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Spring/Summer 2008 Inner Asian & Uralic National Resource Center Spring/Summer 2008 Newsletter Contents A Word from the Director Over the last year we in Good- A Word from the Director 1 body Hall have given considerable thought to pipeline issues. The pipe- IAUNRC Connection in Kazakhstan 2 line has nothing to do with gas or oil, or even water. Rather it concerns Darling Istanbul 3 students. The “pipeline” we have Visiting Scholars 4 worked on is groundwork in order to establish an undergraduate minor Area Studies for Fun and Profit 4 in Central Eurasian Studies (CEUS), and possibly in the future a CEUS Day of Hungarian Culture 5 major. Indiana High Schools 5 At present a large share of stu- dents who study parts of the CEUS Turkmen Pop 6 or IAUNRC “world” start their language and even area studies course work only at the graduate level. Especially in the case of language, this makes it Azerbaijani Mugham Visits IU 6 extremely difficult to attain a high level of proficiency before completion of studies. Such a problem is partly due to the fact that study of “our languages” and “our area” are available at only a handful of US universities. Further- more, unlike in such cases as Chinese, Korean, or Hindi, or even Somali or Pilipino there are only miniscule “heritage” communities of many parts of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • the IAUNRC domain. The Inner Asian and Uralic National This all suggests the need for a “pipeline” that will bring under- Resource Center (IAUNRC) at Indi- graduate students to the graduate level with language and area studies background on the study of our regions. The CEUS undergraduate minor ana University is a United States De- is one step in that direction. Naturally, some financial assistance to stu- partment of Education Title VI grant dents electing to take course work in IAUNRC regions would be a big help in encouraging students to “flow” in our direction. We have begun institution dedicated to increasing the looking for funding to promote this. It is a difficult search in these lean general and scholarly understanding times, but we hope that in the next few years the pipeline now being of the Inner Asian region and Uralic planned will be operational. peoples. The Inner Asian and Uralic Sincerely, National Resource Center Newslet- ter is a biannual publication of the IAUNRC prepared by the Center’s graduate assistants. To submit ques- tions, comments, and suggestions about the newsletter or to request fur- ther information regarding the servic- es of the IAUNRC, please contact: Our Region IAUNRC Indiana University Goodbody Hall 324 Bloomington, IN 47405 Tel: (812) 856-5263 Fax:(812) 855-8667 Email: [email protected] On the Cover: A scene from a Bloom- ington performance of Juliet: A Dia- logue about Love, by Hungarian- Romanian playwright Andras Visky. Photograph by Michael Schafer and Stephen Pilkington. 1 Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center Newsletter IAUNRC Connection Maintained in Kazakhstan By Azamat Junisbai Social scientists have long sought to Economic conditions remain dire today for understand popular sentiment regarding these the vast majority of the population. Unlike questions. Yet, most studies have been limited Kyrgyzstan, vast and resource-rich Kazakh- My connection with IAUNRC and its to Western democracies with predominantly stan has achieved a level of economic de- Director Professor William Fierman goes back Christian populations. Since most people in the velopment far surpassing that of its small over a decade and can be safely described as world reside elsewhere, this practice invari- neighbor. According to the most recent U.S. life-altering. Over the years, IAUNRC has been ably produces a truncated picture. Post-Soviet government data, Kazakhstan’s oil and gas a home away from home to countless students Central Asia has been especially neglected by reserves are comparable to those of Qatar and scholars from Central Asia. But for this most Western sociologists, as is evidenced by and Kuwait, respectively. Almaty-native, the connection has been deeper the dearth of published work dealing with these and more personal than most. It was in Bill questions in the region. It is my hope that my Fierman’s grueling U519 Soviet/Post-Soviet dissertation will begin to fill this void. Nationality Policy and Problems seminar in the Over the years, IAUNRC fall of 1998 that I met my future wife, mother My research has several interrelated ob- “ of our two beautiful children, and research part- jectives: (1) to identify the factors determining has been a home away from ner Barbara Taber (known these days as Bar- the level of support for different principles of home to countless students bara Junisbai). distributive justice in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakh- stan; (2) to identify the predictors of support for The unlikely union between a Kazakh the welfare state in the two countries; (3) to ex- and scholars from Central Asia. exchange student and a Californian who ar- amine the impact of distributive justice attitudes But for this Almaty-native, the connection has been more personal than most.” Although neither is affluent by Western standards, in 2007 gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Kazakhstan was $11,100, but only $2,000 in Kyrgyzstan. Similarly, the percentage of poor and unemployed in Kazakhstan was less than half that of Kyrgyzstan. In recent years, Ka- zakhstan (along with Russia) has become the des- tination of choice for tens of thousands of Kyrgyz migrant workers. This divergence in the two countries’ economic trajectories, affords a valu- able opportunity to explore how economic justice attitudes and their determinants are affected by a country’s macroeconomic performance, some- thing my research aims to do. With combined funding from the Na- tional Science Foundation and the Title VIII Research Scholar Program (administered by American Councils), I organized and oversaw Azamat Junisbai, his wife Barbara, and their children Sanjar and Asiya in Kazakhstan nationally representative surveys in Kyrgyz- stan and Kazakhstan during the 2006-2007 academic year. After months of preparation, rived in Bloomington just a few months earlier on welfare state attitudes; and (4) to compare the the actual interviews - with 1000 and 1100 was made formal when the couple wed in Al- data from the two countries with each other, as respondents, respectively - were conducted maty, Kazakhstan in the summer of 2001. Our well as with a range of other countries. by local survey research companies between son, Sanjar, will turn eight this summer and our January and April of 2007. With generous daughter, Asiya, will be five in May. While Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan support from the Social Science Research share many important characteristics, such Council’s Eurasia Dissertation Write-up Fel- As part of the final stage of my Ph.D. as a common Soviet history, predominantly lowship, I was able to devote a better part program with Indiana University’s Department Muslim (Sunni branch) populations, and au- of the fall of 2007 to the formidable task of of Sociology, I am currently working on my thoritarian rulers, they are significantly dif- cleaning and otherwise getting my datasets dissertation in Kazakhstan. My dissertation re- ferent in one crucial respect. While people ready for analysis. I am now concentrating search examines economic justice attitudes in in both republics enjoyed virtually identical on making sense of the data. As for my fu- Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In my research I standards of living under the Soviet Union ture plans, I hope to go on the academic job focus on three key questions: Which principles (and for a few years after 1991), the two market in the fall of 2008 and plan to defend of resource distribution are prevalent among countries differ dramatically in their current my dissertation in the spring of 2009. different social groups? What role should gov- economic circumstances. ernment play in ensuring the welfare of its citizens? What is the relationship between dis- Mountainous and poor, Kyrgyzstan was especially ill-prepared for the economic Azamat Junisbai is a Ph.D. candidate in the tributive justice beliefs and support for various Department of Sociology at IUB. resource redistribution programs? burdens of independence and saw the liv- ing standards of its population plummet. Spring/Summer 2008 2 Darling Istanbul By Donny Smith One of the most noticeable features of “To Wake to Constantinopolis” is its use of the former name Konstantinopolis. This form of the name often evokes an outcry in the Turkish press because of its association with the Istanbul has changed names and faces many times in the last few Greek nationalist Megali Idea, i.e. “the Great Idea,” that all formerly Greek millennia: Byzantion, New Rome, Constantinople, Kostantiniyye; Thra- lands should be united under a single Greek government. This issue, which cian, Greek, Roman, Jewish, Armenian, Italian, Turkish, Kurdish, and might seem esoteric to outsiders, set off a great controversy during the 2004 more. Its population often takes pride in the fact that East meets West in Eurovision Song Contest finals in Istanbul, when the Greek Cypriot host this city. However, the meeting is not always smooth and the contention connected to the live broadcast saying, “Good evening, Konstantinopolis.” about the city’s nature takes many forms. For example, the last time I According to one report, the Istanbul host responded, “Istanbul, not Kon- visited Istanbul a street vendor from eastern Turkey refused to speak Turkish with me. He didn’t want to speak “that language” (Turkish), and insisted on communicating in either Kurdish or English Istanbul and its identity over its long history stand at the center of my own research, which fo- cuses on the representation of Istanbul in contem- porary Turkish poetry. Two of the most common representations of the city are as a woman and as someone who is somehow lost.
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