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South Pacific Islands Fisheries Development Agency, Australia

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South Pacific Islands Fisheries Development Agency, Australia FI:DP/RAS/69/102 Terminal Report SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS FISilERlES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY AUS'l'RALIA, FRANCE, NEW ZEALAND, UNI'rED KINGDOM, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, WES'l'ERN SAMOA PROJECT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDA'I'IONS Report prepared for the participating Governments by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations acting as executing agency for the United Nations Development ProgTamme UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD .AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Qli' THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 7 1975 Some of the territories covered by the activities of the Projeot attained independenoe after the Plan of Operation was signed but, in accordance with FAQ practice, this Report is addressed to the signatories of the Plan. iii TABLE OF CON'l1ENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 .1 ProJect l)ackground and objectives 1 1 .2 Project implementation 2 1 .2 .1 General administration 2 1.2.2 Problems enoour1t0red 2 1.2.3 Review mission 5 Jt.'valuation of aotivi ties 5 2. PROJEG'l' RESUL'l'S AND CONCLUSIOUS 6 Coastal fioheries 6 2 .1. ·1 Out-·of-r0ef fishing 6 2 .1 .2 Reef and lagoon resources 6 2 .1.3 Bcche-de-mer resources 7 2.1.4 Turtle resources 7 2.1.5 Mangrove fishery 8 J\quacul ture 8 illvaluation of potential 8 Demonstrations and feasibility studies 9 2.3 Boat·bui lding 11 2.3.1 General activities 11 2.).2 lt,iji 12 2.3.3 American Samoa 12 2.3.4 Western Samoa 12 2.).5 Tonga 12 2.).6 J\ctivitieo of interest to more than one territory Publications RECOMMENDATIONS 1tj. Recommendations by territory 14 3.1.1 .Fi ,ii 14 3.1.2 New Caledonia 15 3 .1.3 Now Hebrides 15 3.1.4 Papua New Guinea 16 3.1.5 Solomon Is lands 16 3.1.6 Gi lbcrt and Ji:llice Islands 16 3.1.7 Cook Islands 16 ::1.1.8 French Polynesia 16 iv 3.1.9 American Samoa 17 3.1.10 Western Samoa 17 3.1.11 'l'onga 17 3.1.12 Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 17 3.2 Coastal fisheries 18 3.2 .1 Out-of-reef fisheries 18 3.2.2 Reef and lagoon resources 18 3.2.3 Bgche-de-mer resources 19 3.2.4 Turtle resources 19 3.2.5 Mangrove fishery 20 3.3 AquacuHure 20 3. 3.1 Oyster farming 20 3.3.2 Other molluscs 20 3.3.3 Shrimp farming 20 3.3.4 Fish farming 21 3.4 Boatbuilding 21 .3 .4 .1 Shallow water fisheries in lagoon areas 21 3.4.2 Deep lining on the reef slope 21 3.4.3 Surface schooling pelagic fisheries 22 3 .5 Fellowships 22 3.6 Publications 23 3.7 Regional meetings 23 Appendix 1 PROJECT STAFF 25 Appendix 2 FELLOWSHIP 26 Appendix 3 MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT PROVIDED BY UNDP 27 Appendix 4 AREA COVERED BY THE PROJECT AS PER THE PLAN OF OPERATION" 28 ~dix 2 DOCUMENTS PREPARED DURJNG THE PROJECT 1. INTRODUCTION' 1 e 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An increasing awareness of the need for coordinating fisheries interests, ao'tivities and development in the South Pacific led to a request to the United Nations Development Programme by interested governments foT assistance in the establishment of a South Pacific Fisheries Development Agency. In response to this request, a UNDP project (RAS/69/102) covering Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia was established and, after an i~itial period starting July 1969 during which the Project Manage:ri-Designate assisted in drafting the Plan of Operation, became operative from July 1970 until October 1973. The signatory governments were Australia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Western Samoa. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was designated as executing agency and the South PacifJc Commission as the cooperating government agency. The SPC was also responsible for providing counterpart staff on behalf of the signatory governments. The purpose of the project as set out in the Plan of Operation was to assist in the establishment and operation of a South Pacific Islands Fisheries Development Agency to determine feasibility areas of fishery development in the region, to take. stock of the resources of the lagoons and reefs, to carry out research on the living conditions and the exploitation of the fauna and on the proper measures to ensure its increase and to assist in formulation and implementation of specific action programmes in the various island territories. In particular the project was required, in full cooperation with existing institutions and services, to make an overall study of the opportunities and requirements for fishery development in the territories of the South Pacific and establish priorities for and actually to undertake some of the schemes, such as: evaluation of coastal and lagoon resources i study of the environmental conditions of the life of marine fmma; assessment of the development potential of the coastal and lagoon resources {e.g. turtles, trepang (beche-de-mer) and commeroially valuable fish species including bait fishes); investigation into the feasibility of establishing systems of aquaculture for such species as edible oysters, mother-of-pearl shell and pearls; demonstration and training in the use of novel and improved fishery methods; provision of advice on the organization of improved methods of handling, marketing and distribution of marine production, particularly ·trepang (b~che-de--mer) l coordination, collection of information and support for further research on ciguatera; establishment of appropriate systems for the dissemination of information on suqh matters through.out the terr•i tories concerned. The project would seek io arrange for other sources of funds and expertise to be made available to those schemes which it might not be found possible to implement directly under the project. o. It was stated that the project would "be available to provide coordination and leadership in research, investigations and training related to fishery development in the region. 1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMEN"TATION 1o2&1 General administratton The project was based at the headquarters of the SPC at Noumea, New Caledonia. Working conditions 9 housing and the generally useful support (finance, office space 9 money transactions and transfers in the area~ travel service 9 library and information centre, translation service~ diplomatic pouch9 import of supplies) were a first~ class contribution to project work. At present there is no other site in the area which could provide·such facilities fOY.' a regional project. Representatives of the signatory territories met annually in the form of a Consultative Committee 9expressing the wishes of the participating territories in the guidance of policy and the programme to be implemented by the project. Three Consultative Commiti;ee meetings were held at SPC headquarters in October 1970 9 October 1971 and August 1972. The UNDP contribution was US$ 418 3oofl the counterpart contribution being US$ 51 ·OOO in cash and US$ 410 OOO in ki"!Hl~ Appendix 1 gives information on inter.national and counterpart staff a,ttac:hed to the projecto Details of fellowships can be found in Appendix 2t and of equipment supplied in Appendix 3• 1o2o2 Problems encountered Various difficulties faced the project in fulfilling the objectives set out in the Plan of Operation. (a) 1rhe Plan of Operation covered the whole SPC areag i.e. about 46 million 2 km from the Tropic of Cancer to the 'l'ropic of Capricorn and from 130° eas·b ·to 130° westo Soati;ered across this vast expanse o:f ocean are hundreds of islands of every kind and sJ.ze wHh islanders from different social groups and different sooio·~eoonomic organizations (Appendix. 4),, A regional approach would never "be easy to achieve with so many different countries and environments involved and with an economic way of life ranging from the rudimentary to the more modern sophis-ticated cultureso However? many other adverse factors also affected the operation of a regional project in the South Pacifio Islands area: the difficulty of communication because of the two languages o:f the areaw the variety of political organizations with at least eight types of government for eighteen territories, the differenoe8 in the finanoiul and monetary oreanization with five currencies and the lack of a regional transportation systemn (b) ~sed objectj.ve~ an~_.J1m~ The purpose and ultimate objectives were too ambitious. During the preliminary meetings on planning H was recognized that the project was to be a Phase I feasibility survey for a period of two yeurs, to be :followed by a Phase II development project. However 9 in the Plan of Operation, which was agreed by all signatories, the new project emerged as a combination Phase I and Phase II of three years duration. The funds allocated through UNDP were barely sufficient for a Phase I feasibility study7 and the project was severely imder- financed for the ob,jecti ves l:l sted in the Plan of Operation. It must be remembered that as regards travel 9 per diem allocations, ecruipment, investment and maintenance the project area is more expenslve thm1 that of any project elsewhere in the world. ( c) International st_aff an£1:.__org§;~':t~on The project had no adm:i.niEitraUve personnel, either intex:national or counterpart. Adminlstrative work was undertaken by the SPC and the Project Manager. The first Project Manager9 who o~'gc:mized the firs-I; meetings of the Consultative Committee, also planned the second meeting and was transferred to other duties two months before :it was held. During the initial period the Projed Manager was absent for about three months (December 1970 to March 1971) and the newly appointed expert on boa,tbuilding imdertook responsibilities :for the period.
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