DISTRIBUTION

Yucatan appears in Texas

Tape recordings of Vireo magister and Vireo altiloquus helped confirm the first appearance of a Yucatan Vireo

James G. Morgan, Ted L. Eubanks, Jr., A YucatanVireo (Vireo magistcr)in the hand Virginia Eubanks, and Larry N. White at Bolivar Peninsula. Texas,April 29, 1984. Note the concolor back. nape and crown. Photo/T.L. Eubanks, Jr. Later that same day, Morgan and T. United Statesand Canadasaw it daily mately 11 a.m. CDT, while Eubanksconsulted several field guides throughMay 17, but it was not seenfrom birdingNAPRIL in29, a1984, smallat approxi-coastal (Blake, 1953, Bond, 1980, Peterson and May 18 to 23. woodlot on Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston Chalif. 1973) and an additional reference On May 24, Wolf relocatedthe vireo County, Texas, we found an unfamiliar (Oberholser, 1974) and concluded that in the samewoodlot where initially dis- vireo foragingin a small herculesclub the in questionwas a YucatanVireo covered. He played a Black-whiskered tree. The bird superficiallyresembled a (Vireo magister). That evening, Morgan Vireo tapefor aboutthirty minutes before Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceous) in receiveda phonecall from DavidE. Wolf a Red-eyedVireo and the YucatanVireo overall size and shape,but it was signifi- who was leadinga birdingtour in Texas. appeared.Both birdsshowed only "lnild cantly differentfrom this speciesby be- Morgan describedthe vireo to him and curiosity"to the songof Vireo altiloquus ing uniformlybrown on the crown, nape Wolf saidthe descriptionfit thatof a Yu- and shortlyretreated into the vegetation. and back, having black eyes. and pos- catanVireo, a specieswith which he was At thissame location later the sameday, sessinga large, heavy bill. Atier a few very familiar. Victor L. Emanuel and Bret Whitney minutesof observationin excellentlight, played a tape of Vireo magisterwhich we noted that the bird was banded. N THE MORNINGof April 30, Mor- they had previouslyrecorded on Cozu- In thesame woodlot, James G. Massey gan contactedRobert A. Behrstock mcl Island, Mexico. The Yucatan Vireo was conducting a bird-banding oper- and askedhim if he would try to observe appearedshortly showing "great curios- ation. While we were presentApril 29, the bird that we believed to be a Yucatan ity, and the bird was very responsive, the vireo was recapturedin one of Mas- Vireo. Behrstock, an observer with con- flitting from bush to bush" (Emanuel, sey's mist nets. Massey •ers. comm.) siderableneotropical birding experience, pers. comm.). To the best of our knowl- told us that on the previousday he had alongwith Emery M. Froelich,observed edge,the bird waslast observed May 27, banded the vireo wc had under observa- the vireo laterthat day for morethan thir- 1984. tion and that hc had recorded the bird as a ty minutes.Behrstock played a tape of a Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus). Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altilo- IlEMEASUREMENTS andfour-color Ted Eubanks,also an experiencedbird quus) in the vireo's presenceand the transparenciesof the vireo were sent bander,made and recordedthe following bird did not react. That evening Bchr- to John P. O'Neill at the Museum of Nat- measurements:length--136.5 mm; wing stocktold Morganthe bird wasa Yucatan ural Science,Louisiana State University, chordS9.5 mm; exposed culmcn Vireo. and to John W. Fitzpatrick of the Field --15.5 mm; tarsus--19.7 mm. He also After clearing accessto the private Museum of Natural History, Chicago, took photographsof the bird, in hand, propertyon which the bird was discov- for their corroboration of the bird's iden- with a Canon A- 1 camera, Canon 50 mm ered, its whereabouts was then revealed tity. O'Neill commented,"There seems f/3.5 macro lens, and Kodachrome ASA to the birdingcommunity. Subsequently, to bc no doubt that the bird is a Yucatan 64 film. approximately 1000 observersfrom the Vireo. The size of the bill and the color

Volume 39, Number 3 245 prettymuch preclude anything else." As The woodlot, or "motte," is a typical up- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS per Texas coast"migrant trap" which is to form and sex, O'Neill implicdthe bird We wishto expressour gratitudeto the surroundedby coastalprairie and brack- was V.m. magister.Hc stated,"The form Sun Exploration and ProductionCom- ish marsh and is locatedapproximately V.m. caymannensisis much palcr and pany for grantingingress and egresson 600 meters from the shoreline of the Gulf really not likc the bird in thc photos. Sun's lease property, and our special of Mexico. Within the woodlot. the bird Your bird is fairly small(several in thanksto Melanie Wigginsand Bill Wig- our collectionthat I measuredhad wing was stronglyattracted to one or two par- ginsfor permissionfor observersto enter chordsof 73-75 mm); the bill lengthsof ticularhercules club trees. Its feedingbe- their private propertyto view the bird. Yucatan and Black-whiskered [] havior was relatively slow and deliber- We thank Robert A. Behrstock for his ate, andits prcyconsisted mostly of small are nearlyequal, but the much-less-deep help in negotiatingentry to this property, bill of the Black-whiskeredgives it a very caterpillars,flies, and other insects. and we thank John P. O'Neill and John long-billedlook lacking in thebird in the W. Fitzpatrickfor their promptconfirma- photo. Your bird is likely a female." tion of our identification. O'Neill concludcdby saying,"1 will state that I have no reason to call the bird in the photoanything but a YucatanVireo." LITERATURE CITED Fitzpatrickcommented, "I concurwith AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION, your idcntification,although the slidcs Check-list of North American Birds, 6th do not absolutclyrule out the possibility ed., Allen Press, Lawrence. Kansas. of Vireoaltiloquus. I assumeyou did not 1983. BLAKE, E. R. Birds of Mexico, The Univer- seeany traceof 'whiskers.'Your mea- sity of ChicagoPress, Chicago, Illinois, surementswould correspondwell to fe- 1953. maleVireo magister and actually are a bit BOND, J., Birds of the West Indies, 4th ed., small for altiloquus.The bill doeslook Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, The size of the bill and the color of the bird Massachusetts, 1980. properlyheavy as in magister."It should indicate a Yucatan Vireo. This bird, banded at be noted that when we studied the bird in OBERHOLSER, H. C., The Bird Life of Tex- Bolivar Peninsula, Texas.is mostprobably a the hand and in the field we could find no as, Volume 2, Universityof Texas, Aus- female. Photo/T.L. Eubanks,Jr. tin, Texas, 1974. trace of "whiskcrs." PETERSON, R. T., and CHALIF, E. L., A The following descriptionwas ob- Field Guide to Mexican Birds, Houghton The weatherconditions preceding this tained from an in-the-hand examination Mifflin Company, Boston. Massachu- by the authors:crown, nape,back and discoveryincluded several days of abnor- setts, 1973. rumpmedium olive brown; the back with mally strongsouth and southeastwinds withoutrain or frontalactivity. Theseare brighterolive tonesand the rump some- ideal weather conditions for safe trans- -12107Broken Bough Drive, Hous- what paler; tail darkerbrown, the inner ton, Texas 77024 (Morgan), 5409 Gulf of Mexico migrationof thoseneo- rectriciesstrongly tinged rufous;wings Braeburn, Bellaire, Texas77401 (Eu- tropicalspecies that migrate to the United brown, somewhat darker than back, the banks and Eubanks), 1492 Wilcrest, Statesand Canadafor the breedingsea- outeredges of the primariesbrightcr ol- Houston, Texas77042 (White). ive brown, no wing bars;very broad su- son. We can only speculatethat thc bird we discovered crossed the Gulf of Mexi- perciliarystripe whitish, tinged ycllow- ish-buffin front of the eye;lores blackish co during these very favorable weather and postocular stripe brown; checks conditions.Supporting this hypothcsisis the fact that whcn Eubanks examined the grayish-whitewithout "whisker" marks; auricularscovered by brown postocular bird he found no depositsof subcutane- stripe;sidcs of neckmedium brown; low- ousfat in the bird's fulcrum, suggestinga er partsdingy grayish-white,the center recentexpenditure of energy. of the belly laterallytinged pale yellow; The photographsof the YucatanVireo remain on file at thc Museum of Natural sidesand flanks grayish-white;crissum faint burnt yellowish-orange;bill large, Science,Louisiana State University, and heavy and deep, the upper mandible at the Field Museum of Natural History, blackishand with slight hook at tip, the Chicago. The photographshave also lower mandible blackish except basal been deposited in the Texas Photo- quarter horn color; iris black or ncar Record File at Texas A&M University under number 310, a-d. black, no hint of red; legs dark bluish- To the best of our knowledge, this gray. marks the first occurrence of the Yucatan Vireo in the UnitedStates. The speciesis y liEWOODLOT of approximately five normallyresident in the CaymanIslands acres in which the bird was lbund is (GrandCayman), on the YucatanPcnin- predominantlycomposed of hackberry, sula(including Mujeres, Holbox and Co- herculesclub (Texas prickly ash), and zumel Islands), south to Bclize (includ- huisachetrees, with yaupon shrubbery ing offshorecays), and on the Bay and includedin the understory.There is ex- Hog islandsoff the Caribbeancoast of tensiveliana amongthe hackberrytrees. Honduras (A.O.U., 1983).

246 American Birds Fall 1985