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Concepts of Authorship in Pre-Modern Arabic Texts Bamberger 7 Orientstudien Concepts of Authorship in Pre-Modern Arabic Texts Lale Behzadi, Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila (eds.) 7 Bamberger Orientstudien Bamberger Orientstudien hg. von Lale Behzadi, Patrick Franke, Geoffrey Haig, Christoph Herzog, Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn und Susanne Talabardon Band 7 2015 Concepts of Authorship in Pre-Modern Arabic Texts Lale Behzadi und Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila (eds.) 2015 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informatio- nen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbiblio- thek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: Digital Print Group, Nürnberg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Anna Hitthaler Cover Linkes Bild: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Ga‘far Ibn-Ahmad: Kitāb miškāt al-misbāh wa-hayāt al-ar- wāh [u.a.] - BSB Cod.arab. 1191, [S.l.], 579 = 1183 [BSB-Hss Cod.arab. 1191], S. 3, urn:nbn:de:bv- b:12-bsb00006253-7 Persistenter Link: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00006253/image_3 Cover Mittleres Bild: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Ahdarī,‘Abd-ar-Rahmān Ibn-Muhammad al- / uz ānī, ‘Abd-al- Wāhid: Šarh al-Ahdarī ‘alā matn as-sullam fī ‘ilm al-mantiq - BSB Cod.arab. 676, [S.l.], Donnerstag, 10. Djumâdâ II. 1202 [8. März 1788] [BSB-Hss Cod.arab. 676], S. 10, urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00082155-2Ǧ ǧ Persistenter Link: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00082155/image_10 Cover Rechtes Bild: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Muftī, ‘Izz-ad-Dīn Muhammad al-: Ta‘līqa ‘alā Misbāh al-‘ulūm fī ma‘rifat al-Haiy al-Qaiyūm - BSB Cod.arab. 1276, [S.l.], 1698 [1110 H] [BSB-Hss Cod.arab. 1276], S. 3, urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00037555-3 Persistenter Link: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00037555/image_3 © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg 2015 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2193-3723 ISBN: 978-3-86309-383-9 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-384-6 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-461817 Table of Contents Preface 7 LALE BEHZADI: Introduction: The Concept of Polyphony and the Author’s Voice 9 ANTONELLA GHERSETTI: A Pre-Modern Anthologist at Work: The Case of Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Waṭwāṭ (d. 718/1318) 23 DIMITRI GUTAS: The Author as Pioneer[ing Genius]: Graeco-Arabic Philosophical Autobiographies and the Paradigmatic Ego 47 ANDREAS GÖRKE: Authorship in the Sīra Literature 63 ABDESSAMAD BELHAJ: The Council of Dictation (imlāʾ) as Collective Authorship: An Inquiry into Adab al-imlāʾ wa-l-istimlāʾ of al-Samʿānī 93 BILAL W. ORFALI AND MAURICE A. POMERANTZ: Assembling an Author: On The Making of al-Hamadhānī’s Maqāmāt 107 VAHID BEHMARDI: Author Disguised and Disclosed: Uncovering Facts in al-Hamadhānī’s Fiction 129 ILKKA LINDSTEDT: Who Authored al-Madāʾinī’s Works? 153 JAAKKO HÄMEEN-ANTTILA: Multilayered Authorship in Arabic Anecdotal Literature 167 ZOLTÁN SZOMBATHY: Reluctant Authors: The Dilemma of Quoting Disapproved Content in Adab Works 189 LALE BEHZADI: Authorial Guidance: Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī’s Closing Remarks 215 Notes on Authors 235 Preface The history of Arabic literature presents itself characteristically as a his- tory of names which implicates that the prevalence of authors them- selves shapes our perception of literary history.1 By contrast, however, au- thors can be very hard to track, often dissolving and hiding amidst other voices, as we will see in this volume. Asking about the author invariably means asking about the preconditions of our research. It also means that concepts of authorship always point to something beyond the author. At the same time we inevitably stumble over the author in a sense every time we try to understand a text. The questions on authorship that could be asked of pre-modern Arabic texts are manifold and cover a wide range of approaches. As a result of a collaboration between the Universities of Bamberg and Helsinki we dis- cussed some of these questions at an international workshop in Bam- berg in 2012, roughly grouping them into the following sections: (1) the different forms of self-preservation and the staging of authorship, respectively; (2) the various functions an author can adopt, i.e. editor, narrator, commentator, compiler, etc.; (3) the relationship between au- thor and text, i.e. his presence, influence, and intention; (4) the impor- tance of biography with regard to social relations, economic context, pa- tronage, personal situation, etc.; (5) the problem of intellectual property and copyright; (6) the different and often contradicting perspectives an author can provide and the reader can adopt, i.e. the author as an author- ity, as an individual, as a character, etc.2 1 This goes along with a reduction in complexity we should be aware of. Jannidis et al., “Rede über den Autor an die Gebildeten unter seinen Verächtern,” 32 (for bibliographical details, see “introduction”). 2 It is rather difficult to produce a comprehensive list of all possible authorial functions. It is also true that there are many different terms and definitions, such as “precursory authorship”, “executive authorship”, “collaborative authorship”, “revisionary authorship” etc., depending on the academic perspective and zeitgeist. Love, Attributing Authorship, 32-50 (for bibliographical details, see “introduction”). Preface The contributions in this book show authorial functions in the most var- ied ways; they provide inspiration and suggestions for new readings and interpretations. This volume therefore constitutes an initial step on the road towards a more profound understanding of authorial concepts in pre-modern Arabic literature and will hopefully encourage further re- search in this field. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to our colleagues who have contributed to this volume. They have been willing to participate in this very inspiring and never-ending scholarly endeavor of critical read- ing and re-reading of various Arabic textual genres. We wish to thank the Editorial Board of the Bamberger Orientstudien and the Bamberg Uni- versity Press for accepting this volume in their series. We also thank the Fritz Thyssen Foundation which made this workshop possible. Our spe- cial thanks go to our editorial assistant Felix Wiedemann for his strong commitment and valuable support. Lale Behzadi Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila Bamberg and Helsinki, November 18, 2015 8 Introduction: The Concept of Polyphony and the Author’s Voice Lale Behzadi The idea of investigating concepts of authorship seems fascinating and at the same time outdated, at least for those who are familiar with the theoretical debates of the past decades where every possible idea and opinion with regard to authorial concepts apparently has been uttered and published.1 Perhaps ‘outdated’ is not the right word; on the contrary, the author has been re-discovered, especially in medieval studies where contemporary literary theories are applied, albeit reluctantly. At the same time scholars in the field of research on pre-modern texts have expressed some kind of relief that the author has been deconstructed because pre- viously the focus there had been exclusively on the authorial instance.2 Another re-discovery continues to concern those who work with these texts: the phenomenon that interpretation as such, and especially when it comes to the author, remains an unsolvable problem. It seems that even with the most sophisticated theories and systems we still have to be content with approximation and an ongoing endeavor.3 Nevertheless, it does remain fascinating for two reasons: Firstly, the broad range of authorial manifestations in pre-modern Arabic texts remains to be thoroughly investigated. In this volume we focus mostly on prose texts from the 7th to the 13th centuries C.E.; it could be extended, though, until the advent of modernity, i.e. the 18th century. We are convinced that the author as figure, category, and function is not only interesting for Arabic Literary Studies but for Middle Eastern Studies in 1 For an overview on the debate, see for example Burke, The Death and Return of the Author, Jannidis, Rückkehr des Autors, or Spoerhase, Autorschaft und Interpretation (Chapter 1: Der “Tod” des Autors und seine “Rückkehr” als “Autorfunktion”). 2 Wenzel, “Autor und Autorschaft,” 1. 3 Rather than looking for an all-time solution, research can identify temporary conditions for plausibility. For authorship as a marker of time and space, see Dannenberg, “Zum Autorkonstrukt und zu einem methodologischen Konzept der Autorintention,” 99-102. Lale Behzadi general, be it religious studies, history, art history, or other disciplines, especially those which rely on historical texts, documents, or other arti- facts.4 The concept of authorship points towards a certain anthropologi- cal constant, namely, who is speaking and to whom.5 Our second reason for taking a closer look at the author is based on our assumption that by including Arabic prose into the range of investigated sources the field of theory could be enriched. Furthermore, new perspec- tives to the discussion can emerge which is, to date, dominated by Euro- pean and North American medieval and literary studies that focus on texts generated in Europe. When we try to understand literary history as well as literary historiogra-
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