite had been erected as the background for a marker. Rising eight to ten feet in height and with each of its three sides approxi­ mately four feet in width, the marker bears three heavy bronze tablets telling the story of the gardens. Mr. Bellingrath, the owner, chose Missouri granite as the only stone that would not deteriorate or lose its color, following the decision of a committee of experts chosen by the president of the national association of granite producers. Fine pictures of the marker and of the granite boulders in Iron County accompany the article.

L. L. Richardson of St. Louis is the author of a number of articles on the derivation of the names of some Jefferson County creeks—Joachim or Swashin, and Plattin. These articles have appeared in the Crystal City Jefferson County Press-Times of March 18, the Fredericktown Democrat-News and DeSoto Press of March 25, and the Farmington News of March 26. The author attributes Swashin and Plattin to local vernacular.

Miss Valle Higginbotham is the author of a number of articles in the De Soto Jefferson Republic during 1953 and 1954 on the Louisiana Purchase chapter of the D. A. R. which was organized at the De Soto in 1916. One article is on the chapter's oldest living charter member, Mrs. Ella Farris, another is on four of the early regents of the chapter, and a third, of March 18, 1954, is on the history of the chapter itself.

An article by Mrs. Oliver Howard on the history of Salt River and some early sayings and anecdotes connected with it appeared in the Hannibal Courier-Post of February 18. Descendants of many of the first settlers along the river are still living in the area. Historical Notes and Comments 395

The New London Baptist Church, which was destroyed by fire the second week in March, was the subject of an article by Mrs. Oliver Howard in the Hannibal Courier-Post of March 18. The first Baptist church in New London was organized in 1823 but it went out of existence in 1831 and it was not until 1867 that the present church was organized. Ezra Carstarphen was the leader in the movement to build the rock church which was just destroyed. The new Ocean Wave Community building near New London is built on the site of the old Ocean Wave Christian Church. In an article in the Hannibal Courier-Post of April 16, Mrs. Oliver Howard gives the history of the church and community and de­ scribes the new community building.

Lawrence Lutkewitte is the author of a number of historical articles which have appeared in the Jefferson City Sunday News and Tribune. One on Sam B. Cook, banker and former State treasurer was in the issue of January 17, one on Lester B. Parker, shoe manu­ facturer and superintendent of industries at the State Penitentiary under Gov. Gardner, on January 24, and a third on the City Rotary, on February 21.

An article in the Joplin Globe of February 14 tells of the ac­ tivities of the Jasper County Historical Society in unearthing material of historical interest in the county.

Another article by Chester A. Bradley in the Kansas City Star of February 28, one in his series on interesting people and points of interest in Missouri, describes the Western Historical Manu­ script Collection at the University of Missouri. The manuscripts relate to the entire Missouri Valley and Great Plains area. Dr. James Neal Primm is assistant director of the collection and Prof. Lewis E. Atherton over-all director. The William Joel Stone monument on the grounds of the Vernon County courthouse is excellently described in word and picture by Chester A. Bradley in the Kansas City Star of March 14. Stone was the only Missourian ever to serve as congressman, governor, and U. S. senator from Missouri. Chester A. Bradley, in his "Missouri Notes" in the Kansas City Times of April 19, calls attention to the new museum opened in the city office building in Clarksville. The museum is a project 396 Missouri Historical Review of the Clarksville Development Association, the Chamber of Com­ merce, and the Pike County Historical Society. An article by Sam Smith in the Kansas City Times of April 24 tells a little of the history of two Missouri experiments in communal living, Bethel and Liberal. The material on Bethel is similar to that contained in the October, 1953, and January, 1954, Missouri Historical Reviews and the article is illustrated with the picture which served as a cover for the October Review. The author adds a great deal of interesting information on the free thinkers' asylum in southwest Missouri at Liberal where George Henry Walser attempted to set up a communal fellowship of the mind. Both communities failed in their purposes and are today much the same as other Missouri towns of their size. General Jo Shelby, a recent biography by Daniel O'Flaherty, is reviewed by Theodore M. O'Leary in the Kansas City Star of April 30. This is the first biography of Shelby covering his entire life, according to the reviewer, and it is a sympathetic treatment of the Missouri-born Confederate general. A sensational jail break of 1859 is recorded by Lelia Munsell in an article in the Kansas City Times of May 3. Dr. John Doy, abolitionist resident of Lawrence, Kan., was the prime mover in helping thirteen Negroes escape. He was convicted at St. Joseph, Mo., but was rescued by a party of nine Lawrence men under Maj. James Abbott.

John Marchbank of Van Buren recalls hauling logs with an ox team at Coppermine Hollow in Carter County, according to an article by Lucile Masnor in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of March 1. The oxen were used to do the heavy work for the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company there in 1895.

"Uncle" Wiley Blackwell of the Hawkins Bank community celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday on April 18. An article on his early life and Civil War remembrances appeared in the Salem Post of February 25. The Salem Post of April 29 carried a front-page story on a recent archaeological find in a Meramec River cave near Salem. Three Salem boys, Bud Dent, Malcolm Bircher, and Tom Hughes discovered the skeletons of three Indians buried in the cave and with the help of Carl Chapman from the University of Missouri they Historical Notes and Comments 397 determined that they were of the Highland people who inhabited this area from approximately 1200 A. D. to 1600 A. D.

"The Ozarks Wastebasket" column, edited by Lucile Morris Upton, in the Springfield Daily News of February 26, included an article by Mrs. Fred Langdon on the first steamboat to ascend the Osage River. In the spring of 1844 the Flora Jones went up the Osage to Harmony Mission, frightening everyone along the way with its whistle.

Lucile Morris Upton in her column headed "The Curbstone Critic" in the Springfield Leader and Press of May 5 suggests that Springfield take some action toward recognizing the coming cen­ tennial of the Butterfield Overland Mail in 1958. She notes the appointment of a national committee on the celebration with Floyd C. Shoemaker as the chairman of the Missouri sub-committee and she continues with a resume of the article in the April Missouri Alumnus which coins the phrase "Mr. Missouri" as an appellation for Mr. Shoemaker.

HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS

Franco-Spanish Rivalry in North America 1524-1763. By Henry Folmer. (Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1953. 346 pp. $10.00). In 1493 Pope Alexander VI issued a papal bull setting up a line of demarcation which divided the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal to the exclusion of all other nations. Of course, France refused to acquiesce in this edict so for almost two centuries and a half the two imperialistic rivals, France and Spain, sparred for the North American continent. By tacit agreement, however, the violence and atrocities in the New World were not allowed to affect the relations of the two countries in the old. The major field of rivalry between the two countries was along the Gulf of Mexico between Florida and Mexico, and in the rich country of Louisiana west of the Mississippi. It is this clear presentation of the gulf rivalry which makes the subject and the book especially interesting and valuable to Missourians. This excellent study is mainly concerned with the political aspects of the American conquest. It is a fine and scholarly con­ tribution to a clearer understanding of the policies pursued by the two countries as it brings together, in one narrative, the loose 398 Missouri Historical Review events which made up that rivalry. An extensive bibliography and index are included.

The Territory of Arkansas 1819-1825. Vol. XIX of The Terri­ torial Papers of the United States. Compiled and edited by Clarence Edwin Carter. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1953. 1003 pp. $6.50.) This, the first of three volumes giving the official papers of the territory in question, covers the administrations of the first territorial governor, James Miller, those of the acting governor, Robert Crittenden, and the Executive Register for the years 1819-1836 containing entries of all civil appointments. Of the 777 separate documents published, no more than a score have ever appeared in print before. The bulk of the documents deal with administrative affairs but a number of petitions and memorials of the people and of the territorial assembly to Congress are also given, dated prior to March 2, 1819, when Arkansas was established as a territory of the first type separate from Missouri. Headnotes to each document identify the sources, footnotes direct the reader to other printed sources and cite relevant docu­ ments which have not been included in the text, and a fine 126-page index makes all of this material readily available. The volume leaves little to be desired in comprehensiveness or scholarship and is a fine contribution to the early history of Arkansas.

Freemasonry in the Western Hemisphere. Vol. No. 10 of the Transactions of the Missouri Lodge of Research, 1952-1953. By Ray V. Denslow. (Fulton, Mo.: Ovid Bell Press, 1953. 453 pp. $4.00.) The author traces Freemasonry's history in Alaska, Canada, the individual states of the U. S., Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and South America. It is interest­ ing to note that many of the first lodges in the western states re­ ceived their dispensations from the Grand Lodge of Missouri: California, Iowa, Oregon, and Utah; and the lodges in Kansas and New Mexico were definitely "daughters" of the Missouri Grand Lodge. The first lodge in Missouri, Louisiana Lodge No. 109 at Ste. Genevieve, received its dispensation from Pennsylvania in 1807 and other early ones from Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana. Indexed.

Historical Atlas of the United States. Rev. ed. By Clifford L. Lord and Elizabeth H. Lord. (New York: Henry Holt and Historical Notes and Comments 399

Company, 1953, 238 pp. $5.00.) This volume is, as it was designed to be, a visual history concerned with social and economic develop­ ments as well as political ones. One finds such varied fields charted in ten or twenty year periods as the "progress of abolition," "nation­ al forests," and "women's hours of work." In fact it is a veritable U. S. Census in the form of maps. It should be an excellent aid to high school or college students of American history in understanding the developing nature of our economy and social structure. A valuable appendix and index.

Indian Removal. By Grant Foreman. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953. 415 pp. $6.00.) According to the author, the 1953 edition of this definitive work on the emigration of the five civilized tribes of Indians is practically the same as the earlier edition of 1932, since no new material has been found to alter the picture. The only differences noted by the reviewer were minor ones—a slightly different placement of some of the maps and pictures and the fact that the illustrations in the new edition, not being printed on glossy paper as in the original edition, have lost some of their sharpness. Grant Foreman was one of the foremost chroniclers of Indian history and each of his books has been a splendid contribution to that subject.

Victory Rode the Rails. By George Edgar Turner. (Indian­ apolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1953. 419 pp. $4.50.) This is not a history of the Civil War but is, rather, the story of the vital part which the railroads played in determining the ultimate victory. For almost ten years before 1860 the North had been bound into a trade unit through steel rails running east and west and north and south, forging a gridiron which was later to tip the balance in its favor. The South with only 9,000 of the 30,000 miles of railroad was hopelessly outclassed. The author lays Lyon's defeat at Wilson's Creek and Mulligan's at Lexington, Mo., to lack of railroad lines to those points. He also credits the later saving of Missouri for the Union to the ease of bringing rein­ forcements from the North to St. Louis by railroad. Good maps and index and unusual pictures enhance an interesting text.

Twenty-five Crucial Years of the St. Louis Public Library 1927 to 1952. By Charles H. Compton. (St. Louis: St. Louis Public 400 Missouri Historical Review

Library, 1953. 204 pp. $2.00.) The author, librarian at the St. Louis Library from 1938 to 1950 and emeritus since that date, gives a clear picture of the ups-and-downs of the library's fortunes, the struggles of its supporters for increased funds, and their eventual success. The last section is given over to six reports by library readers on the library's activities. Indexed.

uShe Takes the Horns." By Frederick Way, Jr. (Cincinnati: Young and Klein, Inc., 1953. 144 pp. $3.00.) The title of this volume is an old expression arising from the custom of the fastest boat on the river wearing a pair of gilded deer antlers as a symbol of achievement. The author gives the exciting stories of a number of steamboat races including that of the Robert E. Lee and the Natchez in 1870 and that of his own boat, the Betsy Ann with several boats in the 1920's. An unusual feature is the sheet enclosed in a pocket of the book giving drawings of the Buckeye State, the only such drawing known to exist of the early racing steamboats.

Lawyer in Petticoats. By Tiera Farrow. (New York: Van­ tage Press, Inc., 1953. 214 pp. $3.00.) Tiera Farrow, one of the very few women lawyers in America when she graduated from the University of Kansas City School of Law in 1903, tells in this autobiography of her attempts to win a place for herself in the legal profession. Her experiences were amusing and varied and her disappointments keen at the discriminations against women she encountered. She won a degree of success for herself and witnessed the "emancipation" of women during fifty crowded years as a "Portia peril," a college student, a judge, and legal-aid coun­ selor in the Kansas City Welfare Department.

Twins of Genius. By Guy A. Cardwell. ([East Lansing]: Michigan State College Press, 1953. 134 pp. $2.50.) Sam Clemens and George W- Cable were billed as the "twins of genius" on their joint speaking tour of 1884-85. The author devotes the major portion of his volume to the entertaining story of this tour which is a distinct contribution to the Twain legend. The remainder is made up of letters exchanged between the two from 1881 through February, 1885, the period of their chief intimacy, and a few of later years extending to 1906. Indexed. Historical Notes and Comments 401

Indians of the Western Frontier. By George I. Quimby. (U. S.: Chicago Natural History Museum Press, 1954. 78 pp. $.50.) A short biography of the artist Catlin, with an explanation of how the Natural History Museum obtained thirty-five of his paintings from Miss Emily O'Fallon of St. Louis, is given in the "Introduction" to this pamphlet. Following are fine reproductions of the paintings themselves, in black and white, of Indian chiefs, warriors, women, and buffalo. A number of the pictures have not been published previously.

Swamp Angel. By Delia Cash Jenkins. (San Antonio, Tex: Naylor Co., 1.953. 159 pp.) The "bootheel" of Missouri in the early 1900's is the locale for this homespun story of Lottie Gray, the little country girl who moved to town and there met Carolyn Winters, who was a powerful influence for good in her life and in the life of the whole town. Local customs and superstitions and southeast Missouri dialect combine to make this an interesting bit of Missouriana.

Odes by an Ozarkian. By William Aden French. (Eminence, Mo.: Current Wave Press, 1945. 75 pp.) Topics as varied as a visit to the dentist, a fire drill in the army, and the legend of Blue Spring are the subjects of these poems. A number of them are short poems on the Ozarks but one, "Mutluka," on an Indian's experiences with the whites, is sixteen pages in length.

OBITUARIES

AGEE, CARL, Columbia: Born Feb. 13, 1889; died Apr. 18, 1954. A minister of the Christian church, he was for fifteen years, 1934-1949, dean of the Bible College of Missouri.

ATKESON, MRS. H. A., Wichita, Kan.: Born Sept. 16, 1867; died Aug. 24, 1953. A member of the Society.

BILLINGS, JOHN F., Portland, Ore.: Born Nov. 15, 1886; died Mar. 17, 1954; An employee of the Pacific Power and Light Co. A member of the Society.

BLACKBURN, MRS. FRANCIS A., Los Angeles, Calif.: Born Aug. 11, 1867; died June 19, 1953. A member of the Society. 402 Missouri Historical Review

BOHRER, ELDON CLAUDE, West Plains: Born Aug. 17, 1892; died Jan. 20, 1954. A physician in West Plains for thirty years and a civic leader, he was president of the Missouri State Medical Association.

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM M., St. Joseph: Born Mar. 17, 1873; died June 13, 1953. A member of the Society.

DAVIS, CLAY, Columbia: Born Oct. 26, 1899; died March 4, 1953. In the real estate and insurance business. A member of the Society.

DODSON, CHARLES, Van Buren: Born July 16, 1902; died Nov. 9, 1953. Operator of the Dodson Bus Line from Van Buren to St. Louis. A member of the Society.

GRIM, GEORGE E., Kirksville: Born Apr. 9, 1908; died Mar. 2, 1954. President and chief surgeon of the Grim-Smith Memorial Hospital. A member of the Society.

HEAD, WALKER W., St. Louis: Born Dec. 18, 1877; died May 3, 1954. Founder of the General American Life Insurance Co., he was president of the National Council of Boy Scouts, 1926- 1946.

JOBSON, C. A., Macon: Born July 13, 1871; died Apr. 26, 1954. A member of the Society.

KANE, CHARLES E., Santa Rosa, Calif.: Born Sept. 21, 1893; died Apr. 16, 1954. A member of the Society.

LINDHORST, WILLIAM, St. Louis: Born Apr. 22, 1890; died Mar. 7, 1954. A magician and author of books on magic. State representative, 1935-1939.

MACLENNAN, DUNCAN C, Kirksville: Born May 24, 1884; died Mar. 2, 1954. A retired Presbyterian minister, he was the temporary pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Kirksville.

QUARLES, JAMES T., San Fernando, Calif.: Born Nov. 7, 1877; died Mar. 4, 1954. Formerly professor of music at the University of Missouri and dean of the college of fine arts, 1924-1935. Historical Notes and Comments 403

ROGER, OSCAR L., Weaubleau: Born Feb. 25, 1884; died Oct. 10, 1953. A stock breeder. A member of the Society.

SAMUELS, LYNN, Carrollton: Born Aug. 1, 1852; died Mar. 10, 1954. The oldest resident of Carroll County, he was a practis­ ing physician until his retirement in 1918.

STAMPFER, JOSEPH, St. Louis: Born Feb. 20, 1868; died Dec. 13, 1953. A member of the Society.

STAYTON, EDWARD M., Independence: Born Sept. 4, 1874; died March 2, 1954. A civil and military engineer, he engaged in the location and construction of railways, was major general of the 35th division in the Missouri National Guard, and was a member of the Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1943-1944. A member of the Society since 1919.

SWEARINGEN, O. H., Kansas City: Born July 20, 1873; died Apr. 27, 1954. A lawyer, he was a trustee of Christian College for twenty years and a state representative 1911-1915, during which time he was chairman of the House appropriation committee which voted money for the erection of the main part of the Uni­ versity of Missouri library.

TRICKETT, DEAN, Tulsa, Okla.: Born Mar. 23, 1887; died Sept. 10, 1953. Historian and author, he was a retired employee of the Oil and Gas Journal. A member of the Society.

VONDERSCHMIDT, LESTER A., Mound City: Born June 12, 1903; died Apr. 14, 1954. A lawyer and state representative 1935- 1939 and 1947 until the time of his death. He was speaker of the House.

WILEY, HERBERT V., Pasadena, Calif.: Born May 16, 1891; died Apr. 29, 1954. A retired rear admiral, he was formerly com­ mander of the dirigibles Akron and Macon, and the ship U. S. S. West Virginia. After his retirement in 1946 he was assistant dean of engineering at the University of California at Berkeley.

WRIGHT, MILDRED A., Macon: Born Apr. 20, 1905; died Dec. 25, 1953. A registered nurse. A member of the Society. 404 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS

DID SEDALIA GET HER HOSPITAL IN 1950?

From the Palmyra Spectator, March 20, 1890.

A Sedalia rag dealer named Fisher left a peculiar will. At his death the sum of $200 was paid to the city of Sedalia, to be invested in real estate, interest to be compounded every year, the whole to run at 6 per cent, for sixty years, which at the expiration of that time will represent the sum of $12,800. Then the sum shall be applied to a hospital in Sedalia, no difference whether one is existing or a new one to be built.

A GREAT AMERICAN

From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 6, 1954. David P. Wohl, retired president of the Wohl Shoe Co., was awarded the sixth annual T. Kenyon Memorial Plaque presented by The 210 Associates, national philanthropic foundation of the shoe, leather, and allied trades Tuesday night . . . Joseph T. McCauley described Wohl as "an individual of the highest caliber whose own life follows a pattern of complete unselfishness in the achieve­ ment of great human deeds." . . . Wohl, who retired in 1951 as president of the Wohl Shoe Co., when it merged with Brown Shoe Co., has made gifts of more than $5,000,000, a friend has esti­ mated. He is a director of Washington University, vice-president and former president of the St. Louis branch of the Boy Scouts, and a director of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital and the Neighborhood Association of St. Louis . . .

THE MAIL MAN DIDN'T KNOCK TWICE IN SPRINGFIELD

From the Springfield Leader and Press, May 5, 1954. Extracts from an article by Lucile Morris Upton.

If Springfield wants its share of deserved recognition in commemoration of the Butterfield Overland Mail it had better speak up. Already a regional organi­ zation is underway for observance of the centennial in 1958. This was a key city in the historic mail service between St. Louis and San Francisco. Congressman John S. Phelps, who lived here, was greatly responsible for the organization of the mail route and this is the most westward city to which owner John Butterfield traveled over the line. We could well remind the world, also, that September 17, 1858, when the first Butterfield Overland Mail coach dashed into Springfield this city was alert to its importance. St. Louis, where John Butterfield left by train with his mail pouches, and Tipton where his stage coaches took off, gave him scant notice, as did the newspapers until after the trip was completed. Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 405

But in Springfield the citizens rang bells, paraded, sang, built bonfires, and rejoiced. They didn't get over their excitement for days. Weeks later the dudes around town were wearing Butterfield coats, hats, and boots.

THE WILD BEASTS OF MISSOURI

From the Springfield Daily News, February 26, 1954. Extracts from an article by Mrs. Fred Langdon in "The Ozarks Wastebasket," edited by Lucile Morris Upton.

... In the spring of 1844 . . . the Flora Jones came up to Harmony Mission in Bates County ... Mr. Matthew Arbuckle was plowing when the whistle sounded. It scared him and his horse ... In one hour he was in Papin- ville. The horse was white with foam and Mr. Arbuckle was white with terror. . . . The old pioneers . . . gathered at Whitley's not far from the river. A hunt was started and the hounds were called in. Matt Whitley's daughter had gone to the river for water a few minutes before . . . The father of the girl rushed to the river, thinking to bring his daughter back dead or alive. The neigh­ bors followed him, all on horseback. They met Matt with the girl on his horse, her hair streaming in the wind and her face pale with fright. She had heard the beast! . . . The Flora went on to Papinville and got out of reach of the hunters. A storm came up the next day and they gave up . . . The storm hit and the men were near the rock house, which had a cave. The men built a fire to keep beasts away ... The hunters heard the steamboat coming up the river the next morning and started to meet it. When it came in sight a lot of passengers were on deck watching the sunrise . . . The hunters were amazed. They returned to their cabins, but historians years later quoted Mr. [James] Breckenridge as saying he shuddered when the steamboat was mentioned and felt as if he could choke a questioner about it . . .

"CALAMITY" AGAIN

From the Ottawa, 111., Daily Republican-Times, February 5, 1954. Extracts from an article by C. C. Tisler. . . . Two contrasting views of the famous Western denizen of saloons and the tough towns of the old West [Calamity Jane] came to light recently. One in the October, 1953, issue of the State Historical Society quarterly of Missouri pictures her as a rough tough character. The other, dealing more gently comes from H. L. Howard . . . who is now 87 years old. He was still young when "Calamity Jane" breathed her last and he helped bury her . . . Howard recalled that he once essayed his talents as a preacher and that among those who heard him was the famed "Calamity." . . . Howard preached in the volunteer fire company building since the church was on a street that was being graded. A reform wave had struck the town and the saloons for once were closed on Sunday. "Calamity" and her friends apparently had no place to go but to church. She was asked what she thought of Howard's preaching and she said "Well, you know I have heard the good ones. But I guess the young feller talked like he believed what he was saying." 406 Missouri Historical Review

Howard recalled the furor created in the West long ago when some woman calling herself "Calamity Jane" was fatally injured when she fell out of a buggy at Central City, Colo. She was dismissed as a snide "Calamity Jane." The admirers of Martha Jane Canary insisted there was but one "Calamity Jane," that she was one of the distinguished citizens of Deadwood and the town was proud of her.

PUBLIC RELATIONS MEN TAKE NOTE

From the Palmyra Spectator, May 8, 1890.

During the reign of the James boys in Missouri it was observed that the trains of the Hannibal and St. Jo were never molested by the James boys or their bandetti . . . It was all due to an annual pass. One day while in the office of the general superintendent at Hannibal, a news reporter saw a list of persons to whom annual passes were issued. Among the number was the name of Mrs. Samuels of Kearney, Mo. This station is a primitive settlement of houses that resemble match boxes whitewashed . . . "How's that?" was asked of the superintendent in astonishment, when it was recalled that Mrs. Samuels was none other than the one-armed mother of the noted robbers. "My dear boy," responded the railway official, with a suave smile and an exuberant twirl of his watch chain, "that annual pass saves the St. Joe road thousands of dollars, and our trains are, as you know, never molested by the James boys. We have carried her for years and will continue to do so as long as we turn a wheel. She possesses the only life pass on the road." Not long afterwards when Frank James was pardoned ... he was asked about the incident and responded feelingly: "We never boarded a St. Jo train just on that account. The kindness shown our crippled mother and the refusal of the road to run a special train of Pinkerton men to surprise us touched the hearts of both Jesse and myself. That is why we never bothered that road."

HE TREATED THEM JUST ALIKE

From the Paris Monroe County Appeal, February 18, 1953.

[A] three gabled tombstone, maybe the only one of its kind in the world, located at about the center of the old Paris cemetery . . . was erected in memory of three of the four wives of Daniel M. Dulany, a Paris pioneer. The stone is made of one piece of white marble . . . Under each spire ... is the name and other information about each of the three wives . . . A letter from George W. Dulany, Jr., of Lajolla, Calif., to Floyd C. Shoe­ maker of Columbia . . . tells something of the Dulany family ... He is a great-nephew of Daniel M. Dulany. Part of his letter follows: "My great grandfather migrated from Virginia to Kentucky, then in 1817 came from Kentucky to Missouri. He had several sons. Daniel Maupin Dulany was born in Kentucky in 1816 and William Henry Dulany in Missouri in 1818 . . . Daniel and William lived in Paris before the Civil War and were in the tobacco business. After the war they engaged in the rafted lumber business in Hannibal Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 407

. . . Uncle Dan lived to be 81. He had four wives, but no sons. His first three wives were all young women who died in childbirth . . . The three wives were all buried in the old cemetery in Paris. His fourth wife, Mary T. Dulany, sur­ vived him several years. They had only one daughter, who married the late well-known lawyer, George A. Mahan ..." In his letter Mr. Dulany relates another interesting story ... It concerns a Negro slave girl who belonged to his grandfather. She lived to be 84, willed her $9,000 estate to Mr. Dulany's grandson, and the family added to it to build a Dulany Hall at the Piney Woods Country School (Negro) at Braxton, Miss., in honor of "Aunt Lanky." His grandfather paid $600 for her at auction about 1850 at Paris.

THE KINGSVILLE RAID

From the Warrensburg Star-Journal, May 7, 1953. Extracts from an article by Jeanette Swanson.

On the 7th of May, 1868, a thoughtful crowd gathered slowly in Duncan cemetery near Kingsville, Missouri . . . They came to commemorate the un­ timely deaths of eight of their relatives and neighbors. That same day three years earlier, May 7, 1865, had started out in the village of Kingsville like any other peaceful, springtime Sunday. Except there was a new feeling of hope and security in the air, since a month before, April 9th the War between the States had officially ended at Appomattox Courthouse. The town, divided into two fiercely warring factions throughout the conflict, had seen enough of pillaging and arson. Now it welcomed peace. The peace was rudely shattered. An estimated force of two hundred bush­ whackers under the leadership of Arch Clements, a lieutenant of Bill Anderson who had died the previous autumn, swooped into town from the west. They started to pillage and burn Union homes and places of business. A small group of men hastily assembled under the command of a Kingsville storekeeper, Leroy Duncan, and opposed the attackers the best they could. Taken by surprise and greatly outnumbered, they fought a losing battle. Soon several of the defenders were lying dead or wounded, as were also some Negro workmen employed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad then under construction. Two of the dead were fourteen-year-old boys . . . Luckier than these boys was Wyatt Duncan ... As an onlooker he was sitting on the edge of a chair which had its cane seat out. When the fighting started some thoughtful person pushed him on through the chair. Small for his age, and partly concealed by the chair, he looked a mere child. He dodged the whizzing bullets and came through without injury ...

THE ONE WHO COULD WRITE REALLY SPREAD HIMSELF

From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 20, 1924. Support for the attack of lawyers and others on the antique verbiage still used in criminal indictments in Missouri may be found in the language of what is said to be the first indictment returned in the Louisiana Territory after its cession to the United States. 408 Missouri Historical Review

The record is given in an article on Daniel Boone by Will S. Bryan, filed in the Missouri Historical Society archives. The author stated that this charge was preferred by the first American grand jury to meet north of the Missouri River, acting on the first murder within the "palatinate" of which Daniel Boone, living at Femme Osage, was commandant and magistrate. Bryan wrote: . . . "The preliminary hearing was held before Commandant Boone, who re­ manded the accused to the 'calabazo' at St. Charles to await the action of the grand jury. When that body assembled it developed that 11 of the 12 members could not write their names. Accordingly the one whose scholastic attainments had progressed to that point was chosen foreman, and the others signed their conclusions with a cross mark. In framing their indictment they endeavored to make up for their lack of erudition by solemnity of sound and particularity of statement, and the instrument they laboriously brought forth is one of the curi­ osities of literature." The text follows: "That one James Davis, late of the district of St. Charles, in the territory of Louisiana, laborer, not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the Devil, on the 13th day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and four (1804), at a place called Femme Osage, in the said district of St. Charles, with force of arms, in and upon William Hays, in the peace of God and the United States, there and then felo­ niously, willfully, and with malice aforethought, did make an assault, and that the said James Davis, with a certain rifle gun, four feet long, and of the value of five dollars, then and there loaded and charged with gunpowder and one leaden bullet, with said rifle gun the said James Davis, then and there in his hands had and held, fired and killed William Hays." The historian records that there must have been extenuating circumstances, for the grand jury freed Davis on $3,000 bond pending trial and Commandant Boone signed the bond. At the trial Davis was "cleared," or acquitted, as we now say.

SOMETHING NEW IN MINISTERIAL GARB

From Walter B. Stevens, Centennial History of Missouri, Vol. I, pp. 174-75. Missouri's most eccentric minister was Rev. Henry Clay Dean. He was at one time chaplain of the United States Senate. There was no question about his intellectual ability . . . Dean had no regard for personal appearance ... A good Methodist woman known throughout Missouri told this: "Mr. Dean always traveled with a black satchel which never seemed to hold clean linen, but always contained a pint bottle filled with paregoric, as he apolo­ getically explained. Truly, one would have believed it bourbon but for this statement; and very regular, liberal doses did the reverend gentleman take. Upon one occasion he came to my home early in the morning. It was summer, and he wore a white linen suit, but having walked in the rain some distance he was thoroughly drenched. After breakfast he said: 'Madam, if you don't mind, I will go to your spare room and take a little rest as I have been up all night.' "Without ado he was shown to the guest chamber. Four hours afterward he came downstairs to take his departure, and my eyes rested upon the most ridicu­ lous sight ever presented. It was not, apparently, the great man's custom to Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 409 disrobe upon retiring, and in his wet linen suit he had crawled between two new comforts, which not being warranted to wash, had left big red figures all over his clothes. No circus clown was ever more gaudily costumed. The scene was over­ powering, and I fled. The old gentleman, entirely oblivious, walked quietly down the street, his appearance causing merriment for all the boys of the village, until he met a friend, who, gazing with horror upon Mr. Dean's rotund form brilliantly figured with red poppies and pink hollyhocks, exclaimed: 'In heaven's name, Mr. Dean, what is the matter? You look just like an Easter egg.f "

SUPPOSE HE COUNTED THEM ON HIS INCOME TAX?

From the St. Louis Missouri Democrat, October 6, 1872.

"Be ye fruitful and multiply" was said in ancient times. Strange as it may appear, there is a whole community in Southern Missouri who have made this text the basis of their whole religious belief. On one occasion, having business of some importance with a member of this fraternity ... I called at his house, was met by his wife—a pale sickly woman— at the door and invited into a neat, cosy parlor. Stating that I wished to see her husband, she excused herself whilst she went to call him. Being gone some time and having nothing to do, I picked up the only book in the room, a large family Bible, and involuntarily began turning over its pages until I came to the family record of births and deaths. I was surprised at the record of births accredited to this man and his wife—being no less than seventeen, and not a single death! While I sat and pondered . . . the gentleman entered, and, after an intro­ duction of myself, he . . . insisted on my dining with him . . . On seating my­ self at the table, imagine my surprise to find only this man and his wife, and one pale, delicate youth of about eighteen composing the family; and asking in an off-handed manner where the other sixteen sons of the gentleman were, he informed me that he and his wife could lay claim to but one child . . . Expressing surprise, and mentioning the fact that I had inadvertently been looking over their "family record" and there saw seventeen sons' births an­ nounced, I asked an explanation. "Oh," said my host, "I belong to the church down in the valley that has for its creed, 'Be ye faithful and multiply,' and as it is against nature that Sally can have any more children, and becoming convinced that our present son was the only child that we should ever have, we laid the whole matter before a council of the church, where it was agreed that such being the true facts of the case . . . that we might every year bring before the minister and the church for christening our only son, have him rechristened, give him a new name, and have it placed on the church records . . . The minister said that passage of scripture—'One shall count as a host'—being authority for the whole proceeding. Our present and only child has been rechristened . . . and being an old line Democrat all my life, I gave him the pet names of our party, such as Loco Foco, Claybank, Hardshell, Rebel, Conservative, Liberal, and as Horace Greeley has repented so humbly of his past political belief, my son is now called Horace Greeley." 410 Missouri Historical Review

WHAT'S IN A NAME?

From the Charlestown, S. C, News and Courier, Sept. 18, 1952. Extracts from an article by the late Robert L. Ramsay. Sent to the Society by Cyril Clemens, Kirkwood, Mo. . . . Behind each one of the apparently commonplace place names lies a story of what has been happily called "progressive pioneering." Let us take for example one of these "unoriginal" names found today in at least 25 different states—the name of Lexington. All our American Lexingtons are the spiritual children of an obscure little Massachusetts village that slept unnoticed by its neighbors for the first 150 years after its founding. Like most New England towns, it took its name from the old country ... In 1775 when the first shot in the Revolutionary War was fired in that same little village, it sprang suddenly into the hearts of all Americans, as the cradle and symbol of our liberty. That very year in Kentucky ... a party of hunters heard the electrifying news and decided at once to adopt the name . . . Lexington, Va. . . . was settled in 1778 ... In that same year . . . the name was adopted in South Carolina for Lexington County and its seat. ... It spread rapidly to North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas . . . Meanwhile it was carried to Maine, New York, and Pennsylvania, and then across the mountains to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. Ken­ tucky men carried it to Missouri where it was adopted in 1818 for the first settle­ ment made in the present Boone County. . . . It is strongly suspected that this first settlement . . . chose the revered name . . . with the hope of thereby clinching its ambition to become the county seat . . . The coveted prize went instead to another town in the center of the county which had craftily chosen for itself a name—perhaps the only conceivable name—that was even more patri­ otic than Lexington. That was the name of Columbia. The defeated Lexington pined away soon afterwards and disappeared . . . Promptly the precious name was eagerly appropriated, in 1822, for the seat of the younger county of Lafay­ ette [Lillard] . . . Unlike the other "stock names" scattered across our continent, Columbia sprang not from a place but from a poet. It was first used, and probably first coined, by Philip Freneau in 1775 in his youthful poem entitled "American Liberty.". . . "What madness, Heaven, has made Britannia frown? Who plans our schemes to pull Columbia down?"

Thus wrote the impassioned young patriot; then perhaps apprehensive that his daring coinage might not be understood, affixed the footnote: "Columbia, America sometimes so called from Columbus, the first discoverer." . . . For a time Columbia seemed in a fair way to be accepted as the national name . . . The name came nearest to adoption in 1791 when the commissioners appointed to lay out the nation's capital decided to call its neutral federal terri­ tory the District of Columbia . . . Meanwhile South Carolina decided in 1786 to call its new state capital Columbia . . . The poetical Columbia . . . has been adopted in 32 states. The name reached Missouri in 1819, doubtless brought there direct from Columbia, Ky., the seat of Adair County . . . Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 411

JEFFERSON CITY'S DAY OF GLORY

From the St. Louis Missouri Democrat, January 24, 1872.

Jefferson City, Jan. 23.—From the early morning hour the capital was astir with expectation and excitement. The Grand Duke [Alexis of Russia] was to arrive at ten o'clock and long ere that hour a large crowd had assembled at the depot . . . It was not till a quarter past ten that the train arrived . . . All that the capital could do in the way of carriages to convey the Ducal party to the capitol was effected. There was a rather respectable closed carriage, to which were attached four well-mated horses, white in color, to the headstalls of which were attached small American flags, four for ten cents . . . A loud yell greeted the train as it steamed up to the primitive depot. The balance of the Reception Committee at once boarded the cars, and joined their brothers in extending an informal welcome to the Duke . . . On the arrival the Sigel Battery, Capt. Heurber, belched forth a welcome from Capital hill . . . Through the principal street of the city the carriages containing the Duke, his party, and his committee, were followed by Young America and Young Africa, who seemed alive to the event . . . When the last gun was fired, Frank Wilson called the House to order . . . the Senate entered preceded by the officers. . . and the President of the Senate called the joint session to order . . . A large number of ladies had been kept waiting outside the door of the hall, shivering in the cold for over an hour. Mr. Knott, of Osage, pitying their condi­ tion, offered a resolution to admit the ladies inside the hall . . . The resolution was carried and immediately a stream of ladies poured in filling every available seat . . . At twenty minutes to eleven o'clock, a second salute was fired, and in a few minutes after the folding doors of the hall were thrown open, and . . . the Ducal party entered headed by His Imperial Highness arm in arm with Senator Rollins, Admiral Possiet next arm in arm with Major Pope . . . Governor Brown . . . advanced a few steps, shook hands with Major Rollins, and was presented to the Duke by the Major . . . After which Gov. Brown unfolded his manu­ script and read in a clear voice the following address: "Your Imperial Highness—The General Assembly of the State of Missouri has devolved upon me the duty of extending to you ... a welcome to our capital . . . You are nearly related to the head of a great empire, allied to our nation by many interchanges of friendship in the past and by marked courtesies extended to our countrymen abroad. You come hither to study the workings of a social and political system essentially different from any you have known . . . Trust­ ing therefore, that nothing may transpire in the future to interrupt the good un­ derstanding which has prevailed between the two countries ... I renew to you again the words of welcome ..." The Duke's response: "Mr. Governor: I am very glad that during my journey through the States I have been able to acquire valuable information about the workings of your social and political institutions, for I am sure that the more we know each other the firmer will our friendship become ..." During the delivery of the address of welcome ... a great rush was made at the door to gain admittance into the hall, which sounded as if some dozens 412 Missouri Historical Review

of obstreperous characters were being hurled over the banisters into the depths below, but quiet was restored after awhile . . . A few matters of business were transacted but after the first few minutes His Highness seemed to lose interest in the proceedings and talked to Admiral Possiet . . . The Ducal party arrived at the Governor's mansion at about two o'clock where a luncheon, but a sumptuous repast, nevertheless, awaited them . . . At a quarter to four the party left for the train . . .

THE PORK-LEAD MARKET

From a letter found by Maynard Brichford, assistant archivist of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, in the Iowa County Circuit Territorial Records in the Archives Division of the State Historical Society of Wis­ consin. Reprinted with permission of the society. [In the years before the full development of Missouri's rich lead deposits, America's principal lead producing area centered about Galena, 111., in the un- glaciated region of northwestern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin. At this time, the farmers of the lower Missouri Valley supplied pork and other provisions to the lead miners of the north. Busy with their mineral diggings, the miners found little time for raising crops. This letter from a young Missouri farmer to his uncle in Wisconsin's lead mining region sets the story of pioneer agricultural and commercial development against the ever present background of family ties.] The Letter Robert Dougherty Mineral Point, Michigan Territory St. Louis County, Mo. May 13, 1834 My Dear Uncle I have had the pleasure of seeing several letters you wrote to Mr. G. T. King and [I am] glad to hear of your welfare and prospect of doing well . . . Mother is verry ill and has been so for some time. She has a bad cough, night swets and generally poor appetite. I think she is a little better. The sudden changes of the Country does not suit hir constitution. Brother Alexr. has had two attacks of fever since they came to this Country, one last fall and the other this spring. He is now able to ride about and nearly well . . . Nelly Park has moved this spring to Franklin County about 50 miles west of St. Louis to the town of Union Cty., seat of Franklin. I bought hir a verry comfortable home there last fall. She works at the Millenary Business and thinks hir prospects verry good for the time she has been there. I am living about 15 miles west of St. Louis where I first setled. [Near Des Peres] You have learnt I suppose through Mr. King that I lost my first wife in 1832. I married again on the 20th Feby. last. I was left with 3 children when my wife died . . . I have been thinking something about a trade in Pork this fall if I could have any encouragement. I wish you to write to me on the reception of this and tell me the probable or usual prices in the fall for Prime Pork in Barrels say the first of Deer, or there abouts, whether I could sell for Cash in hand or whether I would Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 413

likely meet with sale at a better price and more readily to take it in Lead, whether you have a regular inspection or not and whether I would be bound to have it inspected there before I could sell, also the price of Beef in Barrels. The usual price of Lard in Kegs. [On the St. Louis market prime pork brought $11 a barrel, while beef brought $9.] The present prospects for a crop are by no means flattering. Corn looks badly that was planted early . . . We had a frost about 2 or 3 weeks since that killed all the fruit and some think a great portion of the white oak and some other timber in the lowland, consequently no mash for this year. Any Pork that will go from here this fall will be corn fed. There has been great changes in Ky in the last 18 months. Many of our old acquaintances died in Flemingsburg last summer with the Cholera . . . There has been a few cases of Cholera in St. Louis. It is said to be on the Ohio and Mississippi from Louisville [to] New Orleans ... If I can make my expenses or a little more this fall, I will try and come up to see your Country.

Your nephew respectfully Thomas D. Yeats

MISSOURI HISTORICAL DATA IN MAGAZINES

The American-German Review, April: "German Influence on Hermann Houses," by Mildred & Joseph Schmidt. Bulletin Missouri Historical Society, April: "Captain Stoddard Discovers St. Louis," by John Francis McDermott; "Voyageur Songs of the Missouri," by Marius Barbeau; "Black-Robe Frontiersman: Gabriel Marest, S. J.," by John Francis Bannon, S. J.; "Anna Maria von Phul," by Charles van Ravenswaay. Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly, January: "How I Met Dr. A. L. Graeb- ner," by Wm. E. Wegener. Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine, April: "Susanna Randolph (Vandalia, Mo.) [chapter]." Ford Times, March: "Ste. Genevieve, Missouri," by Myrtle Vorst Sheppard. Harvester World, February: "One Man's Memorial" [H. E. Sever Memorial Library, Kahoka], by Jeanne Lamoreaux. The Mining Engineer, September: "St. Joseph Lead's Indian Creek Develop­ ment," by C. Kremer Bain. Missouri Alumnus, April: "We Nominate Floyd Shoemaker for 'Mr. Missouri' "; "The School of Mines and Metallurgy." Missouri Press News, April: "Publishing Liberty Papers is Family Proposition." Life, March 29: "Kansas City and St. Louis." National Genealogical Society Quarterly, March: "A Belated Census of Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, by Rev. Wm. J. Gammon. Oregon Historical Quarterly, March: "When Mark Twain Spoke in Portland," by Hubert H. Hoeltje. 414 Missouri Historical Review

Ozarks Mountaineer, May: "The Old Wire Road, Principal Artery of Ozark Pioneer Travel," by Evalyn Howard; ibid., August: "The Old Wire Road, Pioneer Builder of the Ozark," by F. P. Rose. Rayburn's Ozark Guide, Spring: "Southeast Missouri Ozarks," by L. L. Richard­ son; "The Schoolcraft Story," by Otto Ernest Rayburn. [St. Joseph] Museum Graphic, Winter: "Little Dixie and the Mystic Land of Poosey," by Bartlett Boder. Saturday Evening Post, February 27: "Those Homemade Apple Trees" [Stark's Orchard], by Frank J. Taylor. Woman's Home Companion, April: "America's Clubwoman of the Year: A Woman Who Loves Her Town" [Mrs. Oliver Howard], by Albert Q. Maisel. INDEX TO VOLUME XLVIII

The names of members of the State Historical Society of Missouri who have obtained new members for the Society and the names of the new members themselves have not been listed individually in this index. References to the lists of members are to be found under the heading State Historical Society of Missouri, membership.

Andersson, John, 361-62 Abbott, H. O., 85 Andrews, Charles, 306, 320 Abbott, James, 396 Andrews, Mary, art. on, noted, 202 Abbott, Reynold, 269-70 Andrews, Orrel, 307 Abbott Laboratories, 378 Ankeney, J. S., art. by, noted, 304 Acuff, Joseph M., verso t.p. April issue; Anniversaries, 90-91, 194-95, 299, 384-86 obit., 311 "Annual Meeting of the State Historical Adams, Henry, quoted, 133 Society of Missouri, 1953," by Floyd C. Adams, John, 121, 122; as President, 124 Shoemaker, 134-40 Adams, Robert M., art. by, listed, 323 Antioch Community Church, Kansas Addington, James R., 92 City, 194 Ade, George, 369 Arbuckle, Matthew, 405 Adventures Underground in the Caves of "Archaeological Salvage at Avondale Missouri, by Hazel Rowena Powell, 311 Mounds," art. listed, 323 Agee, Carl, obit., 401 "Archaeological Survey of Missouri," art. Agriculture, State Board of, 101; book on, listed, 220 101 Archaeology, Folsom man, 202; Archaic Airplanes, art. on first trans-Atlantic man, 202; arts, on, listed, 220, 323, flight, 109, book on, 310 noted, 382, 396; expedition to Mexico, Aker, Mrs. E. G., 89, 193 387 Alewel, Louis E., donor, 389 Arkansas, part of La. Pur., 20 Alexander, John T., art. by, noted, 98 Arkansas Territory, book on, 398 Alexander VI (pope), papal bull of, 397 Army of the West, 237 Alexis (grand duke of Russia), art. on, Arnhold, George, mill and dam, 269-70 quoted, 411-12 (illus.). Erratum Arnholt Allen, Clayton, 192 Arnold, Vaun, art. by, noted, 97 Allen, Joseph, 262 Arrow Rock, Mo., historical marker, 138; Allen, Robert, 262 n. 1796-1820, 168 (illus.) Allen, William M., 262 n. Art Students' League, New York, 324 Altenburg, Mo., historical marker, 138 Articles of Confederation, 122 Alton, Edward, 320 Artists and Illustrators of the Old West, America First Committee, book on, 205 1850-1900, by Robert Taft, 102 America First: The Battle against Inter­ As I Saw It, A Review of Our Times, by vention, 19^0-19^1, by Wayne S. Cole, Daniel R. Fitzpatrick, 203 205 Ashland, Mo., telephone in, 1879, 214-15 American Association of Museums, 90 Associated Country Women of the World, American Assoc, for State and Local His­ 192 tory, awards of merit, 139-40, 195; Astorian Expedition, 173 committee of, 295-96 Atchison, David R., and Kansas, 1854- American Bankers Association, 324 1855, 224, 225, 228, 231, 234 (illus.), American Bar Association, 319 327, 333, 335, 336, 340 American Legion, Mo. Dept., 94, 188 Atchison, Kan., organized, 230; Lewis and American Philosophical Society, 4, 123, Clark monument, 276 387; grant by, 302 Atchison (Kan.) Squatter Sovereign, American Political Science Assoc, 385 founded, 231-32; quoted, 329 American Society of Fine Arts, organized, Atchley, Ann. See Vernon, Mrs. Ann 122-23 (Atchley) "Americans in the Valley," ed. by Ruby Atherton, Lewis E., 395 Matson Robins, 59-70, 166-80 Atkeson, Mrs. H. A., obit., 401 "America's Clubwoman of the Year," Atlas of the U. S., 398-99 art. listed, 414 Audrain County Historical Society, 192, Ames, Walter H., obit., 207 382; reactivated, 83-84; proposed mu­ Anderson, James, 134, 135-36 seum, 84, 140 Anderson, William, 69 Audubon Museum, Henderson, Ky., 391 Anderson, William O., home, 57; art. on, Aulsbury Free Will Baptist Chapel, rec­ noted, 303 ords of, 300. Erratum Alsburg Anderson, William T. (Bill), 407; art. on Aunt Lanky (Negro woman), 407 funeral of, noted, 97 Aurora, Ore., communal colony in, 25, Anderson House, Lexington, centennial, 148-53, constitution, 148-50, 297, ended, 303 389-90 Andersson, Hokan, letters, 353-59 Austin, Moses, 17-18, 162, 196, 393 Andersson, Mrs. Ingrid, 357, 358 Austin, Stephen F., 237 Andersson, Johan (or Joseph), letters, Austin-Pitcairn Roadside Park, dedi­ 353-64 cated, 196 415 416 Missouri Historical Review

Ayer, Edward E., verso back cover July Becknell, William, 83 issue Before Lewis and Clark, cited, 140 Ayers, E. D., 265 Bek, William G. (trans.), "From Bethel, Missouri, to Aurora, Oregon Letters of B William Keil, 1855-1870," 23-41, 141-53 Babe Ruth. See Ruth, George Herman Belch, J. Ed., art. on, 213 Baer, Agnes Marie, C. S. J., thesis by, 86 Belcher, William T., obit., 207 Bagnell, Mo., railroad to, 1881, 264; tie Bell, Ovid., art. by, listed, 116 yards at, 268, 269 (illus.), 271-72 (illus.) Bellanca, Guiseppe, 109 Bagnell dam, 272 Beller, Augustus, painting by, in German Bain, C. Kremer, art. by, noted, 393, exhibit, 88, 93, noted, 282 listed, 413 Bellingrath, Walter D., 394; Gardens, art. Bakeless, John, 304-05 on, noted, 394 Baker, George, art. on, noted, 99 Bench, Mrs. Susie, 384 Baker, Howard W., 84 Benedictine Sisters of Perpetual Adora­ Baldwin, Elvin B., 300 tion, Kansas City, 91 Ball family, 88 Benham, Mrs. Samuel, 13 Ballantyne, Mrs. Augusta (Comstock), Benicia, Calif., 246 art. on, noted, 99 Bent, Charles, murdered, 247 n. Bancroftiana, noted, 94 Benton, Thomas Hart (senator), 17; the­ Banes, Gertrude, 198 sis on, 86; speeches of, noted, 114; Bannon, John Francis, art. by, listed, 413 quoted, 167; against Kansas-Nebraska Baptist Church Act, 225; portrait of, noted, 282; art. —Aulsbury, 300. Erratum Alsburg on, 322-23 —Bethel, Boone County, 179, Cape Benton, Thomas Hart (artist), collection, Girardeau County, 389 282-83; painting loaned, 378; murals —Big Bottom, 169 displayed, 378 —Cape Girardeau Association, 198-99 Benton County, part of Howard, 67 —Chariton, 1820, 177 Bernadotte, Folke, 129 —Cold Water, Minute Book of, noted, Berninghaus, Oscar E., 81 87 Berry, J. Brewton, 382 —Concord, 69 Berry, Richard, art. on, noted, 306 —Dent County Association, 390 Berry Bluff, tie banking, 267 —Dry Fork Association, 390 Berthiaume, Francois, 18 —Hebron, 199 Berthier, Louis Alexandre, 5 —Little Bonne Femme, 179 Bethel Baptist Church, Boone County, —Mount Pisgah, 69 179 —Nebo, 69 Bethel Baptist Church, Cape Girardeau —New London, 395 County, 389 —New Salem, 194 Bethel Communistic Colony, 23-25 (il­ —Providence, 300 lus.), 297; letters to, 26-41, 141-53; dis­ —St. Joseph, Primitive, 194 solution of, 389-90; art. on, noted, 396 —Teetsaw, 171 Betsy Ann (steamboat), 400 —Windsor, 299 Bettmann, Otto (co-auth.), Pictorial His­ Barbeau, Marius, art. by, listed, 413 tory of American Sports, 102-03; Ar­ Barbe-Marbois, Francois de, and La. chives, 102 Pur., 7-9 (illus.), 119, 129-31 (illus.) Bibb, Herman Leon, thesis by, 86 Barker, John T., talk by, noted, 98 Big Bottom settlement, 169 Barkley, Alben W., 194 Big Top, by Fred Bradna, 206 Barnes, Lakenan, 83 Billings, John F., obit., 401 Barnhill, F. C, speaker, 90, 192; officer, Billon, Frederic L., 15, 16 136, 377; donor, 303; plan for increas­ Bingham, George Caleb, portrait by, ing membership, 377 donated, 43-45 (illus.); painting by, Barrett, Mrs. Ethelyn (Louthan), 187 noted, 46, 47 (illus.); to Franklin, Mo., Barrett, Jesse W., Sr., 187 63 n.; biog. material on, noted, 98; Barrett, Jesse W., 136, 137; obit., 187-88 painting by, in German exhibit, 88, 93; Barrett, Mrs. Mary Louise (Church), 188 scrapbook, 139 (illus. from); collection, Barry County, archaeology of, 202 Bartleson, John, 175 139, 282-83; book on, to be published, Bartlett, William, 68 302 Barton, David, 17 Bingham, Henry Vest, 63 n. Bass, L., 215 Bingham, Mrs. Mary (Amend), 63 n. Bass, Peter, 166 Bircher, Malcolm, 396 Bass, Tom, art. on, noted, 99 Bishop, Edmund W., 301 Bass, Johnstons, Brooks & Harris, Ash­ Bishop, Esther Downs, verso t.p. Apr. land, Mo., 215 issue Bassage, Harold, 134 Bissell, Daniel, 14 Bates, Edward, 262-63, 319 Bixby, Harold, 109 Bates, Mrs. Julia (Coalter), 262 n. Black, Arline, verso t.p. Jan. and July Bates County, part of Howard, 67 issue; art. by, noted, 201 "Battle of Lexington," painting, noted, "Black Jack." See Pershing, John J. 282 Black Squirrel (horse), 99 Bay, J. Christian, art. on, verso back Blackburn, Mrs. Francis A., obit., 401 cover, July issue (illus.); collection, Blackhawk (Indian chief), 261 verso back cover July issue Blackmar, R. W., art. by, quoted, 107 Bayer, George F., 134, 381 "Black-Robe Frontiersman: Gabriel Bayse, I. Walker, 298 Marest, S. J.," art. listed, 413 Beaumont, William, art. on, listed, 116 Blackwell, Wiley, art. on, noted, 396 Beck, Lewis C, 15 Blair, Frank P., portrait of, noted, 282 Becker, Mr. and Mrs. Francis C, donors, Blair, James T., Jr., 84 300 Bland, Marjorie Crockett, thesis by, 86 Index 417

Bland, Richard (Silver Dick), art. on, Border troubles, 52; 1854-1855, 221-36, listed, 116 325-40 Blanton, H. J. 294 Boston, Mass., immigration from, to Bless, Bertha J., verso t.p. July issue; Kan., 1855, 327 home, 190 Boswell, Mrs. Irene, obit., 104 Blue Lodges, 232, 233, 234-35 Boulware, Ancil, 320 Blue Star Memorial Highways, park dedi­ Boulware, Isaac Wingate, art. on, 320 cated, 196 Bouvet, Maturin, 212 Bluffton, Mo., 174-75 Bovard, Oliver Kirby, 86 Blythe, A. D., 89, 193 Bowdry, Mrs. Clara (King), art. on, noted, 98 Bodenheimer, Isaac, 320 Bowles, John, 171 Boder, Bartlett, 193, 307; speaker, 89, 90; Bowman, Georgia Bessie, art. by, listed, arts, by, noted, 100, 199, 393, quoted, 220 218-19, listed, 414; officer, 136 Bowman's Mill, tie banking, 267 Bodine, M. S., 321 Boyer, Mary Joan, arts, by, noted, 389 Boggess, Mrs. Harry L., Sr., 383 Bradbury, John, quoted, 173 Boggs, James Edward, obit., 104 Bradley, Chester A., arts, by, quoted, Boggs, L. W., 113 110, noted, 201-02, 216, 307, 388, 395 Boggs, Mrs. Panthea Grant (Boone), Bradna, Fred, art. on, noted, 99; The Big 242 n. Top, 206 Boggs, Silas, 242 n. Bradshaw, Jean Paul, 384 Boggs, Thomas O., 242, 243 Bradshaw, William L., 385 Bogue, William Warren, thesis by, 85 Brakebill, G. W., 265 Bohrer, Eldon Claude, obit., 402 Brand, Jean, arts, by, 46-58, 154-65, 273- Bolduc House, Ste. Genevieve, 140 81, 365-72 Bonanza Trail, by Muriel Sibell Wolle, Bray, Cyrus D., obit., 104 206 Brazito, Mexico, battle at, 1846, 163-65, Bonaparte, Joseph, 125, 129 242 n. Bonaparte, Lucien, 125 Breckenridge, James, 405 Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon Breckenridge, John, 129 Bonfils, Frederick G., 318-19 Breihan, Carl W., The Complete and Au­ Bonne Terre, Mo., homecoming, 200; arts, thentic Life of , 310 on, noted, 200 Bremser, William J., verso t.p. July issue Bonne Terre Register, special edition of, Brenton, M. 300-01 noted, 200 Brett, Bradford, 83 Bonnet, Henri, 188 Brichford, Maynard, 412 "Bonnie Brook" (Rose O'Neill home), Bricker, John, proposed amendment to 368, 369, 370 U. S. Constitution, 307, 321 Booker T. Washington Memorial Insti­ Bridger, Felix James, art. on, listed, 116 tute, 85 Bridges Boone, Daniel, 250, 259; Boonville named —art. on, noted, 201 for, 68; at Ft. Osage, 82; death of, 97, —Captain Meriwether Lewis, at Belle- 304; art. on, listed, 116; historical fontaine, 276 marker, 138; Boone County named for, —Chouteau, 201 178; in Ky., 254-55; to Mo., 256; por­ —Eads, 277-79 (illus.) trait of, noted, 282; book on, noted, Brief History of Christian Churches (Dis­ 305; rescued daughter, outside back ciples of Christ) in Cedar County and St. cover, Apr. issue (illus.); as magistrate, Clair County, Missouri, 1852-1952, by 408 E. T. Sechler, 205 Boone, Daniel Morgan, 259 Briggs, Frank P., officer, 136 Boone, Israel, 255 British Albert Medal, 278 Boone, Jemima, outside back cover, Apr. British in U. S., and Treaty of Paris issue (illus.) (1763), 1; intrigues, 1780-1800, 2; and Boone, Nathan, home of, arts, on, noted, Treaty of Paris (1783), 2; lose E. and 97, 304-05; in War of 1812, 170; selected W. Fla., 1784, 2 site for Ft. Kearny, 343 n. Britzman, Homer E., art. by, listed, 115 Boone County, 1796-1820, 174, 178-80; Broadaxe, 266-67 book on, 204; arts, on history of, noted, Broadhead, James Overton, art. on, 319 305; courthouse, inscription on, 318-19; Broads Branch tie banking, 267 hospital addition, 392 Brooks, — (Methodist minister on Oregon Boone's Lick Country, immigration to, Trail), 347 59-70; in War of 1812, 170 Brooks, Fred, 316 Boone's Lick Trail, 103; map of, noted, Brooks, Hiram, 215 379 Brooks, Stanley, 384 Boon's Lick Country. See Boone's Lick Brown, — (farmer, Cole County), 213 Country Brown, Andrew W., 198 Boonsboro, Ky., 255 Brown, B. Gratz, 411 Boonslick Historical Society, 88, 192, Brown, Baxter L., obit., 104 297, 382 Brown, Charles H., obit., 207 Boonslick Salt Company, 317 Brown, Clarah F.f 90 Boonslick Trail. See Boone's Lick Trail Brown, K. S., art. by, listed, 116 Boonville, Mo., 1796-1820, 60, 68-70 Brown, Samuel R., 15 first Cooper County seat of justice, 67 Brown, Thompson, 198 state fair centennial, 91; historical Bruening, F. J., verso t.p. Apr. issue marker, 138; State Training School for Bruff, James, 19 Boys, 191; Thespian Hall, 304 Bryan, Will S., 408 Boonville, Battle of, 50 Bryant's Station, Ky., incident in history Boonville Weekly Observer, quoted, 332 of, back cover July issue (illus.) Border ruffians, 107; origin of term, 333- Buchanan County, hemp in, 1860, 54 35 Buckeye State (steamboat), 400 418 Missouri Historical Review

Buckeye Titan, by William E. and Ophia Cape Girardeau, Mo., and transfer of D. Smith, 103 Upper Louisiana, 1804, 14, 18; militia, Bucklin, Mo., centennial planned, 385; 1804, 19; historical marker, 138, 391; high school year book, noted, 385 marker program, 140; telephone line in, Buckner, Mo., historical marker at, 135 1877, 215; Rotary Club anniv., 386 (illus.) Cape Girardeau Baptist Assoc, history of, Buel, J. W., 273 198-99 Buffalo, Mo., 174 Cape Girardeau County, census of, listed, Buffaloes, 28, 29 116, 413 Bunch, I. W., 265 Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian, Bundschu, Henry A., officer, 136 anniv., 299 Buntline, Ned, 320 Capitals and capitols, Missouri state, Burch, Mrs. Wilhelmine, 392 burned, 1911, 43, 44, builder of, 303-04, Burckhardt, J. Fred, donor, 24 proposed murals for, 387; Pa. state, Burk, Cassie, 380 first, 303 Burke, Mrs. Jane (Calamity Jane), art. Caples, Mrs. Emily (Gist), 248 n. on, 46, 49-50 (illus.), noted, 306, Caples, Goff, 248 n. quoted, 320, 405-06 Caples, William N., 248 Burkhardt, Carl A., 194 Capps, Ernest L., 383 Burnes, James N., 323 Captain Meriwether Lewis bridge, 276 Burns, Jacob Ernest, obit., 312 Cardwell, Guy A., Twins of Genius, 400 Burns, James M., 327 Carlos IV (king of Spain), 5, 6, 7 Burns, Lowell, 380, 381 Burr, Aaron, 120 Carnett, P. S. (Pete), 266, 268, 270-71 Burrowes, Lon, obit., 104 Carpenter, Francis B., 198 Burrowes, Mark W., verso t.p. July issue Carpenter, Fred G., 81 Butler-Franks Roadside Park, 95 Carroll, H. Bailey, 197, 295 Butterfield, John, 404 Carroll County, early history, 175 Butterfield Overland Mail, 296; approach­ Carson, Elizabeth Chapin, art. by, listed, ing centennial noted, 397, 404-05 116 Bybee, William, 307 Carstarphen, Ezra, 395 Bynum, Grey, 62 Carter, Clarence Edwin (comp. and ed.), Byrd, Richard E., 109 The Territory of Arkansas 1819-1825, Byrne, Harry J., obit., 207 398 Bysfield, Mrs. Annie (Chapman), obit., Carter County, art. on lumbering in, 207 noted, 396 Carthage, Mo., arts, on, noted, 95; Shir­ C ley family in, 218 Cabeen, William, 176 Carthage, Battle of, art. on, noted, 95 Cable, George W., book on, 400 Carthage Female Academy, incorporated, Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, National Mon­ 218 ument, Calif., 198 Cartner, Elspeth Ann, thesis by, 86 "Calamity Jane." See Burke, Mrs. Jane Carver, George Washington, National "Calamity Jane was Lady Wildcat from Monument, 84-85, 100, 109, 198, 281; Missouri," 49-50 (illus.) Day, 84; bust of, 84-85 (illus.); Na­ California, admitted to Union, 223 tional Monument Foundation, 85; Call Back Yesterday, by Leonard Sackett, Foundation, 273; art. on, 279-81 (illus.), 103 noted, 365 Callaway, Elizabeth, outside back cover, Carver, Moses, 270 Apr. issue (illus.) Carver Memorial Institute, 85 Callaway, Fanny, outside back cover, Casa Calvo, Marquis de, 11-12 Apr. issue (illus.) Case, James, 90 Callaway, Richard, outside back cover Casey, Michael E., 43 Apr. issue Casner family, 175 Callaway County, book on, 204 Cass County, part of Howard, 67 Calvert, Ann. See Holladay, Mrs. Ann Catholic Church (Calvert) —Benedictine Sisters of Perpetual Ado­ Camden County, part of Howard, 67; tie ration, 91 industry in, 264-72; forest area in, —Clyde, 91 1950, 265 n. —Conception, 91 Camden Point, Mo., Confederate monu­ —Kansas City, 91 ment in, 301 —Mundelein, 111., 91 Camp Jackson, 52 —St. Louis, St. John Nepomuk, 384 Camp Yuma. See Forts, Yuma —Tuscon, Ariz., 91 Campbell, Alexander, art. on, listed, 220 Catlin, George, paintings by, noted, 401 Campbell, Robert, 100 Campbell, T. M., 85 Catron, John, 172 Campbell, William M., obit., 402 Caves, in Mo., book on, 311 Campbell House, St. Louis, 100 Cecil, A. H. B., 92 Camp-meetings, 262; first in Mo., 258; Cedar County, book on, 205 in Warren and St. Charles counties, Cemeteries, drawings of tombstones, 342-43 noted, 87 Canary, Martha Jane. See Burke, Mrs. Center, Mo., art. on, noted, 305; roads, Jane 1898, 316 Candle making, 154; art. on, 158-59 Central College, centennial, 194, 299 (illus.) Chain of Rocks Canal and Locks, 94 "Candlelight Was a Hard-Earned Lux­ Chandler, Timothy, 70 ury," 158-59 (illus.) Chapman Carl, 202, 391, 396; art. by, Cannon, B. B., 161; journal of, 301 listed, 220, noted, 382 Canton North East Reporter, quoted, 331 Chapman, Stan, art. by, noted, 201 Canton Press, founder, 187 Chappell, John, home, art. on, noted, 96 Index 419

Chariton, Mo., 1796-1820, 176-78; Female Clark, William, expedition, 4, 274-76 Mite Society, 177; Baptist Church, (illus.); journal found, 97; at Ft. Osage, 177; Methodist Church, 177; Presby­ 1808, 82; Indian agent, 244 n.; monu­ terian Church, 177 ments to, 276; statue of, 276 Chariton County 1796-1820, 174, 176-78 Clarksville, Mo., museum, 395; Develop­ Charles Gustavus, Charles X, king of ment Assoc, 396; Chamber of Com­ Sweden, 1654-60, 360 merce, 396 Charless, Joseph, 167 Clay, Horace B., obit., 104 Charleston, Mo., Civil War in, 390 Clay County, book on lawyers in, 104; Charleston Courier, old files of, noted, 390 art. on history of, noted, 202; marker Chassaing, Mrs. Olga, 115 site, 189-90 Cherokee Indians, art. on, 159-61 (illus.); Clay County Historical Society, inside journals on, 310 back cover Oct. issue, 192, 382-83 "Cherokee 'Trail of Tears' Led across Claymorgan claim, 66 Missouri," 159-61 (illus.) Cleland, Hugh G., arts, by, listed, 116, Chicago, 111., Confederate monument, 92 220, 324, noted, 304 Chicago and Alton Railroad, thesis on, 85 Clemens, Cyril, "Mark Twain and Chicago (111.) Historical Society, 392 Dwight D. Eisenhower," 95; Mark Chihuahua, Mexico, battle at, 1846-47, Twain for Young People, 311; donor, 242 n., 243 410 Chiles, Susan C, art. by, quoted, 213-14 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, statues of, Cholera, 413; art. on, 213-14; on the 115; arts, on, listed, 116, 220, 413; his­ Oregon Trail, 343 torical marker at birthplace, 138; por­ Chorette, Joseph, 176 trait of, noted, 282; murals, noted, Chouteau, Auguste, 17 301-02; books on, 311, 400 Chouteau, Cyprian, art. on, noted, 201 Clements, Arch, raid by, 407 Chouteau, Francois, art. on, noted, 201 Clements, Earle C, 88 Chouteau, Frederick, art. on, noted, 201 Clements, Homer M., 83 Chouteau, Pierre, 16 Clemson, Ely, 82 Chouteau bridge, 201 Clermont (steamboat), 132-33 Christian Church Cleveland, Grover, 319 —Cedar County, book on, 205 Clinton, George, 120 —Island City, 91 "Clubwoman of the Year," award, 386-87 —Liberty, 194 Clyde, Mo., Benedictine Sisters convent, —Long Branch, 95 91 —Ocean Wave, 395 oahuila, Mexico, laws, basis for first —St. Clair County, book on, 205 New Mexico code, 240 n. —Smithville, 384 Coalter, David, 262 —Trenton, 299 Coalter, Julia. See Bates, Mrs. Julia Christian College, 190 (Coalter) Christiana, queen of Sweden, 360 Cody, William (Buffalo Bill), 320 Christman, Henry M., art. by, noted, 96 Cogswell, William, 198 Christopher, Mrs. M. A., verso t.p. Apr. Cold Water Baptist Church, minute issue book of, noted, 87 Christy, William, 87 Cole, George, obit., 207 Church, Mary Louise. See Barrett, Mrs. Cole, Hannah, 59, 67, 68 Mary Louise (Church) Cole, Lela, "The Early Tie Industry Churchill, Armstead, 265 along the Niangua River," 264-72 Churchill, Harry, 265 Cole, Mrs. Redmond S., donor, 389 Churchill, Winston, 126 Cole, Rose Marie, letter from, quoted, 115 Cincinnati, Ohio, immigration from, to Cole, Samuel, 68 Kan., 1855, 326-27 Cole, Stephen, 67, 166 "Cincinnatus of Missouri." See Smith, Cole, Wayne S., America First; The Battle Thomas A. against Intervention, 191+0-19kl, 205 Circuses, book on, 206 Cole, William Temple, 67 n. Civil War, Ralls County, art. on, noted, Cole County, part of Howard, 67; organ­ 200; causes of, 228, 229; ironclad fleet ized, 70; 1796-1820, 166-67; book on, in, 277; monuments, 92, 98, 196, 301; 204 hospital, 304; provisional government Cole County Historical Society, 88-89, in Mo., 319; book on, 399, see also 192-93, 383; "Bulletin," of, 192, 383 Militia, Civil War battles Coleman, Rufus A., arts, by, listed, 116 Civil War battles Collard, Elijah (or Elisha), 259 —Boonville, 50 —Carthage, 95 Collard, Elisha (or Elijah), 259 —Ft. Donelson, 277 Collier, James E., The Geography of the —Ft. Henry, 277 Northern Ozark Border Region of Mis­ —Franklin, Tenn., 391 souri, 203-04 —Island No. 10, 277 Collins, A. Loyd, 87 —Lexington, 46, 56-58 (illus.), 399; Collins, Mrs. A. Loyd, 87 picture of, noted, 282 Colman, Norman J., book on, 101 —Reed's Bridge, Ark., 217 Colman's Rural World, book on, 101 —Westport, 98, 196, 301; art. on, Colorado, part of, in La. Pur., 20 noted, 98 Columbia, as a place name, art. on, 410 —Wilson's Creek, 56, 399; art. on, 50- Columbia, proposed town, 1819, 171 52 (illus.), noted, 98 Columbia, Mo., description of, 1855, 108; Claiborne, William C. C, 10, 13 early history of, 179; Calvary Episcopal Clark, Bennett Champ, 298 Church, 134; historical marker, 138; Clark, George Rogers, 255, 256 n. arts, on, noted, 305; Boone County Clark, Harlie F., obit., 312 courthouse, 318-19; origin of name, 410 Clark, J. B., 335 Columbia Daily Tribune, 137 Clark, N., 350 Columbia Herald Statesman, 60 n. 420 Missouri Historical Review

Columbia Missouri Statesman, quoted, 331-32 Columbia Missourian, "Progress Edition" Dale, Robert S., art. by, noted, 200 of, noted, 305 Dallas County, art. on Swedes in, 352-64 Columbia University, 121 Dalles, on Columbia River, 25, 36-41 Columbus, proposed town, 1819, 171 Dalton, J. Frank, 310 Communistic colonies, 23-41, 141-53, Dana, Charles A., 296, 324 389-90; art. on, noted, 396 Daniel, Franz E., verso of t.p. Oct. issue Complete and Authentic Life of Jesse Darby, Ada Claire, 193; Pull Away Boat­ James, The, by Carl W. Breihan, 310 man, 310; obit., 312 Compton, Charles H., Twenty-Five Cru­ Darby, John Fletcher, quoted, 15, 16-17 cial Years of the St. Louis Public Li­ Darley, F. O. C. picture by, 46, 51 (illus.) brary, 399-400 Darst, Joseph M., obit., 104 Compromise of, 1850, 223 "Das Grab 1st Tief und Stille" (song) Conard, Howard L., 16 153 Conception, Mo., Benedictine Sisters con­ Daugherty, John, 335 vent, 91 Daugherty, Lee A., 89 Concord Church, Cooper County, 69 Daughters of the American Revolution Concordia Historical Institute, 140 —Bethany, Elizabeth Harrison chap­ Confederates, Civil War, monuments to ter, 116 veterans, 92, 301, 307 —De Soto, Louisiana Purchase chap­ Conger, E. J., 294 ter, 220, 394 Congress. See U. S. Congress —Farmington, Sarah Barton Murphy Connecticut, State Historical Society of, chapter, 318 11 n. —Gallatin, Gallatin chapter, 116 Connelley, William E., quoted, 226, 227, —Jefferson City, Jane Randolph Jef­ 328, 333-34 ferson chapter, 93 Connelsville, Mo., 26 n. —Liberty, Alexander Doniphan chap­ Constitution, 1820, 215; 1865, 88 ter, 220 Constitutional Convention (1875), 391 —Marshall, 196 Conyers, Arleen Saucke, thesis by, 85 —Maryville, Nodaway chapter, 323 Cook, Helen Kramer, art. by, noted, 98 —Mexico, Mexico-Missouri chapter, Cook, Sam B., art. on, noted, 395 116 Cooper, Benjamin, 170 —Montgomery City, Montgomery chapter, 220 Cooper County, 1796-1821, 66-70; book —St. Joseph, St. Joseph chapter, 116 on, 204 —Sibley, Ft. Osage chapter, 83, 136 Corwin, Audrey, 85 —Vandalia, Susanna Randolph chap­ Cosner, Mrs. W. D., 299 ter, 413 Cote sans Dessein, Mo., art. on, quoted, Daughtery, Henry, 266 111-12 Davis, Clay, obit., 402 Cotton picker, art. on, noted, 306 Davis, F. T., 92 Coues, Elliott, 273 Davis, Herbert P., donor, 299 Coulter, V. C, donor, 301 Davis, James, 408 Coulter, William Selmon, 301 Davis, John, 189 Council Bluffs, la., Lewis and Clark Davis, Noel, 109 marker at, 276 Davis, Rex, 381 Courtney, Mrs. Charles S., verso of t.p. Davis, Walter Bickford, 15 Oct. issue Davis, Will, art. by, quoted, 111-12 Coutts, Cave J., 246 n. Dawson, Mrs. Lerton V., verso t.p. Jan. Coverdell, Mac E., 191 and July issues; membership drive of, Cox, Jesse, 168-69 inside back cover, Oct. issue, 140 Cox's Bottom, 168-69 "Day of Three Flags," 14-17 Coy, Roy E., 90, 307 Dean, Henry Clay, art. on, quoted, 408-09 Crabbs, Mrs. Franklin D., obit., 312 Dearing, H. C, verso t.p. Oct. issue Cravens, E. H., 383 Dearing, St. Clair, 37, 38 Crawford County, book on, 204 Decker, Clarence, 114 Creel, George, obit., 207 Declaration of Independence, drafted, Crissman, Cot, 265 120, 121 Crissman, Helen Jo, art. by, quoted, Decres, Denis, 129 113-14 Deines, E. Hubert, verso t.p. Oct. issue Crittenden, Robert, 398 Delassus, Charles Dehault, relinquishes Crockett, Robert H., 217 Upper Louisiana, 1804, 11-18 (illus.) Crooks, Ramsay, 173 Delzell, George, 384 Crosby, J. R., 346 De Maris, Walter, painting by, noted, Crowe, Harry, 251 283, 295-96, 324, 365, 369 (illus.), cover Crowe, William, 347 Apr. issue (illus.) Croy, Homer, quoted, verso t.p. Jan. Dempsey, Jack, 102 issue, 310; named "Chief Claremore," Denny, Jack H., 297 197 Denslow, Ray V., officer, 136; Free­ Crutcher, Florence J., donor, 301 masonry in the Western Hemisphere, 398 Cuba, given to Spain, 1763, 1 Dent, Bud, 396 Cull en, Charles Edward, obit., 104 Dent County, art. on archaeology of, Culmer, Frederic A., honored, 381 noted, 396 Cummings, Hubert, art. by, noted, 303-04 Dent County Baptist Assoc, history of, Cummings, John A., 88 noted, 390 Cummings, John J., 88 Dentistry, history of, 317-18 Curlee, Francis M., 304-05 Denver, Colo., Washington Park, 114 Curricular Changes in Public Secondary Denver Post, 318-19 Schools of Missouri, 1890-1950, thesis, Derr, Raymond William, thesis by, 86 86 Desloge, Mo., Presbyterian Church, 390 Index 421

De Soto, Mo., sesquicentennial, 90; art. E on, noted, 96 Eades, Riley, 92 "Destiny of Our Country" (song), do­ Eads, James B., 365; art. on, 277-79 nated, 389 (illus.); portrait of, noted, 282 Dewey, Charles E., letter from, quoted, Eads bridge, 277-79 (illus.) 320 Early Settlers of Douglas County, Missouri, Dickens, Charles, 88; American Notes, 114 by Bessie J. Selleck, 309-10 Dickey, Kenneth McM., A Man with "Early Tie Industry along the Niangua Clay Feet, 311 River," by Lela Cole, 264-72 Dickey, W. S., book on, 311 East, Jerry, art. by, noted, 307, quoted, "Die Helden der Revolution" (The He­ 321-22 roes of the Revolution), picture, noted, Easton, Mary. See Sibley, Mrs. Mary 300 (Easton) Diggs, Watson, obit., 104 Eaton, Irvin, donor, 300 ^ Dillon, Robert, 265 Eberstadt, Edward, & Sons, New York, 324 Dixon, Archibald, 224 Edison, Thomas, 280 Dockery, Alexander Monroe, 293 Edmondson, Richard, 169 Dodge, Henry, surrender of Miamis to, Edmondson's Bottom, 169-71 1814, 170 Education in Mo., theses on, 86 Dodge, Israel, 14 Edward, prince of Wales (Edward VII, Dodge, Thomas A., obit., 207 king of England), 155 (illus.) Dodge family, 88 Edward, prince of Wales (Edward VIII, Dodson, Charles, obit., 402 king of England), 280 Dog-Iron Club, 197 Edward VII, king of England, 155 (illus.) Domenico, — (Hungarian artist), 282 Edwards, B. F., 174 Doniphan, Alexander W., art. on, noted, Edwards, Frank, 387 98-99; in Mexican War, 163-65, 237, Edwards, John Cummins, 237 240 n., 242-43, 371; at Lexington pro- Edwards, Julius R., verso t.p. Apr. issue slavery convention, 335, 336 Edwards, Ohla E., art. by, noted, 304 Ege, E. Grant, home, 190 Donnelly, Joseph Peter, 298-99 Eichenlaub, Martin, donor, 300, 390 Donnelly, Phil M., 42 n., 293; proclaims Eisenhower, Dwight D., booklet on, 95; Carver Day, 84; approves Pershing at sesquicentennial of La. Pur., 117, statue bill, 91-92; letter from, quoted, 118, 125, 188 115; approves highway marker pro­ Eisenstein, Albert S., obit., 312 gram, 138; proclaimed "Middlebush Elam, Elen L., murals by, noted, 301-01 Appreciation Day," 388 Elections, 1855, Mar. 30 in Kan., 326-33, Doohan, John J., art. by, noted, 91 May 22 in Kan., 330 Dougherty, Robert, letter to, quoted, Elim, Mo., 24 n. „__. _. 412-13 Eliot, William Greenleaf, plaque, 195-96 Douglas, Stephen A., and Kansas-Ne­ Elliff, Joseph D., book on, 308-09 braska bill, 224-25, 232 Ellis, Elmer, 295 , . Douglas County, book on early settlers in, Ellis, J. Breckenridge, 302; essay contest, 309-10 302; honored, 388 Dover, England, letter from, noted, 306 Ellis, Jeff, 305 Ellis, Thomas, 92 ^nn Dover, Mo., art. on, noted, 306 Ellison, George Robb, officer, 136, 137 Down in the Holler, by Vance Randolph El Paso, Tex., art. on, noted, 98-99 and George P. Wilson, 204 Emigrant Aid Company of New York and Downing family, book on, noted, 389 Connecticut, 227 n OOD OQ1 Downs, Eldon, 392 Emigrant aid societies, 226-32, 328, 331, Doy, John, art. on, noted, 396 332, 337 Doyle, J. P., 390 Empress (steamboat), 327 Doyle, John R., 380 English, W. Francis, 192 Drake, Nathaniel M., quoted, 59, 66-67, English in U. S. See British m U.S. 69-70 Engman, Martin Feeney, obit., 2U» Draper, Lyman Copeland, centennial, Episcopal Church 198; manuscripts, 198 —Columbia, 134 no 1A7 Du Bois, Gaston F., obit., 207 —Lexington, Christ Church, 93, 19/ Duden, Gottfried, historical marker, 138 Ericksson, M., 360 „„., oco Dulany, Daniel M., art. on, quoted, Ericksson, Selma Ottilia. 360, 361, 362 406-07 Estes, Littleberry, 172 Dulany, George W., Jr., 406 Estes, Thomas, 175 ORft. Dulany, Mary T., 407 Eugene, Ore., became county seat, 3t>u, Dulany, William Henry, 406 Methodist Church, 350 Duncan, Leroy, 407 Evans, Clarence, 321-22 Duncan, Wyatt, 407 Evans, John, 172 Duniway, David C, 297 Evans, O. D., 381 Dunmore's War, 1774, 252-53 Ewing, Blair, verso t.p. Apr. issue Dunnegan, T. H. B., verso t.p. Jan. issue "Explorer and Missouri Governor, WHO Dunnington, Mrs. Edith F., 81 Was He?" 274-76 {illus.) ^ . Durant, John (co-auth.), Pictorial History "Extinct River Channels as a Method oi of American Sports, 102-03 Dating Archaeological Sites in Soutn- Durrie, Daniel Steele, 15 east Missouri," art. listed, 220 Duvall, Milton F., 199, 383 Duvall, Mrs. Milton F., 191 Dye, Russell V., 192, 383; art. by, noted, 202 "Factory" system, abolished, 83 Dyer, Mrs. F. L., verso t.p. Oct. issue Fairs, first state, centennial, 91 Dyer, John H., obit., 208 Fancher, O. G., 92 422 Missouri Historical Review

Fantz, Mrs. Nina (Long), 296, 297 Forster, Walter O., Zion on the Missis­ Farm clubs, first in Mo., 385 sippi, 101 Farmer, Asa, 265 Fort Osage Pageant Assoc, Inc., 83 Farmington, Mo., first Sunday School, Ft. Smith, Ark., on Butterfield Overland 318; Masonic Cemetery in, 318 * Mail route, 296 Farny, Henry F., picture by, noted, 102 Forts Farris, Mrs. Ella, art. on, noted, 394 —Bent's (Colo.), 243; on postal route Farrow, Tiera, verso t.p. July issue; to Santa Fe, 324 Lawyer in Petticoats, 400 —Boise (Idaho), 25, 34, 349 Fasel, George W., lithographs by, noted, —Boonesboro (Ky.), 253 283, outside back cover Apr. issue —Bridger (Wyo.), 344 (illus.), July issue (illus.) —Bryan's, or Bryant's (Ky.), 253, 254, Faubion, Mrs. Besse M., 393 outside back cover July issue (illus.) Fauth, E. S., Sr., donor, 90 —Buffalo, 259 Fay, George E., 387 —Calhoun (Neb.), 276 Fayetteville, Ark., on Butterfield Over­ —Cap-au-Gris, 259 n., 260-61 land Mail route, 296 —Clark's, 260 Feature articles, historical, 46-58, 154-65, —Cole's, 59, 67, 68, 69 273-81, 365-72 —Cooper, 64, 168, 169, 170 Felling, Raymond, verso t.p. Jan. issue —Cote sans Dessein, 111 Ferguson, Oliver J., obit., 105 —Cox's, 168-69 Ferries, Arrow Rock, 168; Kickapoo, —Dearborn (111.), massacre at, 1812, Kan., 339 391-92 Festus, Mo., Garden Club, 196 —Donelson (Tenn.), 277 Field, Eugene, arts, on, noted, 99-100; in —Hall (Idaho), 25, 33, 347 Denver, 114; in St. Joseph, 114-15 —Henry (Tenn.), 277 Fields, Robert C, obit., 208 —Howard's, 260, 308 "Fighting Connecticut Yankee Led Mis­ —Jones (Calif.), 246 sourians in Union Cause," 50-52 —Kearny (Neb.), 25, 26, 28, 30, 343 Finch, James A., obit., 105 —Laramie (Wyo.), 25, 28-30, 31, 344 Finck, Henry Conrad, 26, 147. Erratum —Le Bastian, 212 Fink —Lexington (Ky.), 253 Finck, Henry T., 26 n. —McCoy's, 260 Finley, Mrs. Helen (Deveneau), 181 —McMahan's, 169 Finly, Robert, 256 —Marcy (New Mexico), 240, (illus.), Fire company, early, 63 239 First Book of Negroes, by Langston —Meigs (Ohio), 19 Hughes, 205 —Orleans, 138, 175 Fischer, David, 145 —Osage, pageant at, 82-83, 89; restora­ Fisher, — (Sedalia rag dealer), 404 tion of, 134-36, 140; history of, 135- Fisher, G. B., 392; obit., 105 36, 172-74; marker at, 135 (illus.), Fisher, Mrs. Ruth, 392-93 138; proposed mural of, 387 Fish wick, Marshall W., art. by, listed, 116 —Pitt (Pa.), 256 Fitzgerald, Edward H., 247 —Pond's, 260, 261 Fitzpatrick, Daniel R., art. on, listed, 116; —Riddle (Ky.), 253 collection, 139 (illus. from), 282-83; As —Roy's, 111 I Saw It, A Review of Our Times, 203 —Stout's, 260 Flag, state, art. on, 215; designer of, —Thibault's, 111 302-03 —War of 1812, 259-60 (map) Flanigan, John H., 42 n. —White's, 260-61 Flanigan, John H., Jr., 42 n. —Wood's, 260, proposed mural of, 387 Flanigan, Laurence H., 42 n. —Yuma (Calif.), 247 Flat River, Mo., First Presbyterian —Zumwalt, 250-51 (illus.), 341 Church, 390 Foster, Mrs. John, 384 Flenneken, Robert P., 235 Four Circksin, Calif., 247 Flinn, John, 350-51 Fradenberg, Barron J., obit., 208 Flint, Timothy, quoted, 65-66 Floods, 1836, 321; 1844, 321; 1851, 321 Franciscus, Mrs. James M., obit., 208; Flora, Snowden D., Tornadoes of the art. by, listed, 323 United States, 205 Franco-Spanish Rivalry in North America Flora Jones (steamboat), art. on, noted, 1524-1763, by Henry Folmer, 397-98 397, quoted, 405 Franklin, Ann, thesis by, 86 Florence (steamboat), 155 Franklin, Benjamin, 3; one of drafters of Florida, Mo., historical marker, 138 Declaration of Independence, 121; Florida, East and West, 125, 126; given to quoted, 122; negotiating Treaty of England, 1763, 1, 2; retaken by Spain, Paris, 1783, 122 1783, 2 124 n.; returned to France, Franklin, John B., 265 1800, 124; purchase authorized by Franklin, Mo., 1796-1820, 59-64, 69; Li­ Congress, 6, 8; given to U. S., 1819, brary Company, 63; historical marker, 124 n. 138 Flowerree, William, 316 Franklin, Tenn., Civil War battle at, 391 Floyd, Charles, monument to, 276 Franklin Academy, chartered, 62 Folk, Joseph W., book on, 308 Franklin County, book on, 204 Folk Festival, Seventh Annual Ozark, 391 Franquelin, Jean Baptiste Louis, 379 Folk Festival, 20th National, 302 Frass, Mrs. Henry, 192 Folmer, Henry, Franco-Spanish Rivalry in Frederick, J. V., 365 North America 152^-1763, 397-98 Freeman, Bonham E., 191 Fonck, Rene, 109 Freemasonry in the Western Hemisphere, Ford, Henry, 280 by Ray V. Denslow, 398 Foreman, Grant, obit., 312; Indian Re­ French, William Aden, Odes by an Ozark- moval, 399 ian, 401 Index 423

French in Mo., 181; art. on, noted, 201 George Washington Carver. See Carver, French in U. S., and secret treaty with George Washington Spain (1762), 1; and Treaty of Paris German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of (1763), 1; intrigues, 1780-1800, 2, art. Missouri, Ohio, and other states, 101 on, noted, 96; and Treaty of San Ilde- "German Influence on Hermann Houses," fonso, 1800, 5, 6; transfer La. Terr, to art. listed, 413 U. S., 1803, 10, 1804, 10-17 (illus.); German refugees in U. S., book on, 206 land policy, 181 German Settlement Society of Phila­ Freneau, Philip, 410 delphia, 134, 381 Frenzeny, Paul, picture by, noted, 102 Germans in Mo., at Bethel, 23-25; at Friends of Society (secret society), 232 Washington, 48; art. on, listed, 220 "From Bethel, Missouri, to Aurora, Ore­ Geronimo (Indian chief), 366 gon Letters of William Keil, 1855- Gibson, — (trader, 1855), 30 1870," Part I, trans, by William G. Giesy, Andreas, 149; letter to, 151-53 Bek, 23-41, Part II, 141-53 Giesy, Christ, 141, 142, 143, 145 Fry, W. Wallace, obit., 208 Giesy, Henry, 143 Fuerbringer, Alfred C, officer, 136 Giesy, John, 142, 143, 150 Fuesler, Mrs. E. J., donor, 300 Giesy, Ruodi, 142 Fugitive Slave Law, 335, 337, 339 Gifford, Ward C, 89 Fuller, A., quoted, 60 Giles, Mrs. Wilma, 380 Fulton, Robert, 123, 132-33. Erratum Gill, McCune, 88, 301 Clinton, 123 Gill, Roy A., verso t.p. Jan. issue Fur trade, 181 Gilliam, Cornelius, 175 I Gillis House, Kansas City, 229 (illus.) G Gilpintown, Mo., 324 • Girsch, Frederick, 300 Gaddis, M. E., 382 Girty, Simon, 254-55, 256, outside back Gale, Linda, 198 cover July issue Galena, 111., lead discovered, 342; lead Gist, Mrs. Catherine (Wilhite), 241 n. deposits, 412 Gist, Emily. See Caples, Mrs. Emily Gallatin, Mo., historical marker, 138 (Gist) Gallop, C. Rouss, 83 Gist, George Washington, 238; letters to, Galloway, George, 231 241-48 Gammon, William J., arts, by, listed, Gist, Harriet Ann, 241, 248 116, 413 Gist, John Cockey, letter to, 238-41 Gange, John, 145 Gist, Mary Ellen, 241, 248 Gardner, Frederick Dozier, 293, 395 Gist, W. L., donor, 238 Gardner, Hamilton, art. by, listed, 116 Gist, William H. H., letters of, 237-48 Gardner, Paul, 44 Glanton, John, 247 n. Garrett, Laban, 169-70 Glasgow, Mo., hemp market, 52; laid out, Garrison, William Lloyd, 331 178; painting of, noted, 282; saloons in, Gary, Theodore, roadside park, 196 1890, 316 Gasconade County, book on, 204 Glasgow Weekly Times, quoted, 331 Gasconade River, tie bankings on, 267 Glass factory, first in Mississippi Valley, Gavin, Thomas J., 89 277 Geary, Fred, collection, 283 Glazebrook, Mrs. Harry, verso t.p. Oct. Geiger, Louis B., Joseph W. Folk of Mis­ issue souri, 308 Godoy, Manuel, 5, 7 General Assembly Godsey, Townsend, verso t.p. Apr. issue —1820, 215; representative from Pike Goetz, William L., obit., 312 County, 305 "Going to Mill Was a Holiday Outing," —1821, 114; appointed committee to 156-58 (illus.) locate capital, 111; chose capital site, Golden Rule Foundation, American 112; leased land to Muldrow, 212 Mothers' Committee, 386 —1847, memorial to Congress, 223 Golterman, Melge W., verso t.p. Jan. —1849, resolution for "squatter sov­ issue ereignty," 223; "Jackson Resolu­ Gooch, Benjamin, 172 Goodal, — (Presbyterian minister from tions," 223 Michigan on Oregon Trail), 347, 349 1854 225 Goodell, Mrs. Clark, 193 —1855' commissioned Bingham to Goodhue, Elbridge A., obit., 105 paint> capitol decorations, 44; char­ Goodhue, Mrs. E. A., donor, 88 tered Central College, 194 Gordon, Thorpe, 88 —1870, description of, 107 Gorman, William E., 99, 206 —1882, Senate, picture of, noted, 390 Gosset, P., art. by, listed, 324 —1951, authorized highway historical Gosset, R., art. by, listed, 324 marker program, 189, 378 Governors, first Mo. inaugurated, 215 —1953, approved and appropriated for Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose de, 189 Pershing statue, 91-92; passed cita­ Graebner, A. L., art. on, listed, 413 tion to Jesse Wrench, 92; noted La. Grand Round Valley, Idaho, 33, 35, 36, 40 Pur. sesquicentennial, 92; appro­ Grange, Harold (Red), 102 priated for historical markers, 138 Grant, Ulysses S., 319; family portrait, Genet, Edmond Charles, art. on, noted, 96 198; arts, on, listed, 220, 323 Gentry, William R., Jr., art. by, listed, Gratiot, Charles, 12, 16, 212 323 Gratiot, Charles, Jr., 15, 17 Gentry County Historical Society, or­ Graves, John, 177 ganized, 380, 383 Graves Chapel, history of, noted, 389 Geography of the Northern Ozark Border Greeley, Horace, 333, 409 Region of Missouri, by James E. Col­ Green, Duff, 174, 176 lier, 203-04 Green, George Fuller, 324 George III, king of England, 253 Green, Robert S., 83, 84, 192 424 Missouri Historical Review

Gregg, Josiah, quoted, 64 Hawkins, Mrs. L. D., donor, 390 Gregg, Kate L., 89, 181 Hawley, Frederick W., obit., 105 Gregg, William, 168-69 Hawthorne Roadside Park, dedicated, Griffen, Mrs. Walter, paintings by, noted, 378-79 282 Hays, Mrs. Alden, 83 Grim, George E., obit., 402 Hays, Mrs. Miriam, 192 Grimshaw, Allen Day, thesis by, 86 Hays, William, 408 Groce, — (widow, St. Charles County), Head, Walker W., obit., 402 342 Heald, Nathan, 391-92 Groce, Nancy. See Zumwalt, Mrs. Health, of soldiers in Mexican War, 241, Nancy (Groce) 245; in U. S. army, 248 Guerrillas, 96 Hearst, George, 110 Gunn, J. Henry, 297 Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe (Apperson), 110 Gustav Adolph, Crown Prince of Sweden Hearst, William Randolph, art. on, (Gustavus VI, king of Sweden), 280 quoted, 110 Guthrie, H. T., 195 Heartberg, Mrs. Elizabeth (Mason), 294 Guthrie, Mo., telephone line to, 1879, 215 Heath, Lewis Edward, obit., 208 Guzman, Mrs. Jesse P., 273 Hebron, Mo., 24 n.; Baptist Church, 199 Gwinn, Abner, 192 Hedges, Isaac A., obit., 312 Gwinn family, 170 Heininger, Ella I., 388 Gwinner, Mrs. Fred, art. by, listed, 116 Helena, Mont., Lewis and Clark and Gwinntown, Mo., 170 Sacajawea monuments in, 276 Hemp, 52-54 H Hemp bales, Battle of, 56-58 (illus.) Henderson, Mabel, art. by, noted, 97 Haar, James, verso t.p. Jan. issue Henderson, Paul C, Landmarks on the Hadley, Herbert S., 187 Oregon Trail, 102 Hahatonka, 114, 264 Henderson, Ky., Audubon Museum, 391 Hailstorms, 1847, 108; 1898, 108 Hair, Mrs. Mary Scott, 384 Hendricks, Robert J., art, by noted, 390 Hale, , quoted, 122 Hendrin, — (Palmyra), 323 Hall, Basil, 114 Henry, Dean T., verso t.p. Oct. issue Hall, Bill, 212 Henry County, part of Howard, 67; Hall, F. H., 92 museum of, proposed, 297 Hall, Mrs. M. T., 380 Henry County Historical Society, Hall, Riley E., verso t.p. July issue founded, 296-97, 298 Hall, Thomas B., art. by, noted, 303 Herculaneum, Mo., rope walk in, 53; Hall, Willard P., and Kansas-Nebraska lead industry, 162 bill, 223-24 (illus.); in Mexican War, Herget, John F., verso t.p. Apr. issue 240 n. Hermann, Mo., Brush and Palette Club, Haller, Granville Owen, 36-40 87; "Maifest" in, 87, 134, 135, 380-81; Halliburton, Westley, 390-91; picture of, history of, noted, 87; cook book of, noted, 390 noted, 87; Stone Hill cellars, 134; Halpin, Elizabeth, 378 "Historic Hermann, Inc." receives Hamilton, Henry W., 197 award, 380-81, gives life memberships, Hamlin, Herb, verso t.p. Oct. issue 381; book on, 381; art. on German in­ Hampden, Kan., organized, 230 fluence in, listed, 413 Hanks, Nancy. See Lincoln Mrs. Nancy Hermann (German hero), 381 (Hanks) Herndon, J. R., 112 Hannibal, Mo., early directories of, 87; Herndon, W. D., 112 Riverview Park, 115; telephone ex­ Hesse, Mrs. Clarence, 134, 135, 380 change, 1878, 215 Heurber. — (Capt., Sigel's battery), 411 Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, 366, Hewitt, W. C, officer, 136 391, art. on, quoted, 406 Hewlett, T. M., 92 Hanson, E. P., 191 Hibbard, Frederick C, 115 Harbin, Calvin Edward, thesis by, 86 Hickman, John, 178 Hardeman's Garden, 64 (illus.) Hickman, Thomas S., donor, 389 Harlan, J. C, 378 Hickok, James Butler (Wild Bill), 50, 320 Harmony Mission, 405; letters from, Hickory County, Swedes in, 353, 360-64 noted, 88; proposed mural of, 387 Hicks, Frederick Charles, 379; obit., 208 Harness, Mrs. Cecil, 191 Harney, William Selby, house, Sullivan, Hicks, John Edward, art. by, noted, 97 Mo., art. on, noted, 203 Higginbotham, Valle, arts, by, noted, 394 Harrell, Billy, 265 Highway Commission, State, roadside Harris, John Woods, portrait of, noted, parks, 95, 196; historical marker pro­ 282 gram, 135, 138, 189, 378, 379, 391 Harris, Overton, 215 Highway Department, State, history of, Harris, Thomas Banks, book on, noted, noted, 389 389 Highway historical markers. See Mark­ Harrison, Mrs. James, obit., 105 ers, highway historical Harrison, Michael, verso, t.p. Jan. issue Highway 40. See U. S. Highway 40 Harrison, William, 19 Highway 71 By-pass, 189 Harrison, Mrs. William, donor, 87 Highway 24. See U. S. Highway 24 Hart, Stone J., 307 Hildebrand, Sam, arts, on, noted, 200 Hartman, Mrs. F. V., 193 Hillburn, Mrs. May Stafford, 388 Harvey, R. S., 265 Hillex, A. J., 193 Harvey, W. Dexter, 83 Hills, Stephen, art. on, noted, 303-04 Hassett, W. D., art. by, listed, 324 Hindman, Albert H., art. by, noted, 98 Hastings, Martin F., S. J., art. by, noted, Hirth, William, 385 91 Historical Assoc of Greater St. Louis, Hatcher, Harlan, 93 298-99 Index 425

Historical Atlas of the United States, by " 'Human Spiders' Spun Hemp into Clifford L. Lord and Elizabeth H. Rope," 52-54 (illus.) Lord, 398-99 Hunt, Fred L., 189 Historical New Madrid County; Mother of Hunt, Wilson Price, 173 Southeast Missouri, organized by Hunter, Samuel L., 391 Hunter Miller, 204 Hunter, Mrs. Samuel L., verso t.p. Jan. Historical Notes and Comments, 71-106, issue, 391 181-210, 282-315, 373-403 Hunter, Stephen B., officer, 136 Historical societies, activities of, 88-90, Hunt's settlement, 171 192-94, 297-99, 382-84; organized, 139, Hutchinson, Mrs. J. M., obit., 313 296-97 Hutchison, John, 176 Hobart and Lee Tie Company, 271-72 Hyde, — (pioneer, Lafayette Co.), 172 Hobbs, Mrs. John W., 192, 196 Hyde, Arthur M., 195 Hobday, Robert C, 85 Hyde, Ben, 195 Hockensmith, N. J., 214. Erratum Hyde, Ira B., Sr., 195 Hockinsmith Hyde, Ira B., Jr., 195 Hodges, Leigh Mitchell, verso t.p. Oct. Hyde, William, 16 issue Hyde family, monument, 195 Hoeltje, Hubert H., art. by, listed, 413 Hoenny, Adolph M., verso t.p. Oct. issue Hohenwald, Tenn., Meriwether Lewis National Mounment at, 391 Idaho, Lewis and Clark monument in, Holder, Preston, 298 275, 276 Holladay, Mrs. Ann (Calvert), 371 Iliff, Pauline, 115 Holladay, Ben, art. on, 370-72 (illus.) Iliff, Mr. and Mrs. W. H., 115 Holland, Mrs. Julia Rumsey, obit., 312 Imhoff, Myrtle, thesis by, 86 Holland, Rap P., 322 Holliday, Benjamin, 60 Immigration, to Ohio Valley, 1775-1800, Hollister, Ed. B., 177 1; 1855, to Washington Territory, 23- Holloway, John N., quoted, 227-28, 235 41, 141-48; to Mo., 1796-1820, 59-70, Holman, William, 178 166-80, 256; to Kansas, 226-36, 326- Holmes, Harry M., obit., 312 32, (illus.), front cover, July issue; early, Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 322 to Ky., 249-50, 253; to Oregon, 1846, Holmes, Paul, 384 343-51; to Dallas County, Mo., 352-64 Holmes, Urban T., quoted, 172 n. (illus.) Holt, Ivan Lee, 194, 195 Independence, Mo., Junior Chamber of Homan, Mr. and Mrs. Jesse, quoted, Commerce, 83; Senior Chamber of 69-70 Commerce, 83; letters from, 1822-1836, Homesley, Beauford, verso t.p. Apr. issue noted, 88; art. on, noted, 97; beginning Hooker, F., 265 of Oregon Trail, 98; historical marker, Hooker & Watson, tie contractors, Linn 138; cholera in, 214; first overland mail Creek, 265 from, 295, 324, (illus.) cover Apr. issue; Hoover, Herbert, 195 Jackson County courthouse, 295-96 Hopkins, Charley, 265 (illus.), 324 (illus.) cover Apr. issue; Hopper, Joseph H., 92 centennial, 324; celebration, 1855, 330; Horine, Maude, 365 brass band, 1855, 330 Horse racing, 63 Independence (steamboat), 61 (illus.) Hoskins, Arthur C, verso t.p. Jan. issue Independence Examiner, inside back Hosmer, John, 193, 384 cover Apr. issue Hosmer, Mrs. John, 193 Houck, Louis, 14; quoted, 16, 177 Independence Rock (Wyo.), picture of Houston, B. F. S., 92 noted, 102, 344 (illus.) Houston, Thomas F., arts, by, noted, 203 Indian Removal, by Grant Foreman, 399 Houstonville, Mo., 70 Indians, 181; on western plains, 24, 26, Houx, Nicholas, 172 27, 29, 30-36, 348-49; brides of white Houx Settlement, 172 trappers, art. on, noted, 97-98, 382, Howard, Benjamin, portrait of, noted, 282 396; hostilities, 1774, 252-53; in Revo­ Howard, Ernest E., obit., 208-09 lution, 253-55, back cover, July issue Howard, Evalyn, art. by, listed, 414 (illus.); in War of 1812, 250, 251, Howard, H. L., 405-06 259-61 Howard, Mrs. Oliver, verso t.p. Apr. — Aricara, 276 issue; arts, by, noted, 200, 305, 387, — Cayuga, 35, 39-40 394-95, quoted, 212-13; award given to, — Cherokee, 110, 158-61 (illus.); jour­ 386-87; art. on, listed, 414 nals on,301 Howard County, first seat of justice, 59 — Flathead, call for religious leaders. Howdeshell, Leo, 191 350 n.-351 n. Howes Great London Circus, 212 — Fox, 111, 166, 212 Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie (Ream), portrait of, — Kickapoo, 258 noted, 282 — Miami, 170 Hoy, Charles T., 89 — Missouri, 219-20, 276 Hubble, Edwin P., obit., 209 — Navaho, treaty with, 242 n. Huckleberry Finn, statue of, 115; mural, — Osage, 82, 111, 173 302 — Oto, 276 Hudson Bay Company, 349 — Sac, 111, 166, 212, 258 Hughes, Freeman, 107 — Seneca, 244 n. Hughes, James Langston, verso t.p. Apr. — Shawnee, 170, 252-53, 255, outside issue; art on, noted, 96; The First Book back cover, Apr. issue (illus.) of Negroes, 205 — Sioux, 31-32, 258 Hughes, John T., 154 — Snake, 34 Hughes, Tom, 396 — Winnebago, 258 Hughes, William A., 107 — Yuma, 246-47 426 Missouri Historical Review

Indians of the Western Frontier, by George Jennings, Mrs. Wanda, chosen "Mrs. I. Quimby, 401 America of 1955," 387 Iowa, part of La. Pur., 20; Lewis and Jennings, Mo., arts, on history of, noted, Clark monument in, 275, 276 301 Iowa State College, 279 Jennison, Charles R., 107 Irish in the West, art. on, noted, 88 Jewell, William, art. on, listed, 220; in­ Iron County, pictures of granite boulders scription by, 319 in, noted, 394 Joachim Creek, arts, on, noted, 96, 305, "Iron-clad Oath," 88 394 Ironton, Mo., historical marker, 138 Jobson, Arthur, arts, by, noted, 202, 307 Island City Christian Church, 91 Jobson, C. A., 202; obit., 402 Island No. 10, Civil War battle at, 277 Joffee, Jerome, obit., 209 John, Hurst, 84 Johnson, Andrew, National Monument, Jacks, R. K., 294 Tenn., 198 Jackson, Andrew, 110 Johnson, Anna, 362-63 Jackson, Claiborne Fox, 110; at Battle Johnson, Emma, 362-63 of Carthage, 95; and Kansas, 1855, 327 Johnson, Franklin Plotinus, 81 Jackson, Floyd, 379 Johnson, Fred, 265, 272 Jackson, George, 176 Johnson, George Everett, obit., 105 Jackson, Hancock L., 238, 245 Johnson, Mrs. J. E., 380 Jackson, James, quoted, 128, 129 Johnson, Jesse, art. on, noted, 200 Jackson family, at Lexington proslavery Johnson, John, 166 convention, 335 Johnson, Mrs. Oscar, obit., 313 Jackson, Mo., telephone line, 1877, 215 Johnson, Ralph Proclus, 81; officer, 136 Jackson County, part of Howard, 67, Johnson, Sabret, 176 Chamber of Commerce, 83; court house Johnson, Thomas M., 81 295-96 (illus.), 324, (illus.) cover Apr. Johnson, Waldo Plato, 81, 137 issue Johnson, Waldo Porter, 81 Jackson County Court, and restoration of Johnson County, part of Howard, 67; Ft. Osage, 136 spelling match, 211 "Jackson Resolutions," passed, 223 Johnson (W. Scott) Memorial Award, 386 James, Edwin, quoted, 61-62, 65, 69, 167, Johnston, J. W., 215 168, 172, 173-74, 177 Johnston, Jacob S., 215 James, Eugenia Learned (co-ed.), "Three Johnston, John T. M., 215 Generations in the Span of a Continent Joliet, Louis, 219 The Zumwalt Family," 249-63, 341-51 Jones, Caleb Clayton, obit., 105 James, Frank, 406; trial of, art. on, noted, Jones (G. I.) & Co., St. Louis, 273 98 Jones, Lawrence D., obit., 313 James, Jesse, 406; book on, 310 Jones, Mrs. Sarah Jane, 214 James, John Hough, book on, 103 Jones, Shelton, 214 James family, pictures of, noted, 310 Jones, W. R., 179 James gang, art. on, noted, 97 Jones, William, 167 Janes, Elizabeth, 154; picture by, 160 Joplin, Mo., historical marker, 138 Jaspar, F. H., verso t.p. Apr. issue Joseph W. Folk of Missouri, by Louis B. Jasper County Historical Society, 89, Geiger, 308 298, 395 Joyce, Thomas, 178 Jay, John, 3, 121, 122; governor of New Julian, B. Frank, 384 York, 122 Jayhawk, origin of term, 107 Jeff Town. .See Center, Mo. Jefferson, Thomas, and free navigation KOMU-TV, University of Missouri sta­ of the Mississippi, 3-6; statute of, 3 tion, 295 (illus.); and exploration of the West, 4, KTTR, radio station, Rolla, 301 274, 304; as President, 5; and La. Pur., Kahoka, Mo., art. on Sever Memorial 6-7, 9, 119, 124-32, 304; portrait of, Library listed, 413 43-45 (illus.), noted, 282; conference Kalb, Johann, Baron de, picture of, with Indians, 1804, 82; one of drafters noted, 300 of Declaration of Independence, 121; Kallus, Joseph L., 365, 369 quoted, 122; appointed Lewis Gov. of Kane, Charles E., obit., 402 La. Terr., 275 Kane, Harnett T., art. by, noted, 203 Jefferson, Mo., 170 Kansas, part of, in La. Pur., 20; origin of Jefferson Barracks, 116 "Jayhawk," 107; border troubles, Jefferson City, Mo., Lewis and Clark, 1854-1855, 221-36, 325-40; Lewis and plaque, 93, 276, statues, 276; descrip­ Clark monument in, 275, 276 tion of, 1870, 107; historical marker, Kansas Academy of Science, 387 138; established, '167; became capital Kansas City, Mo. of Mo., 215; Rotary Club, art. on, — arts, on, noted, 97, listed, 324 noted, 395; visit of Alexis, grand duke — Benedictine Sisters convent, 91 of Russia, 1872, 411-12 — Chouteau bridge, 201 Jefferson County, place names, art. on, — Forty Years Ago Column Club, 98 listed, 220; scrapbook on, noted, 389; — Gillis House. See Gillis House arts, on creeks in, noted, 96, 305, 394 — historical marker, 138 Jefferson Day, 215 — Loose Memorial Park, monuments Jeffries, John, 265 in, 98, 196, 301 Jeffries, W. C, 265 — Municipal Improvement Assoc, 97 Jenkins, Delia Cash, Swamp Angel, 401 — Park Board, 98 Jenkins, Nimrod, 171 — Philharmonic Orchestra, 193 Jennings, Dan, art. on, noted, 99 — pictures of, noted, 300-01 Jennings, James, 301 — Siegrist Engraving Co., 329; donor, Jennings, Ralph, 384 300-01 Index 427

— Starlight Theatre, picture of, noted, Kirkwood Seminary, art. on, listed, 220 300 Klein, Mrs. Ada (Paris), 181 — streets, arts, on, noted, 306 Knight, Harry, 109 — telephone exchange, first, 215 Knight, John R., 92 — University of. See University of Knoch, Mrs. H. J., art. by, noted, 96 Kansas City Knopp, Rudolph, 389 "Kansas City and St. Louis," art. on, Knott, Sarah Gertrude, 302 listed, 413 Knott, Will J., 411 Kansas City Journal, 311 Knowles, Lehr M., 90 Kansas City, North, Mo. See North Knox, William A., 387 Kansas City Koblitz, Oscar, verso t.p. Oct. issue Kansas City Star, 311 Kohl, Edith Eudora, art. by, quoted, Kansas Code, 1855, 332, 338-40 318-19 Kansas Natural Gas Company, 114 Korean conflict, Mo. soldiers in, honored, Kansas Territory, 1854-1855, 221-36, 94, casualties, 94 325-40; nativity of population, 1860, Koziuszko, Tadeusz Andrzej, picture of, 325-26; first legislature of, 326-32, 338- noted, 300 40; election of March 30, 1855, 326-33; Kuemmel, Cornelia A., 282 election of May 22, 1855, 330; popula­ Kuhn, Mr. and Mrs. G. A., 115 tion, 1855, 328 Kuhn, Ruth L., 115 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854, 222-25, 226, 230, 232, 337, 339 Kaufman, Ken., art. by, quoted, 217-18 Kearny, Stephen Watts, 371; Army of Labadie, Mo., letters from 1822-1836, the West, 237; takes Santa Fe, 1846, noted, 88 240 n.; selects site for fort, 343 n. Labaj, Joseph John, thesis by, 86 Keasler, John, art. by, noted, 100 Labusciere, Mrs. Judie (Poussette), Keeley, Mary Paxton, arts, by, noted, quoted, 16 97, 388 Laclede, Mo., home of John J. Pershing, Keil, August, 35 366 (illus.) Keil, Aurora, 33 Laclede County, tie industry in, 264-72; Keil, Eli, 35 forest area in, 1950, 265 n. Keil, Fritz, 35 Laclede County Boys Camp, 267 Keil, William, letters of, 23-41 (illus.), Lafayette, Marie Joseph, marquis de, 141-53 (illus.); grave of, 153 (illus.); visit to St. Louis, 88, 172; picture of, estate, 153, 297, 389-90; art. on, noted, noted, 300 390 Lafayette County, hemp in, 1860, 54; part of Howard, 67; organized, 70; Keil, Willie, funeral procession, 23-25, 28 1796-1820, 171-74; executions in, 202 (illus.) cover Oct. issue, 141; burial, Lafferty, William H., obit., 313 146, 153 La Force, Mrs. Alice (Furtney), 181 Keithly, Mrs. Lois, arts. comp. by, 305 Laggit, Wash, 266 Keithly, Mrs. Mabel, art. by, noted, 305 Lamb, — (ed., Palmyra), 323 Keller, R. J., verso t.p. Oct. issue Lamoreaux, Jeanne, art. by, listed, 413 Kelly, Emmett, arts, on, noted, 99, 211-12 Land, described, 176; in Dallas County, Kemner, Mrs. Frances, 95 described, 358 Kemp, William E., 196 Landmarks on the Oregon Trail, by Paul Kempton, Greta, 283 C. Henderson, 102 Kendrick, William B., house, art. on, Lane County Pioneer Museum, Eugene, noted, 200 Ore., 251 Kennon, Robert F., 197 Langdon, Mrs. Fred, art. by, noted, 397, Kenny, Laurence J., art. on, noted, 91; quoted, 405 trustee, 91 Langham, Angus Lewis, 111-12 Kenrick, Peter Richard, 88 La Plata, Mo., history of, noted, 389 Kenton, Simon, 256 Lard, Moses E., 194 Kentuckians in Mo., 63, 166, 172, 174 Larkin, Lew, art. by, noted, 98 Kentucky, early days in, 253-56; immi­ Larson, Sidney, mural by, 190-91 (illus.) gration from, to Kan., 1855, 327 La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de, 379 Kentucky Kansas Association, 327 Latham, O'Neill. See O'Neill, Rose Kenyon (T.) Memorial Plaque, 386, 404 Laughlin, Earl H., obit., 313 Kerrigan, James B., 94 Laussat, Clement, 9-10, 11, 12 Kerstetter, William, 84 La Vallee, Juan, 14 Kessler, George, 97 La Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varen- Keve, Oliver M., obit., 209 nes, National Monument, N. Dak., 198 Kewpie dolls, 368-69 (illus.) Lavoo, E. Margery, verso t.p. Jan. issue Kickapoo, Kan., organized, 230 Lawrence, Amos A., 226 Kieselbach, Mrs. E. F., 193 Lawrence, John R., 90 "Kimmswick Bone Bed," art. listed, 323 Lawrence, Kan., sack of, 1856, 221, art. Kind, Ezra, 198 on, listed, 220, 1863, 221; founded, 229, Kinder, Mrs. Katherine B., 199 230; Preemption House, 327 (illus.) King, Austin A., 335 Lawrence (Kan.) Kansas Free State, King, Bart, arts, by, noted, 201, 306-07 quoted, 328 King, G. T., 412 Lawson, Martin E., Recollections of the King, Rufus, 124 Members of the Clay County Bar, 1890- King's College. See Columbia University 19^0, 104 Kingsley, Lilburn A., 297 Lawyer in Petticoats, by Tiera Farrow, 400 Kingsville, Mo., raid at, 1865, 407 Lay, Josephine Chitwood, 89 Kirkpatrick, A. A., 243 Lead and lead mining, 181; art. on, 162- Kirksville, Mo., Osteopathic Hospital, 63, 412-13 thesis on, 85; historical marker, 138 Leavenworth, Kan., organized, 230; pro- Kirksville Daily Express, donation of slavery convention in 1854, 235; platted microfilm of, 137 and settled, 1854, 241 n., 244 n. 428 Missouri Historical Review

Leavenworth (Kan.) Kansas Herald, Lincoln, Thomas, 306 quoted, 327-28, 330 Lincoln County, art. on War of 1812 in, Leclerc, Charles-Victor-Emmanuel, 126; noted, 308 death of, 129 Lind, Jenny, 88 Lecompte, Samuel D., art. on, listed, 220 Lindbergh, Charles A., art. on, quoted, Lecompton, Kan., organized, 230; estab­ 109; The Spirit of St. Louis, 310 lished as capital, 1855, 339 Lindhorst, William, obit., 402 Ledyard, John, 4 Lindquist, Emory, art. by, noted, 353 Lee, Daniel, 351 n. Link, George, 28, 29, 147 Lee, Jason, 351 n. Linn, Lewis F., portrait of, noted, 282 Lee, Robert E., art. on, noted, 203 Linn, Paul H., 381 Leeman, Wayne, art. by, noted, 203 Linn County, Swedes in, 353 Legislature, State. See General Assembly Little, Norman M., thesis by, 85 Le Mercier, Francois Joseph, 219. Er­ Little Bonne Femme Baptist Church, 179 ratum La Mercier Little Dixie, 99; art. on, noted, 393, listed, Lemmer, George F., 392; Norman J. Col­ 414 man and Colman's Rural World, 101 Little Flock Church of Primitive Baptists, Lempke, W. J., 298 St. Joseph, 194 Leon, Ponce de, 164 Livingston, Robert, Sr., 121; manor of, Leonard, Abiel, arts, on, noted, 381; 121 manuscripts, noted, 381 Livingston, Robert R., 6-9 (illus.); art. "Letters of William H. H. Gist, A Volun­ on, 117-33 (illus.), noted, 134 teer from Weston, Missouri, in the Livingston, Tom, art. on, noted, 96 War with Mexico," ed. by Vivian K. Lloyd, Robert E., verso t.p. Apr. issue McLarty, 237-48 Loeb, Isidor, inside back cover, Jan. Levens, B. W., 70 issue; given degree, 81-82; maps by, Levens, Henry C, quoted, 59, 66-67, noted, 379; dean of B and PA School 69-70 and acting president, University of Lewis, Andrew, 252 Mo., 385; president of American Politi­ Lewis, Charles, 252 cal Science Assoc, 385 Lewis, Meriwether, 4, 12, 97, 365; art. on, Logan, John B., 177 274-76 (illus.); monuments to, 275-76, London, England, House of Baring, 131 391; state park, 276; bridge, 276; Long Branch Christian Church, 95 plaques, 276; statue of, 276; National Long family, genealogy of, noted, 297 Monument, 198, 276, 391 Longfellow, James Wadsworth, quoted, Lewis and Clark Expedition, 4, 97, 132, 52 181, 215, 274-76 (illus.), 304; monu­ Long's Expedition, 167, 168 ments to, 275-76; plaques, 93, 276; map Lord, Clifford L. (co-auth.), Historical of route, noted, 379 Atlas of the United States, 398-99 Lewis and Clark Fair Corporation, Ore., Lord, Elizabeth H. (co-auth.), Historical 276 Atlas of the United States, 398-99 Lewis and Clark State Park, 276 Lord Renfrow, (pseud.). See Edward VII Lewis (Meriwether) National Monu­ Lorimier, Louis, 18 ment, 198, 276, 391 Louisiana, Mo., historical marker, 138 Lexington, Mo., hemp market; 52; Gar­ Louisiana, District of, map of, noted, 379 den Club tour, 93, 197; courthouse, 93, Louisiana, part of, in La. Pur., 20 197; Christ Episcopal Church, 93, 197; Louisiana, State Historical Society of, historical marker, 138; execution in, 11 n. 1834, 202; proslavery state convention in, 335-37; origin of name, 410 Louisiana Purchase, 96, 181, 274, 379; Lexington, Mo. (former town in Boone arts, on, listed, 116, 323, noted, 134; County), 410 arts, on, 1-22, 117-33; sesquicentennial, Lexington, as a place name, art. on, 410 92, celebration, New Orleans. 117-18, Lexington, Battle of, 46, 56-58 (illus.); 188-89, St. Joseph, 193, St. Louis, 392 painting of, noted, 282 "Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and the "Lexington Captured in the 'Battle of Transfer of Upper Louisiana to the the Hemp Bales,' " 56-58 (illus.) United States, 1804, The," by Floyd C. Liberal, Mo., art. on history of, noted, 396 Shoemaker, 1-22 (illus.) Liberty, Mo., hemp market, 52; historical Louisiana Purchase 150th Anniversary marker, 138; First Christian Church, Association, 197 194; proslavery meeting in, 1854, 231; Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial art. on bank robbery in, noted, 306-07 Commission, 189 Liberty Advance, art. on, noted, 393 Louisiana Territory, 1762-1804, art. on, Liberty Democratic Platform, proslavery, 1-20; bibliog. on, 20-22; second gover­ 233 nor of, 275 Liberty Tribune, quoted, 1855, 332, 336; art. on, noted, 393 Louisiana, Upper, transfer to U. S., 10-17, Library of Congress. See U. S. Library (illus.), 118, 132, 188; evacuation of by of Congress Spanish, 17-18; first gov. of, 18-19 Lientz, William, 166. Erratum Lintz Louisville-on-Missouri, 178 Life and Educational Contributions of Louthan, Ethelyn. See Barrett, Mrs. Joseph D. Elliff, by Lester L. Tracy, Ethelyn (Louthan) Jr., 308-09 L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 5, 119, 126 Liggens, George W., 92 Louvre, Paris, France, 189 Lillard, William, 171 Lillard County. See Lafayette County Lowry, J. J., 335 Limbaugh, Rush H., verso t.p. Apr. issue; Lozier, Lue, 388 officer, 136 Lucas, Charles, 68 Lincoln, Abraham, 112-13, 262 n., 263, Lucas, John B. C, arts, on, listed, 116, 277, 306; family portrait, 198 220, 324, noted, 304 Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy (Hanks), 306 Lucas, Mrs. Okla H., verso t.p. Jan. issue Index 429

Lutheran Church Mail service. See Postal service —German Evangelical Lutheran Synod Maisel, Albert Q., art. by, listed, 414 of Missouri, Ohio, and other states, Malany, — (pioneer on Oregon Trail), 101 348 Lutherans in Mo., book on, 101; art. on, Malin, James C, art. by, listed, 220, listed, 116 quoted, 340 Lutkewitte, Lawrence, arts, by, noted, Mamri, Mo., 24 n. 395 Man With Clay Feet, by Kenneth McM. Lyon, Nathaniel, at Wilson's Creek, 46, Dickey, 311 Maness, Mrs. Anne (Bittick). See 50-52 (illus.), 399 Woods, Mrs. Anne (Bittick) Manhattan, Kan., organized, 230 M Mann, Clair V., radio broadcasts of, 301 Mann, Mrs. Clair V., radio broadcasts of, Mabey, Claude R., art. by, listed, 324 301 McAllister, Alexander, 179 Mann, Edgar P., obit., 313 McAllister, Frank W., 321-22 Mansur, Isaiah, Sr., home, art. on, noted, McAmis, Mrs. Guy, 90 96 McCabe, — (pioneer on Oregon Trail), Mansur, Isaiah, Jr., home, art. on, noted, 343, 346-47 96 McCabe, Mrs. Elizabeth (Zumwalt), 259, Maple, J. C, booklet by, 198 342, 343 Marchbank, John, art. on, noted, 396 McCabe, James, 343, 344, 345 Marest, Gabriel, 219; art. on, listed, 413 McCauley, Joseph T., 386, 404 Maries County, book on, 204 Marion, Mo., platted, 166-67 McClintock, Henry, art. by, noted, 202 Marion City, Mo., 212; art. on, 320-21 McConnell, William, 253-54, 256, 259, 262 "Mark Twain and Dwight D. Eisen­ McCord, May Kennedy, 193-94 hower," by Cyril Clemens, 95 McCrae, Mrs. Edward. See Woods, Mrs. Mark Twain for Young People, by Cyril Charles L. Clemens, 311 McCreary, Boyd, 317 Mark Twain Municipal Board, 87 McCrocy, John, 265 Mark Twain papers, 197 McCulloch, Benjamin, 50 Markers, highway historical, 135 (illus.), McCullough, Joseph B., 88 138, 378-79, 391 McDermott, John Francis, 302; art. by. Markham, James Walter, thesis by, 86 listed, 413 Marlin, Thomas, 171 McFarland, Arthur Sidney, obit., 209 Marmaduke, John S., art. on, 217-18 McGary, Hugh, 254 Marmaduke family, at Lexington pro- McGinness, Harold, 296 slavery convention, 335 McGuire, John J., 193 Marquette, Jacques, 219 Mcllroy, Thomas W., 191 Marshfield, Mo., origin of name, 384 Mclntyre, Warren O., 83, 192 Martin, Isaac, 175 McKay, Douglas, 84 Martin, Tyre, 194 McKee, Logan D., obit., 209 Maryville Daily Forum, 137 McKee, William, 88 Masnor, Lucile, art. by, noted, 396 McKellop, Jerome B., obit., 313 Mason, Mrs. Amelia, 192 McKendree, William, 258 Mason, Elizabeth. See Heartberg, Mrs. McKendree Chapel, 195 Elizabeth (Mason) McKenzie, Daniel, 166 Mason, Harry P., obit., 293-94 McKenzie, William, 166 Mason, Herbert, 294 McKinney, Curtis S., obit., 105 Mason, Joseph, 294 McKinney, Robert H., 317-18 Mason, Susan. See Robuck, Mrs. Susan McKnight, Mrs. Anna, obit., 105 (Mason) McLain's Chapel Methodist Church, 91 Mason, Mrs. Susie (Richards), 294 McLarty, Vivian K. (ed.), "From Bethel, Mason, William, 294 Missouri, to Aurora, Oregon," 23-41, Masons, book on, 398 141-53; (ed.), "Letters of William H. H. Massachusetts, State Historical Society, Gist . . .," 237-48; (co-ed.), "Three of, 11 n. Generations in the Span of a Conti­ Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society. nent . . .," 249-63, 341-51 See New England Emigrant Aid So­ McLaughlin, Ira B., donor, 43-44; obit., ciety 313 Massey, W. B., donor, 195 MacLennan, Duncan C, obit., 402 Massie, J., art. on, quoted, 112-13 Maclot, J. N., 162 Mathews, E. W., 265 McMahan, William (?), 262 Mathias, Bob, 103 McMinn, W. A., 96 Maxwell, A. L., donor, 303 McNair, Alexander, 87, 393 Mayfield, Robert, 194 McNair, Mrs. Alexander, 393 Meador, L. E., officer, 136 Macon, Mo., Business and Professional Meeker, Mrs. Louis F., 365, 368 Women's Club, 95; art. on tornado of Memphis, Tenn., on Butterfield Overland 1883, noted, 307 Mail route, 296 Macon County, Welsh in, art. on, noted, Menkee, Grace, art. by, noted, 307 304; historical material on, 388-89 Meramec Iron Works, 190 McQueeny, Jim, verso t.p. July issue Meriwether, Charles, 191 McRae, Marcus D., 200 Methodist Church McReynolds, Allen, 378; officer, 42 (il­ —Boonville, 1817, 69 lus.); anniv. banquet of, 42-45; speaker, —camp meeting, 262, first in Mo., 117 n., 134, 137; donor, 390-91 258 n. McReynolds, Mrs. Allen, 378 —Central College, 194 Madison, James, 119, 126, 127, 130 —Chariton, 1820, 177 Mahan, George A., 42, 115, 407 —Eugene, Ore., 350 430 Missouri Historical Review

—first sacrament in Mo., 250 Missouri Archaeological Society, 196-97, —McKendree Chapel, 195 391 —McLain's Chapel, 91 Missouri Bar Association, 188 —Missouri Circuit, 1807, 258 n. Missouri Compromise (1820), 215; repeal —Oregon Mission, 350 n.—351 n. of, 223-26, 228, 230; book on, 309 —St. Charles County, early, 261-62 Missouri Compromise (1821), book on, —Saline County circuit, 1820, 171 309 Mexican War, 51, 371; arts, on, 163-65 Missouri Controversy, 1819-1821, The, by (illus.), 237-48 (illus.), noted, 98-99; Glover Moore, 309 soldier pay in, 244, 245 Missouri Council for Social Improvement, Mexico, Mo., Public Library art collec­ 380 tion, 99 Missouri Crime Survey, 187 Mexico Evening Ledger, thesis on, 86; Missouri Day, noted, 201, 215 Audrain County Fair edition of, 99; Missouri Farmers Assoc, thesis on, 86; award of merit, 195 anniv., 385 Meyer, August R., 97 Missouri Good Roads, noted, 199, 303 Miami Bottom, 170 Missouri Good Roads Assoc, journal of, Michael Baehert, et al. v. Philip Miller, noted, 199, 303 Missouri Historical Data in Magazines, et al, 297, 389-90 115-16, 220, 323-24, 413-14 Michaux, Andre, 4 Missouri Historical Review, comments on, Michel, Stella, 95, 304 verso t.p. each issue; forwarding of, 81; Middlebush, Frederick A., 385; honorary new type print in, 93; new format of, degree, 93; resigned, 294-95; honored, 137; index to vols. 26-45 mentioned, 387-88; "Appreciation Day," 388 137; art. in, noted, 304 Middlebush, Mrs. Frederick A., honored, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, 387-88 11 n. Middleton, J. H., 191 Missouri History Not Found in Text­ Midway Place, Clinton County, 96 books, 107-16, 211-20, 316-24, 404-13 Migration, from Mo., 1940-1950, thesis Missouri Intelligencer and Boon's Lick on, 86 Advertiser, founded, 60 Milan Farmer, established, 390 Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad, Militia, Mexican War 267 n. —1st Reg. of Mo. Mounted Vol., 98-99, Missouri Lumber and Mining Company, 154, 163-65 (illus.), 237 396 —2nd Reg. Mo. Mounted Volunteers, "Missouri Mother of 1954," 386 238 Missouri National Guard, 110th Obser­ Militia, War of 1812 vation Squadron, 310 —Third Reg. Company of St. Charles, Missouri Pacific Railroad, 264, 265, 296, First Battalion, 5th Co., 259 n. 407 Miller, Alfred J., picture by, noted, 98 Missouri Press Assoc, 42, 71, 294, inside Miller, Barney, verso t.p. July issue back cover Apr. issue; a founder and Miller, Clell, 97 first president of, 187; president, 1929, Miller, Mrs. Dan E., 297 293 Miller, Hunter, donor, 198; (organizer), Missouri Reader, The, "Americans in the Historical New Madrid County: Mother Valley," ed. by Ruby Matson Robins, of Southeast Missouri, 204 59-70, 166-80; comments on, 181 Miller, J. C, 317 Missouri River Valley, tour of, noted, 100 Miller, Mrs. J. C, 317 Missouri State Health Assoc, 386 Miller, James, 398 Missouri statutes, basis for first New Miller, Nyle H., verso t.p. July issue Mexico code, 240 n., for laws of Kan. Miller, Samuel, letters from, 148-50, Terr., 339 151-53 Missouri Territory, map of, noted, 379 Miller County, part of Howard, 67; book Missouri Writers' Guild, Joplin chapter, on, 204; tie industry in, 265 n.; forest .89; elects honorary members, 388 area in, 1950, 265 n. "Missourian Rose from Slave Cabin to Mills, early, 154; art. on, 156-58 (illus.) World Acclaim," 279-81 (illus.) —Waltus L. Watkins, 192 (illus.), art. Missourian's "cabin" in Kansas, 1854, on, noted, 201 230 (illus.) —Watts, 300 "Missourians Fought Battle of Brazito on Mine a Breton. See Potosi Christmas Day," 163-65 (illus.) Miner, Paul V., art. by, noted, 306 Missourians in other states, 216; in Kan­ Mines and mining, 162; book on, 206 sas, 1860, 325-26 Minnesota, part of, in La. Pur., 20 "Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, Minnesota, State Historical Society of, 97 1854-1855," by Floyd C. Shoemaker, "Mission Free School," art. listed, 116 Part I, 221-36, Part II, 325-40 "Mississippi Panorama" (booklet), noted, 877-88 Missouriton, proposed town, 175 Mississippi River, controversy over, 1784- "Mister Missouri," title given Floyd C. 1803, 1-6, 124-25, 127-29; improvement Shoemaker, 388, 397 project, 94 "Mistress America of 1955," award, 38 Mississippi Valley, pictures of life in, Mitchell, Clara, art. by, listed, 220 noted, 88 Mobile, Ala., Bellingrath Gardens, art. Missoula, Mont., Lewis and Clark monu­ on, noted, 394 ment in, 276 Modrel family, 88 Missouri, part of La. Pur., 20; admitted Moffitt, Ranken, 194 to Union, 111, 215, book on, 309; arts Moll, Justus R., donor, 319 on, listed, 116, 220, noted, 199; deriva­ Moniteau County, part of Howard, 67; tion of name, art. on, 219-20, listed, book on, 204 323; vacation resources guides, noted, Monroe, James, and La. Pur., 6-9 (illus.), 303; maps of, noted, 379 119, 128-32 (illus.) Index 431

Montana, part of, in La. Pur., 20; Lewis Napton, W. B., 336 (illus.) and Clark expedition monuments in, Nash, Ira P., 180 275, 276 Nashville, Mo., 179-80 Montana, State Historical Society of, 276 Natchez (steamboat), 400 Montgomery, James, 107 National Archives. See U. S. National Montgomery County, book on, 204 Archives Monticello, Mo., 177 National Folk Festival, 20th, 302 Monuments and memorials, 91-93, 195- National Park Service. See U. S. Na­ 96, 276, 301 tional Park Service Moore, Mrs. Adella Breckenridge, arts, Native Sons of Kansas City, 193, 324, by, noted, 99 383; sponsored Ft. Osage pageant, 83, Moore, D. P., 265 89; marker project, 98, 196; restoration Moore, F. R., verso t.p. Apr. issue of Ft. Osage, 134, 136; "Year Book," Moore, Glover, The Missouri Controversy noted, 298 1819-1821, 309 Natural History Museum, Chicago, 401 Moore, Sanborn, 266 Naylor, John, 262 Morales, Don Juan Ventura, 6, 127 Nebo Baptist Church, 69 Morgan, Asa, 68 Nebraska, part of La. Pur., 20; Lewis and Morgan, J. G., 378 Clark monument in, 275, 276 Morgan County, part of Howard, 67 Nebraska Territory, organization of, Morillton, Ark., First Presbyterian urged, 223-25; settlement of, 230 Church, 191 "Negro Soldier" (painting), noted, 282; Mormons, 113; books on, noted, 114; Salt loaned, 378 Lake City, 345-47 Negroes, first national monument to, 84; Morris, Lan B., 99 first county agent, 85; status of in Mo., Morrison, deLesseps Story, 197 thesis on, 85; books on, 205, 311 Morrison, William A., art. by, listed, 323 Nelson, William Rockhill, gives art gal­ Morse, Theodore W., obit., 105 lery, 97 Morthland, Grant, school membership Nelson Gallery of Art. See William Rock­ plan, 71, 137 hill Nelson Gallery of Art. Morton, Stratford Lee, donor, 392; collec­ Neosho, Mo., , 110; tion of, 392 historical marker, 138, 378-79; Business Moses, 146 and Professional Women's Club, 378-79 Moss, James, 335 Neumueller, Clementine Buenger, art. on, Mothershead, N., 225 listed, 220 Motley, Mrs. Robert L., 191 New Britain (Conn.) Institute, exhibit, Mount Pisgah Baptist Church, 69 282, 378 Muehl, Eduard, 380 New England abolitionism, 336-37 Muehlebach (George) Brewing Company, New England Emigrant Aid Soc, 226-31, 383 326 Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, picture New London, Mo., Study Club, 387; Bap­ of, noted, 300 tist Church, 395 Muldrow, William, 212, 320-21 New Madrid, Mo., transfer of Upper Mullanphy, Bryan, 88 Louisiana, 1804, 14, 18; militia, 1804, Mullanphy, John, 88 19; historical marker, 138, 391; novel Mulligan, James A., 56-58; art. on, noted, on, 310 303; at Battle of Lexington, 399 New Madrid County, book on, 204 Mullinix, Floyd Laverne, thesis by, 86 New Madrid County Teachers Assoc, 204 Mumey, Nolie, 46 New Mexico, basis of laws of, 240 n. Mundelein, 111., Benedictine Sisters con­ New Mexico Territory, first laws of, vent, 91 printed, 240; annexed to U. S., 240 Munsell, Lelia, art. by, noted, 396 New Orleans, La., 2, 8, 9; ceded to Spain, Murphy, David, 318 1762, 1; returned to France, 1800, 5, Murphy, Dubart, 318 124; port closed, 6, 127-28; purchase Murphy, Isaac, 318 authorized by U. S., 1801, 6, 126; right Murphy, Jesse, 318 of deposit restored, 1803, 7; Jackson Murphy, Joseph, 318 Square, scene of transfer to U. S., 1803, Murphy, Richard, 318 10, 117-18 (illus.); sesquicentennial of Murphy, Mrs. Sarah (Barton), 318 transfer, 117-18, 125, 188-89; St. Louis Murphy, William, Sr., 318 Cathedral, 118; Cabildo, 118 (illus.); Murphy, William, Jr., 318 Presbytere, 118; International House, Murphy Settlement. See Farmington 117 n., 189; Pelican Stadium, 189; Del- Murray, — (doctor at Ft. Osage), 173. gado Museum, 189; Tulane University, Erratum Murry Newcomb College, 189 Museum Graphic, 307 New Salem Baptist Church of Jesus Musick, David, 259 Christ, anniv., 194 Musick, James, 259 n. New York City, N. Y. Musick, John R., 46 —Art. Students' League, 324 —Edward Eberstadt and Sons, 324 N —Nagel and Weingartner, outside back cover, Apr. issue Naeter, Mr. and Mrs. Fred W., 391 —Whitney Museum of American Art, Naeter, George A., 391 378 Nagel and Weingartner, New York, out­ New York (state), organized, 120, 121-22 ; side back cover, Apr. issue Chancellor of, 120, 122 Napoleon, and La. Pur., 1, 7-10, 119, 120, New York Criminal Zeitunq, 300 124-26, 128-32; picture of, 5; signed New York Evening Post, 26 n. agreement with U. S., 1800, 5; con­ New York Historical Society, 198 cluded Treaty of San Ildefonso with New York University, Hall of Fame for Spain, 1800, 5, 124; sent army to Santo Great Americans, 278 Domingo, 1802, 5, 9, 126 Newcastle, Duke of, 156 432 Missouri Historical Review

Newton County Historical Society, 379 Overstreet, Mrs. John M., obit., 313 Niangua River, tie industry on, 264-72 Owen, Mrs. John Britts, 296 Nichols, David, 92 Owens, Samuel, 243 Nichols, J. C, 97 Owings, Frank M., 95 Nifong, Mr. and Mrs. Frank G., 392 Ozark Folk Festival, Seventh Annual, 391 Ninevah, Mo., 24 n., see also Connelsville, Ozark Prairie Presbyterian Church, 384 Mo. Ozarks, books in, 1845, 107-08; arts, on, Norman J. Colman and Colman's Rural noted, 199, listed, 414; books on, 203-04 World, by George F. Lemmer, 101 Norris, Milt, 218 North Dakota, part of La. Pur., 20 North Kansas City, Mo., Antioch Com­ Parent-Teachers Assoc, founder of, 110 munity Church, 194 Park, George S., 333 Northeast Missouri Dental Soc, org., 317 Park, Nelly, 412 Northeast Missouri State Teachers Col­ Park Board, State, 192; purchased Persh­ lege, 366; thesis on, 85; theses of, 1951- ing home, 367 1952, 85 Park College, 333 Northfield, Minn., James gang robbery, Parker, Mrs. C. H., 89 art. on, noted, 97 Parker, Isaac C, 218 Northwestern Ohio Historical Soc, 11 n. Parker, Lester B., art. on, noted, 395 Norvell, Mrs. Robert, 191 Parker, Oliver, 178 Novels, Mo.'s first, 114 Parker, Theodore, 331 Nowlin, Clifford H., 388 Parks, roadside, Butler-Franks, 95; Aus- Nuderscher, Frank, verso t.p. Apr. issue tin-Pitcairn, 196; Theodore Gary, 196; Nursing service in Mo., thesis on, 86 Hawthorne, 378-79 Nutter, Charles, 189; "Robert R. Liv­ Parks, state. See State parks ingston, the Forgotten Architect of the Parkville, Mo., citizens petition Congress, Louisiana Purchase," 117-33, noted, 1852, 224 134 Parkville Industrial Luminary, destroyed, O 332-33 Parmer, Martin, 175. Erratum Pariner Obituaries, 104-06, 207-10, 311-15, 401-03 Parrish, Mrs. J. C, 83 Ocean Wave Christian Church, art. on, Patterson, W. J., 333 noted, 395 Patton, Nathaniel, 60 Ocean Wave Community building, art. Paul, Mr. and Mrs. M. A., 115 on, noted, 395 Pawnee, Kan., first terr. leg. met at, 338; Oder, John, 265 Town Company, 338 Odes by an Ozarkian, by William Aden Peace of Amiens, 1801, 9 French, 401 Pearne, Thomas H., 350-51 O'Fallon, Emily, 401 Peary North Greenland Expedition, 300 O'Flaherty, Daniel, book by, noted, 396 Peck, John Mason, quoted, 59, 169, 176- Ogden, Jesse, 70 77, 179 Oklahoma, part of, in La. Pur., 20 Pegler, Westbrook, art. by, noted, 97 Oklahoma, State Historical Society of, Pegues, David K., 83 154, 160 Pendergast, Mrs. Catherine, obit., 313 Oklahoma City, Okla., Bethany Presby­ Penman, T. A., 93 terian Church, 191 Penn, Dorothy, 181 Olathe, Kan., sack of, art. on, noted, Pennington, Dwight, art. by, noted, 96 200-01 O'Leary, Theodore M., art. by, noted, 396 Pennsylvania Historical Association, jour­ Oliver, John Watkins, 382 nal of, noted, 303-04 Oliver, Mordecai, 335 Perry, Donald F., 83 Oliver, Mrs. Robert Burett, 303 Perry, Oliver Hazard, Victory and Inter­ Oliver, Samuel, 343-45 national Peace Memorial, Ohio, 198 Omaha, Neb., Joslyn Memorial Art Mu­ Perry, Mo., State Bank murals, 301-02; seum, 378 art. on landmark in, noted, 307 O'Meara, Mrs. Frances Jacobi, 388 Perry County, Lutherans in, book on, O'Neal (or O'Neill), James, 259 101 O'Neill (or O'Neal), James, 259 Pershing, John J., statue of, 92; memorial O'Neill, Rose, art. on, 368-70 (illus.) commission, 92; State Park, 367; statue Orchards, apple, art. on, noted, 394, of, planned, 367 listed, 414 Persia, Mo., 179-80 "Order No. 11" (painting), noted, 282 Peterson, John, 18 Oregon, Missouri colonies to, 141-53, Peterson, Karl L., Jr., art. by, noted, 200 343-51; description of, 1855, 143-46; Petersson, — (Dallas County), 362 Lewis and Clark monument in, 275, 276 Petite Osage Bottom. See Teetsaw Plains Oregon State Historical Society, 389-90 Petitsaw Plains, 171 Oregon Trail, 97; art. on, noted, 98; book Pettis County, part of Howard, 67; first on, 102; art. on, 343-51; map of, noted, settlers, 171; arts, on, noted, 203 379 Petts, Robert B., obit., 105 Orr, Edward B., art. by, quoted, 319 Phelps, John S., 404; art. on, noted, 307- Osage, Mo., 167 08 Osage County, book on, 204 Phelps County Historical Society, first Osage River, tie industry on, 264 president of, 293 Osawatomie, Kan., organized, 230 Philippine Insurrection, 367 Osborn, Mrs. Donald R., obit., 313 Phillipe, A. J., 84 Osborn tie banking, 267 Phillips, Charley, 265 Overland Mail Centennial Committee, Phillips, James H., 92 295-96 Phillips, S. J., 85 Overland Mail Company, 371-72 Photographers, pioneer, art. on, listed, Overland stages, 370-72 (illus.) 220 Index 433

Pictorial History of American Sports, by —Salt River Presbytery, 389 John Durant and Otto Bettmann, —South Fork, 195 102-03 —Van Rensselaer Academy and High Pierce, Franklin, 390-91; signed Kansas- School, 202 Nebraska Act, 225; appointed Reeder Preston, Arthur, 393 gov. of Kan. Terr., 233, 236 Preston, Earl, 393 Pierre a Fleche. See Arrow Rock Preston, Eugene L., 189, 383, 393 Pigg, Elmer L., art. by, noted, 97 Preston, Harley, 393 Piggott, James, 95 Preston, Robert, 393 Piggott, Joseph, 177 Preston, Walter, 393 Pihlblad, C. Terence (ed.), "Swedish Preston family, art on, noted, 393, listed, Immigrant Letters in Dallas County 413 1873 to 1908," 352-64 Price, Mrs. Earl, 191 Pike County Historical Society, 298, 383, Price, Michael, verso t.p. July issue 396; organized, 191; auxiliary of State Price, Perry Riley, obit., 314 Historical Soc, 191 Price, R. B., officer, 136 Pilant, Richard, 85; art. on, noted, 100 Price, Sterling, 110-11; at Battle of Wil­ Pilot Knob Iron Company, 213 son's Creek, 50-52; at Battle of Lexing­ Piney Woods Country School, Braxton, ton, 56-58; raid of 1864, 196, 213; as Miss., 407 governor, 235-36; in Mexican War, Pinkerton detectives, 406 238, 242 n., 243; at Lexington pro- Pioneer life, 59-70 (illus.), 156-59 (illus.), slavery convention, 335 166-80 Prices, 1801, lead, 162; 1803, of francs, 8; Pirogues, 256-57 1813, school tuition, 69; 1818-19, land, Pitcairn, John, 196 60; 1819, bricks, 61, corn, 61, wheat, 61, Plato, 81 bacon, 61, land, 61, labor, 61; 1816-19, Platte City, Mo., proslavery meeting in, land in Franklin, 63; 1834, pork, 413, 1854, 231 beef, 413; 1835, wages in Marion City, Platte City Argus, 233 321; 1840's, wages, 52; 1847, horse in Platte County, hemp in, 1860, 54; old New Mexico, 244, tobacco, 245, cloth­ homes tour, 90, 190; courthouse, 190; ing, 244-45; 1855, Oregon, wagons, 142, pictures of homes in, noted, 393 flour, 144, transportation, 145, farm Platte County Historical Society, 89-90, land, 145; 1855, Idaho, ferry charge, 36; 193, 383; tour, 90, 190 1855, tuition at University of Mo., 108, Platte County Self-Defensive Assoc, horses, 355; 1860, hemp, 54; 1869, salt, formed, 232, 233; destroyed the Park­ 317, ticket from Sweden to New York, ville Industrial Luminary, 332-33 357, from New York to St. Louis, 357, , 231; thesis on, 86 from St. Louis to Lebanon, Mo., 357, Platte Purchase and Its Significance in from Gothenberg, Sweden, to St. Louis, Frontier History, thesis, 86 359; 1880, railroad ties, 264, 267, tie Plattin Creek, art. on name of, noted, 394 rafters' wages, 270; 1879, wages, 357, Plattsburg, Mo., J. Breckenridge Ellis land, 358; 1887, wages, 364; 1890, School, 302 wages in St. Joseph, 317; 1900, dental Plattsburg College, 302 machines, 317; 1951, railroad ties, 267 Plunkett, H. Connely, 84 n. Poague, Haysler A., 296 Primitive Baptist Church. See Baptist Poetry, thesis on midwestern, 85 Church Pohlman, George, 389; obit., 105 Primm, James N., 383, 395 Pohlman, Mrs. George, donor, 388-89 Pritchard, James Avery, art. on, noted, Point, Nicholas, thesis on, 86 306 Point Labbadie. See Labadie, Mo. Prokes, Albert J., verso t.p. July issue; Pony Express, 296; Bible of, 94; art. on, donor, 384 listed, 324; map of route, noted, 379 Providence Baptist Church, records of, Poosey, Land of, art. on, noted, 393, 300 listed, 414 Prussen, Isaiah, 92 Pope, John, 411 Pueblo de Taos, 242 n. Pope, Mrs. John A., 93 Pugh, Mrs. U. R., 383 Porter, Mrs. Clyde, arts, by, noted, 97, Pulaski, Casimir, picture of, noted, 300 98, 201, listed, 116 Pulitzer, Joseph, Sr., 299 Portland, Ore., Lewis and Clark monu­ Pull Away Boatman, by Ada Claire ment in, 276 Darby, 310 Possiet, — (Admiral), 411 Purnell, Reynolds, 298 Postal service, first ove*rland, 295-96, Putzel, Max, art. by, listed, 220 (illus.) cover Apr. issue; to Santa Fe, Pynchon, W. L., 324 324; to Salt Lake City, 324, 371-72 (Illus.) Potosi, Mo., early lead mining at, 162 Q Poussette, Judie. See Labusciere, Mrs. Quaife, Milo Milton, 391-92 Judie (Poussette) Quantrill, William Clarke, art. on, noted, Powell, Hazel Rowena, Adventures Under­ 200-01 ground in the Caves of Missouri, 311 Quarles, James T., obit., 402 Presbyterian Church Quickel, Tom, 83 —Chariton, 1820, 177 Quimby, George I., Indians of the Western —Dardenne, 262 n. Frontier, 401 —Desloge, 390 —Flat River, 390 —Hannibal Presbytery, 389 Railroad tie industry. See entries under —Kirk Presbytery, 389 Tie industry —Kirksville Presbytery, 389 Railroads, art. on, noted, 201; book on, —Ozark Prairie, 384 399 —St. Charles County, early, 261 —Chicago and Alton, thesis on, 85 434 Missouri Historical Review

—Hannibal and St. Joseph, 366, 391, Roads, plot of one in 1811, noted, 87; 406 pioneer, in Ozarks, arts, on, listed, 414 —Jefferson City, Lebanon and South­ Roadside parks. See Parks, roadside western. See Missouri Pacific Robert E. Lee (steamboat), 400 —Missouri, Kansas, and Texas, 267 n. "Robert R. Livingston, the Forgotten —Missouri Pacific, 264, 265, 296, 407 Architect of the Louisiana Purchase," Ralls, Daniel, art. on, noted, 305 by Charles Nutter, 117-33, noted, 134 Ralls, Ed. H., 305 Roberts, — (widow near Farmington), Ralls, John, 305 161 Ralls County, art. on Civil War in, noted, Roberts, Ada W., verso t.p. Jan. issue Roberts, William H., 350-51 200; execution in, art. on, noted, 200 Robertson, Charles, 191 Ramsay, Josiah, 167 Robertson, W. R., 251 Ramsay, Robert L., art. by, listed, 220, Robidoux, Joseph, 199 quoted, 410; obit., 314 Robins, Mrs. Ruby (Matson), 181; (ed.), Randall, Elizabeth. See Vandeventer, "The Missouri Reader: 'Americans in Mrs. Elizabeth (Randall) the Valley,' " 59-70, 166-80 Randolph, Vance (co-auth.), Down in the Robinson, Albert Earl, art. by, noted, 98 Holler, 204 Robinson, Charles, 229 Randolph County, early history, 178; Robinson, "Yankee," 211 historical material on, donated, 389 Robuck, Mrs. Susan (Mason), 294 Rangers, 67 (illus.), 259 Rocheport, Mo., hemp market, 52 Rawlings, Mrs. Owen C, verso t.p. July Rodes, Andrew, 256. Erratum Roads issue Rodes, Mary. Erratum Roads. See Zum­ Ray, E. Lansing, officer, 136 walt, Mrs. Mary (Rodes) Ray, John, 174 Roger, Oscar L., obit., 403 Ray, John Pharis, obit., 314 Rogers, Harris D., 378, 379 Ray County, 1796-1820, 174-75; proslav­ Rogers, John B., Producing Co., 83, 90 ery meetings in, 1855, 326 Rogers, Will, Day, 197 Rayburn, Otto Ernest, 391, 393; art. by, Rolla, Mo., historical marker, 138; Mera­ listed, 414 mec Iron Works, 190; School of Mines, Ream, Vinnie. See Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie 191; Daily News bldg., 190-91; mural in (Ream) News bldg., 190-91 (illus.); radio Reames, — (ca. 1819, Franklin), 60 broadcasts on, 301 Reavis, L. U., 273 Rolla Daily News, 190-91 Recollections of the Members of the Clay Rollins, C. B., Sr., 319 County Bar, 1890-1940, by Martin Rollins, C. B., Jr., 319 Lawson, 104 Rollins, James S., 411; portrait of, noted, Record of Aulsbury Chapel, noted, 300 282 Records of Providence Baptist Church, Romjue, Milton A., donor, 300 Washington County, noted, 300 Roofener tie banking, 267 Reed, Jim, 218 Roosevelt, Mrs. Eleanor, 133 Reed, Mrs. Myra Belle. See Starr, Mrs. Roosevelt, Franklin D., 85 Belle (Shirley) Roosevelt, Theodore, 367 Reeder, Andrew H., as gov. of Kan. Ropewalk, 46, 52-54 (illus.) Terr., 233-36, 326, 328-35 (illus.), 338; Rose, F. P., art. by, listed, 414 office of, 329 (illus.), removed from Rose, Julia, 191 office, 339 Ross, James, 128, 129 Reeves, Albert L., officer, 136 Roth, James, 44 Refugees of Revolution, by Carl Wittke, Roth, Kate, verso t.p. July issue 206 Roth, Mrs. Otto, 195 Reid, Dudley, art. on and by, noted, 100 Roy, Jean Baptiste, 111 Reid, John W., 164, 243 n. Royal, James H. B., 350-51 Religion, 261-62 "Royal Welcome Given Prince of Wales "Remarks on Senator Allen McReynolds by Missourians," 155-56 (illus.) and the Bingham Portrait of Thomas Rozelle, Mrs. Alice C, 89 Jefferson," by Floyd C. Shoemaker, Rucker, Daniel H., 246 n. 42-45 Ruge, Karl, 28, 39-40 Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Rugg, George, 145 Latter Day Saints, 113 Ruler, Max F., obit., 209 Resources and Development Div., folder Rupe, Gilead, 172 of, 303 Russell, — (pioneer, Lafayette County), Revolutionary War, 18, 253-55, 410; pen­ 172 sions, 262, 263; picture of generals in, Russell, Mrs. Charles A., 192 noted, 300 Russell, Charles M., art. on, listed, 115 Reynolds, J. B., 321 Russell, Walter, 115 Reynolds, John A., 92 Russell, T. P., obit., 209, 314 Richards, Susie. See Mason, Mrs. Susie Russell, Majors, and Waddell, 94, 371-72 (Richards) Richardson, L. L., verso t.p. Jan. issue; Russo-Japanese War, 367 arts, by, noted, 96, 305, 394, listed, 414 Rust, John Daniel, art. on, noted, 306 Riderer, Henry A., 89 Ruth, George Herman, 102 Riebel, Alex C, verso t.p. July issue Riggan, Mrs. Lucy H., 203 S Riley, Mrs. Don, 383 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Sacajawea (Indian guide), 275 (illus.); Circus, 99 marker and monument to, 276 Ritchie, A. H., 273 Sackett, Leonard, Call Back Yesterday. Rivers, Ernest, verso t.p. Oct. and July 103 issues Sacramento, Calif., end of Pony Express Rizer, Mrs. Virginia, 193 route, 296 Index 435

Sacramento Pass, Battle of, Mexican —telephone, first, art. on, listed, 220; War, 165 exchange, first, 215 St. Charles, Mo., historical marker, 138 —Unitarian Church, First, 195 St. Charles County, offered for sale, 1816- —Washington University. See Wash­ 1819, 66; book on, 204; early history of, ington University 249-63 —water tower, renovated, 95 St. Clair, Mrs. L. L., 95 —Whiskey frauds, 319 St. Clair County, part of Howard, 67; —Wohl gifts to, 302, 386, 404 book on, 205 —Y.M.C.A., Vine St. branch, 84 St. James Academy, 307 St. Louis County, represented at Lexing­ St. John Nepomuk Catholic Church, St. ton proslavery convention, 335 Louis, 384 St. Louis Dispatch, 299 St. Joseph, Mo., public library, 115; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, sponsored Folk Women's Press Club, 115; historical Festival, 302 marker, 138; Little Flock Church of St. Louis Historical Documents Founda­ Primitive Baptists, 194; art. on, noted, tion, 298; publication of, 140 199; 1853, 224; Nebraska convention St. Louis Missouri Republican, quoted, in, 1854, 224; proslavery meeting in, 333-34 1854, 231; start of Pony Express, 296; St. Louis Post, 299 museum, art. on, noted, 307; Tootle St. Louis Post-Dispatch, donation of home, 307; Tootle, Hosea, and Co., microfilm of, 137; anniv. supplement, overall factory, 317; art. on jail break 299; art. on, listed, 324 in, noted, 396 St. Louis University, 91; theses of, 1951- St. Joseph Gazette, 114 1952, 86; thesis on, 86 St. Joseph Historical Society, 90, 193, 307 "St. Stephen Story," art. listed, 220 St. Joseph Lead Company, 196; art. on, Ste. Genevieve, Mo., and transfer of noted, 393, listed, 413 Upper Louisiana, 1804, 14, 17, 18; St. Louis, Mo. militia, 1804, 19; drawings of tomb­ —Agricultural and Mechanical Fair, stones in Bethel cemetery, noted, 87; 155-56 historical marker, 138; Louisiana Lodge —arts, on, noted, 200, listed, 413 No. 109, 398; art. on, listed, 413; Bolduc —Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hos­ House. See Bolduc House pital, 404 Sala, Dorothy, 193 —Barnum's hotel, 155 Salcedo, Don Juan Manuel de, 11-12 —beer gardens of, art. on, listed, 116 Saline County, hemp in, 1860, 54; part of —Board of Aldermen, 1823-1830, min­ Howard County, 67; organized, 70; utes of, noted, 87 1796-1820, 167-71; site of first court­ —Butterfield Overland Mail, start of, house marked, 196 296, 404 Saline County Historical Society, 90, 196 —by-passes, 103 Salt Lake City, Utah, first postal route to, —Campbell House. See Campbell 324; trade with Weston, Mo., 371 House Salt Lake Valley, 345-47 (illus.) —church bells, art. on, listed, 323 Salt licks, 212 —City Art Museum, 88 Salt Pond settlement, 171 —Coliseum, being razed, 100 Salt River, art. on, noted, 394 —DePaul Hospital, thesis on, 86 Sampson, Willis, 380 —Eads Bridge, art. on, 277-79 (illus.) Samuels, Lynn, obit., 403 —fair of 1870, art. on, noted, 99 Samuels, Mrs. Reuben, 406 —historical marker, 138 San Francisco Examiner, 110 —Home for the Friendless, art. on, Sanders, W. F., 81 listed, 323 Santa Fe, N. Mex., parish church, 239 —Jewish Hospital, Wohl gift to, 386 (illus.); early postal service to, 324 —John Scullin School, 95, 304 (illus.) cover Apr. issue —Kansas-Nebraska Act approved at Santa Fe trade, 64, 237 meeting, 225 Santa Fe Trail, 97, 239; map of, noted, —Lafayette's visit, 172 379 —Lewis and Clark Expedition, plaque Santo Domingo, revolt, 5, 9, 126 to, 276 Sappington, John, 90; art. on, noted, 303 —Library, public, book on, 399-400 Sappington, William B., 90 —Louisiana Purchase Centennial cele­ Sappington family, at Lexington pro- bration, 118 slavery convention, 335 —Louisiana, Upper, transfer at, 10-17 Sappington School Fund, 90 (illus.), 132, 188, 215 Savage, Edward, 198 —Lutherans in, book on, 101 Savage, John, 69 —Mercantile Library, 11 n., Assoc, 60 Savannah, Mo., citizens petition Con­ —Municipal Reference Library, 87 gress, 1853, 224 —National Folk Festival, 20th, 302 Sawyers, William Orr, donor, 194 —Neighborhood Assoc, 404 Sayers, Floyd W., 189 —photographer, pioneer, art. on, listed, Scantlen, Anthony James, thesis by, 86 220 Schaefer, Michael, 34, 35, 37, 143, 145 —pictures of, noted, 392 Scharf, J. Thomas, 15, 16 —Prince of Wales visit, 1860, 155-56 Schermann, Waldo, 380 —St. John Nepomuk Catholic Church, Schmidt, Joseph, art. by, listed, 413 384 Schmidt, Mildred, art. by, listed, 413 —shot tower, 154 (illus.), 162 Schneider, Mary Louise, thesis by, 86 —social customs in old, art. on, listed, Schofield, John M., 319 323 "School Days in the Kirkwood Seminary —Society for Crippled Children, thesis from the Diary of Clara Mitchell," art. on, 86 listed, 220 —Stix, Baer, and Fuller store, 100; ex­ Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, book by, noted, hibit, 392 393, art. on, listed, 414 436 Missouri Historical Review

Schools, early, 46, 54-56 (illus.), Franklin, 42-45; (ed.), "This Week in Missouri 62, Cooper County, 69, Shannon History," 46-58, 154-65, 273-81, 365- County, 107, St. Charles County, 259; 72; "Annual Meeting of the State His­ secondary, theses on, 86; state funds torical Society of Missouri, 1953," 134- for, 1953, 115; 1796-1820, Edmondson's 40; "Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Bottom, 169-70; Lafayette County, Kansas, 1854-1855," 221-36, 325-40 1819, 172; Ray County, 1819, 174 Shoemaker, Floyd C, 89, 136, 215, 319, Schrantz, Ward L., 89; arts, by, noted, 378; personal messages from, 72, 181, 95-96, quoted, 218 282-83, 373-74; speaker, 84, 191, 391; Schucart, Barney R., home, 197 gives annual report, 137-40; at sesqui­ Schuele, Adam, 146. Erratum Schule centennial of La. Pur., 117, 189; quoted, Schuster, Mrs. Fred J., 386 168, 215; made life member of Tex. Schwader, — (one of Bethel colony), 142, State Historical Assoc, 197; awarded 143, 146 "certificate for meritorious service," Scott, DR, obit., 314 197; chairman of committee, 295-96, Scott's Bluff National Monument, Neb., 397; receives life membership in "His­ 198 toric Hermann, Inc.," 381; made hono­ Scrivener, John H., obit., 314 rary member of Mo. Writers Guild, Scully, Edward G., art. by, listed, 220 388; called "Mr. Missouri," 388, 397; "Seawright Site," art. listed, 323 arts, on, noted, 388, listed, 413; trip of, Sechler, E. T., Brief History of Christian 391; letter to, quoted, 406 Churches . . . in Cedar County and St. Shoemaker, Mrs. Floyd C, 189, 191, 378, Clair County, Missouri, 1852-1952, 205 391 Secor, Corrine, art. by, noted, 100 " 'Shooting for Beef Provided Target Secret societies, 1854, 232, see also names Practice and Prizes," 47-48 (illus.) of societies Short, Dewey, 84 Seeking, by Will Thomas, 311 "Shot Towers Thrived as a Major Mis­ Selleck, Bessie J., Early Settlers of Douglas souri Industry," 162-63 County, Missouri, 309-10 Sibley, George C, at Ft. Osage, 1808, Seminole War, 51 82, 135, 173; trading house at Arrow Sequoyah (Indian), 160 Rock, 168 (illus.) Settlement and settlements, 1796-1820, Sibley, Mrs. Mary (Easton), 82, 135 59-70, 166-80 Sibley, Mo., P.T.A., 89 Seven Years' War, 1756-1763, 1 Sidebottom, M. C, 92 Sever (H. E.) Memorial Library, art. on, Siegrist Engraving Co., Kansas City, 329; listed, 413 donor, 300-01 Sevier, John, art. on, noted, 201 Sigel, Franz, at Battle of Carthage, 95 Sevier, Ray, obit., 106 Sigma Delta Chi, convention, 200 Shadrick tie banking, 267 Simpson College, Indianola, la., 84, 279 Shaner, Dolph, 89; art. by, noted, 96 Sims, Lester, arts, by, noted, 99 Shannon, James, 335, 336 Singleton, Jordan C, art. by, listed, 220 Shannon, Joseph, portrait of, noted, 282 Sioux City, la., Sergeant Floyd monu­ Shannon, Wilson, 339 ment in, 276 Shannon County, early school in, 107 Slaughter, Seth, 194 Shaw, Henry, 64 Slavery, in Mo., abolished, 215, 303; in Shawnee Indian Mission, picture of, Kan., 325; issue in Kan., 221-36, 325-40 noted, 300; governor's office, 1855, 329 Smith, — (Mississippian on Oregon (illus.) Trail), 346 Shawnee Manual Labor School, 338-39 Smith, Henry Nash, 197 (illus.) Smith, Jabez, 214 "She Takes the Horns," by Frederick Smith, Joseph, revelation of, 1838, 113 Way, Jr., 400 Smith, Mrs. Louise, 83 Shelby, Joseph, art. on, noted, 303; book Smith, Marjorie, thesis by, 85 on, noted, 396 Smith, Ophia D. (co-auth.), Buckeye Shelbyville, Mo., courthouse museum Titan, 103 cases, 202 Smith, Sam, art. by, noted, 396 Shepherd, Mrs. W. L., 91, 304 Smith, Sanford, 172 Shepherd, Walter J., 385 Smith, Thomas A., 179 Shepherd of the Hills Memorial Lodge Smith, William E. (co-auth.), Buck-Eye Museum, 370 Titan, 103 Sheppard, Myrtle Vorst, art. by, listed, Smithsonian Institution, National College 413 of Fine Arts, donor, 87-88; sends ex­ Sherer, Vera Ruth, 378-79 hibit to Germany, 88, 93, 282; River Sherman, Roger, one of drafters of Decla­ Basin Surveys, 391 ration of Independence, 121 Smithton, Mo., 179, see also Columbia, Sherman, Thomas B., 299 Mo. Shields, James, 88 Smithton Company, 179 Shippee, J. Mett, 197; art. by, listed, 323 Smithville, Mo., Christian Church, 384 Shirley, Bud, 218 Sniabar, derivation of name, 172 n. Shirley, John, 218 Snider, F. E., donor, 386 Shirley, Myra Belle. See Starr, Mrs. Snyder, Robert M., collection of, 113-14 Belle (Shirley) Social Bands, 232 Shoemaker, Floyd C. (co-ed.), Journal, Social customs, 47-48, 63; art. on, listed, Missouri Constitutional Convention of 323 1875, 82; (co-ed.), Debates of the Mis­ Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts, souri Constitutional Convention of 1875, 123 82; "The Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat­ the Transfer of Upper Louisiana to the rick, 88 United States, 1804," 1-22; "Remarks Somerville, James H., obit., 106 on Senator McReynolds and the Bing­ Sonora, Mexico, archaeological expedition ham Portrait of Thomas Jefferson," to, 387 Index 437

Sons of Idaho, 276 charter, 294; honorary, 141 n., verso Sons of the South, 232 back cover July issue; county his­ Soper, Horace Wendell, obit., 209-10 torical societies affiliate, 83, 89, 139, Sorenson, Donald J., art. by, noted, 98 191; largest in U. S., 137; towns out­ Soulard, Antoine, 12 standing in, 290-92 South Dakota, part of La. Pur., 20; Lewis —microfilm record, 137-38, 373-74 and Clark monuments in, 275, 276 —newspaper files, noted, 331, 373-74 South Fork Presbyterian Church, 195 —officers of, 42, 82, 91, 188, 293, 295, South Pass (Wyo.), picture of, noted, 102 377, verso front cover each issue, in­ "Southeast Missouri Ozarks," art. listed, side back cover, Jan. and Apr. issues; 414 elected, 1953, 136 Southern, William Neil, art. on, inside —paintings loaned, 88, 93 back cover, Apr. issue (illus.) —stack gates, 138 Sowers, Edward W., 190-91 —storage cabinets of, 138, 373-74 Spalding, Charles Carroll, Annals of the —Truman, Harry S., family portrait, City of Kansas, 114 197-98, 283 Spalding, Robert M., 212 "State of Franklin," N. Car., 201 Spalding, Mo., art. on, 212-13 State of Missouri versus Holland, 322; Spalding Springs, 212 art. on, noted, 307 Spanish in U. S., 1762-1804, 1-5, 10-18, State parks, 251, 276, 367 124; land policy, 181 Statues, of Eugene Field's works, 114-15; Spencer, Claude E., art. by, listed, 220 of Mark Twain's characters, 115; of Spencer, Richard Perry, obit., 106 John J. Pershing, planned, 367 Spirit of St. Louis (airplane), 109, 310 Stauffer, John, 32, 33, 34, 36 Spirit of St. Louis, by Charles A. Lind­ Stayton, Edward M., obit., 403 bergh, 310 Steamboats, invented, 123, 132-33; book Spivey, Delmar T., 383 on, 400 Sprague, Howard Thomas, thesis by, 86 —arts, on, noted, 200, 201 Springfield, Mo., historical marker, 138; —Betsy Ann, 400 on Butterfield Overland Mail route, —Buckeye State, 400 296, 404 —Clermont, 132-33 Sprong, C. (Nick), obit., 314 —Empress, 327 Spurlock, Matt, 92 —Flora Jones, art. on, noted, 397, Squatter sovereignty, 223, 228, 230-31 quoted, 405 Squatters' Claim Assoc, formed, 233 —Florence, 155 Stage coaches. See Overland stages —Independence, 61 (illus.) Stamp Act Congress, 121 —Natchez, 400 Stampfer, Joseph, obit., 403 —Robert E. Lee, 400 Stanard, Joe, 384 — Western Engineer, 82 Standley, John, 175 Steinbeck, F. W., 85 Stapel, Portia, verso t.p. Apr. issue Stephan, Martin, book on, 101 Stapp, Mrs. Florence, 89 Stephens, Lewis, 191 Star, Noah, 350 Stephenson, Robert L., 391 Star, P., 350 Sterrett, William W., 90, 196 Stark, Clay Hamilton, obit., 106 Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von, Stark, Lloyd Crow, 298 picture of, noted, 300 Stark orchards, art. on, noted, 394, listed, Stevens, B. Cordell, donor, 87 414 Stevens, Walter B., quoted, 16, 408-09 Starless Night (horse), art. on, noted, 99 Stevenson, J. William, obit., 210 Starr, Mrs. Belle (Shirley), art. on, 218- Stewart, George R., U. S. h0: Cross 19, noted, 100 Section of the United States, 103 Starr, Sam, 218 Stirrat, Mrs. Andrew T., 196 State flag. See Flag, state Stix, Baer, and Fuller, St. Louis, 100; State Historical Society of Missouri, 199 exhibit, 392 —acquisitions, 24, 43-45, 87-88, 92, Stockwell, Daisy Pat, arts, by, noted, 139 194-95 199, 389; donor, 389 —Annual Meeting, 1949, 45; 1953, 117 Stoddard, Amos, accepted Upper Louisi­ n., 134-40, 380 ana for France and then U. S., 11-18, —art collections, 282-83 132; first gov. of Upper La., 18-19; art. —Bay, J. Christian, collection, 139, 181 on, listed, 413 —Benton collection, 378 Stone, William Joel, monument of, 395 —Bingham collection, 98, 282-83 Stong, Phil, art. by, noted, 199, listed, —building secured, inside back cover 220 Apr. issue Storck, Shelby, 193 —comments on, verso t.p. each issue Streufert, Waldemar B., art. by, listed, —feature articles, historical, 46-58, 154- 220 65, 273-81, 365-72 —Fitzpatrick collection, 139, 203, 282- Stringfellow, B. F., 231-32 (illus.), 327, 83 333-35, 340 —founded, 294, inside back cover Apr. Stringfellow, J. H., 231-32 issue Strother, Marion, 191 —highway historical marker program Struble, Cornelius D., obit., 314 of, 138, 189, 378, 391 Strychnine, use of, to kill wolves, 346 —map collection, 379 Stuart, Gilbert, 44 —membership: members active in in­ Sturgeon, Mo., historical pageant in, 94- creasing, inside back cover Oct. issue, 95 71-74, 181-83, 283-86, 374-75; new, Styles, 1875, 211 74-80, 183-87, 286-90, 375-77; life, 71, Suarez, Isabel, 136 78, 137, 140, 181, 184, 185, 283, 286- "Subscription Schools Taught Missou­ 89; school, 71, 79-80, 137, 140, 187; rians Their Three R's," 54-56 (illus.) total, 74, 137, 140, 1§3, 292. 375; Sug Stone Bluff tie banking, 267 438 Missouri Historical Review

Sullivan, Mo., Harney House. See Har­ Thompson, Henry C, 196, 200, verso t.p. ney, William Selby, house Jan. issue; donor, 282; art. by, quoted, Sutherland, Logan, 299 318 Svensson, Sven, 363-65 Thompson, M. Jeff, grave of, 193; art. on, Swain, E. E., officer, 136 noted, 307 Swamp Angel, by Delia Cash Jenkins, 401 Thompson, Robert R., 39 Swanson, Jeanette, art. by, quoted, 407 Thompson family, book on, noted, 389 Swearingen, O. H., obit., 403 Thomson, R. M., 137 "Swedish Immigrant Letters in Dallas Thornton, R. B., 178 County 1873 to 1908," ed. by C. Ter­ Thorntonsburg, Mo., 178 ence Pihlblad, 352-64 Thorpe, William, 177 Sweet Springs tie banking, 267 Thrall, Augustus, 178; Prairie, 178 Switzler, William F., 60, 219; history by, "Three Generations in the Span of a noted, 305 Continent, The Zumwalt Family," ed. Swope, Benjamin, 256 by Eugenia Learned James and Vivian Swope, Thomas A., 97 K. McLarty, 249-63, 341-51 Thurman, Samuel, 385-86 Tie bankings, 264, 265-67, 269, 271 (illus.) Tie chutes, 267, 269, 270 (illus.) Tabeau (or Tabo), Mo., 172 Tie industry, early, art. on, 264-72 (illus.) Tabo (or Tabeau), Mo., 172 Tie rafts, 268 (illus.) Taft, Robert, Artists and Illustrators of Timken, Mildred, 379 the Old West, 1850-1900, 102 Tipton, Mo., on Butterfield Overland Taggert, — (dentist, Chicago), 317 Mail route, 296, 404 Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de, Tisler, C. C, art. by, quoted, 405-06 and La. Pur., 5, 7, 96, 119, 125, 129-31 Todd, Robert Barr, art. on, noted, 199 Tammen, Harry H., 318 Todd, Robert Levi, art. on, noted, 199 Tanda, — (pioneer on Oregon Trail), 348 Tom Sawyer, statue of, 115; painting of Taos, N. Mex., flour from, 240; battle at, home noted, 282; mural, 302 1847, 242; (illus.), 242 Tong, Marvin E., Jr., art. by, listed, 323 Tarkington, Booth, 369 Toost, Conrad, 143 Tate, Mrs. Ruth, 214 Tootle, Hosea, and Co., overall factory, Tavernier, Jules, picture by, noted, 102 St. Joseph, 317 Tax Commission, State, 321 Topeka, Kan., organized, 230 Taylor, Mrs. Cecil B., verso t.p. Oct. issue Taylor, Frank J., art. by, noted, 394, Tornadoes of the United States, by Snow- listed, 414 den D. Flora, 205 Taylor, James C, 92 Torrey, Mrs. Mabel L., 114 Taylor, Zachary, in Mexican War, 237 Tours, Lexington, 93, 197; Platte County, Tedford, J. F. (?), 316 90, 190 Teetsaw Plains, 170-71 Townsend, G. S., report received, 301 "Telephone Comes to St. Louis," art. Tracy, Lester L., Jr., Life and Educational listed, 220 Contributions of Joseph D. Elliff, 308-09 Telephones, early, art. on, 214-15, listed, Trade schools, private, in Mo., thesis on, 220 86 Temperance, Glasgow, Mo., 316; St. "Trail of Tears," art. on, 159-61 (illus.) Charles County, 262 Trans-Atlantic airplane flight, first solo, Temperance societies, first in St. Charles 109; book on, 310 County, 262 Tennesseans in Mo., 166, 171, 174 —Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848, 247 n. Tennessee, Meriwether Lewis National —Paris, 1763, 1, 124 n. Monument, 275, 276 —Paris, 1783, 2, 3, 124 n. Tennessee Colony, Cole County, 166 —San Ildefonso, 1800, 5, 6, 7, 124, 125 Tennessee Historical Commission, 391 —San Lorenzo, 1795, 4, 6 Tennessee Historical Society, 391 Tremor, — (Camden County miller), 269 Territorial history, 59-70, 166-80, 216, Trenton, Mo., historical marker, 138; 256-63 First Christian Church, 299 Territorial legislature, first, 216 Trickett, Dean, obit., 403 Territory of Arkansas 1819-1825, comp. Trimble, Ned M., art. by, noted, 201 and ed. by Clarence Edwin Carter, 398 Truex, Chester M., obit., 210 Terry, Dickson, art. by, noted, 202 Truman, Harry S., scrapbook on, noted, Texas, independence and annexation to 87; family portrait, 197-98, 283; art. on, U. S., 237; laws, basis for first New listed, 324; birthday of, 385; proposed Mexico code, 240 n.; the siege of the library of, 385; speaker, 385 Alamo, 328 Truman, Mrs. Harry S., 385 Texas State Historical Assoc. 197, 295 Textbooks, early, 56, 62, 107 Truman, Margaret, 385 Thayer, Eli, 226-27 (illus.), 331 Tucker, Beverly, 262 Thayer, George B., Pedal and Path . . ., Tucker, Clarence M., obit., 315 114 Tucson, Ariz., Benedictine Sisters con­ Theodore Gary Roadside Park, 196 vent, 91 Theses relating to Missouri, 85-86 Tulane University, Newcomb College, 189 "This Week in Missouri History," ed. by Tunnel Dam, 267, 272 Floyd C. Shoemaker, 46-58, 154-65, Tunney, Gene, 102 273-81, 365-72 Turner, George Edgar, Victory Rode the Thoen, Lewis, stone, 198; monument, 198 Rails, 399 Thomas, Mrs. Helen, 311 Turner, William, 175 Thomas, W. C, 264 Turpin, William M., 191, 383 Thomas, Will, The Seeking, 311 Turtle, Howard, art. by, noted, 306 Thompson, Collins, obit., 314 Tuskegee Institute, Ala., 85, 273, 280-81 Index 439

Twenty Five Crucial Years of the St. Louis 85-86; Jesse auditorium, arts, on, noted, Public Library 1927 to 1952, by Charles 97, 303-04; description of and tuition, H. Compton, 399-400 1855, 108, students send proslavery Twins of Genius, by Guy A. Card well, 400 delegate to Kan., 326; first two gradu­ Twitchell, Ralph, 265 ates of, 199; honored Eads, 278; presi­ 210 Associates (national philanthropic dent resigned, 294-95; appropriations foundation), 404 for, 294; faculty increase, 294; enroll­ Two-Mile Prairie, 179 ment increase, 294; building program, Twyman, Elmer, 214 294-95; Memorial Student Union, 295; Twyman, Leo, 214 KOMU, 295; Medical School and Hos­ Twyman, Tom, 214 pital, 295; secured library building, in­ side back cover Apr. issue; B. and P.A. School, anniv., 385; Law Day banquet, U 387-88; Law Alumni Assoc, 387; Cole Ullman, Camaspallo, 35-36 County Alumni Assoc, 388; Uni. Unfer, Louis, art. by, noted, 308 Alumni Assoc, 388; Western Historical Union Emigration Society, 227 Manuscripts Collection, art. on, noted, Unitarian Church, St. Louis, 195 395; School of Mines and Metallurgy, U. S. Air Force Historical Division, 392 art. on, listed, 413 U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, St. Louis University of Missouri Endowment De­ District, 94; First Dragoons, 1833, art. velopment Fund, 295 on, listed, 116, Companies A and E, Upton, Mrs. Lucile Morris, verso t.p. Apr. 246 n., 247; First Infantry, 173; 35th issue, 384; arts, by, noted, 307-08, 397, Infantry Div., 199 quoted, 404-05 U. S. Census, personal, 139 Utley, Robert M., art. by, listed, 220 U. S. Congress —1774, First Continental, 120 —1775, Second Continental, 121 V —1802, appropriated $2,000,000 to buy Valley Farmer. See Colman's Rural World New Orleans and the Floridas, 6, 126 Van Brunt, Henry, arts, by, noted, 306 —1803, debate on La. Pur., 127-29, Vanderpool, John, 174 ratification of, 9, 132 Vanderpool, Meaddors, 174 —1821, gave Mo. four tracts of public Vandeventer, Mrs. Elizabeth (Randall), land, 111 188 —1830 (?), pensioned Revolutionary Vandeventer, William L., 136, 137; obit., War veterans, 262 188 —1846, declared war with Mexico ex­ Vanlandingham, John H., 195 isted, 237 Van Ravenswaay, Charles, 89, 295, 382; —1847 (?), land given to Mexican War arts, by, listed, 220, 413 veterans, 245; soldiers' pay raised, Van Rensselaer Academy and High 245: created post route to Santa Fe School, art. on, noted, 202 —1851, Kansas-Nebraska debate, 223 Vaughn, Leonard, 89 —1852, Kansas-Nebraska debate, 224 Veatch, J. C, 89 —1853, established government in Ter­ Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes. ritory of Nebraska, 224 .See La Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier de —1854, passed Kansas-Nebraska Act, Varennes 225 Vernon, Mrs. Ann (Atchley), 111 —1945, Chain of Rocks Canal and Vernon, E. L., art. by, quoted, 110-11 Locks authorized, 94 Vernon, Miles, art. on, quoted, 110-11 —1952, appropriated $55,000 for Car­ Vernon County, named, 110-11 ver memorial, 85 Vetsburg, Karl M., obit., 210 U. S. Constitution, 120, 122; Bricker pro­ Victoria, queen of England, 155 posed amendment to, 307, 321-22 Victory Rode the Rails, by George Edgar U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 101, 322 Turner, 399 U. S. Dept. of Foreign Affairs, created, "View of Weston, Missouri," Beller paint­ 120; first secretary of, 120, 122 ing, loaned, 88, 93; noted, 282 U. S. Dept. of State, organized, 122 Viles, Jonas, quoted, 62-63 U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 247 n. Villa, Pancho, 367 U. S. JfO; Cross Section of the United States, Vogelschieszen, 48 by George R. Stewart, 103 Volker, William, 114 U. S. Highway 40, book on, 103 Volkmann, Alfred Henry, obit., 210 U. S. Highway 24, 135 Vonderschmidt, Lester A., obit., 403 U. S. land office, Franklin, 59 Von Humbolt, Alexander, portrait of, U. S. land policy, 181 noted, 282 U. S. Library of Congress, 11 n.; collec­ Von Phul, Anna Maria, art. on, listed, 413 tions of, 198 Von Schuschnigg, Kurt, 194 U. S. National Archives, 11 n., 301 "Voyageur Songs of the Missouri," art. U. S. National Park Service, 84-85, 198 listed, 413 U. S. treaty with Canada on migratory waterfowl, 1916, 321 W U. S. War Dept., 11 n. University of California, Mark Twain Wabaunsee, Kan., organized, 230 papers, 197 Waddell, James Oscar, obit., 315 University of Kansas, first yearbook of, Waddill, George W., thesis by, 85 114 Wagenblast, — (farmer, 1855, on Platte University of Kansas City, thesis of, 1951- River), 26, 32, 35 1952, 86; library of, 113-14 Wahrnring, — (army officer), 39 University of Michigan, 93; gave hono­ Wakefield, John A., 235 rary degree, 295 Wales, Prince of, 154, 155-56 (illus.) University of Missouri, degree to Isidor Walker, Jesse, 250, 258 Loeb, 1933, 82; theses of, 1951-1952, Walker, L. M., art. on, 217-18 440 Missouri Historical Review

Wallace, Marquess, 83, 84, 192 Werner, Charles H., obit., 210 Waller, Alvin F., 350-51 Wesley, John, 195 Wallhausen, Art L., 390 West, books on, 102, 206 Walser, George Henry, art. on, noted, 396 West Point, N. Y., 366 Walsh, Edward, 88 West Tennessee Historical Society, 391 Walsh, Jerome, verso t.p. Jan. issue; Western Engineer (steamboat), 82 donor, 88 Weston, Mo., painting of, noted, 88, 93, Walther, C. F. W., 101 282; proslavery meeting in, 1854, 231- War of 1812, 19; Cole County, 166; Saline 32, 234; "Law and Order" meeting, County, 168, 170; St. Charles County, 1854, 232-33; townsite company 250, 251, 259-61; forts in, 260 (map); formed, 1854, 241 n., 244 n. art. on, in Lincoln County, noted, 308 Westport, Mo., proslavery meeting in, Ward, John, 70 1854, 231; Harris home, picture of, Warren, David M., gift of life member­ noted, 300; brass band, 330 ships, 140, 197 Westport, Battle of, art. on, noted, 98; Warren County, book on, 204 monument, 98, 196, 301 Warsaw, Mo., on Butterfield Overland Westport Frontier News, quoted, 331 Mail route, 296 Westport Road, art. on, noted, 306 Washington, Booker T., 280; Memorial "Westward March of America," De Institute, 85 Maris painting, noted, 283; art. on, 324; Washington, George, 274; quoted, 3; and (illus.) cover of Apr. issue free navigation of the Mississippi, 4; Wetherell, Gene W., 381 oath of office administered to, 120, 122; Wetmore, Alphonso, 15 offered Livingston ambassadorship to Wheel, — (captain), 142 France, 122; family portrait, 198; Na­ Wheelan, John B., obit., 106 tional Monument, Va., 198; picture of, Wheeler, Henry M., 97 noted, 300 Wheeler, W. W., 193 Washington, D. C, National Gallery, Wherritt, Alan F., 104 198; Young Democratic Club, 385 Whiskey frauds, St. Louis, 319 Washington, Mo., 70 Whiskey Rebellion, in Pa., 274 Washington County, arts, on, noted, 99; White, C. H., 384 lead-zinc ore found in, 393 White, Jefferson G., 92 Washington Territory, immigrants to, White, L. M. (Mitch), 83, 295; officer, 1855, 23-41, 141-53 (illus.) 136; art. by, quoted, 211-12 Washington University, 92nd commence­ White, Robert M., II, 83 ment, 81-82; thesis of, 1951-1952, 86; Whitesides, William, 259 founder of, 195-96; Wohl gift to, 302, Whitfield, J. W., 235 386 Whitley, Matt, 405 Washingtonians, 262 Whitman, Marcus, National Monument, Watching the Cargo," Bingham paint­ Wash., 198 ing, loaned, 88, 93; noted, 282 Whittaker, Alfred H., art. by, listed, 116 Waters, Mrs. Anna, art. on, noted, 305 Whittemore, Margaret, art. by, quoted, Watkins, Waltus L., mill, 192 (illus.), 114 art. on, noted, 201; farm proposed as Whitten, Frederick Easton, thesis by, 86 state park, 383 Whitton, Rex M., 378, 379 Watkins family, 192 "Who Was This Missouri Engineer and Watson, A. J., 265 Builder?," 277-79 (illus.) Watters, T. Ballard, 384; officer, 137 "Wie soil ich Dich Empfangen" (song), Watts Mill, picture of, noted, 300 146 Wautauga Association, 201 Wilbur, James H., 350-51 Waverly, Mo., hemp market, 52 Wilder, Daniel W., quoted, 330 Way, Frederick, Jr., "She Takes the Wiley, Herbert V., obit., 403 Horns," 400 Wilhite, Catherine. See Gist, Mrs. Cath­ Wayne, Anthony, 255 erine (Wilhite) Wayne County, Ind., immigration from, Wilhoit, Wayland, 191 to Kan., 1855, 327 Wilkinson, James, 10, 13, 258 Weatherford, Robert P., Jr., 83 Willamette University, Ore., 351 n. Webb, W. L., 214 Willapa Valley, Ore., 24, 31, 142-46 Webbe, Anthony M., obit., 106 William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Weber, John H., 260 44, 97 Webster, Daniel, 384 Williams, Mrs. J. E., verso t.p. Apr. issue Webster County, origin of name, 384; ap- Williams, John F., obit., 106 proaching centennial, 384 Williams, Justinian, 69 Webster County Historical Society, 90, Williams, L. D., 189 193-94, 383-84 Williams, Marcia, verso t.p. Oct. issue, Webster Groves, Mo., Edgewood Chil­ 251 dren's Center, thesis on, 86 Williams, Marian E., verso t.p. July issue Weeks, Raymond, obit., 315 Williams, Roy D., officer, 136, 137; Wees, Joseph, 263 speaker, 382 Wegener, William E., art. by, listed, 413 Williams, Walter, 42 Wemmann, Rudolph J., art. by, listed, Williams family, art. on, 96; book on, 323 noted, 389 Weise, Jaques, 28, 142 Williamson, Hugh P., art. by, quoted, Welch, Leslie, 43 112-13, noted, 306 Willson, George C, 387-88 Welles, Edward Randolph, 196 Wilson, Frank, 4,11 Wellman Expedition, 300 Wilson, George P. (co-auth.), Down in Wells, — (farmer near Weston), 322 the Holler, 204 Wells, William Hill, 128 Wilson, Harry Leon, 369 Wells, Fargo and Co., 372 Wilson, Robert Patterson Clark, obit., Welsh in Mo., art. on, noted, 304 106 Index 441

Wilson's Creek, Battle of, 56; art. on, 50-52 (illus.), noted, 98 Yale University Press, 11 n. Wilson's Creek Battlefield Foundation, 98 Yankee Town. See Lawrence, Kan. Windell, Mrs. Marie (George), 181 Yeakey, James C, obit., 315 Windsor, Mo., Steele's Studio, 299; First Yeats, Alexander, 412 Baptist Church, 299 Yeats, Thomas D., letter from, quoted, Winkler, John A., 87 412-13 Wire Road, arts, on, listed, 414 Young, Brigham, 346-47, 371 Wirth, Conrad, 85 Young, Samuel A., 327, 335 Wisconsin, celebrated Draper centennial, Younger, Cole, 97 198 Younger family, pictures of, noted, 310 Wisconsin, State Historical Society of, 198 Yount, Thomas H., obit., 210 Withers, Border Ruffian, 334 Yuma Indian Reservation, Calif., 247 n. Withers, George W., 334, 336 Withers, Robert S., art. by, quoted, 108 Withers, Mrs. Robert S., 189, 383 Wittke, Carl, Refugees of Revolution, 206; Ziegler-Baldwin Expedition, 300 Zimmer, Arthur W., verso t.p. July issue quoted, 352 Zion on the Mississippi, by Walter O. Wofford, Mrs. Charles E., verso t.p. Oct. Forster, 101 issue Zolg, Mrs. M. A., donor, 301 Wohl, David P., Sr., philanthropies, 302, Zornow, William Frank, art. by, listed, 386, 404; given awards, 386, 404; Foun­ 220 dation, 386; art. on, quoted, 404 Zumwalt, Adam, 249, 250-63, 341 Wohl, Mrs. David P., Sr., gift, 302 Zumwalt, Andrew (son of Adam), 259, Wohl, David P., Jr., Memorial Hospital, 261, 262, 342-43, 350 302, 386 Zumwalt, Andrew, Sr., 249, 250, 252 Wolff, Christopher W., 147, 153 Zumwalt, Andrew, Jr., 252, 256 Wolff, Mrs. Oscar H. J., obit., 106 Zumwalt, Ardelia, 342 Wolle, Muriel Sibell, The Bonanza Trail, Zumwalt, Balser, 252 206 Zumwalt, Catherine, Sr., 252 Wood, Dean, 196 Zumwalt, Catherine, Jr., 259 Wood, T. W., 336 Zumwalt, Charles W., 342 Woods, — (pioneer, St. Charles County), Zumwalt, Christopher, 249, 250-52, 256, 258 257 Zumwalt, Elizabeth, Sr., 252 Woods, Mrs. Anne (Bittick), 293 Zumwalt, Elizabeth, Jr. See McCabe, Woods, Charles Lewis, obit., 293, 315 Mrs. Elizabeth (Zumwalt) Woods, Mrs. Charles Lewis, 293 Zumwalt, George, 252 Woods, Weightstill, donor, 92 Zumwalt, Henry, 252 Woodside, L. B., 213 Zumwalt, Jackson, 342, 344, 345, 347, Woodson, Daniel, 339 349 Woodson, S. M., 335 Zumwalt, Jacob, 249-52, 257, 341; farm, Woodward, Frank L., 114, 193 391-92 Woodward, Mrs. Frank L., 114 Zumwalt, James R., 342 Woolsey, Nehemiah, 175 Zumwalt, John, Sr., 252, 253 Woolsey, Noah, 175 Zumwalt, John, Jr., 259, 350 Worcester, Mass., public meeting in, Zumwalt, Jonathan, 259, 341-43 Zumwalt, Louisa, 342 1854, 226 Zumwalt, Lucinda, 342 World War I, 367 Zumwalt, Martha, 342 World War II, art propaganda, 282; Zumwalt, Mary, 252 memorial, 392 Zumwalt, Mrs. Mary (Rodes), 256, 261, Wrench, Jesse E., 92, 196-97; art. on, 262, 263, 341-42 noted, 199; archaeological survey of, Zumwalt, Mary Ann, 259 Zumwalt, Mary C, 342 382 Zumwalt, Missouria A., 342 Wright, A. L., obit., 315 Zumwalt, Mrs. Nancy (Groce), 342, 351 Wright, Carroll, obit., 315 Zumwalt, Nancy M., 342 Wright, Frank L., obit., 210 Zumwalt, Rachel, Sr., 259 Wright, Harry E., 307 Zumwalt, Rachel, Jr., 342 Wright, Mildred A., obit., 403 Zumwalt, Sara F., 342 Wyden, Peter, art. by, noted, 100 Zumwalt, Solomon, manuscript of, 249- Wyeth, W. M., 193 63, 341-51 Wymore, Bird, and Co., Liberty, 54 Zumwalt, Tolaver L., 342, 346 Wyoming, part of, in La. Pur., 20 Zumwalt family, art. on, 249-63, 341-51

(^Missouri Historical

Floyd Q* Shoemaker, Editor

**$&&»

Volume XLVHl

October 1953—July 1954

Published by State Historical Society of zJXCissouri Columbia, Missouri 1954- Contributors

WILLIAM G. BEK, deceased. Former dean of the College of Science, Literature and Arts, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota. LELA COLE, teacher in Laclede County.

EUGENIA LEARNED JAMES, a specialist in heraldic art. VIVIAN K. MCLARTY, copy editor of the Review. CHARLES NUTTER, managing director of International House, New Orleans, La. C. TERENCE PIHLBLAD, professor of sociology on leave from the University of Missouri. RUBY MATSON ROBINS, research associate, State Historical Society of Missouri. FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, secretary of the State Historical Society of Missouri

Contents Page ANNUAL MEETING OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, 1953. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 134 BUILDER, A Verso back cover Apr. issue EARLY TIE INDUSTRY ALONG THE NIANGUA RIVER, THE. By Lela Cole... . 264

FROM BETHEL, MISSOURI, TO AURORA, OREGON: Letters of William Keil, 1855—1870. Parts I and II. Translated by William G. Bek 23, 141 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 71, 181, 282, 373 LETTERS OF WILLIAM H. H. GIST. A Volunteer from Weston, Missouri, in the War with Mexico. Edited by Vivian K. McLarty 237 LOUISIANA PURCHASE, 1803, AND THE TRANSFER OF UPPER LOUISIANA TO THE UNITED STATES, 1804, THE. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 1 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 107, 211, 316, 404

MISSOURI READER. AMERICANS IN THE VALLEY. Parts XIII and XIV. Edited by Ruby Matson Robins 59, 166 MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855, Parts I and II. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 221, 325 ONE PERSON'S MEMBERSHIP DRIVE Verso back cover Oct. issue RARE BOOK COLLECTION BEARS HIS NAME, THE. . . .Verso back cover July issue

REMARKS ON SENATOR ALLEN MCREYNOLDS AND THE BINGHAM PORTRAIT OF THOMAS JEFFERSON. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 42 ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, THE FORGOTTEN ARCHITECT OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. By Charles Nutter 117

SWEDISH IMMIGRANT LETTERS TO DALLAS COUNTY. Edited by C. Terence Pihlblad 352 "THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY." By Floyd C. Shoemaker AS, 154, 273, 365

THREE GENERATIONS IN THE SPAN OF A CONTINENT. THE ZUMWALT FAMILY. Parts I and II. Introduction by Eugenia Learned James. Edited by Mrs. James and Vivian K. McLarty 249, 341 Illustrations Page The Strange Funeral Procession of Willie Keil. October, 1953, cover design Map of the United States Showing the Louisiana Purchase. January, 1954, cover design Westward March of America. April, 1954, cover design Missourians Going to Kansas to Vote. July, 1954, cover design Thomas Jefferson, a Statue 3 The First Consul, 1803 5 The Signing of the Treaty 8 Carlos Dehault Delassus 11 Raising the American Flag at St. Louis, March 10, 1804 13 William Keil 23 Bethel, Missouri 25 "I Blowed My Trumpet for the Advance, Willie Goes before" 28 Allen McReynolds 42 Thomas Jefferson 44 "This Week in Missouri History 46, 154, 273, 365 Shooting for the Beef 47 Calamity Jane Posed for Her Picture in Western Costume in 1876 49 General Personally Led His Troops Into Battle 51 At the Rope Walk 53 In the Village School 55 Behind Hemp Bale Barricades, Price's Soldiers Moved up the Hill 57 The First Steamboat on the Missouri 61 A Home on the Missouri 64 The Pioneer 65 The Ranger 67 Bust of George Washington Carver 84 Mrs. Lerton V. Dawson Verso back cover, Oct. issue The Transfer of the Louisiana Territory in Jackson Square 118 Robert R. Livingston 119 James Monroe 128 The Marquis de Barbe-Marbois 130 The Signing of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty 131 Fort Osage Marker, Side 1 135 Fort Osage Marker, Side 2 135 Sketches from Bingham Scrapbook 139 "What Intuition Now?" A Fitzpatrick Cartoon 139 William Keil in Later Years 148 William Keil's Grave in Family Cemetery at Aurora, Ore 153 The Young Prince of Wales Charmed Missourians in 1860 155 A Trip to the Mill for the Winter's Supply of Cornmeal 156 Dipping Candles Was a Wearisome Task 158 Cherokee Indians Followed a Long Overland Trail Across Missouri 160 This Shot Tower Was Operating at St. Louis before Civil War 162 A Missouri Volunteer in the Mexican War 164 Sibley's Trading House at Arrow Rock 168 Page A Section of the Rolla Mural 190 The Waltus Watkins Mill 192 Isidor Loeb Verso back cover, Jan. issue Willard P. Hall 223 Eli Thayer 226 The Gillis House 229 A Northern Artist's Version of a Missourian's "Cabin" in Kansas 230 B. F. Stringfellow 232 David R. Atchison 234 Fort Marcy and the Parroquia, Santa Fe 239 Don Fernando de Taos 242 Fort Zumwalt as It Appears Today 250 Fort Zumwalt as It Appeared in Early Days 251 Map Showing Early Forts in the Missouri-Mississippi River Area 260 Tie Raft below Mill Dam, Camden County 268 Old Bagnell Tie Yard 269 Tie Chute at Arnhold's Mill Dam 270 Bagnell Tie Yard before the Dam Was Built 271 His Exploratory Expedition to the Pacific Made Him a Hero 274 Their Indian Guide Points the Way to the Pacific 275 This Missourian Built the "Queen of Bridges" across the Mississippi 277 The First Bridge at St. Louis 278 His Scientific Studies of Plants Helped Make a New Farm Economy 279 Professor Carver's First Laboratory 280 Independence Courthouse (1840's?) 296 William Neil Southern, Jr Verso back cover, Apr. issue Daniel Boone and His Friends Rescuing His Daughter Jemima Outside back cover, Apr. issue Preemption House, Lawrence, Kan., Where Missourians Voted 327 Andrew H. Reeder 328 Shawnee Mission 325 William B. Napton 336 Shawnee Manual Labor School 33S Pioneers near Independence Rock on the Sweetwater 344 Valley of the Great Sale Lake from Little Mountain 345 Emigrants at Union Station, St. Louis, 1879 356 His Boyhood Home in Laclede 366 His West Point Exams Led to the Nation's Highest Military Post 367 This Ozark Artist Found Fame and Fortune in Making Character Dolls. .. . 368 Then They Sang a Kewpie Lullaby for the Mouse-baby 369 His Control of State Lines Made Him Stagecoach King 370 Departure of the Mail from Independence 371 J. Christian Bay Verso back cover, July issue The Women of Bryant's Station Ky., Supplying the Garrison with Water. . . Outside back cover, July issue

THE RARE BOOK COLLECTION BEARS HIS NAME Dr. J. Christian Bay, librarian-emeritus of the John Crerar Library in Chicago and distinguished bibliophile, collector, and author, is the person who created the magnificent collection of Middle Western Americana, named in his honor, which is now the property of the State Historical So­ J. Christian Bay ciety of Missouri. Dr. Bay spent forty years in bringing together the 2,987 items in the original collection, which is a veritable treasure trove of books fundamental in the history and literature of the "Middle Border," the five states of the old Northwest Territory and the five states of Kentucky, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. Many of the volumes which he purchased for little are now rare and almost unobtainable. This unusual collection is rivaled by only one other com­ parable collection in its field, that of the late Edward E. Ayer, which is in the Newberry Library in Chicago. In 1941 Dr. Bay sold his collection of Middle Western Americana to the Society for just what the individual books had cost him, exclusive of labor and time spent by him in assembling the material and in personally binding some of it. Since that time the Society has, by judicious selection, added other rare and unusual volumes until at the present time it numbers 4,050 items and is currently valued at $150,000. The J. Christian Bay Collection is housed in a specially designed rare book room in connection with the Society's quarters. Dr. Bay, an honorary member of the Society since 1942, has made a number of gift contributions to the original collection since its acquisition by the Society. - ,.- .

The Women of Bryant's Station, Ky., Supplying the Garrison with Water

On August 14, 1782, Kentucky's "year of blood," Bryan's or Bryant's Station as it was sometimes called, five miles northeast of Lexington, was surrounded by 600 Indians of various tribes, headed by Simon Girty, a renegade white who had allied himself with the Indians. The garrison of forty to fifty men and their families were dependent for water on a spring northwest of the fort and when their supply ran out and it was neces­ sary to replenish it, it was decided to send the women of the fort to the spring in order to keep the Indians from suspecting that the whites knew of their ambuscade. The ruse succeeded as the Indians did not wish to reveal their position to kill a few women, and the garrison was able to hold the fort. This colored lithograph is the second of a series entitled "Heroic Deeds of Former Times" by the German artist, Georg Wilhelm Fasel, executed about 1851. The first of the series appeared on the back cover of the April, 1954, Review and others of equal interest will be reproduced in ensuing issues.