DOCSLIB.ORG

“We Cleared the Land with Our Own Hands”: Space and Place in African American Community Building and Freedom Struggles in the Missouri Bootheel, 1890-1968

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“We Cleared the Land with Our Own Hands”: Space and Place in African American Community Building and Freedom Struggles in the Missouri Bootheel, 1890-1968 “WE CLEARED THE LAND WITH OUR OWN HANDS”: SPACE AND PLACE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY BUILDING AND FREEDOM STRUGGLES IN THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL, 1890-1968 BY HEIDI L. DODSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Clarence E. Lang, Chair Professor Orville Vernon Burton Associate Professor Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua Associate Professor Rebecca Ginsburg Professor David R. Roediger ii ABSTRACT Scholarship on African American community building and Black freedom struggles has demonstrated the centrality of the Black working class to social, political, and economic transformations in the twentieth-century rural South. Yet, our understanding of how African Americans actively engaged in power struggles over space, and the nature of struggle in the Border South, has been under-analyzed. This dissertation looks at the significance of space and place to African American life in the Missouri Bootheel, or Missouri Delta, during the region’s metamorphosis from a sparsely populated region of lowland swamps, to an agricultural “Promised Land” that included vast fields of cotton farmed by sharecroppers. It explores the ways in which African Americans acted as central agents in this transformation through their labor in the forests and fields, their planning visions, politics and their influence on the built environment through institution, neighborhood and town-building. White supremacy was embedded in the region’s social and economic fabric, but its power was not absolute. This dissertation argues that African Americans used the instability of key periods of social and economic change and the relative fluidity and unpredictability of race relations in a Border South region to push for access to rural industrial jobs, public space, land, schools and housing. African Americans’ strategies for community building and activism varied, but their establishment of Black institutions and rural Black towns and enclaves, independent of plantation space, was central to struggles in these arenas. Periods of intense social struggle over space included Black migration during the 1910 and 1920s, the New Deal, and the transition from sharecropping to day labor from the 1930s through the 1950s. iii To friends and family. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing this dissertation has been a long, often arduous journey, and I never would have gotten this far if it had not been for the support of many individuals and institutions. First, I would like to thank my parents, brother, and extended family for their encouragement along the way. My parents, Phil and Martha Dodson, have always emphasized the importance of education, although they probably did not anticipate I would be in school this long! As high school teachers who have been tirelessly committed to education in and out of the classroom, they are inspiring examples of how individuals can make a difference in people’s lives. I frequently used their home as a base for my research, and they never complained that I often had my nose in a book. The friendships I formed in graduate school were also invaluable, providing emotional and intellectual sustenance. I enjoyed stimulating intellectual discussions and fun times with Stephanie Seawell-Fortado, Kerry Pimblott, Ashley Howard, Dave Bates, Alonzo Ward, Zach Poppel, David Greenstein, Rachel Koroloff, Jay Jordan, Simon Appleford, Troy Smith, Robin Smith, Derek Attig, and many others. Thanks especially to David, who powered through prelims with me and was the consummate host of many backyard gatherings filled with darts, libations, and delicious grilled food. I was very lucky to have Stephanie Seawell-Fortado as a roommate, and I cannot think of a better person with whom I could have shared books, classes, pancakes, and television murder mysteries. Poker games with Troy and Robin Smith, Ian Hartman, Stephanie, Jay, and Simon also helped preserve my sanity. In Chapel Hill, Anna Krome-Lukens invited me to writing groups and other events, easing the isolation of writing away from my home institution. My decision to pursue a Ph.D. in history was the culmination of years of diverse v professional and personal experiences. My time working as a reference archivist at the Amistad Research Center in New Orleans helped me realize that I wanted to embark on my own project, and that I wanted learn more about history so I could be a better interpreter to the public. When I was a librarian at the University of Virginia, I was fortunate to have two supervisors, Carol Hunter and Carla Lee, who encouraged my professional development and provided scheduling flexibility so I could take two graduate classes in history. The excellent courses I took from Dr. Phyllis Leffler and Dr. Olivier Zunz confirmed my decision to pursue an advanced degree. My education at the University of Illinois would not have been possible without the encouragement of Dr. Vernon Burton. When I contacted him about my interest in the history program, he responded immediately and enthusiastically, which is why I chose the University of Illinois for my graduate career. He has been a wonderful mentor from that point forward. Two other aspects of graduate life at Illinois changed my life in significant ways, expanding my worldview and redefining my values. One was the coursework I took with faculty. In particular, the time I spent in classes taught by Clarence Lang, Sundiata Cha-Jua, Rebecca Ginsburg, and David Roediger challenged and inspired me. My experience organizing with the Graduate Employee Organization (GEO) provided an invaluable education about labor issues. The solidarity I experienced working with other GEO members as we fought for fair working conditions will always stay with me. I was fortunate to receive financial support from many sources, including the History Department, Graduate College, Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities (IPRH), Human Dimensions of Environmental Systems (HDES), Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), Washington University Special Collections and Archives, University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS), Maryland Institute for vi Technology in the Humanities (MITH), and State Historical Society of Missouri. Organizations that provided travel grants for conferences include the Vernacular Architecture Forum, Social Science History Association, and the St. George Tucker Society. In 2012, I received a summer research fellowship that allowed me to participate in Mark Schulz and Adrienne Petty’s oral history project, “Breaking New Ground: A History of African American Farm Owners Since the Civil War.” Conducting interview for that project was the highlight of my time as a graduate student. Staff in the History Department, including Tom Bedwell, Jan Langendorf, Elaine Sampson, and Shannon Croft, have been essential to navigating the murky waters of graduate funding and university bureaucracy. My current employer, Linda Bourne, has always been flexible with regard to my work schedule, so I could take time off to do research and attend conferences. I also could not have completed my research without the assistance of librarians, archivists, historians, and staff at the State Historical Society of Missouri, Missouri State Archives, Southeast Missouri State University Special Collections and Archives, National Archives, Library of Congress, New Madrid Public Library, and courthouses in Pemiscot, New Madrid, Mississippi, Scott, and Stoddard counties. Dr. Gary Kremer at the State Historical Society of Missouri took time to talk to me about my research even before I entered graduate school. Sonya Rooney and Miranda Rectenwald were very helpful when I spent several weeks researching the Delmo Housing Corporation in the University Archives at Washington University in St. Louis. I would especially like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Frank Nickell at Southeast Missouri State University. His knowledge of the Bootheel is inexhaustible, and on many occasions he directed me towards important sources and shared contact information for many of the people that I interviewed. vii I cannot express enough gratitude to the individuals who took the time to sit with me and answer my questions about their experiences growing up in the Bootheel. Several people, including Vanessa Frazier, L. H. Brown, Harriet Crenshaw, Jacquelyn Faucette, Adrienne Hunter, and members of the Robinson family took me around the communities they knew and shared memories of different places and spaces. Alex Cooper, Aretha Robinson, Twan Robinson, and Eugene Speller had the patience to let me interview them twice. James Walker invited me to a Wyatt reunion and introduced me to many people. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my advisor, Clarence Lang, and committee members, Vernon Burton, Sundiata Cha-Jua, Rebecca Ginsburg, and David Roediger. They have taken the time to critically read my writing, make invaluable suggestions for improvement, and encourage me over the course of many years. There are times when I become cynical and a despondent about the direction in which academia is moving, but then I think of the people I have been lucky enough to work with, and learn from, and I remain hopeful for the future. My committee members are role models for the type of historian I aspire to be, for they are not only exceptional scholars, but they
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Populism: a Puzzle Without (And For) World- Systems Analysis Leslie C
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Open Repository @Binghamton (The ORB) Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) Sociology Faculty Scholarship Sociology 2018 Populism: A Puzzle Without (and for) World- Systems Analysis Leslie C. Gates Binghamton University--SUNY, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://orb.binghamton.edu/sociology_fac Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Gates, Leslie C., "Populism: A Puzzle Without (and for) World-Systems Analysis" (2018). Sociology Faculty Scholarship. 6. https://orb.binghamton.edu/sociology_fac/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology at The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. 24 Issue 2 | DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2018.849 | jwsr.pitt.edu SYMPOSIUM: POPULISMS IN THE W ORLD-SYSTEM Populism: A Puzzle Without (and for) World-Systems Analysis Leslie Gates Binghamton University [email protected] Abstract This essay shows how world-systems analysis provides a more rigorous explanation for the recent rise of disparate populisms, countering negative stereotypes of mainstream accounts that obscure how formative populist leaders emerged from authentic progressive movements which challenged capitalists. Existing analyses have also failed to specify the varied economic projects of populists, their likely social bases and their relationships to world markets. The essay recommends relational comparisons of populists to unravel populism’s puzzles and advance world-systems analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • (Elwood Meredith) Beck, Jr. Spring 2011
    E.M. (Elwood Meredith) Beck, Jr. Spring 2011 RANK/POSITION Professor Emeritus of Sociology Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus OFFICE Department of Sociology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-1611 Phone: 1.706.542.2421 FAX: 1.706.542.4320 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://uga.edu/soc/people/faculty/beck_em.php RESIDENCE 512 Ashbrook Court Athens, Georgia 30605-3986 Phone: 1.706.546.5857 MARITAL STATUS Married to Virginia H. Davis-Beck. EDUCATION 1968 B.A. (American History), University of Alabama, Senior Paper: “Effects of Industrialization on Political Behavior in Southern Cities: A Case Study of Birmingham, Alabama, 1900 to 1920.” 1969 M.A. (Sociology), University of Tennessee, Master’s Thesis: “Organizational Determinants of Social Conflict. The Development and Testing of a Model for the Public School.” 1972 Ph.D. (Sociology), University of Tennessee, Doctoral Thesis: “A Study of Rural Industrial Development and Occupational Mobility.” AREAS OF • Race Discrimination and Racial Violence • Poverty and Inequality INTEREST • Sociology of the American South • Quantitative Methodology and Statistics; Simultaneous Equations Models; Bayesian Estimation and Inference PROFESSIONAL • American Sociological Association • Southern Sociological Society MEMBERSHIPS • Southern Historical Association • International Sociological Association • International Association for the Study of Racism • Mid-South Sociological Association • Georgia Sociological Association Experience 1966 Research Intern, Oak Ridge Associated Universities.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Oral History Collections in Missouri
    Guide to Oral History Collections in Missouri. Compiled and Edited by David E. Richards Special Collections & Archives Department Duane G. Meyer Library Missouri State University Springfield, Missouri Last updated: September 16, 2012 This guide was made possible through a grant from the Richard S. Brownlee Fund from the State Historical Society of Missouri and support from Missouri State University. Introduction Missouri has a wealth of oral history recordings that document the rich and diverse population of the state. Beginning around 1976, libraries, archives, individual researchers, and local historical societies initiated oral history projects and began recording interviews on audio cassettes. The efforts continued into the 1980s. By 2000, digital recorders began replacing audio cassettes and collections continued to grow where staff, time, and funding permitted. As with other states, oral history projects were easily started, but transcription and indexing efforts generally lagged behind. Hundreds of recordings existed for dozens of discreet projects, but access to the recordings was lacking or insufficient. Larger institutions had the means to transcribe, index, and catalog their oral history materials, but smaller operations sometimes had limited access to their holdings. Access was mixed, and still is. This guide attempts to aggregate nearly all oral history holdings within the state and provide at least basic, minimal access to holdings from the largest academic repository to the smallest county historical society. The effort to provide a guide to the oral history collections of Missouri started in 2002 with a Brownlee Fund Grant from the State Historical Society of Missouri. That initial grant provided the seed money to create and send out a mail-in survey.
    [Show full text]
  • African American Lives
    Civil War Book Review Fall 2004 Article 5 African American Lives Erica L. Ball Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Ball, Erica L. (2004) "African American Lives," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 6 : Iss. 4 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol6/iss4/5 Ball: African American Lives Review Ball, Erica L. Fall 2004 Gates, Henry Louis Jr., Editor and Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, Editor. African American Lives. Oxford University Press, $55.00 ISBN 019516024X 611 voices Fleshing out historical figures The scholarly literature on African American history has grown dramatically since the 1982 publication of Rayford Logan and Michl Winston's Dictionary of American Negro Biography. Since that time, scholars have drawn upon unexamined primary sources, applied new methodologies to old questions, and published a wealth of monographs and syntheses that both complicate and expand our understanding of the experiences, history, and influences of Africans and their American-born descendants. The editors of African American Lives, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, make the most of the scholarly developments of the last two decades. These two respected and distinguished scholars have combined their expertise with those of the fellows at Harvard University's W.E.B. DuBois Institute for African and African American Research, and the editors of Oxford University Press to create a thorough and engaging reference work. African American Lives includes 611 alphabetically organized biographies ranging from the sixteenth century to the present day. They include the experiences of the most well known black Americans, the life histories of the once-famous and now-forgotten, and a number of ordinary people, whose lives of distinction shaped the contours and content of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Callaway County, Missouri During the Civil War a Thesis Presented to the Department of Humanities
    THE KINGDOM OF CALLAWAY: CALLAWAY COUNTY, MISSOURI DURING THE CIVIL WAR A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS By ANDREW M. SAEGER NORTHWEST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY MARYVILLE, MISSOURI APRIL 2013 Kingdom of Callaway 1 Running Head: KINGDOM OF CALLAWAY The Kingdom of Callaway: Callaway County, Missouri During the Civil War Andrew M. Saeger Northwest Missouri State University THESIS APPROVED Thesis Advisor Date Dean of Graduate School Date Kingdom of Callaway 2 Abstract During the American Civil War, Callaway County, Missouri had strong sympathies for the Confederate States of America. As a rebellious region, Union forces occupied the county for much of the war, so local secessionists either stayed silent or faced arrest. After a tense, nonviolent interaction between a Federal regiment and a group of armed citizens from Callaway, a story grew about a Kingdom of Callaway. The legend of the Kingdom of Callaway is merely one characteristic of the curious history that makes Callaway County during the Civil War an intriguing study. Kingdom of Callaway 3 Introduction When Missouri chose not to secede from the United States at the beginning of the American Civil War, Callaway County chose its own path. The local Callawegians seceded from the state of Missouri and fashioned themselves into an independent nation they called the Kingdom of Callaway. Or so goes the popular legend. This makes a fascinating story, but Callaway County never seceded and never tried to form a sovereign kingdom. Although it is not as fantastic as some stories, the Civil War experience of Callaway County is a remarkable microcosm in the story of a sharply divided border state.
    [Show full text]
  • Negro Historiography with Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-1968 Negro Historiography With Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School Ella D. Lewis Douglas Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Douglas, Ella D. Lewis, "Negro Historiography With Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School" (1968). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 689. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/689 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEGROHISTORIOGRA PHY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON NEGROHISTORIANS OF THE NEWSCHOOL by Ella D. Lewis Douglas Report No. 1 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTEROF SCIENCE in Socia l Scie nc e Plan B UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan , Uta h 1968 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special attention is given here to the racial leaders of twenty years ago who spoke of developing race-pride an d stimulating race­ consciousness, and of the desirability of rac e solidarity. This report is a special tribute to them. The writer is also indebted to Dr s. G, S. Huxford and Douglas D. Alder for the courtesy and encourageme nt which they extended in the construct ing of this report. Ella D. Lewis Douglas TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii Chapter I.
    [Show full text]
  • Black History, 1877-1954
    THE BRITISH LIBRARY AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE: 1877-1954 A SELECTIVE GUIDE TO MATERIALS IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY BY JEAN KEMBLE THE ECCLES CENTRE FOR AMERICAN STUDIES AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE, 1877-1954 Contents Introduction Agriculture Art & Photography Civil Rights Crime and Punishment Demography Du Bois, W.E.B. Economics Education Entertainment – Film, Radio, Theatre Family Folklore Freemasonry Marcus Garvey General Great Depression/New Deal Great Migration Health & Medicine Historiography Ku Klux Klan Law Leadership Libraries Lynching & Violence Military NAACP National Urban League Philanthropy Politics Press Race Relations & ‘The Negro Question’ Religion Riots & Protests Sport Transport Tuskegee Institute Urban Life Booker T. Washington West Women Work & Unions World Wars States Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Bibliographies/Reference works Introduction Since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, African American history, once the preserve of a few dedicated individuals, has experienced an expansion unprecedented in historical research. The effect of this on-going, scholarly ‘explosion’, in which both black and white historians are actively engaged, is both manifold and wide-reaching for in illuminating myriad aspects of African American life and culture from the colonial period to the very recent past it is simultaneously, and inevitably, enriching our understanding of the entire fabric of American social, economic, cultural and political history. Perhaps not surprisingly the depth and breadth of coverage received by particular topics and time-periods has so far been uneven.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bald Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: a Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 "The aldB Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks." Matthew aJ mes Hernando Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hernando, Matthew James, ""The aldB Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks."" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3884. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3884 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE BALD KNOBBERS OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, 1885-1889: A STUDY OF VIGILANTE JUSTICE IN THE OZARKS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Matthew J. Hernando B.A., Evangel University, 2002 M.A., Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, 2003 M.A., Louisiana Tech University, 2005 May 2011 for my parents, James and Moira Hernando ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Anyone who completes a project of this nature quickly accumulates a list of both personal and professional debts so long that mentioning them all becomes impossible. The people mentioned here, therefore, do not constitute an exhaustive list of all the people who have helped me along the way towards completing this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFO RM A TIO N TO U SER S This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fromany type of con^uter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependentquality upon o fthe the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqjroper alignment can adverse^ afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one e3q)osure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogr^hs included inoriginal the manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direct^ to order. UMJ A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 LAWLESSNESS AND THE NEW DEAL; CONGRESS AND ANTILYNCHING LEGISLATION, 1934-1938 DISSERTATION presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robin Bernice Balthrope, A.B., J.D., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Conscience of a Black Conservative: the 1964 Election and the Rise of the National Negro Republican Assembly
    Conscience of a Black Conservative: The 1964 Election and the Rise of the National Negro Republican Assembly The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wright Rigueur, Leah. 2009. Conscience of a Black Conservative: The 1964 Election and the Rise of the National Negro Republican Assembly. Federal History Journal 1: 32-45. Published Version http://shfg.org/shfg/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/4-Wright-final- design-pp32-45.pdf Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24890953 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Federal History 2009 Wright Conscience of a Black Conservative: The 1964 Election and the Rise of the National Negro Republican Assembly 1 Leah M. Wright In the immediate aftermath of the election of 1964, no group was more visibly alienated by the candidacy of Barry Goldwater than the black electorate. Abandoning the Republican Party en masse, black voters cast 94 percent of their votes to Lyndon Johnson in the national election. The percentage was a stunning decrease from the 32 percent Richard Nixon received in his 1960 loss to John F. Kennedy, and the 39 percent that Dwight Eisenhower amassed during his 1956 re- election over Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson. 2 Black voters rejected Goldwater’s brand of poli - tics for many reasons, most notably the Arizona senator’s outspoken support for states’ rights and opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokee Trail of Tears in Missouri, 1837-1839
    NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMS No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Hlstorlc Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items x New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Cherokee Trail of Tears in Missouri, 1837-1839 B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) I. Benge Route of the Trail of Tears through Missouri, 1838 II. Northern Route of the Trail of Tears through Missouri, 1837 to 1839 C. Form Prepared by name/title Tiffany Patterson organization Missouri Division of State Parks date December 2013 street & number.:.-;..::...;....:::....:;.:..:.....;c..;.--:'-- P.O. Box 176 _ telephone 573-522-877~____ .. _ city or town Jefferson City state MO zip code 65102 e-mail Tiffany. [email protected] D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.
    [Show full text]
  • USC Dornsife in the News Archive - 2015
    USC Dornsife in the News Archive - 2015 December Wednesday, December 23, 2015 CBS News featured research presented by John Platt of USC Dornsife College to the American Geophysical Union that may explain mysterious fault lines. Platt said when two faults collide, they may merge like a zipper, instead of breaking past one another. "It may solve some long-standing and intractable problems concerning the timing and displacement on faults," he said. EdTech wrote about a $2.7 million U.S. Department of Education grant for a digital game project by Daphna Oyserman, Dean’s Professor of Psychology and professor of psychology, education and communication. Oyserman will work with the nonprofit McREL, game developer Filament Games, and the South Centeral Colorado Board of Cooperative Education Services to build and test the game based on Oyserman's "identity-based motivation" for teens. The Wall Street Journal ran an op-ed by Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics, about Sen. Lindsey Graham's decision to end his presidential campaign. Tuesday, December 22, 2015 The Nation highlighted research by Manuel Pastor, Turpanjian Chair in Civil Society and Social Change and professor of sociology and American studies and ethnicity, and colleagues on the economic impact of Prop. 13 in California. If Prop. 13 was reformed so that commercial and industrial properties were taxed at market rate, the state could generate between $8.2-10.2 billion. Pastor noted that Prop. 13 affects younger Californians - who are predominantly non-white - more than older, more established residents. Daily Mail featured research by Margaret Gatz, professor of psychology, gerontology and preventive medicine, and Andrew Petkus, a postdoctoral researcher in psychology, along with colleagues finding that long-term anxiety can increase the risk for dementia.
    [Show full text]