Wilderness and Human Communities s Proceedings from the / TTlr smms UNLNERNESS coNGXASS trt lllt *rrf* P ort Elizabeth. South Africa Edited by Vance G. Martin and Andrew Muir A Fulcrum Publishing Golden, Colorado Copyright @ 2004 The International'Wilderness Leadership (\7ILD) Foundadon Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data \(orld'l7ilderness Congress (7th : 2007 : Port Elizabeth, South Africa) 'Wilderness and human communities : the spirit of the 21st century: proceedings from the 7th \7orld \Tilderness Congress, Port Elizabeth, South Africa I edited by Vance G. Martin and Andrew Muir. P.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55591-855-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. \Tilderness areas-Alrica- Congresses. 2.'\Tilderness areas-Congresses. 3. Nature conservation- Citizen participation-Congresses. I. Martin, Vance. II. Muir, Andrew. III. Title. QH77.435W67 2001 333.78'2r6-d22 2004017590 Printed in the United States of America 098755432r A Fulcrum Publishing The \7ILD Foundation 16100 Thble Mountain Parkway, Suite 300 P O. Box 1380 Golden, Colorado, USA 80403 Ojai, California,USA93023 (800) 992-2908 . (303) 277-1623 (805) 640-0390 'Fax (805) 640-0230 www.fulcrum-boolc.com [email protected] ' www.wild.org *1, .1q1r:a411- t rrr.,rrtr.qgn* Table of Contents vii The Port Elizabeth Accord of the 7rh Vorld Vilderness Congress ix Foreword The 7th \Vorld\Vildemess Congres Renms tu lts Roots in,4frica Andrew Muir xi Introduction \Vild Nature-A Positiue Force Vance G. Martin xiii Acknowledgmenm xv Editort Notes rviii Invocation-A Plea for Africa Baba Credo Mutwa IN Houon. oF IAN Pr-AyeR, FownEn oF THE .l7rrorRNpss \7op.r"o CoNcnrss 3 Umadoh-A Great Son of South Africa The Honorable Mangosuthu Buthelezi, MP 7 \ilTilderness-The Spirit of the 21st Century Ian Player PrRsprcrwrs eNo Rrponts pnou ARotxn tnn t07oRtt 17 The Global Environment Faciliryt Commitment to 'Wilderness Areas Mohamed T. El-Ashry 2l Toward a New Vision for Africa's Protected Areas Mohamed I. Bakaar, Humphrey Kisioh, and.Walter Lusigi Souru Alruce 36 'Wilderness in South Africa, Serving All Communities The Honorable Valli Moosa 39 \flhy a \Tilderness Area? Keith Loon 4l Shamwari'lfilderness Moful for a Priuate Wilderness Area S. Johan Joubert iii iv t Wild.,nrss and Human Communities SourH Arzuce, coNTINUED 45 The Private Sector Role in Sustaining African Vildlands Matemela Cyril Ramaphosa 50 My Acre of Africa A New Funding Snategy for Afican Protected Areas Gareth Pyne-James NaMBIA 55 lTilderness in Namibian Parks The Honorable P. N. Malima 60 The Sperrgebiet-the Desert Wilderness of Namibia Tryg'', G. Cooper ANcor.r 63 Restoring \Tildlife and \filderness in Angola 'W'outer van Hoven 73 The Green Leaf Award 2001 Ango k-A Conseraation and Vild.emess Priority The Honorable Alexandre Duarte Rodriguez Meoecescen 76 \Tilderness-A Future in Madagascar? Serge Rajaobelina THn CoNrco BesIN 87 Notes on the Congolese Forest Marcellin Agnagna 9l The Congo Basin Forest-The Future Is Now Michael Fav UNrrnl Sreres 99 The United States and Africa-Conservalion Partners U.S. Member of Congress, E. Clay Shaw 102 \Tilderness & Human Communities-United States Federal Agencies Elizabeth Estill 'Wilderness 110 The Sierra Club-A Century of Activism Bruce Hamilton AusrRern I22 Ausraliat'Wilderness-The Status, The Challenges, The Future (... A Snapshot) Alec Marr Table of Contents A v INon '\Tilderness 139 The Ti'ail ... An Example in India Bittu Sahgal 146 Seeds, People, and \Tildness Vandana Shiva ScorraNo I52 Restoring'$Tilderness, Tiansforming *re Individual The Needfor.Wildemess Restoration in Scothnd Alan'Watson Featherstone '\TlrornNrss-\ToRKrNG $rrrH Locer CouulrNrrrEs 167 Mission Mountains Tiibal Wilderness Terrytnner 180 Conservation, Community and Craftwork Brenda Locke 192 Empowering and Tiraining Local People The RARE Center and the Nature Guide Tiaining Prograrn Jose Alvez 213 Wilderness and taditional Peoples of the Amazon Martin Von Hildebrand 221 Involving Communities in Protected Area Management Local Boards in l{waZulu-Natal Khulani Mkhize 231 \Tilderness and Communiry in Taku River Tlingit Tiaditional Territory Northern British Columbia, Canada Kim Heinemeyea Rick Tingey, Doug Milek, Susan Carlick, Bruce Baizel, Dennis Sizemore and Richard Jeo WIroeRNsss AND TouRrsM 247 $Tilderness and the Issue of Sustainability-The Role of Tourism Michael Swearman 250 Sustainable Tourism in Practice Wildcrness Safaris Maputaland (Ndumu and Rochtail Bay) Malcolm McCulloch and Clive Poultney Wrror-eNo PreNrs AND MEDTCTNES 259 Learning from Others-Tiaditional Plants and Healing Thaditional Dr. Pontso Patience Koloko 262 Phyto Nova and Vildland Plants-An Approach to HIV/AIDS Ben-Erik van \(yck 278 Vildlands, Indigenous Knowledge, Modern Illness A Personal Cornment Gerard B. Baillv vi t WitOern.ss and Human Communities \TrrorRNrss aNo \ilTIrtuaNos-Nnv Pnotrcruo Anrn CoNceprs 283 The Upper Zambezi "Four Corners" fiansboundary Initiative Tourism, Ecohgy and Community Simon Metcalfe, David Sumba, Nesbert Samu and Henry Mwima 297 Peace Parks Foundation-Ar Overview \Tillem Van Riet 300 The Necessity of Changing \What Is Possible Imp lernenting Large-S cale Vi ldknds Pro tection David Johns 307 KwaZulu-Natal-Proposed Mzinyathi Communiry Conservation and'\Tilderness Area Maurice MacKenzie 'W'IIoEnNESS, WIroI-aNos AND'WLDLIFE 313 \Tilderness from an Elephantt Point of View Iain Douglas-Hamilton 321 Cheetah, Vildlands and Human Needs-W'orking Together Laurie Marker and Matti Nghikembua 327 \fildlands Network Design The Role ofTop Carniuores in the Regulation of Ecosystern Stn tcture and Diuersity Michael E. Sould \ftronnNnss-INtecRRrrNc Ppoprn, PBnsprctnn AND PLACE 341 Communicating \Tilderness-Informing, Inspiring, Empowering M.A. Partha Sarathy '\Tilderness 346 and Ubuntu David Rothenberg 351 RalaimingOur \?'rldNature-FromEcological ldeas to Ecologicalldentity John Seed 357 The Islamic Approach Preseruing Paradise through Religious Values of Narure Hafiz Nazeem Goolam 'sfilderness-Balance 362 Future Cities and the Fate of by Design Kirstin Miller 'Wilderness 371 and a Sense of Self Ian McCallum AlpeNotcrs 381 Major Accomplishments-7th V'orld Vilderness Congress 383 7th \Torld S7ilderness Congress Resolutions 405 Author Contact Information 470 Executive Committee and Staff l -- Itf ,i itlt.*q *q trf . , r.r T, tlr,*b The Port Elizabeth Accord of the 7th World Wilderness Congress 8 November 2001 t this time in our history when the shadow ofuncerainry pervada our thoughts II/\ ,( \and the presence of peril dictates our acrions, all of our aspirations and initiatives must, by necessity, be positive, determined, visionary, and collaborative. It is with this redization that 700 delegates from 42 nations convened in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, for the 7th'World \Tilderness Congress. During the course of a week of presentations, consultations, debates and deci- sions by a diverse array ofpeople, culrures, professions, and perspectives, covering both challenges and solutions, some cerainties were confirmed, namely that: 'Wilderness, . wildlands, and wildlife-on land, in the sea, and in rhe 4i1-x1g a resource of fundamental, irreplaceable value and substance in all human endeavour: and . \tr7ild nature is essentially more than a resource, rather being The Source of a particular gift of strength, sanity, and inspiration in a modern and fragmented world; and further, . \Tilderness-all of its many services and values-undeniably informs and suppons human communities and is an essential element of the spirit and practicality of the 2lst century. Our convention recognized the inescapable truth: where vast wilderness once surrounded and supported humankind, pervading and persisting with ease, it is now small, and dispersed islands in a sea of humanity, retreating daily while assaulted by human numbers and greed, are cloaked by an atmosphere that is not of its own making, nor life-giving. vii viii t WitU.,nuss and Human Communities As a result, our convention reconfirmed the basic principles of interna- tional collaboration, cross-cultural cooperation, human equiry, and freedom, combined with direct personal responsibiliry for the Present and future well- being of wilderness, wildlands, and wildlife, on land, in the sea, and in the air. Therefore, in light of this realiry and these principles, we are RESOLVED to act decisively, with intention, power, and determination, on the agreements' resolutions, and actions of this 7th Vorld Vilderness Congress. l^r^rterraffi Vance G. Martin lM- \7\7C Executive Director 7th \7'\(/C Director lrt ltlf e\ at€ rf{. .tttl,S4tt* Foreword The 7th World Wtlderness Congress Returns to Its Roots in Africa Andrew Muir 'W'orld A[ fter 25 years of convening on other continents, the lTilderness ,( \Congress returned to its roots in South Africa in November 2001. Dr Ian Player and his Zulu friend, mentor and game scout, Magqubu Ntombela con- ceived the idea of oeating an "indaba" when introducing people to wilderness by taking them on trails, sitting under our African stars and talking around campfires. They identified the need for a gathering of likeminded people as well as the public (i.e., business, political, sciendfic and cultural leaders) to join forces for wilderness to be understood and to survive globally. Thus the lst \7\7C took place in Johannesburg in 1977, and subsequently convened in Australia, Great Britain, the United Stares, Norway and India. Despite South Africa leading the way in Africa in terms of wilderness con- servation, our diverse population as