Published Quarterly By The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State.—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1953-1956 L. M. WHITE, Mexico, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville, First Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Second Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Third Vice-President BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society *ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis WILLIAM SOUTHERN, JR., ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage Independence GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1954 RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston ARTHUR V. BURROWES, St. Joseph ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., St. Louis HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre L. E. MEADOR, Springfield *CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1955 CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED C. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1956 F. C. BARNHILL, Marshall RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon E. LANSING RAY, St. Louis W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville ALBERT L. REEVES, Kansas City STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The thirty Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. * Deceased- Missouri Historical Review Floyd C. Shoemaker, Editor Volume XLVIII July 1954 Number Four The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri. Communications pertaining to the publication should be addressed to 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri, or to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year, or $20 for a life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Jefferson City, Missouri, under the act of August 24, 1912. MORE COMMENTS ON THE SOCIETY AND THE REVIEW I enjoy the Review immensely and take great pleasure in showing Texans, es­ pecially here in the office, that Missouri also has a remarkable history.—MARK W. BURROWES, Fort Worth, Tex. The Missouri Historical Review is tops—wish everyone in Missouri were acquainted with it.—MRS. OWEN c. RAWLINGS, Marshall. The Missouri Historical Review should be on the desk of all good citizens in our noble state.—WILLIAM J. BREMSER, St. Louis. I feel I am doing any Missourian a favor by recommending the Missouri Historical Review. In one hour today I showed my October copy of the Review to eleven persons whom I knew to be interested in Missouri and have secured ten memberships.— RILEY E. HALL,, West Plains. My own interest in the Society and my conviction that all good Missourians ar e benefited by affiliating with it convice me that I am doing the individual a service each time I obtain a new member.—MRS. LERTON V. DAWSON, Excelsior Springs. I have been receiving the Missouri Historical Review for the last year and the history of Missouri has been brought out more clearly to me than at any time in read­ ing other history books.—ARTHUR W. ZIMMER, Kansas City. The Review is getting better with each issue. I surely do enjoy it.—ALBERT Z. PROKE8, St. LOUiS. The Review is one of the most interesting magazines I've ever read.—ALEX C. RIEBEL, Arabela. I never received so much for so little in all my life. I surely do enjoy my mem­ bership.—TIERA FARROW, Kansas City. The Missouri Historical Review is one magazine that comes to our house which I read from the front page to the last.—MARIAN E. WILLIAMS, Los Angeles, Calif. I read the Missouri Historical Review regularly and find it the finest publication of its kind I have ever seen.—BARNEY MILLER, Rolla. I enjoy the Review very much. Keep up the good work.—MICHAEL PRICE, Co­ lumbia. There is a certain charm in the Missouri Historical Review that makes it seem like a letter from home.—ERNEST RIVERS, New Orleans, La. I simply adore the cover and the way the whole thing adds up. Wonderful!— BERTHA J. BLESS, Weston. I think too much cannot be said in favor of the Missouri Historical Review.— KATE ROTH, Banning, Calif. Let me congratulate you on the January, 1954, Review—indeed a worthy tribute to the Louisiana Purchase!—ARLINE BLACK, Liberty. When Jerome Walsh told me that the money I would spend to join the State Historical Society was one of the best investments I would ever make, I was inclined to doubt him, but now I'm ready to change my mind.—JIM MCQUEENY, Kansas City. I have just read the first installment of your series on Missouri and Kansas of 1854, and I like it. Maybe, during these next 100 years, we can give this struggle its proper balance. I am ready to concede that few on our side were entitled to wear halos. You've done a good job and you have a fine magazine.—NYLE H. MILLER, Secretary, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas. Contents Page MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855. PART II. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 325 THREE GENERATIONS IN THE SPAN OF A CONTINENT. THE ZUMWALT FAMILY. PART II. Edited by Eugenia Learned James and Vivian K. McLarty. 341 SWEDISH IMMIGRANT LETTERS IN DALLAS COUNTY. Edited by C. Terence Pihlblad 352 "THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY." By Floyd C. Shoemaker 365 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 373 A Personal Message from the Secretary 373 Members Active in Increasing Society's Membership 374 New Members of the Historical Society 375 The Barnhill Plan for Increasing Membership 377 Benton Painting Loaned 378 Hawthorne Roadside Park, and Highway Historical Marker Dedicated. 378 Missouri Maps Profile the Characteristics and History of the State. 379 Gentry County Historical Society Organized 380 Award Honors "Historic Hermann, Inc." 380 Dr. Frederic A. Culmer Honored 381 Pre-Historic Missouri 382 Activities of Local Historical Societies 382 Anniversaries 384 Notes 386 Historical Publications 397 Obituaries 401 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 404 THE RARE BOOK COLLECTION BEARS HIS NAME Inside Back Cover THE WOMEN OF BRYANT'S STATION, KY., SUPPLYING THF GARRISON WITH WATER Outside Back Cover iii Illustrations Page MISSOURIANS GOING TO KANSAS TO VOTE. A northern artist's version. Cover design from an engraving by John Rogers after a drawing by F. O. C. Darley. Reproduced from The Pagent of America. Copyright Yale University Press. See page 327 Cover PREEMPTION HOUSE, LAWRENCE, KAN. WHERE 1000 MISSOURIANS VOTED 327 ANDREW H. REEDER 328 SHAWNEE MISSION. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR OF KANSAS TERRITORY IN 1855 329 WILLIAM B. NAPTON 336 SHAWNEE MANUAL LABOR SCHOOL 338 PIONEERS NEAR INDEPENDENCE ROCK ON THE SWEETWATER 344 VALLEY OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE FROM LITTLE MOUNTAIN 345 EMIGRANTS AT UNION STATION, ST. LOUIS, 1879. From Dacus and Buel, A Tour of St. Louis, or the Inside Life of a Great City (1879) 356 "THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY" 365 His BOYHOOD HOME IN LACLEDE 366 HIS WEST POINT EXAMS IN A MISSOURI COURTHOUSE LED TO THE NATION'S HIGHEST MILITARY POST 367 THIS OZARK ARTIST FOUND FAME AND FORTUNE IN MAKING CHARACTER DOLLS 368 THEN THEY SANG A KEWPIE LULLABY FOR THE MOUSE-BABY 369 HIS CONTROL OF 5,000 MILES OF STAGE LINES GAVE HIM HIS TITLE OF STAGECOACH KING 370 DEPARTURE OF THE MAIL FROM INDEPENDENCE 371 J. CHRISTIAN BAY Inside back cover THE WOMEN OF BRYANT'S STATION, KY., SUPPLYING THE GARRISON WITH WATER Outside back cover MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855 BY FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER PART II THE HIGH TIDE OF MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY STRENGTH, 1855 The year 1855 marked the high tide of Missouri's proslavery strength in her fight for Kansas. It witnessed the election and legal certification of a proslavery legislature, from which every free-soil member-elect was excluded or had resigned. It witnessed the passage by that body of an ultra-severe slave code and the appoint­ ment by the legislature of the local officials in Kansas. It witnessed the dismissal of one governor who had incurred the enmity of Missourians and the appointment of another governor who was their friend. It saw the territorial executive and judicial depart­ ments and the Federal administration from President to United States marshall favor their cause. The machinery of the territorial government was absolutely under their control. Yet, this impregnable legal position held by Missouri proslavery leaders and their Southern associates was attacked by able and devious, daring and determined free-state leaders, acting legally, extra-legally, and illegally, under arms and without arms, enthused and urged on by editors and correspondents, poets and artists, until within three years the Missouri, proslavery citadel was swept away. It is now evident that proslavery Missourians could not have won the fight for Kansas regardless of procedure. Too many free- soil and non-slaveholding settlers made their homes in the new territory. The United States census of 1860 shows two persons in Kansas born in the free states to one born in the slave states, and if those born in Kansas and on foreign soil are added to the free states group the proportion is three to one.