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World Bank Documents As Required, Such As an ESMP Public Disclosure Authorized Halafononga Ki Ha Ngatai Tu’uloa Tonga: Pathway to Sustainable Oceans (TongaFish Pathway) Project World Bank: P164941 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework Public Disclosure Authorized VERSION: Final, March 2019 Tonga: Pathway to Sustainable Oceans (P164941) – Environmental and Social Management Framework |March 2019 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Purpose and Scope of the ESMF ........................................................................................................... 7 3 Description of the Project Components and Typology of Sub-Projects ............................................... 8 3.1 Project Subcomponents ................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Types of Subproject Activities ..................................................................................................... 11 4 Environmental and Social Context ...................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ................................................................................................. 12 4.3 Fisheries ...................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Aquaculture ................................................................................................................................. 13 4.5 Marine Protected Areas .............................................................................................................. 13 4.6 Special Management Areas (SMAs) ............................................................................................ 13 4.7 Gender Roles in Fishing ............................................................................................................... 16 4.8 Climate Change and Natural Hazards ......................................................................................... 17 5 Legal, Policy Framework and Regulatory Requirements .................................................................... 19 5.1 World Bank Policies..................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Applicable Legislation, Policies and Regulations......................................................................... 20 5.2.1 International Institutional Context ..................................................................................... 20 5.2.2 National context .................................................................................................................. 21 5.3 Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 27 6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Measures to Mitigate ........................................... 29 6.1 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................................................... 39 7 Environmental and Social Screening of Subprojects .......................................................................... 41 7.1 Overview of Screening Process ................................................................................................... 41 7.2 Screening of Subprojects ............................................................................................................ 41 8 Land Access and Resettlement Policy Framework ............................................................................. 45 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 45 8.2 Background ................................................................................................................................. 45 8.3 Word Bank Requirements ........................................................................................................... 45 8.4 Relevant Tongan Legal Framework ............................................................................................. 46 8.5 Country Context .......................................................................................................................... 47 8.6 TongaFish Pathway Project Land Requirements ......................................................................... 50 8.6.1 Project Subcomponent Activities ........................................................................................ 50 Page 2 of 126 Tonga: Pathway to Sustainable Oceans (P164941) – Environmental and Social Management Framework | March 2019 8.7 Responsibilities ........................................................................................................................... 51 8.8 Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................................... 52 8.9 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 55 9 Responsibilities for Safeguards Implementation ................................................................................ 56 9.1 Key Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................... 56 9.2 Capacity Building ......................................................................................................................... 58 10 Consultation and Disclosure ............................................................................................................... 59 11 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................................... 60 12 Annexes............................................................................................................................................... 61 Annex I TongaFish Pathway Project Stakeholder Engagement Plan ...................................................... 62 Annex II Tongan Environmental Approvals Framework ......................................................................... 70 Annex III Voluntary Land Donation Procedures ...................................................................................... 71 Annex IV MEIDECC Environmental Approval Process ............................................................................. 76 Annex V Ministry of Fisheries Safeguards Officer Position Terms of Reference .................................... 78 Annex VI Checklist 1 – Screening Process ............................................................................................... 83 Annex VII Checklist 2 - Construction and Renovation Screening Checklist ............................................ 84 Annex VIII Checklist 3 – All Other Projects Screening Checklist.............................................................. 87 Annex IX Terms of Reference for Technical Advisory ............................................................................. 92 Annex X Guideline 1 - ESIA for Aquaculture ........................................................................................... 93 Annex XI Guideline 2 - MoF Vessels ........................................................................................................ 94 Annex XII Guideline 3- SMA Community Investments ............................................................................ 95 Annex XIII Summary of Pre-Appraisal Consultations .............................................................................. 99 Annex XIV Grievance Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 123 Annex XV Physical and Cultural Chance Find Procedure ...................................................................... 126 Page 3 of 126 Tonga: Pathway to Sustainable Oceans (P164941) – Environmental and Social Management Framework | March 2019 List of Abbreviations CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCMP Coastal Community Management Plans CEO Chief Executive Officer CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals CSU Central Services Unit EA Environmental Assessment ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EHS Environment, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESSIP Environmental and Social Safeguard Instruments for Pacific Island Countries FFA Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency FMAC Fisheries Management Advisory Committee FPIC Free, prior and informed consultation GDP Gross Domestic Product GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GoT Government of Tonga IDA International Development Association IUU Illegal, unregulated and unreported (fishing) MAFFF Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Forests and Fisheries MEIDECC Ministry of Meteorology, Energy, Information, Disaster Management,
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