.t_~J(~ * - ~~· * ,.,. .· .. . , ~. TO THE lVIElVIBERSHIP

The fiscal year for this Association ended on Octo­ force made up, for the most part, of relatively conven­ ber 31, 1959. This year has been both an important tional weapons. At the same time and as a result of one in progress and a crucial on~ in its impacts on rapid advances in technology, the defense establish­ the aerospace industry. ment must support an unusually large research and In progress, the year was marked by impressive development effort so that the greater performance gains in air and space science and technology, and by capabilities inherent in new and advanced weapons fulfillment of the long-heralded jet age of air trans­ can be realized at the earliest possible date. portation. A number of important weapons moved To operate and maintain a tried and effective force­ from test to operational status. More successful ex­ in-being is a costly undertaking. To compress into plorations of space were accomplished, and the thresh­ some five years the research and development efforts old of man-in-space projects was reached through re­ that normally would take perhaps twenty-five to fifty search and through flight tests of a manned air and years is another extremely costly program. To en­ space vehicle. Significant gains also were made in air­ deavor to do both concurrently is a challenge of the craft and missile technology, including new tooling greatest magnitude. and manufacturing methods. Test status was reached The military will be required to take greater calcu­ in rocket engines far more powerful than any presently lated risks in making determinations as to the alloca­ in use . tion of funds. They will be forced to earlier deci­ Great advances also were made in utility aircraft sions that future programs will prove out. This means and helicopter improvements and sales, and in the that projects of great future promise may have to be development of new ideas in vertical and sh ort-take­ delayed to provide for an immediate capability. This, off-and-landing aircraft. in turn, has varied and profound effects upon the in­ This year, as in the past several years, was marked dustry members of the team. by changes which deeply affect the co nstituted aero­ Reduced weapons inventories of the missile era has space industry-changes horn of the very progress brought a shift from mass production to precision which is being made in the development of weapons of fabrication of very limited quantities. One result of almost cataclysmic potential. The rate at which this is that more and more companies are competing changes are occurring in virtually every facet of en­ for fewer and fewer contracts. Another result is that deavor is posing far-reaching problems for industry's the need for an unprecedented degree of reliability in management. components has made precision fabrication more es­ While solving many of the technological problems sential than ever before. This requires an extensive involved in the development and fabrication of new realignment of our labor force with a decline in the aircraft, missiles and space vehicles, equal success was number of producti on workers and an increased re­ not enj oyed in solving many of the other acute prob­ quirement for engineering and technical skills. It ne­ lems confronting the industry. cessitates high-cost machines which quickly could he­ First are the problems confronting our maj or cus­ come useless as the result of an advance in our tech­ tomer- the Defense Department- which industry must nology. It is pertinent to observe that the cost to share directly or indirectly. Our military customer develop one of our modern weapon systems could must continue to maintain an effecti ve retaliatory easily exceed the cost of producing the limited num-

2 ber of weapons that defense would require. policies and procedures governing the utilization of Thus, during this period, we are primarily devoted the airspace. The increasing use of modern, high­ to research and development, rather than production speed jets-both military and commercial-together effort. To meet and solve these problems, aircraft and with the increased usage of utility aircraft of all types, mi ssile manufacturers have made and are continuing necessitated careful coordination of industry's need for to make radical changes in their organizations in or­ adequate space in which to conduct its flight test oper­ der to cover the broad scope of aircraft, missiles, ations without interfering with the activities of other spacecraft, their propulsion systems, guidance and airspace users. It is not generally realized that flight related equipments. test operations also are essential for development of Reflecting the changing nature of the organization some missiles, guidance systems, and aeronautical and activities of the companies who comprise this As­ equipment and components as well as for complete sociation, the organization name was changed in May aircraft. to Aerospace Industries Association. By definition, Therefore, industry participation in the solution of aerospace embraces research, development and produc­ airspace problems is necessary in order that the Fed­ tion of manned and unmanned vehicles and their sup­ eral Aviation Agency may have available all the in­ porting eq uipment for movement above the Earth's formation it needs for proper evaluation of test re­ surface, whether they move within the layer of atmos­ quirements. phere which surrounds our planet or above it. Typical of recent projects in which AlA members Two other organizational changes were made to pro­ have made a major contribution are these : vide greater concentration of effort on specific activi­ l. The development of a new system for machining ties. As a result of the rapidly increasing proportion of complex aircraft and missile parts which offers sav­ the defense dollar which is allocated for missiles-ap­ ings in skilled man-hours of 80 to 95 per cent. This proximately 6.8 billion dollars in the current fi scal year, system, called APT for Automatically Programmed compared to 58 million dollars in 194-7-the Guided Tool, employs a teclmique similar to the paper roll in Missile Committee of the Association, formerly a divi­ a player piano. A high-speed digital computer cal­ sion of the Technical Service, was reorganized in June culates the data necessary to program the motions of a as a separate entity known as th e Gu ided Missile Coun­ numerically controlled machine tool in cutting metal cil. Previously, the Committee had concerned itself pri­ co mponents. An example of the time and money sav­ marily with the engineering aspects of missile research ings made possible by this system is evident in the and manufacture. The reorganization was made to programming task for a wing rib shape, which re­ afford the Council a scope of activity encompassing quires 200 hours to program manually and only fiv e management interests in addition to engineering and hours by the APT method. manufacturing, and to give it increased stature in the APT was developed as a joint effort by the USAF Association. Thirty companies are represented on the Air Materiel Command, Massachusetts ·rnstitut e of Council, reflecting the wide participation of th e mem­ Techn ology and technical representatives of 19 ATA bership in the guided missile fi eld. member co mpanies. It is now being refined for even A Flight Operations Safety Committee also was es­ grea ter productive effi ciency under the managment of tablished to develop and present industry's views on the APT Project Coordinating Group of AI 's Nu-

3 merical Control Panel. these committees are prepared for or made available to 2. Preparation of an annual five- to ten-year forecast the Department of Defense, the Army, Navy, and Air of engineering and manufacturing trends and require­ Force, the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ ments, a document which represents the combined tration, the Federal Aviation Agency and other inter­ thinking of industry's top specialists in design, pro­ ested governmental agencies. Collectively, the results duction and materials. This important book serves as of this unheralded "pick-and-shovel" work produced a a guide to Government agencies in determining wheth­ fount of knowledge of inestimable value to the Na­ er certain projects are feasible within a given time pe­ tion's aerospace programs. riod, and it indic~tes to the Government, the aerospace industry and its allied industries, problem areas which General Aviation: will require increased attention and effort and future One of the brightest spots in the aerospace picture requirements for tools, equipment and materials. This is the increased acceptance of small aircraft for busi­ forecast is a joint effort on the part of several AlA ness and utility purposes. The five-year period, 1954- committees and subcommittees. 1958, has seen the production and sale of such aircraft 3. Preparation of a study entitled "The MILDDU more than double, reaching 6,4-14 units valued at Proposal" which, despite its unwieldy title, is an im­ approximately $135,000,000. This trend has continued portant contribution to the increasingly complex prob­ during 1959. In the first nine months, the industry lem of logistic support. MILDDU is a program which has delivered approximately 5,600 units having a re­ wo uld provide a universal standard for military-indus­ tail value of $128,000,000, compared to 4,725 units try support data interchange, increase the accuracy of valued at $102,000,000 delivered in the same period spare parts accounting, reduce over-purchase of spares last year. and improve the speed and efficiency of providing To offset this promisinbrr trend is the shortarre of • b needed spares at the right time. landmg areas for the utility aircraft fleet. This creates The above are but a few examples of how AlA's two immediate problems: 1. the denial of the air age work promotes more efficient defense programming to those places which are not now air accessible; and and production. Daily, the 1900 members of the 42 2. increasing congestion, both on the airport itself committees are studying present and anticipated prob­ and, in the light of present thinking about the con­ lems in hundreds of areas. The data assembled by gested airspace, in the airspace itself.

The earnings rate of aerospace companies comprising the aircraft and parts industry-measured against both net worth and sales-continued to decline in the first quarter of 1959, following the trend of the previous three years. The rate of earnings on net worth has dropped from 20.3 per cent in 1956 to 8.8 per cent in the first quarter of 1959, well below the average for all manufacturing cor­ porations. These companies show only a slight change from 12.6 per cent in 1956 to 10.6 per cent in the first 3 months in 1959. The ratio of earnings to sales of aerospace companies has dropped stead­ ily from 3.1 per cent in 1956 to 2.3 per cent in 1959. All other manufacturing changed from 5.2 per cent in 1956 to 4.5 per cent in the first quarter of this year.

Vi 6 30 "'X f-"' :5 0 3: +-' z"' 0

-V) tlD .Er:::: u.J"' -0 tlD"' .sr:::: ~"' 5 c.."' 0 1956 1957 1958 1959 1956 1957 1958 1959 (First Quarter) (First Quarter) Source: Federal Trade Commission Sec urities and Excha nge Commission

4 Aviation Export: Despite a decline for the third consecutive year, ex­ ports of aircraft and other aeronautical products con­ tinue to represent about nine per cent of the total U. S. export of finished goods. Two elements largely responsible for the 1959 decline are : 1. the slowdown in this Nation's militar y assistance programs, an d 2. the declining market for larger piston-engined aircraft. Military aid, in the aviation categories, has been de­ clining rapidly, while shipments of piston-engined tran sports have slowed appreciably pending deliveries of turbine-powered units. On the brighter side, e),-ports of turbine-powered transports during 1960 are esti­ mated at $550 million as compared with $133 million fo r 1959. In this area, one of the knottiest problems facing the industry and the Government is the disposal, large­ ly through export, of several thousand used, multi­ engined, transport aircraft during the next several years. The Association is continuing its efforts to make this possible without disruption of major world ma rkets for new equipment. During the last session of Congress, the Association testified on various proposals which would affect our The demands of a rapidly expanding capabilities and endorsed that legislation which we technology have created increasing felt would better enable the industry to execute its requirements for engineers in the responsibilities. The Association testified in connec­ aircraft and missile industry. In tion with the extension of the Renegotiation Act of 1952, about 12 per cent of all em­ 1951. It submitted a statement presenting the indus­ ployees in the major aircraft com­ panies were engineers. T oday, ap­ try's position on various bills to change the basic pro­ proximately 22 per cent are engi­ curement law. The Administration-sponsored measure neers, and it is estimated that this to provide indemnification against hazardous risks was will increase to about 28 per cent in endorsed, and amendments to the National Space and the next fi ve years. Aeronautics Act which would make the patent provi­ sions of this Act parallel the policies and procedures of the Department of Defense were urged. A careful review of the Government's depreciation policies fo r tax and contract pricing purposes was recommended . The Helicopter Industry: In the regulatory fi eld, recommendations were made The developers and producers and operators of with regard to the definition of the aircraft industry­ heli copters are another rapidly growing element in currently subject to Labor Department review under our total aviation picture. In addition to the increased the Walsh-Healey Act. usage by military operators, widespread acceptance of A more detailed rep ort on the activities and accom· the heli copter as a profitable commercial transporta­ plishments of the various committees comprising the ti on vehicle is increasing. One of the major handicaps fi ve ser vices and three councils of the Al A will be to the progress of Nation-wide helicopter acceptance is found on the subsequent pages. the restricti ve local regulati ons which impede the full Respectfully submitted, utility of the helicopter's potential. Ever y eff ort is being made by the Helicopter Council to assist and co­ operate with cognizant branches of Federal, state and local government to advance heliport and helistop planning and to assist in the development of proper regulati ons which will increase helicopter usage. It is especially important that steps be taken now if the full potential to be derived from the a pplication of jet O RVAL R. CooK propulsion to the heli copter is to materialize during President the next few years. Aero pace Industries s ociation

5 A -( !--\ - ~~ AlA ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS

The Aerospace Industries Association of America, phase of aircraft, propulsion systems, missiles, space­ Inc., is the national trade association of the manu­ craft and associated components and accessories pro­ facturers of aircraft, guided missiles, rockets and en­ duction and their industry management. Each com­ gines, accessories, parts, materials and components mittee consists of high level company representatives used in the construction and operation of complete especially qualified in the various fi elds of responsi­ aircraft, missil es and spacecraft. Its organization in­ bility. cludes all major airframe, missile, spacecraft and en­ Through its five Services, three Councils, 17 main gine pr oducers and many major suppliers of aircraft Committees, and 20 Subcommittees, the Association and missile equipment. provides facilities for handling the multitude of tech­ Al A is concerned with the industry-wide aspects of nical, financial, legal, tax, public and industrial rela­ aerospace research , development and production. It tions, patent, traffic, maintenance support and other represents the industry's viewpoints and interests to problems. The helicopter and utility airplane interests the Government, the Congress, the military services, of the Association are banded under councils, each of allied and other industries and to the many segments which has staff service. of the public. It is cognizant of legislati on and regu­ AlA is made up of 117 members, including 72 vot­ ing members and 45 affiliates. lations that might affect the aerospace industry. It Chief executive officer is the President, who also is attempts to work out co operatively among its members General Manager, while a Vi ce President performs the and with appropriate agencies and organizations the duties of gen eral manager of the Western Region of­ solutions to problem of common interest. fi ce at Los Angeles. The eight AlA Services, including Policy di rection of the Association's activiti es is the Guided Missile Council , the Utility Airplane Coun­ vested in a Board of Governors which is composed of cil and the Helicopter Council operate under direction the chief executive offi cers of vari ous member com­ of the President. The Secretary-Treasurer acts as panies. Under this policy, Al A activities are carried business manager and handles all membership and on by committees and co un cils representing every fin ancial matters.

6 MEMBERSHIP

BOARD OF GOVERNORS

AIRCRAFT MFRS. COUNCIL

PRESIDENT (General Manager)

VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT (Western Office) (Asst. Gen. Mgr.)

COUNSELS SECRETARY-TREASURER Legal (Business Manager) Public Relations Legislative

Export Guided _ Helicopter .1 Industry Public l Technical l T tt· 11 Utility Service Missile Council Planning Relations ra IC r j Airplane Service Service r Service r Service I J Council Council

L------~ ~------~ 1~------~ ~------~ ~------~ ------~ EXPORT SERVICE

Importance of Aviation Exports to Export Committee National Economy: Export Advisory Committee Finance Committee The export of aviation products continues to make Military Aid Committee an important contribution to the national economy. Military and Civil Liaison Since the close of World War II, exports of aircraft Surplus Disposal Committee and other aeronautical products have aggregated over $16 billion. During 1958, these exports represented L. E. TOLLEFSON about 9 per cent of the total U. S. exports of finished Douglas Aircrajt Co . goods. Chairman, Export During 1959- for the third consecutive year-avia­ Committee tion exports have continued to decline, refl ecting the effect of the transition through which our industry is The Al A Export Service, with a world-wide sphere passing. Two of the leading elements responsible for of interest, works through its Export Committee or­ the decline in our exports are: the slowdown in our ganization in coping with export problems-both gov­ military assistance program, and the declining market ernmental and private. Through various avenues of for larger, piston-engined transport aircraft. Military communication, Export Service receives information aid, in the aviation categories, has been rapidly de­ primarily concerning the political and economic ac­ clining, while shipments of piston-engined transport tivities in 76 countries which bear upon the interests aircraft have slowed up appreciably pending deliven • of American aviation export. of the turbine-powered units. It is estimated that Illustrating the broad scope of this operation is the 1959 export of the new transports (with spares) will fact that, during the first nine months of 1959, some be on the order of $133 million, with about 550 mil­ 250 selected items from 73 political areas were cir­ li on scheduled for export in 1960. culated to AlA members. During the past year, sharp scrutiny has been fo­ Serving the National Interest: cused on foreign aviation markets, including the local and international influences affecting them. Areas Activities of the Export Service and its committee under continuous study include: the background of organization have through the years become increas­ market developments in respect to regional economic ingly important to the national interest. ot only do alliances; the increasing trend in product licensing, aviation exports contribute substantially to the Na­ foreign plant and other equity investments abroad; tion's economic stability, but they are equally bene­ Government export subsidies, extraordinary financ­ fi cial in contributing to our national prestige and inter­ ing and other kindred situations. The international national relations generally. In this regard, a very aviation information service, developed by the AlA comprehensive and effective program of mutual under­ Export Service over a period of forty years, has standing and assistance in matters of international achieved the capability to service, virtually "off-the­ trade and relations has been developed between the shelf," any question of a non-security or non-competi­ aviation industry and the Government. tive nature that may be raised regarding aviation mar­ The Export Service works closely with the Depart­ kets in any part of the export world. ments of State, Commerce, Defense, and other Gov.

8 attention to projects essential to industry's expott progress through its working committees: 1. Export Financing Efforts of this committee are directed toward aiding industry in securing better terms from the Export­ Import Bank, as well as increasing the awareness and understanding on the part of commercial banks and insurance companies of the international financ­ ing requirements of the industry. 2. Export Licensing and Related Security Clearances At mid-year 1959, the export licensing of all civil aviation products and related technical data was transferred from the Department of State to the De­ partment of Commerce. However, the Department of State retained the licensing authority with respect to military aviation materiel and data. As a result, many complications arose which, through industry­ Government consultations, are being progressively ernment ao-encies concerned with international trade straightened out. The intensive Military Aid Com­ defense and political affairs. By no means the least of mittee activity in this area also has accomplished these mutuallY beneficial endeavors is the fact that much in facilitating our industry's overseas opera­ through the j\erospace Industries Association, expor~ tions. The Committee works in areas where the executives of the lndustry have addressed eight suc­ agencies of other governments consider prompt ex­ cessive classes of U. S. Air Attache-designees during port release and li censing of their native aviation the past year. These lectures, dealing with non-com­ product a service their manufacturers have a right petitive, basic developments in world aviation, are a to e>..--pect. regular feature on the curriculum of the Air Attache 3. International Aviation Liaison classes. The Military and Civil Liaison Committee concen­ All facets of world conditions having a bearino- on trates its efforts on mai11taining cooperation with aviation export tra~e are continually studied, discu~sed the national aviation manufacturers' trade associa­ and mutually considered with appropriate Government tions in Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, officials. Italy and Japan. Similar continuing liaison is fos­ AlA Approach to International Trade Problems: tered with the Military and Civil Air Attaches of other "Free World" countries. Tumerous foreign In Export Service operations involving problems of air force missions on official tours of the U. S. are international trade, proposed projects must meet the honored and assisted by the Export Conm1ittee. following criteria: 1. projects must be of a non-com­ petitive nature (as between U. S. companies), and of 4. Orderly Marketing of Piston-Engined Transports sufficient and broad concern to the industry; 2. proj­ Cooperation with Government agencies in devising ects must be consistent with and in furtherance of the a program for the timely and effective distribution national interest; 3. industry members, with appropri­ of surplus civil and military air transports is a pri­ ate personnel-and with the Government, where need­ mary effort of the Surplus Disposal Committee. The ed-must join with AlA Export in diligently 'imrsuing disposal, largely through export, of several thou­ each mutually approved project to an ultimate conclu­ sand used, multi-engined, transport aircraft during sion; 4. the project must not duplica te action by any the next three or four years, without eli ruption of other trade association group which sufficiently meets major world markets for new equipment, is of great the requirements of the aviation industry; and, 5. all concern to our industry, the airlines, and our Gov­ important matters proposed for industry-wide han­ ernment. Through the efforts of the AlA Export dling must be considered by the Advisory Committee Service, the Departments of Commerce and State and, if approved, referred to one of the four working and the FAA have launched a project whereby the committees for study and recommendation to the Ex­ first Free World Censu,s of Civil Aircraft will be port Committee for appropriate action. published by December 31, 1960. The Aerospace Industries Association's Export Serv­ These are typical examples of the teamwork of Gov­ ice and its Export Committee, representing 38 manu­ ernment and industry in accomplishment of task that facturing members active in foreign trade, give major are in the interest of the Nation and of industry.

9 E. P. WHEATON Vice President, GUIDED MISSILE COUNCIL Douglas Aircraft Co. Chairman, Guided Missile Council

For the past fifteen years, the aircraft manufactur· keeping with the "weapon system" concept. This in­ ing industry has been undergoing a transition. From cludes early warning networks, search radars, effective an industry devoted entirely to aircraft manufacture communications, ground control, logistics support and up to the time of World War II, it moved into the facilities, and so on. missile field in the years followino- the war the new To encompass this great new field, the aerospace in­ 0 ' assignment increasing in proportion to the total work- dustry has had to revolutionize its manufacturing load with every passing year. methods. Equipment of the type carried in guided Due to the rapidly increasing demands placed upon missiles is subjected to fantastic environmental condi­ this phase of Aerospace Industries Association activ­ tions. Accelerations, vibrations, heat stresses and ity, the Guided Missile Committee of the AlA, for­ strains are of an order never encountered by any other merly a division of the Technical Service, was reorgan· device created by man. These environmental condi­ ized in June as the Guided Missile Council. The move tions have led the aerospace industry to manufactur­ was made to afford the Council a scope of activity in ing methods, assembly, and testing techniques that are keeping with the greatly expanding progress in this completely new. area of industry endeavor. Reliability: Previously, this division-operating as a function of the AlA Technical Service-concerned itself pri­ Continuing efforts were made by the Guided Missile marily with the engineering aspects of missile research Council to advise the Department of Defense concern· and manufacture. The reorganization permits the Council to encompass all management interests relat­ ing to guided missile manufacture, including engineer­ ing aspects of the industry. USAF's ballistic missile programs are supported by an Thirty manufacturing companies have membership aerospace industry team of more than 100,000 people of on the Council thus reflecting the wide participation which one out of every seven is a scientist or a technical by our companies in the fields of guided missiles and expert. Annual expenditures for these projects are about space vehicles. The Council, having both large and $2 billion. small companies as members, represents a true cross­ section of industry and thus is in a position to speak authoritatively on matters concerning guided mi ssiles and space vehicles. The average guided missile contains more than 300 .. 000 intricate parts. Failure of a single part which might cost but a few cents could mean the failure of a multi-million dollar missile system. The missile, once it leaves its launching site, must work perfectly. As a result, guided missiles have been developed in

10 ing the industry's views on the effectiveness of the De­ considerable benefit. Because of general interest in partment of Defense Reliability Monitoring Program. this connection, many companies with prime missile These views are to the effect that, although the DOD contracts are currently following the practice of hold­ document was welcomed as a policy guide, reliability ing de-briefing sessions with their potential subcon­ prediction to a statistical, defensible accuracy cannot tractors who have lost a subcontract award. be made to the degree implied in the DOD document. Bio-Astronautics: Exchange of Information on During 1959, at the request of the Armed F orces­ Testing Components: ational Research Council Committee on Bio-Astro­ In order to effect a saving in time required for de­ nautics, the Guided Missile Council participated in the velopment of missiles and a saving in funds to the effort to improve availability of information concern­ Government, the Guided Missile Committee requested ing organizations, key individuals, or groups of peo­ that the Department of Defense concur in an industry ple who are engaged in work in the fi eld of bio-astro­ plan for the voluntary exchange of information on nautics. testing of unclassified guided missile components Air Force Training of BaWstic Missile which have proved satisfactory. Personnel: Although a congressional report pointed up the de­ sirability of increased exchange of information on At its reques t, assistance was given to the Air Force guided missile matters, the Department of Defense Training Command, which is studying the most effec­ tabled our industry recommendation. It was stated tive methods of training Air Force personnel for op­ that, pending the results of a DOD study of the prob­ eration of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles. lem as related to the ballistic missile programs, they were not in a position to approve of or concur in our The Space Age: proposal. Although the member companies represented on the Guided Missile Council are already very active in all De-briefing of Contractors Following fi elds of space activity, the "young" space age has not Loss of Contract Awa1'(l: yet produced a significant impact on the overall aero­ The Council has urged the Department of Defense space industry manufacturing complex insofar as total to establish appropriate policies to insure de-briefin g product is concerned. It appears that space work will of contractors, on an individual company basis, fol­ reach significant proportions in a relatively sh ort time, lowing the loss by that company of any major contract although it is still too early to predict what proporti on award. of the industry's total product space projects will even­ The Council bases this recommendation on the ex­ tually assume. Guided missile research, development perience of companies who, on being given an occa­ and production will continue to occupy the major por­ sional de-briefing (following the award of a contract ti on of industry's attention in this area for some time to a company other than theirs), found it to be of to come.

ll wr

WILLIAM HUMMEL Government Reports Committee North American Data Processing Aviation, Inc. Facilities Reporting, Policy, and Procedures Chairman, Government R eports Committee Program Progress Reporting Industrial Security Committee Industrial Relations Advisory Committee Safety Wage and Unemployment Insurance Committee Training Directors Employment Managers and Selective Services Procurement and Finance Committee Contract Cost Principles WM. M. TODD General Research Costs Lockheed Aircraft Procurement Legislation Co rporation N ational Chairman Patent Provisions of the Space Act Industrial S ecurity Responsibility for Supplies Committee Uniform Subcontract Clauses Depreciation Settlement of Terminated Contracts Indemnification Against Nuclear & Other Unusually Hazardous Risks Technical Data and Proprietary Rights Patent Committee Technical Data and Proprietary Rights SIDNEY G. FABER Kollsman Instrument Procurement Regulations of the Space Adminis­ J. D. ESSARY, JR. Corporation tration Boeing Airplane Co. Chairman, Patent National Chairman, Committee Service Publications Committee Industrial R elations Maintenance of Missile Weapon Systems Advisory Committee Illustrated Parts Breakdowns for Aeronautical Articles Vendor Handbook Revisions and Changes for Air Force Vendor Handbook Revisions and Changes for Navyj BuAer Retroactive Changes Procedures of the Services Technical Manual Standardization H. A. WADSWORTH Data Processing of Handbook Formats Bendix Aviation Corp. ATA Service Publications Specification ATA-100 JOHN Chairman, Service Simplification of Flight Handbooks North American Publications Committee Aviation, Inc. Guide for Preparation of Air Force Technical Chairman, Procurement Orders and Finance Co mmittee Spare Parts Committee Federal Catalogin g Vendor/ Prime Contractor Design Change Data Coordination Logistics Study Group Spare Parts Provisioning Policies and Documents Ground Support Equipment Provisioning Docu- R. F. MOORE ments Boeing Airplane Co . Chairman, Spare Parts Replacement Parts Sales Problems Committee Parts Breakdowns for Aeronautical Articles

12 INDUSTRY PLANNING SERVICE

The committees of the Industry Planning Service " boiler plate" provisions specified by military regula­ serve as a liaison between the policy-making and regu­ tions or statutes. lation-drafting offi ces of the military services on the These general contract terms and conditions, at the one hand, and the large and complex aircraft, missile time they are drafted for inclusion in procurement regulations, are of primary concern to the commit­ and engine manufacturers on the other. The commit­ tees of the Industry Planning Service. The effect of tees, by direction, are precluded from any individual procurement regulations upon companies competing company's negotiations with a military procuring serv­ for military contracts is felt directl y upon internal ice regarding a specific contract. During the co ntra ~ t ­ company operati ons, as are many Federal statutes and ing procedure, when dates, quantities, and prices are Federal Government Regulati ons. But, unlike tho e Federal Regulations which are required to be pub­ bargained out between a company and the military li heel in the Federal Register before they become buyer, many of the general terms of the contract are effecti ve and which are subject to the protections not subject to negotiation. The military buyer auto­ afforded to the public and industry by the Admini tra­ matically includes in the contract certain so-called tive Procedures Act, the procurement regulations ma

13 The Department of Defense carries 4,300,000 different of course, are advisory only to the military services. supply items in contrast with the 100,000 items carried In the descriptions of the work of the individual com­ by a large mail order house. The Aerospace Industries mittees that follow, results of many hours of industry Association , in cooperation with the military services, has effort are not delineated, inescapably, due to the nature d eveloped a plan of logistics information exchange, utiliz­ of the efforts. ing electronic data processing equipment, w hich will re­ duce costs and increase the efficiency of managing the itlaintenance Support: huge D efense D epartment supply programs. AlA groups together its services which contrib ute to maintenance and support of missiles and aircraft, their propulsion systems and their accessories. Activi­ ties of the committees in the areas of spare parts, service publications, fi eld service, support equipment, • • • • contract maintenance, training aids and training equip­ SUPPLY MANAGEMENT ment, because of their co-relationship, are organized under Maintenance Support in Industry Planning Service.

Spare Parts Committee The Spare Parts Committee, with a membership of approximately 120 managers and assistant managers of spare parts departments, represents all segments of the industry. It operates under a system whereby small ad hoc panels, representative of interested seg­ ments of the industry, are establish ed to undertake the solution of individual problems, make recom­ mendations to the Committee and cease operation after action has been taken. Within the Committee, there are presently seven ad hoc panels actively engaged in twenty projects. be issued without the " n otice and hearin gs" processes F or more than fifteen years, this Committee has specified in the Administrative Procedures Act. worked with the military services, assisting in the A primary committee responsibility is to ascertain development of procedures for the selection and order­ what n ew reg ulations, or revisions to existing regula­ ing of spare parts, special tools, test and ground tions, ar e b eing considered or drafted. Next, a func­ handling equipment and training aids and training tion of each Industry Planning Service committee is equipment. The Air Force, for example, has reported to fin d ways and m eans of presenting the industry v iew that although weapon system support has increased to the agency r esponsible before the new or revised considerably, there has been, nevertheless, a reduction regulation is issued. F ollowing this, industry must in spares from 43% of the aircraft program in the then determine the nature of the advice, facts a nd beginning of 1952 to 23.5% in 1959. Committee con­ p r ojecti ons with which to supply the agency involved. tributions toward this accomplishment have been of In organizing industry opinion , the committees a nd major significance. staff of the Industr y Planning Service clearly can do During the semi-annual meetings of the Commit­ a j ob that no individual company representative can tee, arrangements are made for the military service do. \Vhile each company h as a voice in the opinion representatives to explain their policies, plans and eventually furnished to the Government, the advice problems to the members. These meetings provide emanating from the Association-coll ectively and im­ valuable opportunities for contractors and suppliers partially devised- is mor e properly considered. to receive fi rsthand policy information from the serv­ W h en a military office i interested in industry's ices. With this knowledge, industry is able to comply v iewpoint, p inpointing the company experts among with military requirements expeditiously and accu­ the three-q uarters of a milli o n aircraft a nd missil e rately. company employees is a unique function of Industry Prov isioning Procedures: The Committee continu­ P lanning Ser v ice committees. That the committees ally participates with the Air Force and Navy in have broug ht s pecialized industry executives together revision of their individual procedures for selecting w ith their opposite numbers in the military, with and ordering spare parts and ground support equip­ m utually benefi cial results, h as often been testified to ment. Emphasis in these activities, during the past b y the Secr etaries of the m ilitary departments. year, has been directed toward increased simplifica­ T h e suggestions of the company experts, sum­ tion and adaptability to mech a nizati on of data h an­ marized and generali zed as industry recommendati ons, dling.

14 At present, the Committee is reviewing ballistic component parts are not available. As a result of missile support procedures in an effort to resolve prob­ Committee recommendations, the Air Force has insti­ lems experienced by contractors. Participation by tuted an educational program looking toward proper Committee members in the preparation of ballistic identification of parts which maintenance people turn missile spare parts provisioning manuals will increase in for repair. during the next year. Cataloging of Parts: As new weapon systems with The Committee members have also worked with many new parts and technological improvements in the Air Force in mechanizing paper-work handling of existing items are brought into the Federal Cataloging spare parts design changes. Adoption of this pro­ System, there is need for greater utilization of this cedure enables a contractor to have a continuous, system in procurement procedures. The Air Force mechanized spare parts documentation from initial has invited participation b y the Committee-and has ~election of spare parts to eventual shipment and acted on its recommendations-in developing pro­ mvoicing. cedures for prescreening contractor part numbers Identification of Parts: The Committee has been against existing catalog items to avoid unnecessary working with the military services in a combined ordering of parts and data. program of education and improvement in identifying Military/ lndztStry Logistics Study Group: One of assemblies, such as landing gear actuators, which may the current contributions of the Committee is the work be used interchangeably even though some of their that it has spearheaded with the military services in component parts may differ. The incomplete identifi­ development of a system for daily transmittal of spare cation of such parts causes supply and maintenance parts logistics information. The system would use problems when adequate inventories of the different compatible electronic data processing machines be­ tween the military services and the contractors. This The aerospace industry today is developing space system is expected to eliminate much of the present probe vehicles which require thrust levels as paper-work burden as well as contribute materially to high as 6 million pounds. An indication of the the in-service availability of industry's products; heat energy problems involved in launching this assure better control of spare parts; reduce the human vehicle is shown by the fact that in bringing the error factor in posting records ; and thus, assure sub­ vehicle to an altitude of 50 jeet above the launch­ stantial dollar savings. ing pad, enough heat is generated to boil away 10,000 gallons of water. Service Publications Corrnnittee Service publications are written by this industry to cover the operation, test, launch, maintenance and overhaul of the Nation's aircraft missiles components ~nd support equipment. The ev~r -in creas,i ng complex­ Ity of weapon systems demands continual improve­ ment in the state of the handbook art in order to keep instructions simple and handbooks of usable size. The Committee, comprised of 85 service publications man­

agers, has taken the lead in initiatino-o various im- pro':ements, in addition to providing the military services with requested advice on the revision of existing specifications. Maintenance of Missile Weapon Systems: Missile systems demand new types of technical manuals not previously required for aircraft. New ways are also needed of segr egating the voluminous instr~ctions into portions applicable to individual jobs. Requirements for publications governino- operational and oro-aniza- . I ~ o o t10n~ maintenance of missile weapon systems are being studied by the Committee through .Z) the review of proposed specifi cations, and 2) participation in the stu?y of surveys conducted by the Air Force with the assistance of contractor r epresentatives. Standardization of Technical Manuals : With more ~ tandardi za ti o n of requirements by the military serv­ Ice, technical manuals could be made for less m oney and could be used more interchangeably than ~ t present. A study showed that in the area of handbook

15 format, style and material only, there are over twenty basic specifications plus many directives and inter­ p retations which the industry must follow. M any other specifi cations govern technical content. The Commit­ tee r ecently developed an audio-v isual p r esentation which was m ad e to the D epartment of D efense, out­ lining an approach to sta ndardization of r equirem ents for manuals and stressing the n eed for h olding the line against addition al complication s. Indications ar e, as a r esult of this presentation , that a DOD project to standardize m a nual specifications will b e undertaken. Vendor/ Prime Contractor Hand book R elationsh ips: Under the weapon system con cept, some handbook data p r eviously su pplied direct to the milita ry services is now ch anneled th rou gh the p r ime contractor and included in all weapon system m anuals. T h e Com­ m ittee h as develop ed r ecommendations to the m ilitary services and in dustr y, including : p rocedural sh ort­ cuts; time-p hasing of negotiations steps; uniform in terpr etation of specification s; and, initial advice of r eq u ir ements to v endors. Industrial R elations Advisory Committee T h e Committee, d ur ing the p ast year, has been chiefl y con cerned with p r esenting to the W age-Hour Government Reports Committee and P ub lic Contracts Div ision of the L ab or Depart­ ment, information and views in connection with the The Government Reports Committee has the respon­ new m in im u m wage r e-deter min ation for th e aircraft sibility for negotiating with all Government agencies in dustry. These b r iefs, with supporting statistical data, on the establishment, simplification and elimination of have been submitted in support of the " definition" of Government reporting r equirements. N ational meet­ ou r ind ustr y, as a greed u pon b y this Committee. A ings are held twice yearly with representatives of the r ecent, ten tative decision b y the L abor Department to Bureau of the Budget, the military services, and other exclude m ilitary electronics f r om the definition is n ow F eder al agencies on mutual problems r elating to Gov­ b eing protested. E ff or ts are b ein cr made to h ave this ernment Reports. decision r eversed. 0 Working groups meet on an average of every two weeks to discuss current problems. Subcommittees, Industrial Security Committee composed of industry experts in specific fi elds, are _As it h as d o ne sin ce its formation , th e Secm·ity Com­ created as needed to follow through on individual m ittee and staff work closely with the Department of reporting problems. The working group and its D e f e ~ se and other Govern ment agencies to improve subcommittees make every eff ort to work with the secm?ty proced ures and provide better pr otection for m ilitary services in th e early stages of formulation classlf1 ed mater ial. of new reports, or revisions to existing r eports. Benefi ts are m utually der ived b y exch an cr e of ideas As a direct result of the Government Reports Com­ 0 between th ose wh o f ormu l ate t l1 e secunt. y r e cr u 1a tw· ns mittee's efforts during recent years, a Reports M anage­ under whi_c h our pl an t s m ust operate, and t heo se '" h o ment Division was established at USAF 's Air Materiel have the JOb of ad m1n1· · stenn· o- th e p r o o- ram. F• or ex- Command. The Comm ittee and its subcommittees have 0 a m p le,_ at tl-~ e r eq uest of the Defen se Department, the worked closely with this gr oup during 1959. Their Committ" " . ee . 1·s _n ov"., 1. ev1· ewm· g a proposed new system eff orts h ave been effective in the outright elimination for Identlfy m cr a nd 1 ·f · h · · of many reporting requirements, the simplification of . · o c ass1 :y1n 0cr t e va n ous 1tems bem.""o- -d eveloped, and pro- d uce d ( b y con tractors ) w h J"C 1 1 others, and in a substantial r ed uction of requests for co nt a J ~ sec r ~ t~ . U pon completion of this r eview, in­ unauth orized r eports. Most of the recommendations of c! us try s p os ~ t10n will be conveyed to the DOD. the several industry subcommittees of experts in con­ S taff con tJ nue to keep Committee m embers advised necti on with reports on l ) Air F orce-owned , contrac­ ~f p ruba h le o r actual cha nges in regulations, changes tor-operated facilities ; 2 ) perpetual inventor y of air­ 111 Governme nt f orms a nd judicia l decisions which craft engines ; a nd 3 ) Government approvals of com­ a ffect security. Additional work of this Comm ittee pany pilots and crew membe rs to fl y Government­ includes a ctivities in th e fi elds of plant protection and owned airplanes, were adopted b y the USAF or a re civ i I defense. u nder consideration.

16 Recommendations by a joint Government Reports/ those of the Department of Defense. Such an amend­ Spare Parts Committee working group in connection ment will enable contractors doing R&D work for the with Vendors Materiel Inspection and Receiving Re­ military services and the Space Administration to port (DD Form 250) were favorably received and are operate under a single set of rules governing patents. under consideration by the Air Force. Procurement and Finance Committee As a partial result of the Committee's work with the Air Research and Development Command, a more Procurement Legislation: During the first session effective reports management function was established of the 86th Congress, many bills were introduced pro­ recently by that Command, and constructive meetings posing certain changes in the basic procurement law have been held regarding reporting requirements with of the Department of Defense and the military services. personnel from ARDC, the Ballistic Missiles Division The proposal which received the most extensive con­ and the Ballistic Missiles Center. sideration was the Saltonstall Bill (S.500). The pur­ The Committee is currently discussing with Navy pose of this bill was to provide for more efficient pro­ Reports Management the establishment of a more effec­ curement through the reduction of lead time and a tive control of reports and closer working relations greater delegation of authority. It was also written so with the Committee. A subcommittee recommenda­ as to place competitive negotiated procurement on the tion resulted in a revised Navy regulation on recurring same basis as advertised procurement and to give physical inventories of facilities with resulting reduc­ statutory recognition to the weapon system method of tions in reporting costs exceeding $350,000 annually. procurement. At the hearings held by a subcommittee Information with respect to the volume of produc­ of the Senate Armed Services Committee on the Salton­ tion of aircraft and aircraft engines and consolidated stall Bill and others introduced by Senators Williams, corporate financial summaries are available through J avits and Keating, a statement was submitted on the Government Reports Committee. The Committee behalf of this Association which endorsed the Salton­ and staff are looked to by Government agencies for stall Bill, with certain modifications. It is expected authoritative statistics on developments in the industry. that Senator Saltonstall will introduce a new bill in Investment houses and corporate analysts regularly the second session of the 86th Congress which will seek statistical advice. Staff suggestions to Govern­ incorporate a number of the suggestions made by this ment agencies have helped in maintaining the accuracy Association and others, as well as the various Govern­ of Government statistical series on the industry. ment agencies concerned. In view of the studies which Patent Committee are required to be made by the legislation which ex­ tended the Renegotiation Act until June 30, 1962, it is Proprietary Rights: Member companies continue not anticipated that any major changes in the basic to experience considerable difficulty with respect to procurement law will occur during 1960. regulations regarding contract obligations pertaining Indemnification Against Nuclear and Other Unusu­ to proprietary data. The theoretical rules established ally Hazardous Risks: One of the most important by the Department of Defense are not appropriate for problems with which the member companies of this actual contracting situations. At the present time, Association are concerned pertains to the risks in­ material based upon industry's experience is being volved in the performance of many of its major collected for use in making additional presentations to defense contracts. Because of the magnitude of these the Department of Defense showing the necessity for projects, adequate insurance coverage generally is not further and more equitable revisions of the policies available. As a result, contractors are continually and procedures in this area. forced to place all their assets in jeopardy, and their National Aeronautics and Space Administration: In very existence is endangered should there be a catas­ the enactment of Public Law 85-568 which established trophe resulting in property damage or personal injury the NASA, the 85th Congress, at the last minute, to third parties. agreed to extensive provisiOns therein covering The Aerospace Industries Association has cooper­ "Property Rights in Inventions" and "Contributions ated with the Department of Defense in the prepara­ Awards." Although it is apparent that it was the tion of suitable legislation for indemnifying contrac­ intent of the legislators to provide incentives to the tors against loss or damage sustained in connection industry for invention, and at the same time, to pro­ with operations of this nature. tect the Government's interest, the Patent Committee During the first session ·of the 86th Congress, a bill does not believe that this objective was achieved. It in this connection, sponsored by the Department of was unfortunate that these subjects were not covered Defense, was introduced; but its consideration was in the hearings, thereby obtaining the benefit of expert postponed. The Association is continuing to cooperate knowledge on their complexities. with the Department of Defense and other interested The Aerospace Industries Association urges that the industry groups, including the insurance industry, and 86th Congress amend P.L. 85-568 to make its patent is hopeful that suitable legislation with respect to this provisions parallel the policies and procedures of subject will be enacted in 1960.

17 Depreciation: Another important subject of con­ Renegotiation: Efforts were made during the 85th cern to the aerospace industry is the depreciation Congress and again during the first session of the policies of the Government for tax purposes and for 86th Congress to amend the Renegotiation Act of 1951 contract pricing purposes. so as to provide more equitable standards for deter­ During each of the last two national emergencies, mining whether or not the earnings of a defense con­ provision has been made in the tax laws for accelerated tractor are excessive. During the first session of the amortization of defense facilities certified as necessary 86th Congress, testimony was presented on behalf of for the furtherance of the defense program. The cur­ this Association at hearings separately held by the rent legislation on the subject expires on December House Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate 31, 1959. Committee on Finance. Although the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 liberal­ These efforts were not successful, and the applica­ ized to some extent the methods for computing depre­ tion of the Act was extended until June 30, 1962, with­ ciation deduction for tax purposes, the new methods out substantial change. it provided are only a step in the direction of a realis­ However, most constructively, the extension legisla­ tic depreciation policy. Accordingly, efforts will he tion did direct the Senate and House Armed Services made by the Aerospace Industries Association to estab­ Committees to make full and complete studies of the lish, for tax and contract pricing purposes, a deprecia­ procurement policies and practices of the Department tion policy providing for the recovery of the cost of of Defense and the military services. These studies are facilities much earlier than currently permitted. Such to include an examination of the experience to the a policy will inevitably result in more modern facilities military agencies in the use of various methods of in defense and other industries, as well as reduce the procurement and types of contractual instruments, need for the Government to supply such facilities. "with particular regard to the effectiveness thereof in Contract Cost Principles: For approximately nine achieving reasonable costs, prices, and profits." Also years, the Department of Defense has been consider­ indicative of the very constructive attitude of the ing the adoption of a single set of contract cost prin­ legislators involved is the fact that the Joint Commit­ ciples which would be applicable not only to cost­ tee on Internal Revenue Taxation was simultaneously reimbursement type contracts, hut also to fixed-price directed to make a "full and complete study" of the type contracts and for use in making settlements of Renegotiation Act and the "policies and practices of all terminated contracts. During this nine-year period, the Renegotiation Board." The reports of the Armed except for the last year, the DOD has coordinated the Services Committees are due on September 30, 1960. various drafts with respect to such a proposal with The report of the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue the AlA. On November 2, 1959, the Department of Taxation is required by March 31, 1961. Defense issued such cost principles, with use thereof Special Tooling and Government Facilities: Because being required for all contracts negotiated on or after of the unique requirements of development and manu­ July 1, 1960. Until that time, their use is permissive. facture in the aircraft and missile field, it has generally Because these principles will become a part of every been necessary that the Government furnish certain defense contract negotiated, it is expected that these special test equipment and production facilities. Cer­ principles will he reviewed by the AlA Procurement tain problems have resulted from this situation. and Finance Committee and that the Committee's Although most of the problems in the area of. special views will be made known to the Department of tooling or test equipment are being handled satisfac­ Defense. torily on an individual company basis, major difficul­ Settlement of Terminated Contracts: In view of the ties in the facilities area do exist. The Air Force has importance to this industry of firm, fast and fair indicated, for example, that it should get out of the settlements of contracts which are terminated for the facilities business. In other words, contractors should convenience of the Government, this industry has con­ furnish all equipment needed for the performance of tinued its surveillance of the policies and procedures Government contracts. Unfortunately, unless a realistic of the Department of Defense and the military services approach is taken to the problems involved, it will in this area. Although many problems still remain continue to be necessary for Government agencies to unsolved and certain practices and procedures need furnish needed facilities to defense contractors. Pri­ improvements, a close working military-industry rela­ mary reasons are four in number : 1) the changing tionship exists to resolve the issues involved and to and uncertain nature of the aircraft and missile re­ improve the settlement procedures. quirements; 2) the fact of low earnings rates-sub­ One of the knotty problems still plaguing industry stantially below the over-all industry average on any is the method for disposing of excess or surplus prop­ basis; 3) the existing unrealistic depreciation policies; erty resulting from a termination, and the removal of and 4) the uncertainties involved in the renegotiation such property from a contractor's plant. Many of the process. Efforts will continue to be made by this Asso­ other problems are an outgrowth of the relationship ciation to demonstrate the need for a realistic approach of the prime contractor to its subcontractors. to the over-all facilities problem.

18 I~ I

/ PUBLIC RELATIONS SERVICE

Public Relations Advisory Committee Executive Committee Editorial Committee Aviation Education Committee Shows and Exhibits Committee

A.M. ROCHLEN Vice President, Douglas Aircraft Co. Chairman, Public R elations Advisory Committee

A greatly increased tempo in communications marked the activities of the Public Relations Service during 1959. Changes in the composite of the aero­ space industry, its products and its relationships, have been extensive. The requirements for information on the industry from various quarters of Government, as well as from the press, have increased ma rkedly as awareness of the industry's impact on the Iation's economy and the national security has become ap­ parent. The continually-expanding importance of the missile as a production weapon, and the orderly transition of the industry from its development and production of manned-aircraft and guided missiles to spacecraft

19 research, place a heavy burden on informational re­ ing cannot be estimated. porting functions of Public Relations Service. In addition, since these films were offered to schools Interpretation of the effect of these changes in the beginning last December, there had been 505 showings status of the industry to both Government and private prior to September l. This represents as many show­ interests has been difficult. The basic AlA program ihgs as the available supply of prints would allow. is to keep the public informed on all problems and These films have been shown and roundly praised by activities of the aerospace industry; the focusing of a number of technical colleges and universities, mili­ attention of the industry's role in the missile and tary organizations, The American Legion (which has space age has been the staff's primary effort. its own copies) and technical societies. General information requests received by Public Speeches: Relations Service continued to increase during the first ten months of 1959. An estimated total of 11,000 During 1959, the President and the Chairman of the requests were answered during the period of January Board of the Aerospace Industries Association have to October, 1959, compared to about 9,500 during the made eleven addresses of national interest; among them were such topics as: Government roles and re­ same period last year. sponsibilities in the Space Age; technological advances In addition to the ever-increasing demand for avia­ in the realm of flight; status of the aircraft industry; tion educational materials, an upsurge of special re­ the Space Age and industry; defense spending and quests-because of the restive economic situation-has the outlook for the industry; and the aerospace indus­ been manifest. In meeting these requests, our office try and the "new idea age." of Research Analysis-during the last two years and, in particular, this past year-has become increasingly Background Memoranda: an external information source, as well as performing During the past year, staff has issued four back­ an internal-use function. ground memoranda on subjects requiring detailed This office has gathered, analysed and disseminated analysis. These have been: selected excerpts from data on many aspects of aviation to member com­ congressional hearings; the Year-End Statement of panies (especially planners and analysts) , press, in­ the aircraft industry; aviation aspects of the Federal vestment analysts and graduate students. Because the Budget; and digest of added budget data. Defense Budget is so complex, and its detail data difficult to obtain, particular emphasis has been placed Publicity: by staff on the compilation and extracting of informa­ In the months subsequent to November 1958, Pub­ tion on Defense spending and contracting, the pro­ lic Relations Service has issued 63 news releases and curement programs of the military services and the an additional 11 releases tailored for radio and TV over-all military research and development program. media. These do not include Letter to Aviation Writers, Similarly, this office has become a "check-point" which has a circulation of approximately 1,800, and for Defense Budget information for many of the which is increasingly accepted and used by the press. financial and budget writers. A special mailing list This letter features a monthly report on industry em­ for company planning persolmel, i.e., economists and ployment, wages, aircraft deliveries and Defense De­ directors of market research, long-range planning, and partment missile and aircraft programs. A special development planning, has been established. Some page of fillers was added to the letter during the past sixty company representatives have asked to be placed year. on this list. Industry planners call and visit the office Press Conference: in search of sources of data and to discuss studies which they are conducting. Although most of these The APT System Press Conference: The AlA joined requests are of a fiscal nature (dollar and number with the USAF Air Materiel Command and the Massa­ data) , requests are also received for sources of tech­ chusetts Institute of Technology in a two-day press nical and strategy reports. conference at Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 24-25, dealing with their tri-group participation in J Motion Pictures: the development of the APT System (Automatically The four low-cost films produced by AlA during Programmed Tool}. Some 75 of the Nation's press­ l 1956-1957-"Design for Survival," "The High Road," including business papers, trade journals, radio, tele­ "Men and Missiles," and "Power In the Air"-con­ vision and wire services-were in attendance. Cover­ tinue to be used by television stations throughout the age by all media elements has been most gratifying. Nation and are increasingly successful among the Na­ The Calibration Survey Press Conference: In tion's schools and colleges. August, the AlA, together with the USAF Air Materiel Out of the 298 television market areas, these films Command, the National Bureau of Standards, and were used in 247. As of September 1, 1959, total under the sponsorship of the Sperry Gyroscope Com­ reported showings by television stations reached 834. pany, conducted a press conference delineating our How many stations used the four films without report- industry's problems in calibration and measurement.

20 Despite the fact that the subject covered was most Booklets: complex, it was dealt with at length by major papers Missiles-From Concept to Countdown: Distribu­ in ew York, \Vashington and throughout the Tation, tion of 100,000 copies to Congress, schools, the press, and enjoyed great success in both aviation and non­ opinion leaders, Government officials and other selected aviation trade publications. groups, though largely completed, is still under way. Planes-Aerospace: About 4,000 copies remain in inventory. Approximately 30,000 copies of the booklet were Planes' circulation since November 1958 has in­ ordered in reprint for member company promotion creased from 38,500 to 47,000 as of October 1, 1959. distribution. In most cases, the fourth covers were Included among the recipients are editors and senior imprinted with individual company messages and editorial writers of some 600 newspapers throughout the Nation, labor and management groups, the Con­ signatures. gress, about 10,000 libraries, as well as other selected Aircraft Year Book: The 1959 edition was published segments of the public and of Government. March 15, in the same format as the 1957-58 edition. The magazine type inserts, comprising the center It once again reflected a substantial improvement over four pages of Planes-Aerospace, were reestablished previous issues. The 1959 edition contained 486 beginning in January 1959. These articles are effec­ pages-an increase of some 54 text pages over the tive in dealing with complicated subjects for our pri­ 1958 edition. mary audience, as well as stimulating press response. The 1960 edition of the Year Book will bear the The articles appearing in Planes-Aerospace during title Aerospace Year Book. It will be published ap­ the past year have been aimed at fostering public proximately February 1, 1960. understanding of the aerospace industry's problems. U. S. Aircraft, Missiles and Spacecraft-1959: A substantial number of articles were devoted to ex­ Under its new title, excerpted pages of the A ircraft plaining that the aircraft industry is the missile and Year Book, once again, were published by the AIA

spacecraft industry. Major insert articles were carried for the National Aviation Education Council. The on Renegotiation, the evolution of the aerospace indus­ booklet was comprised of 152 pages, plus a 3-color try, problems of'the civil jet age, the role of industry cover. AIA purchased 2,500 copies for distribution to in the Space Age, salute to NATO, air traffic survey the press and other selected groups. TAEC ordered and an aerospace materials forecast. 12,500 copies, and to date has sold 7,100. Expected The lead articles and editorials explained industry's sales by year-end 1959 will reach 10,500. position on the NASA patent provisions, small busi­ Aviation Facts and Figures-1959: Published in its ness, the necessity for a consistent space program, air­ same format, the booklet featured one additional chap­ port needs, and indemnification. Lead articles dealt ter, entitled "Space Programs." As in the past, pri­ with subjects r anging from weapon system manage­ mary costs for publishing this annual statistical and ment to the problem of surplus transports. textual report of the industry were underwritten in the In May, following the recommendation of PRAC, first 2,000 copies. the name of Planes was changed to Planes-A erospace. The 1960 edition of Facts and Figures will bear the The masthead was revised in the May issue giving title Aerospace Facts and Figures--1960. A in prior equal display to both Planes and Aerospace. In the years, it will be published on May 15. August issue, Aerospace was given greater prominence A nnual R eport: 4,000 copies of the Annual Report in the masthead. The January issue will see the com­ were published and distributed to Congre s, other pletion of the transiti on, and the name will be simply Government offi cials, selected AI committee xecu­ Aerospace. tives and to the press.

21 Aircraft Technical Committee M. L. PENNELL Aerospace Research & Testing Committee Boeing Airplane Co. Flight Test Telemetry Dynamics & Aeroelas· Chairman, Aircraft Technical Committee ticity Panel Airwo rthiness Requirements Committee Transport Panel Helicopter Panel Utility Aircraft Panel _ Engineering Contract Requirements Committee Drafting Panel Microfilm Panel ational Aircraft Standards Committee Accessory & Equipment Technical Committee DAVID COCHRAN Administrative Engineering Committee General Electric Co . Drafting P ractices Panel Chairman, Propulsion Technical Committee Microfilm Panel Auxiliary Power System Panel Proprietary Rights Panel Electronic Equipment Technical Committee Electronic Parts Committee Electron Tube Panel Semiconductor Devices Panel Connector Panel P.M. PROPHETI Convair Electronic Specifications Committee Chairman, Flight Radio Noise Interference Panel E . D. CARTER Operations Safety The Martin Co mpany Committee Flight Operations Safety Committee Chairman, Materials Procurement Committee Manufacturing Committee Manufacturing Equipment Committee Numerical Control Panel Tooling Committee Numerical Tooling Panel Manufacturing Test Equipment Committee Manufacturing Conservation Committee Preservation & Packaging Committee

JOHN T. BAILEY Materials Procurement Committee Bell Aircraft Co rp. Materials Management Panel K. F. MUNDT National Chairman, Economics Panel Aerojet-General Co rp. Quality Control Chairman, M anu/ac. Committee Government Regulations Panel turing Committee Propulsion Technical Committee Engine Committee Powerplant Airwo rthiness Panel Turbine & Jet Engine Panel Propeller Committee Draftin g P anel Rocket Committee Liquid Propellants Division Accessory Components Panel K. W. GALLIGER Propellant Panel The New York Air Brake Company Solid Propellants Division Chairman, A ccessory Explosive Class. Test Panel and Equipment Tech. nical Co mmittee Quality Control Committee 22 A ( .A ~~

TECI-INICAJ-' SER"\ ICE

As technology advances, aerospace weapons systems traditional division of the industry as airframe, engine, of defense become more complicated-and, more ex­ and accessories. These neat distincti ons are becoming pensive. Indeed, modern aerospace weapons have he­ more and more obscure to a point that we anticipate come so complicated that the military specialist in a reassessment of many of our programs. strategy and tactics can do little more than point out In the light of the foregoing, activities of the Tech­ his needs in basic terms of required performance cap­ nical Service during the past yea r have been e pecially ability. It is then up to men of management, science, productive to the industry and to the Government. and engineering in industry to build the machine. A chief concern of the Technical Service has been Because the aerospace weapons systems of today are directed toward the building of better aerospace sys­ so complex and costly, there is an inevitable trend tems more efficiently and, therefore, more economicall y. away from mass produced aircraft and missiles. The AlA Technical Service has been increasingly con­ Aircraft Technical Committee: scious of this shift in emphasis since much of its The Aircraft Technical Committee is composed of committee organization has been patterned on the principal en g in ~e rin g executives from member compa-

23 nies engaged in the design and production of aircraft, at one-sixteenth of the otherwise necessary investment. engines, and their components and equipment. Its Similarly, the ARTC frequently undertakes standardi­ primary responsibility has been the determination of zation of test procedures in those areas peculiar to financial support for technical activities, the source the products of our industry. Use of the same pro­ of industry comment on matters of engineering policy, cedures throughout the AlA membership enables the and the direction of its working committee programs accumulation of technical data on common basis, and through the Aerospace Research and Testing Com­ allows useful exchange of such data when the oppor­ mittee, Airworthiness Requirements Committee, En­ tunity presents itself. Conducting these studies through gineering Contract Requirements Committee, and the the use of project specialist groups and technical National Aircraft Standards Committee. panels, ARTC has, in the past year, completed seven­ teen engineering investigations. Two panels, on the Aerospace Research and Testing Committee: subjects of " Dynamics and Aeroelasticity" and "Flight In the field of research and development, the Aero­ Test Telemetry," continue to provide an essential space Research and Testing Committee (ARTC) pro­ medium of exchange and standardization in these vides the voice and forum for the airframe and missile field s. manufacturers. Active programs, like those of most The ARTC, on many occasions, is called upon to AlA committees, fall into three major categories: provide comments and opinion in assistance to such The exchange of knowledge and cooperative solution agencies as the Department of Defense, the Air Re­ of common technical problems; providing the military search and Development Command, the Bureau of and Government agencies with a single point of Aeronautics, the National Academy of Sciences, etc. contact for determination of industry opinion, re­ During the past year, the Committee has been of serv­ quirements and recommendations; and a continuing ice to these agencies in the accumulation of aerospace source of advice to member company managements; industry recommendations and requirements through and to subordinate industry, with respect to future twelve rna j or surveys and investigations, the results technical requirements and planning. of which are of direct use to co ntributing members, In pursuing its assignment, the Committee recently as well as to the governmental agencies requesting the completed a cooperative evaluation of a new alloy of advice. interest to some sixteen member companies for mili­ In this period of technological advance, one of the tary applications. Through this study, each was pro­ most important and, perhaps, most difficult tasks is vided with the results of a comprehensive test program the timely prediction of future requirements. During the years of 1952 through 1958, the ARTC annually prepared, at the request of the Department of Defense, More than 1,900 executives front among the 117 member an analysis of the fi ve- and ten-year industry require­ co mpanies of the Aerospace Industries Association serve ments in the field of materials, processes and manu­ in 42 highly specialized areas. Their efforts are aimed at facturing methods. producing better aircraft, missiles and spacecraft at lower The Report served as an important guide line for costs. Department of Defense sponsored materials research activities. As the ARTC initiated its study for the 1959 Report, it was apparent that the pressure of technical advance and the urgencies of the defense products dictated a more comprehensive statement of future industry needs in materials, systems and methods. The 1959 Annual Forecast of Trends and Requirements was divided into two parts, engineering trends and requirements, and necessary developments in manufacturing technology. The final Report, pub­ li shed in June, provides a so und and capable analysis of future systems which will become the products of the industry, and interprets those plans in terms of specifi c technical developments required to make those systems available. Response to this publication has been excellent. It is being utilized by member companies, hundreds of subcontractors, materials producers, and Government agencies as a guide for directing research and develop­ ment programs toward ends which will best serve our defense effort, the community at large, and the aero­ space industry.

24 Airworthiness Requirements Committee: cations and other documents. Their findings result in: The Airworthiness Requirements Committee is com­ the issuance of appropriate industry standards, the posed of technical representatives from twenty-seven promotion of their use, and advice to Government of AlA's member companies to continually review all agencies of industry views. U. S. airworthiness requirements for suitability and to Within its scope, the NASC is now regarded as a coordinate industry airworthiness problems with the necessary adjunct to the governmental groups deter­ various Government agencies. It also assists our Gov­ mining the aircraft standards of the military services. ernment in formulating U. S. international policy with However, in view of recent technical requirements and respect to airworthiness requirements. prime contractor/subcontractor relationships of new Since the establishment of the Federal Aviation weapon systems, expansion of the NASC to include all Agency in January 1959 and the accompanying period segments of industry represented by AlA is under of readjustment, airworthiness actions were limited un­ consideration. This would make the NASC as the in­ til the FAA announced that an airworthiness review dustry authority on all standardization matters. The (FAA/Industry) will take place this year. There is Department of Defense has designated liaison repre­ now a marked upswing in activity, and meetings are sentatives in each service activity sharing an interest being scheduled to submit coordinated industry pro­ with the NASC. posals for the agenda. Much standardization work has been done during The helicopter members of ARC have been active the year through projects where higher design re­ during the year and recently concluded a series of quirements are obsoleting current products, making it meetings to discuss twin engine turbine ratings with essential for new ones to be standardized. More than the FAA. British industry and their Air Registration 87 new standards and revisions were released last year Board also participated. Similarly, the entire com­ in the National Aircraft Standards Series. mittee coordinated, at the request of the military serv­ Of particular interest is the extensive participation ices, a number of specifications pertaining to strength by the NASC in the increasing effort by the Govern­ and rigidity requirements for military aircraft. ment and military services to achieve standardization. Liason is maintained with the Federal Aviation The Committee serves, on a voluntary basis, to evalu­ Agency and the military services on a daily ·basis and ate Government proposals for standardization related in this way it has been possible to provide the Govern­ to the aerospace industry. This "Industry Coordina­ ment with an industry opinion on technical questions. tion" by NASC includes the review of proposed mili- . tary aeronautical specifications, directives, regulations Engineering Contract Requirements Committee: and policies regarding standardization and the furnish­ ing of appropriate industry recommendations. During The Engineering Contract Requirements Committee the past year, at the request of the military services, (ECRC) is concerned principally with the engineering approximately one hundred such documents were data requirements of contracts for aircraft and mis­ processed by the NASC for industry comments prior siles. Committee membership, currently thirty, is lim­ to their release. ited to those AlA companies and their divisions en­ gaged in the design and manufacture of complete air­ Accessory and Equipment Technical Committee: craft, helicopters or missiles. The Committee is composed of a senior member The major effort of the Committee, during the past from each of twenty-seven companies engaged in de­ year, was to participate jointly with other AlA com­ velopment and manufacture of accessories and equip­ mittees in reviewing and making recommendations on ments used in the operation or support of aircraft and a group of weapon system specifications released by missiles, except those predominantly electronic in na­ the Air Force. ture. For many years contractors have been obligated to During 1959 the major effort of the AETC was in produce data without knowledge of such requirements the field of standards and specifications. Generally when a contract is made. Some procurement specifica­ acting upon the requests from various governmental tions have failed to mention the requirement; others agencies for industry coordination on proposed speci­ overlap or conflict. A consolidation of all contractual fications or standards, the action of the Committee was data requirements into a single specification has been principally of two kinds. The first was in reviewing proposed to the services by ECRC. and submitting suggestions for improvement in the documents directly to the Government agency involved Natiorud Aircraft Standards Committee: in those cases where no other AlA committee had a The National Aircraft Standards Committee (NASC) specific interest. The second case was to participate is the committee representing the aircraft and missile jointly with the other committees in reviewing and manufacturers in the study of mutual standardization making recommendations on those Government docu­ problems of aircraft and missile parts, components, ments which were of mutual concern to a number of materials and processes and related standards, specifi· AlA committees. 25 Electronic Equipment Technical Committee: The need to integrate the design and manufacture 6,000 lbs. of electronics systems with other airborne systems has accelerated the trend of major weapons system manu­ facturers to: consolidate with electronics companies; develop a strong electronics division or to establish team agreements. More than three-fourths of our prin­ cipal member companies now have strong electronic •• equipment activities. •• •• ••••••• The Electronic Equipment Technical Committee is •• composed of chief electronics engineers of member •• companies engaged in design and production of elec­ tronics equipment or systems for aircraft, missiles or spacecraft. Its principal objective is formulation of industry opinion on broad engineering policy questions •• • . and surveillance of its subordinate working groups. The scope of activity is restricted to airborne electronic equipment for military applications and excludes com­ m-1 mercial, industrial and ground-based equipment. IWORLD WAR II The complexity of electronics in a weapons system is typically illustrated by the ICBM's. This giant mis­ A modern jet bomber today carries 6,000 pounds sile has over 40,000 identifiable parts in its airborne of electronic equipment compared to the 1,600 system, a million feet of wiring, and 30,000 connecting pounds carried by its World War II counterpart. points at a single R & D test stand and launching pad. However, one pound of electronic equipment in Industry is studying several approaches to reduce elec­ the new aircraft can do more than eight pounds in the old model. tronic equipment complexity, including micromodules, molecular electronics, and other new concepts of com­ $85,000 in testing to prove that a certain relay met his ponents and circuits. requirements for a particular application. Consider­ EETC has placed great emphasis in working toward, ing the many relay applications in each system, and and in, recommending uniform and practical reliabil­ the numerous systems being developed, the costs of ity requirements for the three military services. In these tests can be staggering when duplicated in sys­ this regard, the Committee has assisted the Department tem designers' plants. The Committee is defining relay of Defense in an ad hoc study of Specification Man­ parameters and tests so that military specifications can agement for Reliability through surveys, reports, and be revised to require adequate qualification and ac­ meeting discussions. This report, to be published this ceptance testing. This test data should be made avail­ year, is expected to point the way toward improved able by the military to eliminate the need for time parts reliability. consuming and expensive testing by system designers. Electronic Parts Committee: Electronic Design: Through annual meetings of the Electronic Specifi­ The importance of electronic parts in the equipment cation Committee with Air Force and BuAer, General and systems produced, and the heavy investment in Design Requirements for Airborne Electronic Equip­ parts testing, specifications, and reliability led to de­ ment have been kept up-to-date with the rapidly chang­ velopment of an active parts program. A prime ob­ ing technological developments in materials, processes jective of this Committee is to make recommendations and electronic design. This working relationship pro­ to both parts manufacturers and the military which vides military specification writers with industry will result in maximum part quality at a reasonable "know how" and results in more practical general cost. Close working relationships have been developed design requirements. This results in savings to the with parts manufacturers and cognizant military serv­ military and to industry in both time and money ices which have expedited solutions to many technical through a reduction in the number of divergent re­ problems of systems designers. quirements by individual services. It also simplifies The Committee provides continuing advice to mili­ contract negotiations by reducing the number of devi­ tary and parts manufacturers on current and future ation requests by designers. These meetings also clarify requirements for improved and new component parts the military thinking back of the requirements and needed to design advanced electronic systems for air­ provide valuable interpretations to guide equipment borne and space vehicles. Typical of these efforts is the designers. EPC relay activity. The inadequacy of present relay specifications requires unduly definitive proof testing Flight Operations Safety Committee: by the user. For example, it cost one member company The Flight Operations Safety Committee (FOSC)

26 is an operations group representing the aircraft manu­ the past year. The committees involved and their prin­ facturing industry in the resolution of national and cipal programs are: area problems affecting the safety and effectiveness of Manufacturing Equipment Co.;,_mittee: Comprised of flight operations, and in particular, those pertaining 32 member companies and their divisions, the Manu­ to flight testing. The Committee is composed of rep­ facturing Equipment Committee concentrates on efforts resentatives from twenty-seven AlA member com­ to identify current and future needs for research, de­ panies. velopment, testing and standardization of machine Committee work, for the most part, is related to tools and their controls; and other manufacturing Federal operational policies relating to airspace usage, equipment as mandated by an ever-increasing demand air traffic control procedures, etc. The Federal Avia­ for higher level manufacturing capabilities. tion Agency's plans for airspace utilization are funda­ The Committee has 40 active projects in work which mentally based on joint use wherever possible, rather deal with a variety of technical problems in the broad than segregation of flight activities as has been the area of manufacturing equipment. Typical are four case in the past. This, in turn, requires radar and projects intended to develop industry standards for other equipment such as airborne IFF. It also requires heavy duty routers, portable trimming equipment for a high degree of coordination between the FAA and high strength materials, automatic wire processing airspace users, both in formulating operational policies equipment and automatic riveting equipment includ­ and local area operating procedures. ing riveting heads, frames and positioning devices. The Committee is now drafting a proposal to the 1959 saw the culmination of Government procure­ Federal Aviation Agency which would provide for ment of 76 configurations or sizes of machine tools consideration of air traffic density in addition to un­ procured against the MEC's specifications. The Com­ populated ground areas when flight test areas are es­ mittee actively participated with the Government in the tablished by FAA. Conversely, the Committee will re­ development of specifications used for procurement of port flight test areas which should be considered when 611 machines representing $80,000,000 of machine airways and jet routes are established. tools. Of this total, 105 machine tools valued at West Coast companies have been experiencing the $30,000,000 were equipped with numerical control sys­ most difficulty in resolving these operational problems. tems designed around performance requirements ini­ Other manufacture areas concerned include those of tially defined by this Committee. Fort Worth-Dallas, Wichita, St. Louis, Columbus and During 1959, the committee published NAS 939 and Atlanta. 940, covering two types of hydraulic presses and _NAS In the Southern California airspace complex, agree­ 936, a performance specification for precision bed­ ment has already been reached among the military and type milling machines suited to present and future civil users with respect to procedures to be used in the needs for machining high strength materials. new flight test areas proposed recently by FAA. The A three-year effort was completed during the year Aerospace Industries Association, together with the wherein the MEC provided equipment specialists to Air Force and Navy, also has certain proposals to assist the Air Force and Navy in conducting accept­ make with respect to airway alignments and offshore ance tests of Government-procured machines at the flight test areas. manufacturer's site. Thirty-seven acceptance tests were conducted between June 1956 and February 1959 at Manufacturing Committee: which 47 different machine types were completely tested prior to delivery to the user. Although a vast Through AlA's Technical Service, the production number of manhours were contributed by the AlA executives of manufacturing member companies func­ member companies in this effort, the benefits accruing tioning as a policy body, direct seven working com­ to the Government, the machine manufacturer and mittees in efforts to foster, and promote solutions to machine users far outshadow the initial investment. common problems affecting manufacture of aerospace MEG/Numerical Control Panel: The MEC's Numer­ products. ical Control Panel is made up of representatives of 28 Under the Manufacturing Committee, groups of AlA member companies and their divisions. At the technical experts function as working committees. Each present time, the panel is working on 16 projects deal­ committee provides a single authoritative source for ing with various aspects of machine control systems. obtaining, identifying, coordinating and solving non­ Typical is the project on standardization of punched competitive common problems relating to manufactur­ tape used for input to all numerical control systems. ing research and development, manufacturing equip­ A standard punched tape media is being developed to ment, fabrication and assembly tooling, manufactur­ permit use of a sinb"le standard on 5 major domestic ing methods and processes, and material conservation systems currently on the market without major cost programs. Operating within the parameters of the to the user. By close coordination among AlA, other AlA charter, the MC's working committees have pur­ trade associations, and Government agencies, it is sued a wide variety of manufacturing problems over virtually assured that all future numerically controlled

27 Government's policy in principle, is alarmed at the ad­ ministrative interpretations at the plant leveL In the area of small business, the Committee has emphasized the need for selection of suppliers at the subcontract level solely on the basis of competitive price, quality and delivery. In the area of materials management, the Committee has made an extensive study of the application of automatic data processing to material controL Another Pe r cent study in the economics area is evaluating inventory Installed Spare Spares To control practices aimed at cost reduction. Since more Engines Engines Installed than half of the procurement dollar now goes into sub­ FY $123 $148 contracts, the importance of this area of activity is 1950 Million Million 121% being emphasized in terms of management and cost controls by both Government and industry. FY $400 $175 Preservation and Packaging Committee: A working 1955 Million Million 44% committee of the Manufacturing Committee with the purpose of serving as a central and authoritative FY $313 $91 1959 Million Million 29% source of industry opinion on preservation and pack­ aging of aerospace equipment and as a medium for the exchange of related noncompetitive information among members. The Committee has 52 members who repre­ sent 37 member companies. Close coo peration between the Air Force and In furtherance of its primary function, this Com­ aerospace industry has produced dramatic sav­ mittee furnished the Government with industry's ings in the number of spare engines required in opinion on a series of specifications or standards: relation to engines installed in aircraft. In fis­ Quality of Wood Members for Containers, Helicopter cal year 1950, for every four installed engines, Rotor Blade Containers, Reusable Aircraft Engine the Air Force was buying fi ve spare engines. Shipping Containers, and Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor Today USAF is buying approximately one spare Film and Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape. Work is engine for every four installed engines. Th e sav­ continuing on three important projects: standardiza­ ings are due primarily to the increased service Li fe of the engines, short ened supply pipelines tion of electronic accounting machine reproduction of and better methods of for ecasting requirements. packaging data cards, standardization of packaging for liquid oxygen system components, and develop­ machines will utilize the AlA-developed standard. ment of improved reusable containers and carrying Typical of MCC project activities which have pro­ cases. duced various documents for cost reduction through Propulsion Technical Committee elimination of waste are: Conservation of Electro­ Mechanical Components, Conservation of Stainless The Propulsion Technical Committee is composed Steel Honeycomb, Economical advantages of Company­ of top engineering management of companies engaged owned Laundries, Means of Determining Optimum in research, development and production of propulsion Sheet sizes in Titanium, Material Handling Aids, Po­ systems in both air-breathing and non-air-breathing tential Sale of Waste Chemical Solutions Standard categories. Representatives of its three working groups Packaging in Electronic Parts. ' - the Engine, P ropeller, and Rocket Committees­ Individual companies have continued to provide the participate with other AlA technical committees in the Air Force and avy with data on proven cost reduc­ coordination of proposed new specificati ons for tion practices. Military services have, in turn, contin­ weapons systems, reliability, maintainability, etc. ued to publish this information on a monthly basis, Engine Commiuee: With membership generally at distributing it widely through air material areas to the chief engineer's level, the Engine Committee works all prime contractors and subcontractors. cooperatively with the Government and with airframe Materials Procurem ent Commiuee: The Materials manufacturers in several major areas. Of primary in­ Procurement Committee, composed principally of Di­ terest is the development of a more efficient tabular rectors of Material and Procurement, is interested in method of presenting turbine engine performance data, materials management and subcontracting. The past which will supersede the parametric method presently year's program has been largely dominated by two used. The tabular method, as proposed, will eliminate subjects: make-or-buy policy and small business. The the time-consuming task of manually plotting numer­ Committee has been active in expressing th e industry's ous curves for engine performance at specified speeds views on make-or-buy, and while not opposed to the and altitudes.

28 Rocket Cornmittee: The Rocket Committee, Liquid During 1959, the APT Project occupied full time and Solid Propellant Divisions, also with membership services . of 25 qualified computer programmers rn a at the chief engineer's level, have published a pro­ concentrated effort to refine the APT computer pro­ posed industry standard for symbols, definitions and gramming system jointly developed over the previous performance criteria of liquid and solid propellant two years by the _!lassachusetts Institute of Technology rockets. Recommendations for the adoption of these (under Air Force contract) and AlA's NCP. In Sep­ standards have been given wide circulation throughout tember 1959, the APT Project released a Phase I com­ Government and military agencies, professional so­ puter deck consisting of 22,000 IBM cards extending cieties and other organizations. the ability of the system to accept three-dimensional New detailed components specifications for use by " advice" and to produce three-dimensional parts of the rocket industry in ordering components from complex geometry. It is anticipated that work in this vendors hav also been developed by the Committee. area will increase greatly. The achievement of a fully Currently under development is a standardized pro· comprehensive computer programming system will pro­ cedure for cleaning liquid oxygen propellant systems vide the aerospace industry, as well as industry gen­ in missiles, and standards for determining that the erally, an economical means of translating engineering systems are clean prior to use. This data, in the form design into actual production parts at a minimum of of a proposed specification, will provide a uniform cost. technique for prevention of explosions caused by In April 1957, the NCP prepared an AlA publica­ contamination in a liquid oxygen propellant system. tion titled, " 1 umerical Control." This 114-page docu­ The soHd propellant division of the Rocket Com­ ment provided a comprehensive state-of-the-art sum­ mittee, during the year, completed a proposed specifi­ mary of American industry's progress in applying cation for determining the hazard classification of numerical control to machine tools. It highlights the solid propellants for submission to the Air Force. aircraft industry's roll of leadership in researching and Propeller Committee·: The activity of the Propeller applying the new technology. This report has become Committee is confined largely to cooperative efforts in virtually an international bible on the subject, having the fi eld of standardization of general interest to the been printed in foreign language by NATO nations. propulsion industry. Through common interests with Publication of NCP's latest edition will be made in the engine and rocket manufacturers in certain mili­ December 1959. tary documents, the Propeller Committee acts as co­ Tooling Committee : The Tooling Committee is the ordinator for specialists of the engine and rocket in­ voice and forum for representatives of 35 aircraft and dustries concerned with the development of standard missile manufacturers in the tooling research and de­ utility parts. velopment area. Currently, this Committee is engaged in activities covering twenty-three projects. Quality Control Committee Concerned with the rev iew of quality control policy The lead in the development of new manufacturing directives and general inspection specifications of the techniques and materials, necessarJ' to build the Departm ent of Defense and the military services, the next generation of high performance weapons, is taken by the R esearch and T esting Committee and Quality Control Committee collects, classifi es and is­ th e Manufacturing EqL£ipment, Tooling and T est sues information to advance quality control and reli­ Committees of the Aerospace Industries Associa· ability techniques. tion. These committees chart the course for new There are 42 member companies of the Association m ethods of building the weapons of tomorrow. represented on the Quality Control Committee. NAS 938, published by the panel in June 1959, established a uniform axis nomenclature for all differ­ ent type machines. This standard is already receiving international recognition. Probably the most significant activity of the NCP is its APT (Automatica ll y Programmed Tool) Proj­ ect. This project (supported by 20 AlA companies and two non-AlA organizations) is pursuing refine­ ment of a computer programming system which allows a shop man to describe the geometry of a production part in a language which, in turn, can be under­ stood and processed by a general purpose electronic computer. The computer output, in turn, provides a stored intelligence which is accepted by the machine tools servo-mechanisms and translated to machine motions.

29 One project undertook to forecast the five- and ten­ Manufacturing Conservation Committee: Over the year future needs in all areas of tooling as affected by past year representatives from 41 member companies the trend toward brazed and welded steel airframes. and divisions comprising the Manufacturing Conser­ Tooling considerations for heat treating 200-300,000 vation Committee have continued devising methods to lbs. per sq. inch tensile strength steel and titanium reduce material costs through more effective inter­ parts is being investigated. Another Committee proj­ change of proven conservation practices. ect is developing a brazed steel honeycomb case history In the interest of improving uniformity, precision book which will make available a state-of-the-art text and accuracy of measurement throughout all U. S. in­ on this rapidly changmg technology. dustry, the Committee completed a three-year survey Another project group is investigating a BuAer re­ covering measurement and calibration practices and quest dealing with special tooling contract require­ capabilities of member companies. The study, under­ ments and has developed a proposed "contract exhibit" taken at Air Force request, was given wide distribution form. throughout Government and industry to arouse an One of the most significant Committee projects is awareness of the need for finer calibration and meas­ dealing with the urgent need to appraise educational urement capability required for missiles, spacecraft, organizations and company management with the need etc. The National Bureau of Standards has referred to for a higher level of technical and managerial capabil­ the survey report as being a "most significant primer" ity among tooling and manufacturing research per­ on calibration and measurement. sonnel. This project is being closely coordinated with The Committee conducted an exhaustive survey of other organizations to insure the greatest interchange quality control systems of member companies with of information on defining the needs for higher level emphasis on allocation of quality control, reliability academic skills in the manufacturing research areas. and inspection effort to the successive stages of pro­ Manufacturing Test Equipment Committee: Forty­ duction of equipment. three companies and their divisions now participate in The Committee has also acted as industry liaison in the activities of the working committee responsible in the preparation of surveys dealing with exchange of the field of manufacturing test equipment. In the year information on antifriction bearings, vendor quality completed, the MTEC concluded five state-of-the-art ratings, survey of obsolete and/or conflicting Govern­ surveys. ment specifications, and Army-Navy specifications for One project titled, "Production Environmental Test­ hardware. ing Survey," was conducted to determine the types and AlA Drafting Practices Panels extent of environmental testing being carried out as a Panels of drafting specialists, usually chief drafts­ production requirement. men or those having direct responsibilities in the prep­ Six projects have produced working documents now aration of engineering data, representing the several available for use by member companies in the design, segments of the aerospace industry, have participated fabrication, maintenance and calibration of manufac­ in a joint effort for the past several years to achieve turing test equipment. These include the MTEC refer­ standardization in the preparation of drawings in ence "Specification for Power Supplies" and "Specifi­ connection with Air Force and Burean of Aeronautics cation for Hydraulic Test Stands." These documents contracts. However, the awarding of missile contracts provide a reference for use in preparation of procure­ by miltary departments or agencies using other than ment specifications for this type hardware. Air Force-BuAer drafting specifications, made it clear Another recently completed project established a that action to unify drafting practices of all military series of "Preferred Drafting Symbols for Hydraulic services and other Government agencies, was vital if Test Equipment" which were found to be lacking in duplications of drafting effort was to be avoided. the military specification hut needed by the designers A Department of Defense project, initiated in 1957, of production test equipment. The preferred drafting continued with frequent meetings of military, the AlA symbols will be published in the near future as an NAS Drafting Panel and other industry groups. As a re­ standard. sult, a drafting specification is now available which There are twelve additional projects, investigations, is designed to unify all the various drafting practices. and state-of-the-art surveys in the following areas: Efforts of the Joint Drafting Panel, which acts as an methods and techniques in pressure testing with gas, eight-man steering committee to the panels-at-large, testing procedures and equipment for semi-conductors are presently being directed toward standardization and transistorized circuits, the potentials of standard­ of drafting procedures of the military and various izing, high potential testing procedures, automatic pro­ other Government agencies. The Department of De­ gramming of electrical and electronic test equipment, fense estimates that it spends $2.5 billion annually on development of test equipment material standards the preparation of drawings. There is little doubt that handbook, pneumatic test equipment specifications, a considerable saving can be achieved. The savings correlation of test equipment data, and hydraulic­ will increase as more experience is gained and differ­ pneumatic filtration. ences in drawing requirements are reduced.

30 ~( !-\ - ~- ~

TRAFFIC SERVICE

Traffic Committee Eastern Regional Traffic Committee General Committee Rate and Classification Committee Western Regional Traffic Committee General Committee Rate and Classification Committee R. H. ROSS R.R.KRUEGER A llison Division Douglas A ircraft Co. General Motors Corp. General Chairman, General Chairman, Western Regional Eastern R egional Traffic Committee Traffic Co mmittee

The primary function of the Traffic Service is to Efforts in this respect have not always been success­ assist the individual company traffic manager to oper­ ful, due primarily to Go vernment agencies which, as ate an efficient traffic department through the coopera­ explained in our Annual Report a year ago, have in­ ti on accomplished by Association activities. In those sisted upon operations which have not only imposed fi eld s where the burden is too great for the individual upon the Government added expense but have prevent­ traffic manager to operate, the Traffic Service functions ed the industry from securing the advantage of rate for the benefit of all. negotiations under co mpetitive conditions. So far has The basic objective of these activities is a satis­ this gone that, under cost reimbursible type contracts factory transportation service secured at the lowest where material for contract performance has been r ates compatible with efficient operation. The bene­ fi cial results of low rates fl ow not only to the contrac­ purchased, the Government transportati on agencies tor but to the contractor's customers. As the Govern­ insist that they control the transportation service from ment generally is the largest customer, a large part of the vendor to the prime contractor. Essentiall , this these acti vities is directed to its benefit. arrangement constitutes an unnecessary and costl y in-

31 terference with contract performance. Efforts to and rail, sought rules for the settlement of claims un­ change this so far have failed. We are hopeful, how­ der released rates, on a basis so low as, in substance, ever, that at some future time the Government will to remove all liability. As a result of the representa­ realize the savings available under such arrangements. tions made by the Traffic Service, the Commission has Within the past year, but little transportation legis­ directed the carriers to show why they should be per­ lation of importance to this industry has been intro­ mitted to publish the rule they have proposed. The duced into Congress. Three bills were introduced at proceedings have been set down for hearing December the behest of the railroads to remove existing inhibi­ 8, 1959. tions which prevent railroads from participating in At present, two investigations into the Nation's other forms of transportation. Because such partici­ transportation system are under way: one by the De­ pation would eventually destroy existing competition partment of Commerce, and the other by the Senate between motor carriers, water carriers and railroads, Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, the lat­ the Traffic Service prepared and submitted to the Sur­ ter pursuant to a resolution introduced by Senator face Subcommitte of the Senate Committee on Inter­ Magnuson, Chairman of that Committee. Of the 22 state and Foreign Commerce a statement in opposition associations named to serve in an advisory capacity to to these bills. At the conclusion of the first day, the the Senate Committee, only two are exclusively ship­ hearing, not completed at the time, was adjourned and per organizations. All of the remainder are exclusively it now appears it will not be resumed. carrier associations or associations in which carriers Among the things accomplished has been the active hold a very large proportion of the memberships. The participation of the Traffic Service in proceeding be­ Traffic Service is watching this situation closely. fore the Interstate Commerce Commission where the The Traffic Service functions through its two stand­ railroads and motor carriers were trying to limit their ing committes, namely the Eastern and ~! estern Re­ liability for loss and damage on all freight transported gional Traffic Committees. Two meetings each of these exceeding in value to $3.00 per pound. This has been committees separately, and one joint meeting annually, especially obnoxious to members of this industry be­ are held. Members are informed through these meet­ cause it not only imposes losses on shippers for car­ ings and through bulletins which are supplied to them, rier negligence, but it also invites carrier negligence. keeping them abreast of current developments. In May, in a decision by the whole Commission, the Unlike industry generally, carriers are permitted to carriers' petition was denied. organize associations where they agree among them­ The bill for transporting household goods of mem­ selves on the rates they believe they should charge the ber employees transferred on company orders is sub­ public. Because a substantial part of the Commission's stantial for this industry. Efforts are being made to work in dealing with changes in rates is devoted to reduce these costs by means of consolidations. Nego­ the prevention of reductions, a constant stream of tiations with the household goods carriers to this end proposals for rate increases pours out of these car­ are being conducted. rier associations. A substantial part of the work of With the increased movement of atomic materials the Traffic Service is devoted to the defeat of these in which members are interested, carriers, both motor proposals.

32 . ; / HELICOPTER COUNCIL

HARVEY GAYLORD Emphasis on heliport and helistop development, vi­ President, tal to the progress of the industry, was dominant in Bell Helicopter Corp. the wide variety of the Helicopter Council activities Chairman, Helicopter Co nn cil during the past year. Growing recognition of this fa c­ tor is typically illustrated by the recent Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce sponsorship of a confe rence on the Planning and Designing of Urban Heliport Facili­ ties . The Los Angeles Conference was presented with an

33 of, and the technique for, the building of Helistops, roof platforms, etc. The Committee obtained the con­ HELICOPTER GAINS cm-rence of FAA in this recommendation, and as a result both the FAA Heliport Design Guide and the Council's Heliport Design Guide contain the . 75 Heli­ copter gross weight per sq. ft. figure as the recom­ mended maximwn for all kinds of impact lo ads. 228,000 The American Legion, at its 1959 National Conven­ tion, resolved to " re-affirm the principles and objec­ tives" adopted at their 1958 Convention to "promote 148 000 and encourage the development and use of helicopters and the passage of necessary ordinances and regula­ tions as will permit their efficient operation." On October 9, the National Security Division of the Legion requested the Council to provide information helpful to them in promoting the use of the helicopter. This request suggested that "perhaps some action by The American Legion, particularly in the field of pas­ sage of ordinances and regulations, would be helpful to you."

In liaison with The American Leo-0 ion and other public-spirited organizations, the Council emphasizes 1954 1958 1957 the difficult)' in overcomino-0 the inertia of our le0o-a l pro_cesses. The Council urges that the utility of the The scheduled helicopter airlines registered new gams heh copter and the regulatory problems preventing its during 1958, carrying 228,000 passengers, an increase of use, if any, be brought to the attention of local and 54 per cent over the 148,000 passengers transported in the state governmental officials. It is the Council's belief previous year. Number of helicopter passengers has that industry is responsible for proffering inspiration mushroomed since 1954 when only 9,000 passengers were and guidance for providing helicopter services for the carried. genera_! welfare, as well as effectively aiding military operatwns. The regulatory framework of any municipality-in­

cluding its ordinances or reo-0 ulations coverin0o- such matters as land-use zoning, heliport licensing and exhaustive analysis of the legal aspects of planning for operation, intermittent operation of helicopters, build­ urban heliports. The legal counsel for the Council ing codes, fire codes, etc.-determines largely whether presented a detailed paper on heliport location and has private or commercial helicopter operations are prac­ made it available to local zoning officials of the Na­ ticable within the city limits. Where the cumulative tion's cities and urban areas. The Council Chairman effect of this regulatory framework is burdensome, concentrated on Heliports in a rn a j or address to the potential helicopter users are, in effect, forced to rely Conference. on other forms of transportation and thus are deprived An official spokesman for the Council has served of the many benefits which the helicopter co uld make for several months on the Federal Aviation Agency· available. Industry Heliport Working Group in the final revi­ In view of the importance of this regulatory frame­ sion of an official Heliport Design Guide to be issued work, the Council makes every effort to assist and co­ soon by the FAA. This document will qualify many of operate with the cognizant branches of the Federal, the points raised by the Council in modifying local state and local governments in pointing up the need regulations adopted in the days prior to the advent of for advance heliport planning. Toward this achieve­ rotary aircraft. Many of these outmoded regulations ment, Council staff and representatives met with an actually penalize the specific operational features of official of the Nati onal Institute of Municipal Law the helicopter and its ability to rise and descend ver­ Officers. After discussions of the regulatory problems ticall y, fl y at an extremely low speed, come to a com­ from the viewpoint of the heliport operator as well as plete hovering stop while airborne, etc. from that of the municipal official, the Council success­ The Heliport Engineering Committee, during the fully recommended that NIMLO adopt and distribute past year, has developed design guide materials help­ to its members a model heliport ordinance similar to ful to structural engineers and architects. Additional­ the ordinance the Council prepared for Phoenix, ly, the Committee has prepared instructional mate­ Arizona. rials for m unicipal offi cials describing the desirability The Council and its Vice Chairman appeared before ,.

a congressional committee early this spring to submit tions, are now being considered. In St. Louis, an testimony in support of a proposed joint congressional ordinance providing for the licensing of heliports and resolution which would authorize the District of the regulation of heliport operations has now been Columbia Commissioners to order a $25,000 study of proposed. The Council's legal advisors have also con­ available District heliport sites. The resolution was ferred with the New Jersey Department of Aeronautics passed unanimously by the Senate and reported out on behalf of a Philadelphia-based helicopter operator favorably by both the House District Subcommittee on who wanted to establish a heliport on the steel pier D. C. Business and the full House District Committee; at Atlantic City; and prepared material disclaiming it is now pending in the House. any municipal need for regulating air safety aspects Through its legal advisors, the Council has sub­ of helicopter operation. The latter was primarily pre­ mitted a detailed report on a proposed revision to the pared for consideration by officials of a Buffalo, New Chicago heliport ordinance, and, further, has suggested York, suburb who were contemplating the imposition certain revisions in proposed changes of the aeronau­ of an unduly restrictive helicopter ordinance. tical regulations of the Illinois Department of Aero­ An important development concerned with the car­ nautics. At present, the proposed ordinance is under riage of external loads by helicopters is now under study by the Chicago Aviation Department. study by members of the Helicopter Subcommittee of The Council has also taken steps to provide assist­ the AlA Airworthiness Requirements Committee. The ance to officials in other municipalities-New Orleans study concerns the inclusion of external load regula­ and Philadelphia being two of the larger cities-where tions under Parts 6 and 7 of the Civil Aeronautical provisions for heliports, or revisions in heliport regula- Regulations. Special surveys and lists prepared by staff for na­ tional distribution included directories of: Commer­ There are 156 commercial helicopter operators cial Helicopter Operators in the United States and in the U. S. today using 631 'copters, an increase Canada; Executives and Companies Owning and Oper­ of 10 per cent in operators and 11 per cent in ating Helicopters ; Government Agencies Owning H eli­ helicopters since 1958. The helicopter performs a wide variety of functions, giving industry one copters in the United States and Canada; and a Fed­ of its most valuable and ve rsatile tools. eral Aviation Organizational Chart and Directory. The deep interest of the military in helicopter prog­ ress was demonstrated late this fall by announcement of Army and Marine Corps participation in the wo rld's first helicopter air traffic service to be established December l. The two military organizations will aid in an intensive, all-weather operations test of heli­ copters. The two services, with Helicopter Council members, will join with the Federal Aviation Agency in this project, which operationally includes daily fli ghts, regardless of weather conditions, between Phil­ adelphia and New York, and between Bridgeport, Connecticut and the FAA National Aviation Facilities 631 Experimental Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey. The implications of this project to Helicopter Coun­ cil members and to industry in general are incalculable in evaluating the growth of helicopter operations, both commercially and militarily. A spectacular helicopter fli ght demonstration during the year was the commercially-sponsored "Project Medi-copter" at the 1959 meeting of the American Medical Associati on in Iew Jersey. Approximately 3,500 physicians received helicopter flights " designed to familiarize them with the adva nces now being made in medical transportation." Council staff participated 156 in arranging this major demonstration. The latest available statistics for 1959 show an in­ crease of 30% in the number of commercial operators and 26% in the numb r of helicopters used by them in the United States and Canada. The Council ha also 1958 1959 ascertained that the number of privately-operated heli­ 1958 1959 ports has been growing steadily. OPERATORS HELICOPTERS 35 }-\ [ f-\ ~ ~ UTILITY AIR~LANE COUNCIL

GEORGE T . PEW people still think the airplane an expensive toy or a Aero-Design & luxury they cannot afford. The thousands of active Engineering Co. Chairman-Utility aircraft and the millions of hours and billions of Airplane Cotmcil miles they fly is the most substantial evidence to the contrary. Thousands of businessmen, having once ex­ perienced the increased efficiency and productivity which results from their use of private aircraft, find they cannot afford to be without them. Members of the Utility Airplane Council, individually and collec­ tively, are greatly interested in making these facts more widely known . The use of a small planes for business and utility purposes continues to increase. This area of civil Technical Standard Orders: flying activity referred to as general aviation includes Last year some new Technical Standard Orders all civil fl ying excepting the airlines. It has become (TSO's) were proposed by the Civil Aeronautics the largest user of the nation's airports, airways, and Board. Council members feel adoption of these can the largest user of the ation's airports, airways, and increase the cost and complexity of electronic air­ 1958 has seen the production and sale of such aircraft borne equipments for flight under FAA Instrument more than double, reaching 6;414. units valued at ap­ Flight Rules (IFR) . In an effort to make constructive proximately $135,000,000. This trend has continued suggestions in this area, the Council has conducted a during 1959. In the first nine months, the industry has comprehensive study and has prepared a " Minimum delivered approximately 5,600 units having a retail Performance Standard for Airborne Electronics Equip­ value of $128,000,000, compared to 4.,725 units valued ment for IFR Use in General Type Aircraft." In this at $102,000,000 delivered in the same period last year. regard, Utility Airplane Council members feel that Based on the trend since 1957, the last year the Fed­ the availability of fi ne communication and navigation eral Aviation Agency conducted a use survey, general equipments, of a satisfactory size and weight, which aviation is now fl ying at an annual rate approximating are accurate, dependable, simple and easy to operate 12,300,000 hours. For purposes of comparison, FAA and economically priced, have contributed greatly to sources report airline revenue hours were 3 54.6 000 the present day utility of the small business and private in 1958. Based on this same trend, FAA sou;ces 'also aircraft. Council members are of the opinion that the have estimated general aviation fl ew 1 544 000 000 existing Civil Air Regulati ons, coupled with the nor­ miles in 1958, twice as many as th e a irlin ~s . ' ' mal competitive processes of the industry, provide ade­ The active fleet of general aviati on now exceeds quate safeguards from the standpoint of safety and the 70,000 units, greatly outnumbering the Nation's air­ development of new and improved equipments. It is line fleet which, according to FAA data, was about the Council's opinion that the opposite wo uld be true 1,900 units at the beginning of this year. if comprehensive TSO's and other supervisory and Despite the ever-increasing volume of their business, regulatory procedures were incorporated into the Civil members of the Utility Airplane Co uncil find many Air Regul ations.

36 tives of this proposed rule which aim at producing better private pilots. But the Council questions the practicability of the proposal. Following a careful study, they recommended the requirement for a private pilot's license be divided into two steps: 1. a primary license based on demonstration of suitability which co uld be obtained in 25 hours of supervised instruc­ tion and experience; 2. an advanced private pilot's license which would required 15 additional hours of training and experience, going into more advance techniques. More importantly, however, Council members ex­ pressed the view that there had been no substantial overhaul or review of training techniques for many years. They urged that the syllabus, curriculum, and various manuals utilized for these purposes be re­ viewed and updated in the light of present knowledge. The CAB functions which had initially proposed pilot license change have since been absorbed into the FAA, Physical Starulards of Pilots: and this particular proposal has remained in status quo. Council members feel it warrants a most careful During the year, the Federal Aviation Agency has study by the new Federal Aviation Agency. proposed two changes in the regulations governing the licensing of private pilots. One of these would more Airport Shortage: stringently, and in a more detailed manner, establish An airplane is only so useful as there are places for certain diseases and other physical impairments as it to go. A shortage of landing areas creates two im­ diagnosis which would deny a license to the operator. mediate problems: 1. the denial of the air age to those Members of the Council conducted a careful review of places which are not now air accessible; and, 2. in­ the existing regulation and jointly were of the opin­ creasing congestion both on the airport itself, and, in ion that there was already ample coverage for these the light of present thinking about the congested air circumstances. The Council informed· the appropriate space, in the air space itself. Bureau that it considered the proposals largely un­ In past years the federal Government's airport inter­ necessary. Subsequent changes in the FAA rules re­ ests have been directed essentially to the building or flect a more moderate approach. improvement of the larger type terminal airports. Lit­ The other proposed change concerned the conduct tle attention has been paid to increasing the number of the required physical examination. Under present of smaller airports and fli ght strips, thousands of FAA procedures, private pilot examinations can be which are needed. conducted by the family physician, utilizing a Federal The adequacy of the Nation's airports is a matter of form. The FAA proposes to require these examina­ constant review· by the Council. It is of the opinion tions be made only by FAA certificated fli ght ex­ that the provision of airports and their maintenance aminers. The Council feels very strongly that there is should be essentialiy a function of the local commu­ no evidence which warrants such a move. The· Coun­ nity and the state, with the Federal Government pro­ cil has recorded its views in opposition and finds it­ viding coordination, planning advice, and some finan­ self to be in concert with the other associations repre­ cial assistance, so that they would be properly fitted sentinrr various fields of general aviation. No actio.n into the system of traffic management. has y~t been taken by the FAA on this particular As the use of small aircraft becomes increasingly matter. accepted, as a business tool and for private transpor­ tation, an ever-growing interdependence between gen­ Pilot Training: eral and airline aviation results. Though there are Representatives of the Utility Airplane Council made more than 6,000 airports, the Nation's scheduled air­ an extensive review of the Civil Air Regulations as lines serve onl y about 600 of these. General aviation's th ey relate to pilot tr~i~1in g . This_ resulted from a rapid growth makes it a close partner of the airlines 1958 proposal by the ~~~~1 Aero~aUtics_ Bo,ar~ that the in bringing fast modern transportation to every sec­ requirements for obtammg a pnvate p1lot s hcense be tion of the country, but many places are still relatively substantially changed to include an additional ten hours or completely inaccessible by air. Many thousands of (for a total of 50) of supervised instructi on and expe­ new sma11 airports and fli ght strips are needed. rience as a prerequisite to the private license. Mem­ Council members have pointed out that, while every bers of the Council agree with the announced objec- airport need not be accessible to the ai rline , every

37 airport must be readily accessible to general aviation. ties Planning whose recommendations resulted in the Although it is possible to bring about some segrega· creation of the new Federal Aviation Agency. Because tion by having airports especially suitable to receive its membership has recognized that coordinated efforts the general aviation traffic, these airports must still be will be continuously desirable, the GAFPG recently within the areas served by the large terminal centers. re-organized as the General Aviation Council. Our For example, businessmen and others in private air­ Utility Airplanes Council Manager was elected secre­ craft or air taxis are increasingly coming to and from tary- treasurer of the new General Aviation Council, off-airline points to connect with airline schedules. and our Council's Chairman serves as a member of the FAA control tower statistics show there is already sub­ GAC Steering Committee. stantial general· aircraft movement to these centers, and that these itinerant movements now exceed those Activities of Technical Committee: of the airline. The need to go to these traffic centers For some years the Utility Airplane Council mem­ will increase with the growth of the use of private air­ bers have been accustomed to repairing, rebuilding, or craft. More importantly, the need will be based on modifying aircraft engines and products of th eir man­ well-founded economic reasons. ufacture. These activities were conducted under regu­ The Council, in addition to pointing up the need for lar procedures of factory supervision, qualitv control more smaller airports to ease area congestion, also and inspection. Recently, however, the FAA has re­ :o; uggested that the large airports should provide sepa­ interpreted the regulations covering repair and over­ rate runways and traffic patterns for small aircraft. haul of aircraft and components, and has stated that this could only be done under the provisions of a Participation in General Aviation Council: certificated repair station. For the manufacturer to do The Council, through its staff, ad hoc committee ac­ the work it has been accustomed to doing for many tivities and the coordinated activities of its members, years under the new interpretation, would require a keeps itself continually apprised of the developing completely different method of processing the work general aviation industry. Several years ago, the Util­ through the factory. The Council feels that this in­ ity Airplane Council joined with a number of other terpretation is neither reasonable nor practical in its organizations active in various fields of general avia­ suggestion that the original manufacturer is not capa­ tion in the formation of the General Aviation Facili­ ble of reworking products of his own manufacture ties Planning Group ( GAFPG) . This Group was without special FAA certification. The Council has formed primarily to advise and assist with the work of suggested modification of the regulations which would the President's Special Assistant for Aviation Facili- solve the FAA interpretation by redefining FAA rules to permit a manufacturer to rework his own products. In addition to the Minimum Performance Standard Business flying accounts fo r nearly half of the 11.5 mil­ described above, and the question of the repair sta­ lion hours flown in 1958 by general aviation, which in­ tion certificate, it has reviewed many minor problems cludes all civil flying except the scheduled airlines, resulting from dealings with the F ederal Aviation Aviation Facts and Figures, official publication of the Agency. All of its activities have been closely coordi­ Aerospace Industries Association, reports. This segment nated with those of the AlA Technical Service. Mem­ of general aviation has grown rapidly since the end of bers of the UAC Technical Committee have also pre­ World War II when it accounted for only 11 per cent of the total. Companies today consider business aircraft one pared an agenda of items which are being submitted of their most important-and profitable-business tools. through the AlA Technical Service to the FAA for inclusion in the Annual Review of the Civil Air Regu­ lations. Study of Public Relations and Industry Stat~ tics: The Council is currently studyi ng areas of public relations in which it might coordinate some of its ef­ forts. These would be directed primarily to the cli­ mate for the growth of general aviation. Tt is also re­ viewing the availability of statisti cal information about general aviation. FAA data is frequently out-of-date and there is much information available within the in­ dustry which could be effecti vely assembled. Both the matter of statisti cs and of coordinated public rela­ tions efforts are still in a study status. No action pro­ grams have been recommended to or considered by Council members.

38 AlA MEMBERS

DIVISION A

Aero Design & Engineering Co. Jack & Heintz, Inc. Aerodex, Inc. Kaiser Aircraft & Electronics, Aerojet-General Corp. Division of Kaiser Industries Corp. Aeronca Manufacturing Corp. The Kaman Aircraft Corp. Allison Division, General Motors Corp. Kollsman Instrument Corp. Aluminum Company of America Lear, Inc. American Airmotive Corp. Lockheed Aircraft 'corp. Avco Manufacturing Corp. MB Electronics, a div. of Textron Electronics, Inc. The B. G. Corporation The Marquardt Aircraft Co. Beech Aircraft Corp. The Martin Company , Bell Aircraft Corp. McDonnell Aircraft Corp. Bendix Aviation Corp. Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co. Boeing Airplane Company Motorola, Inc. Cessna Aircraft Company The New York Air Brake Co. Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc. North American Aviation, Inc. Chandler-Evans Corp. Northrop Corporation Cleveland Pneumatic Industries, Inc. Omega Aircraft Corp. Continental Motors Corp. Pacific Airmotive Corp. Cook Electric Company Packard Bell Electronics Convair, a division of General Dynamics Corporation Pesco Products Division, Borg-Warner Corp. Dallas Airmotive, Inc. Piper Aircraft Corporation Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc. Radio Corporation of America Dow Chemical Products Co., a div. of The Dow Defense Electronic Products Chemical Co. Republic Aviation Corp. Fairchild Engine & Airplane Corp. Reynolds Metals Co. Flexonics Corporation Rohr Aircraft Corp. The Garrett Corporation, AiResearch Div. The Ryan Aeronautical Co. General Electric Company Solar Aircraft Company Flight Propulsion Div. Sperry Rand Corporation Defense Electronics Div. Sperry Gyroscope Co. General Laboratory Associates, Inc. Vickers, Inc. The B. F. Goodrich Co. Sundstrand Aviation, Div. of Sundstrand Corp. Goodyear Aircraft Corp. Temco Aircraft Corp. Thiokol Chemical Corp. Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp. Thompson Ramo Woolridge, Inc. Gyrodyne Co. of America, Inc. United Aircraft Corp. Harvey Aluminum Vertol Aircraft Corp. Hiller Aircraft Corporation Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hoffman Laboratories, Inc. Air Arm Division Hughes Aircraft Company Aviation Gas Turbine Div. Hydro-Aire Co., a division of Crane Co. Zenith Plastics Company

39 DIVISION B

Aviquipo, Inc. Bellanca, G. M. Brinckerho:ff, Wm. W. Brukner, Clayton J. Bush, Charles T. Chambers, Reed M. Condon, Cyril Hyde deSeversky, A. P. Eggert, H. F. Fales, Herbert G. Hanks, Col. Stedman Shumway Hotchkiss, Henry G. Kahn, Roger Wolfe Loening, Albert P. Loening, Grover Manufacturers Aircraft Assn., Inc. McCarthy, J. F. MacCracken, Wm. P., Jr. Parker & Company Scholle, Howard A. Sikorsky, I. I. Sullivan, John Dwight

DIVISION OF AFFILIATE MEMBERS

Air Carrier Service Corp. Aviation Week The Babb Company, Inc. Booz, Allen & Hamilton Butler Overseas Corp. Charlotte Aircraft Corp. Fulfillment Corp. of America Grand Central Aircraft Co. Robert W. Johnson Lund Aviation, Inc. Lybrand, Ross Bros. & Montgomery National Aviation Corp. National Credit Office, Inc. Robert Schasseur, Inc. Shell Oil Company Smith, Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. Space/Aeronautics Standard Oil Co. of Calif. Texaco, Inc. Tubesales U. S. Aviation Underwriters, Inc. Vickers·Armstrongs, Inc. Robert L. Walsh '·40 .!-\ [ r\ ~~

AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA, IN C ORPORA T E D 61 0 Shoreham Buil d ing, W a shin gton, D. C.