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Honeycrisp Apple Cultivars 2019 MG Training College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences Outline All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu • Cultivars: Apples, peaches, cherries, plums, apricots Growing Tree Fruit in New Mexico • Frost management Shengrui Yao • Training and pruning NMSU Alcalde Center • Pest control [email protected] • Jujubes 505-852-4241 All About Discovery! ™ About the College: The College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences is an engine for economic and community development New Mexico State University in New Mexico, improving the lives of New Mexicans through academic, research, and extension programs. aces.nmsu.edu Apples: Ginger Gold Gala • Nice flavor • Productive • Early, yellow cultivar • Small fruit (need • Nice quality thinning) • Short shelf life • Store well All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Apple- Honeycrisp Apple cultivars • Ginger Gold: early, yellow skin, nice flavor • Crispy, juicy, sweet • Gala: early, nice flavor, small fruit • Weak cultivar, • Golden Supreme: chance seedlings, ranked high semi-dwarfing • Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Honeycrisp rootstocks • Fuji: late cultivar, nice flavor and store well • Specialty: scab resistant cultivars, cooking cultivars • Crop well • Frostbite: special flavor, nice cider apple (pink juice). • Late blooming • Arkansas Black: • Disease resistant All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 1 2019 MG Training Conventional vs. Club cultivars SweeTango® • Gala • Pink Lady • MN1914 (Minneiska) • Honeycrisp • Honey Crunch • Super quality, not resistant to apple scab • Fuji • SweeTango • Parents: Honeycrisp x Zestar • Gingergold • Ambrosia • 2 weeks earlier than Honeycrisp • Store not as well as Honeycrisp • Golden Delicious • Pacific Rose • Club Apple, not available for regular growers except that • Red Delicious • Jazz coop.- ‘The next big thing’ • Granny Smith etc. • New York 1, WA2 • May find it at grocery stores etc. • Evercrisp All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Evercrisp Apple Rootstocks • Released in 2012 by Midwest Apple Improvement • Regular- seedlings, MM111 etc. Association (MAIA) • Fuji x Honeycrisp • Semi-dwarfing, M7, M26, G935. • More like Fuji but a bit • Dwarfing, M9, B9, G41 etc. crispier • Store well • Late bloomer All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Apple cultivar trial results Peaches PF-1 PF-1 mature at early July each year at Alcalde Eight Cultivars: Gala, Fuji, Red Chief, Golden Delicious, Akane, Ginger Gold, Red Free and Lucky Jon. • Early • 6 crops out of 10 years • Nice size • Gala was the heaviest producer among the 8 cultivars tested, followed by Ginger Gold and Lucky Jon. • Reasonable • Red Chief (Red Delicious strain) was the lightest quality producer. • Golden Delicious, Red Chief, Red Free, Lucky Jon Bloomed later than Gala, Akane, Ginger Gold and Fuji. • Honeycrisp bloomed the latest; Pinklady and Braeburn were the two earliest ones. • (Select late bloomer and NON-uniform ones). • NMSU Research Bulletin 803 All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 2 2019 MG Training Blazing Star Nectar • White flesh • Mid season • Sweet • Yellow flesh • Nice flavor • Nice flavor • Productive • Not very hardy All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Contender China Pearl • Medium size • Nice flavor • White flesh • Hardy All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Encore Peach cultivar trial summary • Late cultivar • Nice size • Saturn is the earliest to bloom • China Pearl, Encore, Intrepid and Risingstar are • Good flavor late bloomers. • Blushingstar, Surecrop, Blazingstar, Challenger, • Hardy Nectar, Contender, Coralstar, China Pearl, PF-27A, Encore and Crimson Rocket all cropped well in 2012. • -11.9°F killed all peach flower buds on Feb 3, 2011. • PF-1, Blushingstar, Contender, China Pearl and Encore were recommended for central and northern NM. • NMSU Research Report 782 All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 3 2019 MG Training Apricots PF-1 Surecrop Risingstar Sureprince Blazingstar • Goldcot • Harglow • Harlyne Saturn Redhaven Nectar Ark 9 Intrepid • Nice shade tree in NM Coralstar Blushingstar Ruston Red Contender China Pearl PF-27A Encore Crimson Rocket China Pearl All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu High tunnel apricot production Cultivar yields in two systems in at Alcalde 2015 Cultivar Training Yield(lb) size(g) STILL VERY RISKY! • Puget Gold had the highest Chinese Aprocit Spindle 18.56 B 45.7 B yield in spindle system while Golden Amber Spindle 19.62 B 41.0 BC Slim Spindle Golden Amber had the Harcot Spindle 24.06 AB 45.3 B highest for UFO. Katy Spindle 16.75 B 53.5 A • On average, UFO produced Puget Gold Spindle 29.06 A 39.2 C 60% yield of the spindle Chinese Apricot UFO 10.23 B 46.6 BC system in 2015. Golden Amber UFO 18.59 A 39.7 C Harcot UFO 8.62 B 53.7 B Katy UFO 14.94 AB 61.3 A Puget Gold UFO 11.32 AB 53.4 B All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Equipment: Cherries • Lapins Blackgold Thermostat Worthington Pro Grade 100-lb Propane Tank MASTER 125,000-170,000 Btu PROPANE/LP FORCED AIR HEATER: ~$300 with automatic on All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ and off functionNew Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 4 2019 MG Training Sweet Cherries • White Gold, Blackgold, Lapins, Sweetheart Tart Cherries • Stella: first self-fertile cultivar, small • Lambert, Van, and Bing going down, Lapins and • Montmorency Balaton, Danube Sweetheart going up in Washington State Amarelle type Morello type All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Plums Japanese plum-Santa Rosa • Earlyblue fruited in 2018! • Castleton • Stanley • All European type All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Stone fruit winter hardiness in 2011 Assessment of winter/frost damage • Tart cherry, European plum> sweet cherry> for stone fruit apricot>Japanese plum>peach. • How many buds are swelling- those do not swell • Peach: Encore, China Pearl, and Intrepid> are damaged early (winter damage); Contender, Surecrop, PF-1>Blazingstar • How many buds are blooming- some buds • Apricot: Harlyne, Sunglo, Harglow> Goldcot, swelled but do not go further; Puget Gold, Perfection. • How many flowers have normal green pistils. • Blackgold, Stella> Whitegold, Rainer • How many flowers set fruit. • Peach flower was less hardier than other species. There were still enough flower buds left at -7.2°F but nothing left at -11.3°F. • Tools: razor blade, magnify glass All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 5 2019 MG Training Peach winter damage Feb 3, 2011 China Pearl Crimson Rocket Suitable for narrow space All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ planting in the backyard. New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Peach leaf buds were OK except for “Galaxy”. aces.nmsu.edu Japanese plum and European Apple frost damages plum All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Frost management Late blooming Varieties • Most critical issue in fruit production in NM • Harglow- apricot • Black Gold- cherry • Contender-peach • China Pearl-peach • HoneyCrisp, Evercrisp-apple All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 6 2019 MG Training Frost management Frost protection • Site selection: a suitable site is the most • Wind machine/helicopter-commercial important issue in frost protection. Avoid • Burner cold pocket, field with 4-8% slope- ease • Sprinkler: over head sprinkler/under the drainage of cold air. canopy sprinkler • Frost protection: those techniques are • Row cover useful in non-perfect locations • (Christmas lights for single backyard tree) All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Under canopy Sprinklers Overhead sprinklers • Need continuous water supply All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu Orchard Fans Training and Pruning The central leader system is suitable for apple trees for home gardeners. Central Leader System Extension Pub H-333 All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu aces.nmsu.edu 7 2019 MG Training Super Spindle Tall spindle system and vertical axe All About Discovery! ™ All About Discovery!
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