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Practitioner Entries Scholarly Perspective Entries Index Due to the unique organization of this encyclopedia the where readers can find a comprehensive list of items that index begins with a list of all the “practitioner” and relate to a specific area of the world. Some items in the “scholarly perspectives” articles, as described in the regional groupings are not indexed elsewhere. Countries “Reader’s Guide” (pp. xix), which is a good place for and topics related to individual nations have been organ- readers to learn effective ways to use this reference work. ized according to the United Nations’ system of categor- The alphabetized index follows these two lists. ization used when reporting global statistics. The regional In the index entry titles are in bold font wherever they categories illustrate the interrelationships found among appear. The entry titles appear both alphabetically and many of the people and topics discussed in the encyclo- where they provide information pertinent to other indexed pedia. These relationships demonstrate both the encyclo- subjects. The words “see also” refer to other items in the pedia’s interdisciplinary scholarship and reflect the index itself, unless they are in bold font and thus refer to exchange of ideas occurring through processes currently an entry. When “see also” refers to an entry, readers should labeled “globalization.” The regions organized and also consult the cross-references under the alphabetized alphabetized are: Africa, Asia, Caribbean, Europe, encyclopedia entry. The word “see” directs readers to Meso-America, North America, Oceania, South America. another term under which the indicated subject matter will This encyclopedia has 520 contributors from around the be found. world. The name of each contributor is indexed alphabetic- A special feature of this index is its regional categories, ally, and their contributions are listed below their names. Practitioner Entries Pantheist Association for Nature – PAN Christianity and Nature Symbolism 1261 377–379 Animism: Humanity’s Original Religious Planetary Dance 1281–1283 Cognitive Ethology, Social Morality, and Worldview 83–91 Qur’an, The 1321–1324 Ethics 397–399 Biocentric Religion – A Call for 176–179 Re-Earthing 1354–1358 Critical Perspectives on “Religions of the Bioregionalism 188–189 Redwood Rabbis 1352–1354 World and Ecology” 1375–1376 Black Mesa 199–202 Rewilding 1383–1384 Dharma – Hindu 479–481 Breathwork 214–217 Rotting Tree Fairie 634 Dirt 486–487 Cetacean Spirituality 285–286 Rustlers Valley (South Africa) 1439 Dualism – A Perspective 511 Christianity (7i) – An Evangelical Satanism 1483–1484 Earth Bible 515–516 Perspective on Faith and 369–371 Sexuality and Eco-spirituality Eco-justice in Theology and Ethics Circle Sanctuary 392 1518–1519 539–542 Council of All Beings 425–429 Spirit of the Sage Council 1592 Ecojustice Hermeneutics 515 Depth Ecology 469–471 What would Jesus Drive? 318 Fascism 531 Dragon Environmental Network (United Wilderness Rites of Passage 1748–1750 Fauna Cabala 644–647 Kingdom) 506–507 World Pantheist Movement 1769–1770 Gaian Pilgrimage 683–685 Ecotopian Reflections 566–568 Geophilia 693–694 Epic Ritual 612–613 Globalization 698–700 Gardening and Nature Spirituality 687 Scholarly Perspective Entries Harmony in Native North American Harmonic Convergence and the Spiritual Traditions 741–742 Spiritualization of the Biosphere Abortion 13–14 Heavenism 516 738–741 Aesthetics of Nature and the Sacred Holocaust and the Environmental Crisis, Holy Land in Native North America 18–21 The 783–785 785–788 Animism – A Contemporary Perspective Homosexuality and Science 789–790 Hunting Spirituality and Animism 81–82 India’s Sacred Groves 831–833 811–812 Anthropologists 94–96 Islam and Eco-Justice 862–866 Mongolian Buddhism and Taimen Ayahuasca 141–142 Islamic Basis for Environmental Conservation 1099–1100 Bahá’í Faith 151–152 Protection 879–883 Music of Resistance 1135–1137 Biblical Foundations for Christian Jung, Carl – A Perspective 941–943 Orixa Iroko 261–262 Stewardship 173–174 Kabbalah and Ecotheology 945–950 Pagan Music 1238 Biophilia 183–188 Ladakh Buddhism 976–977 1828 Index Lakota Sun Dance 985–987 Aboriginal Spirituality and the New Age (Mbuti Foragers) and Bila Farmers Magic, Animism, and the Shaman’s Craft in Australia 10–12 of the Ituri Forest) 1023–1026 Abortion 13–14, 689, 865, 1286, 1295, Christianity in Africa Making of an Earthist Christian 394–396 1346, 1549, 1757 (see also Breeding Afrikaner Theology see Afrikaner Native American Languages 1160–1162 and Contraception; Fertility and Theology Natural History as Natural Religion Abortion) animals see Animals in African Legend 1164–1169 Abou El Fadl, Khaled and Ethiopian Scriptures Natural Law and Natural Rights contribution in this encyclopedia, see churches 1169–1171 Dogs in the Islamic Tradition Church of Nazareth see Church of New Academy for Nature and Culture Abraham 177, 431, 434, 755, 756, 874, Nazareth, KwaZulu – Natal (South 1380 937, 938, 939, 1125, 1321, 1751 Africa) Orthodox Spirituality 336–337 Abram, David 190–191, 635, 687, 946, Earthkeeping Churches see African Paganism: a Jewish Perspective 1329, 1519, 1755 Earthkeeping Churches – 1244–1246 contributions in this encyclopedia, see Association of (Zimbabwe) Paleolithic Religions and the Future 1256 Depth Ecology; Storytelling and Zion Church see Zion Christian Church Plastic Medicine Men 1283–1284 Wonder; Magic, Animism, and the (South Africa) Population and Consumption – Shaman’s Craft environmentalism see Christian Contemporary Religious Responses Abravanel, R. Isaac 65, 1693 Environmentalism in Kenya 1292–1295 Achebe, Chinua see Africa – Western Kimbanguism see Kimbanguism Primate Spirituality 1303–1306 acropolis see Europe – Southern (Central Africa) Religious Naturalism 1371–1372 Adams, Ansel 14–15, 107, 490, 615, Masowe see Masowe Wilderness Restoring Eden 1381–1383 1545–1546 Apostles Restoration Ecology and Ritual Adams, Carol 16, 536 Samia Culture see Samia Culture – 1379–1381 contribution in this encyclopedia, see Western Kenya Ritual 1385–1388 Women and Animals Schweitzer, Albert see Schweitzer, Sacramental Universe 1444–1445 Adams, John Quincy see North America – Albert Sacred and the Modern World, The United States St. Katherine’s Monastery see St. 1446–1448 Adekunle, Julius O. Katherine’s Monastery (Mount Sacred Sites in England 1460–1462 contribution in this encyclopedia, see Sinai, Egypt) Scientology 1499–1501 Totemic Practices in Borgu; Yoruba Eastern Africa Scything and Erotic Fulfillment Culture art see Rock Art – 1507–1509 Advaita Vedanta see Hinduism Hadzabe/Sandawe Sexuality and Green Consciousness adventure see Climbing; Mountaineering; greenbelt movement see Kenya 1519–1523 Surfing Greenbelt Movement (and adjacent, Space Exploration 1585–1588 Aesthetics and Nature in China and Wangari Maathai on Reforesting Tawhid (Oneness of God) 1623–1624 Japan 16–18 Kenya) Thomas Berry on Religion and Nature Aesthetics of Nature and the Sacred International Tree Foundation see Men 166–168 18–21 of the Trees Urban Reinhabitation – CERES as Case Afrasiabi, Kaveh L Lake Victoria 1206–1207, 1469, 1561 Study (Australia) 1684–1686 contribution in this encyclopedia, see Luo people see Snakes and the Luo of Vegetarianism and Judaism 1693–1695 Islam and Post-Anthropocentrism Kenya Wilderness Religion 1745–1748 Africa Maasai see Maasai African traditional religions (ATR) 26, Matopos Hills see Zimbabwe’s Matopos 28, 73, 118, 1682, 1725 Hills A agriculture 575, 1808 Mugabe, Robert 1810 Abbey, Edward 1–3 animals see Animals in African Legend Nkomo, Joshua 1810 anarchism 3 (see also Anarchism) and Ethiopian Scriptures Rhodes, Cecil 1807, 1809 Earth First! 519 (see also Earth First! and Central Africa rain see Makewanta the Rainmaker the Earth Liberation Front) art see Rock Art – Batwa/Pygmies; (and adjacent, Mbiriwiri – The Sacred death 2 (see also Death and Afterlife in Rock Art – Chewa; Rock Art – Sintu; Rainmaking Drum) Robinson Jeffers and Edward Abbey) Wenger, Susan, Yoruba Art, and the Samburu see Mount Nyiro and the desert 474–475 Oshogbo Sacred Grove Samburu sabotage (and ecotage), ethics of 538 Congo see Congo River Watershed Selassie, Haile see Selassie Haile radical environmentalism 1565 (see also cradle of humanity 413, 707, 1683 (adjacent to Rastafari) Radical Environmentalism) Kaphirintiwa see Kaphirintiwa – The spirit sites see Kasama Spirit Sites Abel 85, 87, 482, 755, 1693 Place of Creation spirits see Zimbabwe Spirit Mediums, Aboriginal Art 4–5, 1392 Ndembu religion see Ndembu Religion Guerillas and Nature Aboriginal Dreaming (Australia) 5–7, 375 Nyau see Nyau – A Closed Assocation gods and goddesses see gods, goddesses, Aboriginal Environmental Groups in Pygmies 163, 413, 954, 1047, 1211, deities and nature spirits Canada 9–10 1392, 1430, 1431 (see also Pygmies nature conservation see African Index 1829 Religions and Nature Conservation; African Independent Churches 24–26, Buddhism 242 African Earthkeeping Churches 388 Deep Ecology 31 Northern Africa African Religions and Nature Gandhi, Mohandas 31 creation myths see Creation Myths of Conservation 26–28 Hinduism 824–827 the Ancient World Afrikaner Theology 29–30 Jainism 894, 895 Egypt Afzaal, Ahmed vegetarianism 824, 1192, 1691, 1706 ancient see Egypt – Ancient contributions in this encyclopedia, see Ahmad, Ali pre-Islamic see Egypt – Pre-Islamic Ibn Al-cArabi, Shakyh Muhyiddin; contribution in this encyclopedia, see pastoralism see Saharan Pastoralists Sufism; Tawhid (Oneness of God) Islamic Law sacred groves see Sacred Groves in Africa Aggarwal, Safia Ahura Mazda see
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