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Thirty-Sixth Congress March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861

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THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1859, TO MARCH 3, 1861 FIRST SESSION—December 5, 1859, to June 25, 1860 SECOND SESSION—December 3, 1860, to March 3, 1861 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1859, to March 10, 1859; June 26, 1860, to June 28, 1860 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, of Kentucky PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—BENJAMIN FITZPATRICK, 1 of Alabama; JESSE D. BRIGHT, 2 of Indiana; SOLOMON FOOTE, 3 of Vermont SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKENS, of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—DUNNING MCNAIR, of Pennsylvania SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—WILLIAM PENNINGTON, 4 of New Jersey CLERK OF THE HOUSE—JAMES C. ALLEN, of Illinois; JOHN W. FORNEY, 5 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—ADAM J. GLOSSBRENNER, of Pennsylvania; HENRY W. HOFFMAN, 6 of Maryland DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—GEORGE MARSTON, of New Hampshire 7 ALABAMA CALIFORNIA DELAWARE SENATORS SENATORS SENATORS Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 8 Wetumpka William M. Gwin, San Francisco James A. Bayard, Wilmington Clement C. Clay, Jr., 8 Huntsville David C. Broderick, 11 San Francisco Willard Saulsbury, Georgetown REPRESENTATIVES Henry P. Haun, 12 Marysville REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE 13 James A. Stallworth, 9 Evergreen Milton S. Latham, San Francisco William G. Whiteley, New Castle James L. Pugh, 9 Eufaula REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE 14 9 FLORIDA David Clopton, Tuskegee Charles L. Scott, Sonora 9 SENATORS Sydenham Moore, Greensboro Jno. C. Burch, Weaverville George S. Houston, 9 Athens Stephen R. Mallory, 15 Pensacola Williamson R. W. Cobb, 10 Bellefonte David Levy Yulee, 15 Homasassa 9 CONNECTICUT Jabez L. M. Curry, Talladega REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE SENATORS George S. Hawkins, 16 Pensacola ARKANSAS Lafayette S. Foster, Norwich 17 SENATORS James Dixon, Hartford GEORGIA SENATORS William K. Sebastian, Helena REPRESENTATIVES Robert W. Johnson, Pine Bluff 18 Dwight Loomis, Rockville Robert Toombs, Washington 19 REPRESENTATIVES John Woodruff, New Haven Alfred Iverson, Columbus Thomas C. Hindman, Helena Alfred A. Burnham, Windham REPRESENTATIVES Albert Rust, Little Rock Orris S. Ferry, Norwalk Peter E. Love, 20 Thomasville 1 Elected March 9, 1859 (special session); December 19, of the action. On the day following, the Vice President 13 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of David C. 1859; February 20, 1860; June 26, 1860, in special session. was directed to fill vacancies in the standing committees, Broderick, and took his seat March 5, 1860. 2 Elected June 12, 1860. and on January 24, 1861, the Vice President announced 14 Seceded from the Union January 11, 1861. 3 Elected February 16, 1861. the appointment of members to fill places upon the stand- 15 Withdrew January 21, 1861. 4 Elected February 1, 1860, upon the forty-fourth voice ing committees, including the assignments theretofore 16 Withdrew January 21, 1861. vote. 17 5 held by the Senators named. Seceded from the Union January 28, 1861. Elected February 3, 1860. 9 18 6 Presented a signed communication declaring his inten- Did not occupy his seat after February 4, 1861. Elected February 3, 1860. 19 7 Seceded from the Union January 11, 1861. tion, and withdrew January 21, 1861. Presented a signed communication declaring his inten- 10 8 On January 21, 1861, David Levy Yulee, Stephen R. Presented a signed communication declaring his inten- tion, and withdrew January 28, 1861. Mallory, Clement C. Clay, Jr., Benjamin Fitzpatrick, and tion, and withdrew January 30, 1861. 20 Joined with his colleagues in presenting a signed com- Jefferson Davis announced in the Senate their intention 11 Died September 16, 1859. munication declaring their intention, and withdrew Janu- to withdraw from the body, and they did withdraw. The 12 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of David ary 23, 1861. Senate Journal of this date makes no record or notice C. Broderick, and took his seat December 5, 1859. [ 158 ] THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS 159 Martin J. Crawford, 20 Columbus Lazarus W. Powell, Henderson James Buffinton, Fall River Thomas Hardeman, Jr., 20 Macon REPRESENTATIVES Charles F. Adams, Quincy 20 Lucius J. Gartrell, Atlanta Henry C. Burnett, Cadiz Alexander H. Rice, Boston 20 John W. H. Underwood, Rome Samuel O. Peyton, Hartford Anson Burlingame, Cambridge James Jackson, 20 Athens Francis N. Bristow, Elkton John B. Alley, Lynn Joshua Hill, 21 Madison William C. Anderson, 26 Danville Daniel W. Gooch, Melrose John J. Jones, 20 Waynesboro John Y. Brown, Elizabethtown Charles R. Train, Framingham ILLINOIS Green Adams, Barboursville Eli Thayer, Worcester Charles Delano, Northampton SENATORS Robert Mallory, La Grange William E. Simms, Paris Henry L. Dawes, North Adams Stephen A. Douglas, Chicago Lyman Trumbull, Alton Laban T. Moore, Louisa John W. Stevenson, Covington MICHIGAN REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS Elihu B. Washburne, Galena LOUISIANA 27 Zachariah Chandler, Detroit Jno. F. Farnsworth, Chicago SENATORS Kinsley S. Bingham, Kensington Owen Lovejoy, Princeton 28 William Kellogg, Canton Judah P. Benjamin, New Orleans REPRESENTATIVES 28 Isaac N. Morris, Quincy John Slidell, New Orleans George B. Cooper, 38 Jackson John A. McClernand, 22 Springfield REPRESENTATIVES William A. Howard, 39 Detroit James C. Robinson, Marshall John E. Bouligny, New Orleans Henry Waldon, Hillsdale Philip B. Fouke, Belleville Miles Taylor, 29 Donaldsonville Francis W. Kellogg, Grand Rapids John A. Logan, Benton Thomas G. Davidson, 30 Baton Rouge De Witt C. Leach, Lansing John M. Landrum, 31 Shreveport INDIANA MINNESOTA SENATORS MAINE SENATORS Jesse D. Bright, Jeffersonville SENATORS Henry M. Rice, St. Paul Graham N. Fitch, Logansport William Pitt Fessenden, Portland Morton S. Wilkinson, Mankato REPRESENTATIVES Hannibal Hamlin, 32 Hampden REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE William E. Niblack, Vincennes Lot M. Morrill, 33 Augusta William H. English, Lexington REPRESENTATIVES Cyrus Aldrich, Minneapolis William Windom, Winona W. McKee Dunn, Madison Daniel E. Somes, Biddeford William S. Holman, Lawrenceburg John J. Perry, Oxford David Kilgore, Muncietown MISSISSIPPI 40 Ezra B. French, Damariscotta Albert G. Porter, Indianapolis SENATORS Freeman H. Morse, Bath 41 John G. Davis, Rockville 34 Albert G. Brown, Terry James Wilson, Crawfordsville Israel Washburn, Jr., Orono 35 Jefferson Davis, 42 Hurricane Schuyler Colfax, South Bend Stephen Coburn, Skowhegan Charles Case, Fort Wayne Stephen C. Foster, Pembroke REPRESENTATIVES John U. Pettit, Wabash Lucius Q. C. Lamar, 43 Abbeville MARYLAND Reuben Davis, 41 Aberdeen IOWA SENATORS William Barksdale, 41 Columbus SENATORS James A. Pearce, Chestertown Otho R. Singleton, 41 Canton James Harlan, Mount Pleasant Anthony Kennedy, Baltimore John J. McRae, 41 State Line James W. Grimes, Burlington REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVES James A. Stewart, Cambridge MISSOURI Samuel R. Curtis, Keokuk Edwin H. Webster, Bel Air SENATORS Wm. Vandever, Dubuque J. Morrison Harris, 36 Baltimore James S. Green, Canton H. Winter Davis, 37 Baltimore Trusten Polk, St. Louis 23 KANSAS Jacob M. Kunkel, Frederick REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS George W. Hughes, West River J. R. Barret, 44 St. Louis Vacant 24 Francis P. Blair, Jr., 45 St. Louis REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE MASSACHUSETTS Thomas L. Anderson, Palmyra Martin F. Conway, 25 Lawrence SENATORS John B. Clark, Fayette Charles Sumner, Boston James Craig, St. Joseph KENTUCKY Henry Wilson, Natick Samuel H. Woodson, Independence SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES John S. Phelps, Springfield John J. Crittenden, Frankford Thomas D. Eliot, New Bedford Jno. W. Noell, Perryville 20 Joined with his colleagues in presenting a signed com- 29 Bade formal adieu and withdrew February 5, 1861. 39 Successfully contested the election of George B. Coo- munication declaring their intention, and withdrew Janu- 30 Did not occupy his seat after February 5, 1861. per, and took his seat May 15, 1860. ary 23, 1861. 31 Did not occupy his seat after February 5, 1861. 40 Seceded from the Union January 9, 1861. 21 Resigned January 23, 1861 (in written communication 32 Resigned effective January 17, 1861. 41 Withdrew January 12, 1861. 33 addressed to the Speaker). Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Han- 42 Withdrew January 21, 1861. 22 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Representa- nibal Hamlin, and took his seat January 17, 1861. 43 Retired in December, 1860; vacancy throughout the tive-elect Thomas L. Harris in preceding Congress, and 34 Resigned effective January 1, 1861. 35 remainder of Congress. took his seat December 5, 1859. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Israel 44 23 Admitted as a State into the Union January 29, 1861. Washburn, Jr., and took his seat January 2, 1861. Served until June 8, 1860; succeeded by Francis P. 24 Senators not elected to this Congress. 36 Election unsuccessfully contested by William P. Pres- Blair, Jr., who contested his election; subsequently elected 25 Took his seat January 30, 1861. ton. to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Francis P. Blair, 26 Election unsuccessfully contested by James S. 37 Election unsuccessfully contested by William G. Har- Jr., and took his seat December 3, 1860. Chrisman. rison. 45 Successfully contested the election of John R. Barret, 27 Seceded from the Union January 26, 1861. 38 Served until May 15, 1860; succeeded by William A. and took his seat June 8, 1860; resigned June 25, 1860. 28 Withdrew February 4, 1861. Howard, who contested his election. 160 Biographical Directory NEW HAMPSHIRE Reuben E. Fenton, Frewsburg John P. Verree, Philadelphia SENATORS William Millward, Philadelphia NORTH CAROLINA John Wood, Conshohocken
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  • Professional Communities in Alabama, from 1804 to 1861

    Professional Communities in Alabama, from 1804 to 1861

    OBJECTS OF CONFIDENCE AND CHOICE: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES IN ALABAMA, 1804-1861 By THOMAS EDWARD REIDY JOSHUA D. ROTHMAN, COMMITTEE CHAIR GEORGE C. RABLE LAWRENCE F. KOHL JOHN M. GIGGIE JENNIFER R. GREEN A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2014 ! Copyright Thomas E. Reidy 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Objects of Confidence and Choice considered the centrality of professional communities in Alabama, from 1804 to 1861. The dissertation highlighted what it meant to be a professional, as well as what professionals meant to their communities. The study examined themes of education, family, wealth patterns, slaveholding, and identities. This project defined professionals as men with professional degrees or licenses to practice: doctors, clergymen, teachers, and others. Several men who appeared here have been widely studied: William Lowndes Yancey, Josiah Nott, J. Marion Sims, James Birney, Leroy Pope Walker, Clement Comer Clay, and his son Clement Claiborne Clay. Others are less familiar today, but were leaders of their towns and cities. Names were culled from various censuses and tax records, and put into a database that included age, marital status, children, real property, personal property, and slaveholding. In total, the database included 453 names. The study also mined a rich vein of primary source material from the very articulate professional community. Objects of Confidence and Choice indicated that professionals were not a social class but a community of institution builders. In order to refine this conclusion, a more targeted investigation of professionals in a single antebellum Alabama town will be needed.