The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Progress with Reducing Risk at Sellafield
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Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
Nuclear Decommissioning (LT) Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plan in Lithuania
Security and Defence Nuclear Decommissioning (LT) Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plan in Lithuania Challenge (depending on the waste category), including the completion of the waste management COUNCIL REGULATION The decommissioning of a nuclear installation such as infrastructure where necessary; establishing the nuclear a power plant or research reactor is the final step in 4. implementation of the building demolition decommissioning assistance its lifecycle. It involves activities from shutdown and programme; programme of the Ignalina removal of nuclear material to the environmental nuclear power plant in Lithuania 5. obtaining the decommissioning licence once Unit 1 restoration of the site. The whole process is long and and Unit 2 of the Ignalina nuclear power plant are and repealing Regulation (EU) No complex: it typically takes 20 to 30 years. It is also 1369/2013 defueled; fraught with technical, technological and financiall 6. downgrading of radiological hazards. Council Regulation (EU) 2021/101 challenges. The EU legal framework sets the highest safety standards for all activities regarding nuclear Furthermore, knowledge and experience gained and Period of Application installations, including their decommissioning. lessons learnt under the programme with regard to 2021–2027 the decommissioning process shall be disseminated In application of its Act of Accession to the Union, among Union stakeholders, thus enhancing the EU Lithuania anticipated the shutdown of the two nuclear added value of the programme. reactors in Ignalina within the agreed deadlines (2004 and 2009). RELEVANT WEBSITE FOR MORE Actions INFORMATION The Union committed to provide financial support for The actions to be funded by the Ignalina programme https://europa.eu/!bC66CU the decommissioning, in accordance with approved plans, while keeping the highest level of safety. -
Sellafield Magazine: Issue 7
Editor's Letter Editor’s Letter British engineering making a hole lot of difference page 54 his issue of Sellafield Magazine comes later than originally advertised. As a publicly funded organisation we minimised our communication Tactivity in the run up to the General Election in June. It is our home within the civil service and as a subsidiary of the Nuclear Aspiring young writers visit Sellafield Decommissioning Authority that prompted another highlight from the page 70 last few months. Our digital home has moved. We are now part of the GOV.UK platform. You can read more about the transition of our website on page 63 and don’t forget to save our new address to your favourites: www.gov.uk/sellafieldltd We have been busy since our last issue so our pages are bursting with stories about the progress we are making on the Sellafield site. You can read about the doors we have installed into the side of an old waste silo on page 54; about the robots our supply chain partner Forth Engineering have developed to help us complete radiological surveys on page 12; and find out everything you need to know about our Site Ion Exchange Plant in the latest of our ‘In Focus’ series on page 50. Our new website: www.gov.uk/sellafieldltd is now live page 63 At a corporate level, we have published our new strategy as well as our transformation plan. Together they provide an overview of our direction and our approach to fundamental and far-reaching changes in our organisation. -
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC 1.DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体/海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software 2.Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
Documenting and Popularising British Nuclear Power: Exploring Science Infotainment
InMedia The French Journal of Media Studies 7.2. | 2019 Documentary and Entertainment Documenting and Popularising British nuclear power: Exploring science infotainment Lucie de Carvalho Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1607 DOI: 10.4000/inmedia.1607 ISSN: 2259-4728 Publisher Center for Research on the English-Speaking World (CREW) Printed version Date of publication: 15 December 2019 Electronic reference Lucie de Carvalho, “Documenting and Popularising British nuclear power: Exploring science infotainment ”, InMedia [Online], 7.2. | 2019, Online since 16 December 2019, connection on 26 January 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1607 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/inmedia.1607 This text was automatically generated on 26 January 2021. © InMedia Documenting and Popularising British nuclear power: Exploring science infotai... 1 Documenting and Popularising British nuclear power: Exploring science infotainment Lucie de Carvalho Introduction 1 When Stephen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018, much of the tribute paid underscored his iconic popularising skills. With the likes of Richard Attenborough or Jeremy Vine, Hawking rose to the status of documentary voice and British national public treasure. He also helped build bridges between science and the British public both through books and documentaries. The latter in particular have held a place of pride in the popularising techniques regarding the sometimes-esoteric world of natural or experimental sciences. As a television sub-genre, documentaries are distinct from news-providing or fiction programmes but borrow elements from both. For Bill Nichols, “The appearance of documentary involves the combination of three pre- existing elements--photographic realism, narrative structure, and modernist fragmentation—along with a new emphasis on the rhetoric of social persuasion.”1 It means that a documentary is based on chronicling the “real” through images and sounds, mostly with an activist intent. -
Sellafield What to Do in a Radiation Emergency Booklet
WHAT TO DO IN AN Emergency At Sellafield This information is prepared for everyone within the Detailed Emergency Planning Zone and the Inner Emergency Planning Zone for the Sellafield Site. EMERGENCY INFORMATION Listen to local radio. Monitor social media platforms. Dial the Sellafield Emergency Information Line on 29th September 2021 It is important that you study this booklet carefully and keep it in a safe and prominent place. WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY Introduction • This booklet gives advice on what to do in the event of an emergency at the Sellafield Site. • Sellafield is Europe’s largest single nuclear site and stores and handles industrial size quantities of radioactive material. Although unlikely, an emergency could occur involving material being stored and processed on the Site. In addition, Sellafield also holds a large inventory of other hazardous substances and again although unlikely an emergency could occur involving the chemicals being utilised on the Site. • It must be stressed that the possibility of such emergencies occurring is remote and that the design and operation of all plants on the site are independently monitored by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and Environment Agency (EA). • Current assessments of the radiological hazards indicate that areas between 6.1km & 8km from the centre of the Sellafield Site could be the most likely areas to be directly affected during and following a radiation emergency, this area is referred to as the Detailed Emergency Planning Zone (DEPZ). To see its geographical extent please see map A (pg13) & C (pg20). • In addition, other assessments of the chemical hazards indicate that an area up to 2km from the centre of the Sellafield Site could be the most likely area to be directly affected during and following a chemical emergency, this area is referred to as the Inner Emergency Planning Zone (IEPZ). -
International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety
OFFICIAL PROGRAMPREVIEW International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety International Cooperation Hosted by the Nuclear Criticality Safety Division of the American Nuclear Society Co-Sponsored by NEA Photo by Randy Montoya/SandiaPhoto Randy by Laboratories National September 13-17, 2015 Omni Charlotte Hotel Charlotte, NC 2015 International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety Our most sincere thanks to the following contributors for their support Gold Level Silver Level Bronze Level Other Table of Contents General Meeting Information Conference Officials 4 Schedule at a Glance 5 Daily Schedule 6-7 General Information 8 Plenary and Special Sessions Welcome Reception 9 Opening Plenary 9 Reception at the Mint Museum 9 ICNC Poster Session and Reception 10 Banquet Dinner at Founders Hall 10 ICNC Workshop 10 V.C. Summer Nuclear AP1000® Nuclear Plant 10 International Cooperation Construction Tour Columbia Fuel Fabrication Facility Plant Tour 10 Technical Sessions Technical Sessions by Day: Monday 11-12 Technical Sessions by Day: Tuesday 13-16 Technical Sessions by Day: Wednesday 17-20 Technical Sessions by Day: Thursday 21-22 Additional Hotel Map 23 www.ans.org 2015 International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety: Official Program 3 Meeting Officials International Cooperation International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety Every 4 years the international nuclear criticality safety community gathers to discuss technical, operational, computational, and regulatory issues in the practice of nuclear criticality safety. ICNC 2015 (International Conference on Nuclear Criticality) allows specialists from around the globe to come together to discuss, analyze and study the latest developments in the area of nuclear criticality safety. This is a unique opportunity to exchange ideas with industry experts, leaders, colleagues and peers. -
Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site
Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM 2016 September 18-23, 2016, Kobe, Japan Paper No. 3034 Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site Maz Hussain Sellafield Ltd., United Kingdom. Abstract Background The UK nuclear decommissioning priority is to reduce risk and hazard and to deliver the clean-up mission cost effectively. This is particularly relevant at Sellafield where the Legacy Ponds and Silos pose the most significant challenges. The availability of safe packaging for the movement and storage on the Sellafield site is a key enabler to meet the NDA mission for safe interim storage ahead of its subsequent treatment, packaging and final storage to a Geologic Disposal Facility (GDF). There are a significant number of packages and package design types operating on the Sellafield site. Some packages are licensed to the IAEA regulations for safe transport and others comply only with the Sellafield site specific requirements. Introduction Packages to and from the Sellafield site need to comply with the IAEA regulations for safe transport and must meet the Sellafield site requirements. However, the IAEA regulations do not apply to packages within a licensed site. For on-site safe package operations compliance is required against Sellafield site specific procedures, standards and guidance. Package Management System There are a significant number and types of package transfers routinely undertaken safely on the Sellafield site. The packages range from small (18Kg) hand held sample castles to large complex (100Te) packages some with in-built gamma gates, mechanical interlocks and hoisting drive mechanisms. The Sellafield Package Management System (SPMS) efficiently manages package operations and includes for asset register, package tracking, operational history and maintenance. -
Onr Corporate Plan 2017/18 En Route to 2020
ONR CORPORATE PLAN 2017/18 EN ROUTE TO 2020 Office for Nuclear Regulation Corporate Plan 2017/18 Financial year 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Paragraphs 23 and 25(3) of Schedule 7 to the Energy Act 2013 July 2017 © ONR copyright 2017 The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as ONR copyright and the document title specified. Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474145695 Web ISBN 9781474145701 ID P002881793 06/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK for Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office CONTENTS 1. Foreword .........................................................................................................1 2. About this plan ..............................................................................................3 3. Our Operating Environment .........................................................................9 4. Our Strategic Themes and Key Activities ....................................................15 Influencing improvements -
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Infrastructure Development Working Group Meeting 8 May 2014 Natasha Hanson Head of People Relations Skills Challenges Growing Global Demand for Nuclear Skills An Ageing Workforce The NDA Estate Wide Resource Profile NDA Total Resource Gap - 2012 to 2026 18000 Shortage = -1395 17000 16000 15000 Excess = +930 14000 13000 Total Demand Attrition 2.5% pa 12000 11000 Full Time Equivalent Number 10000 9000 8000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Year 3 NDA Estate Wide & New Nuclear Build Requirements NDA Estate and New Build Requirements 28000 26000 24000 22000 20000 18000 16000 14000 NDA Estate 12000 New Build 10000 Total 8000 Full Time Equivalent Number 6000 4000 2000 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Year 4 NDA Estate Resource Issues • Acceleration of de-commissioning leading to early release of nuclear resources • Low staff attrition (average of 2% for staff) • Higher attrition of ASW staff – dependent on economic climate, opportunities within the catchment and scarcity of skill • Over next 15 years at least 34% of the workforce will reach pensionable age • Implied recruitment of 18% of existing population over the next 15 years • Approach (overall) is to continue with apprentice, and graduate training schemes and development of the current workforce 5 Skills Priorities High Priorities Other Priorities • Project / Programme Managers • Design Engineers / Technicians • Construction Project Managers • Quality Assurance • Steel -
The RSPB's 2050 Energy Vision
Section heading The RSPB’s 2050 energy vision Meeting the UK’s climate targets in harmony with nature Technical report The RSPB’s vision for the UK’s energy future 3 Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 Authors .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 11 List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 12 List of figures and tables ....................................................................................................................... 15 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Aims and scope ................................................................................................................................. 18 1.3 Limitations to the analysis ................................................................................................................ 19 1.4 Structure of the -
Magnox Corrosion
Department Of Materials Science & Engineering From Magnox to Chernobyl: A report on clearing-up problematic nuclear wastes Sean T. Barlow BSc (Hons) AMInstP Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK IOP Nuclear Industry Group, September 28 | Warrington, Cheshire, UK Department Of Materials Science & Engineering About me… 2010-2013: Graduated from University of Salford - BSc Physics (Hons) Department Of Materials Science & Engineering About me… 2013-2018: Started on Nuclear Fission Research Science and Technology (FiRST) at the University of Sheffield Member of the Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL) group • Wasteforms cement, glass & ceramic • Characterisation of materials (Trinitite/Chernobylite) • Corrosion science (steels) Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Fully funded project based PhD with possibility to go on secondment • 3-4 month taught course at Manchester • 2 mini-projects in Sheffield • 3 years for PhD + 1 year write up • Funding available for conferences and training • Lots of outreach work • Site visits to Sellafield reprocessing facility, Heysham nuclear power station & Atomic Weapons Authority Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Fully funded project based PhD with possibility to go on secondment • 3-4 month taught course at Manchester • 2 mini-projects in Sheffield • 3 years for PhD + 1 year write up • Funding available for conferences and training • Lots of outreach work • Site visits to Sellafield reprocessing facility, Heysham nuclear power station & Atomic Weapons Authority Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Department Of Materials Science & Engineering 2017: Junior Project Manager at DavyMarkham Department Of Materials Science & Engineering PhD projects… 4 main projects 1. Magnox waste immobilisation in glass 2.