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Setting up a Road Map for Mixed Migration in West And SETTING UP A ROAD MAP FOR MIXED MIGRATION IN WEST AND NORTH AFRICA High-Level Expert Meeting The views expressed in this report are those of the participants of the high-level expert meeting, which took place between the 16th and 18th June 2019, working on the joint development of a roadmap for mixed migration in West and North Africa. These opinions do not necessarily represent those of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM strongly believes that human and orderly migration is beneficial to migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM works with its partners in the international community to help solve the operational challenges posed by migration; to increase understanding of the challenges; to promote economic and social development through migration; and to preserve the human dignity and well-being of migrants. _______________________________________________ Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 717 9111 Fax: +41 22 798 6150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int _______________________________________________ Cover: A young Bantu refugee is happy to finally leave Dadaab camp. © IOM 2003/Christophe CALAIS © 2019 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. SETTING UP A ROAD MAP FOR MIXED MIGRATION IN WEST AND NORTH AFRICA High-Level Expert Meeting Aswan, Egypt 16th to 18th June 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IOM would like to thank all the participants who were able to attend these three days of exchanges as well as those who contributed remotely: Dr Ahmed Mohamed, A. (Sudan/Clark University); Dr Adetula, V. (Nigeria, Sweden/Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala); Dr Bell, C. (United States/Stable Seas); Pr. Dicko, B.E (Mali/University of Arts and Human Sciences of Bamako); Dr Eldin, A.G. (Sudan/Ahfad University for Women); Dr El Jack, A. (Qatar/Qatar University); Pr. Fall, P.D. (Senegal/Sheikh Anta Diop University); Pr. Kandilige, L. (Ghana/University of Ghana); Pr. Khachani, M. (Morocco/University of Rabat, Mohamed V Agdal); Dr. Kossi, S.D. (Togo/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pr. Labdelaoui, H. (Algérie/Université Alger 2 CREAD, Centre de recherche en économie appliquée pour le développement); Pr. Labidi, L. (Tunisie/Institut National du Travail et des Etudes Sociales); Dr. Landau, L. (South Africa/University of the Witwatersrand); Dr Obiezu, E. X. (Nigeria/Nnamadi Azikiwe University); Ms. Ouakka, S. (France/Université Sorbonne-Nouvelle); Dr Sangli, G. (Burkina Faso/Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population); Mr. Vidal Terrazas, I. (Senegal/UNODC); Dr Zohry, A. (Egypt/The Egyptian Society for Migration Studies). IOM would like to thank all those who made this event possible and this publication a reality, including: Ms. Sophie Nonnenmacher, Mr. Yvain Bon, Ms. Josra Riecke, Ms. Kristina Mejo, Ms. Mervat Elshafiey, Ms. Salma Elsaid and Ms. Amira Abouzeid. This publication was produced by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Regional Office for West and Central Africa with the support of consultant Mr. Antoine Rerolle. This publication was made possible with the support of the project “Capacity Building to Better Respond to Mixed Migration Flows on the Central Mediterranean Route (MIRAC)”. Contributors to the MIRAC include: Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, France, Portugal and Switzerland. iii PREFACE This report is the result of three days of dialogue and exchange of experiences, knowledge and opinions of high-level experts that met in Aswan in June 2019. The number of migrants reached 258 million in 2017, up from 173 million in 2000 worldwide. This increase is also due to the socio-political tensions in the West and Central African (WCA) and Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Migrants come from diverse cultures, social and economic classes, which motivate migration at various scales. The positive impacts of migration cannot be denied. Migrants represent about 3% of the world’s current population, but they produce more than 9% of the world’s GDP; some US$3 trillion more than if they remained in their countries of origin1. Statistically, we can predict that migration will allow GDP per capita to rise from USD 2,008 in 2016 to USD 3,249 in 2030, an annual increase of 3.5% over the same period. Migration is a driver of cultural wealth and diversity. Remittances to Africa increased from USD 38.4 billion in 2005-2007 to an average of USD 64.9 billion in 2014-2016. This represented 51% of private capital flows to Africa in 2016, compared to 42% in 20102. This report presents these new migration dynamics analysed by representatives of governments, academics and international experts, with a view to familiarizing themselves with new concepts on modern migration and highlighting relevant proposals and practical solutions maximizing the benefits of migration for migrants and societies. The report highlights these new perspectives, which remind us of the importance of translating economic and societal mobility into a positive perspective of mutual enrichment. Mr. Laurent M.J. de Boeck Chief of Mission International Organization for Migration to the Arab Republic of Egypt 1 IOM and McKinsey & Company (2018): More than number. How migration data can deliver real-life benefits for migrants and governments. Geneva: IOM. v 2 UNCTAD (2018): Economic development in Africa. Migration for structural transformation. Report 2018. Geneva: United Nations. FOREWORD During the deliberations of the African Union (AU) over the past two decades, discussions on migration issues have been extremely rich and relevant. The continent’s approach to migration management and governance has been defined by key policy documents, reflecting the perspective of Member States and their proactive approach to these issues. These include: the African Common Position on Migration and Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children, and the Migration Policy Framework for Africa adopted in 2006. To date, the vision of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and its approach to dealing with mixed migratory flows are set out in two Council information documents. The first discussion document dates from 2008 and is entitled “The Challenges of Irregular Migration: An Approach to Mixed Migration Flows.” This note focuses on conceptual issues related to mixed migratory movements by proposing definitions to improve understanding of this phenomenon. In 2009, a second document was published under the title “Irregular Migration and Mixed Flows: IOM’s Approach.” The latter describes the Organization’s practical approach in setting up direct assistance projects for vulnerable categories of migrants involved in such movements. IOM is implementing a wide range of activities in the region to improve the protection of migrants in the face of the many challenges they face. Through flow monitoring points, IOM regularly collects and publishes important data on the nature of these flows as well as on the profiles of migrants in the region. IOM also seeks to promote and improve other existing sources of data on migration, including institutional and academic data, with a view to encouraging the formulation of public policies based on sound and reliable information. In North Africa, the Migration Hub (MHub) is the result of the collaboration of the Working Group on Mixed Migration in North Africa, which brings together eight key actors working on various aspects of migration (IOM, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [OHCHR], Regional Mixed Migration Secretary [RMMS], Danish Refugee Council [DRC], Save the Children, Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR], United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF] and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC]). MHub promotes a human rights-based approach to the protection of people whose mobility is part of mixed and complex flows to and from North Africa. In West Africa, IOM continues to support ECOWAS in its commitment to encourage well governed and secure migration between its member states. The Organization also implements initiatives that spans across all countries in West Africa and encourage the same standards of protection for all migrants and return migrants. The increasing mobilities between West and North Africa requires indeed more connexions between policy dialogues and programmes to stay relevant to the way people move and experience challenges to their security and well-being. Although significant progress has been made in the framework of the Working Group on Mixed Migration in North Africa, there is a need for North African countries, as countries of origin, transit and destination, to adopt a collaborative approach to managing migration flows to and from the region. Governments would benefit greatly from increased cooperation and a common understanding. This will enable them to improve the coherence of migration policies in the region
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