Computer Architecture Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN
[email protected] MIPS ISA - I
[email protected] http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Outline Computer Architecture • Overview of the MIPS architecture • can be viewed as – ISA vs Microarchitecture? – the machine language the CPU implements – CISC vs RISC • Instruction set architecture (ISA) – Basics of MIPS – Built in data types (integers, floating point numbers) – Components of the MIPS architecture – Fixed set of instructions – Fixed set of on-processor variables (registers) – Datapath and control unit – Interface for reading/writing memory – Memory – Mechanisms to do input/output – Memory addressing issue – how the ISA is implemented – Other components of the datapath • Microarchitecture – Control unit 3 4 Computer Architecture MIPS Architecture • Microarchitecture • MIPS – An acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages – Not to be confused with a unit of computing speed equivalent to a Million Instructions Per Second • MIPS processor – born in the early 1980s from the work done by John Hennessy and his students at Stanford University • exploring the architectural concept of RISC – Originally used in Unix workstations, – now mainly used in small devices • Play Station, routers, printers, robots, cameras 5 6 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 1 MIPS Architecture CISC vs RISC • Designer MIPS Technologies, Imagination Technologies • Advantages of CISC Architecture: • Bits 64-bit (32 → 64) • Introduced 1985; – Microprogramming is easy to implement and much • Version MIPS32/64 Release 6 (2014) less expensive than hard wiring a control unit. • Design RISC – It is easy to add new commands into the chip without • Type Register-Register changing the structure of the instruction set as the • Encoding Fixed architecture uses general-purpose hardware to carry out • Branching Compare and branch commands.