Survey of PWRI 2012

Joint Research and Partnership with Other Organizations Joint Research We conduct joint research with research organizations such as private corporations and universities to promote more efficient and effective research and development. Joint research includes an external research organization participating in PWRI-proposed research topics, i.e. “PWRI proposed project”, and projects conducted in response to a proposal from an external organization, i.e. “private proposed project”. During the 3rd period of our medium-term goals, we are scheduled to conduct approximately 100 joint projects annually in an effort to create high-quality research results.

Joint Research Project System Diagram

PWRI proposed joint research project Private proposed joint research project

Present Setting Proposing a research topic a research area technology

Joint research project Private Joint research project Private PWRI sector, etc. PWRI sector, etc.

Joint research project for which PWRI presents a research Joint research project for which PWRI sets a research area, receives proposals through public posting and designates topic, and publicly seeks or designates a partner a private, etc. partner who proposes unique and innovative technology

Eﬀects of eﬃciency-focused joint research system

Discover technical seeds possessed by private sector Use part of intellectual property possessed by private sector

Creation of high-quality research results Dissemination/Promotion of research results Alliance with other organizations PWRI makes Agreements for Civil Engineering Technology Alliance/Cooperation with local governments, universities and other research institutions, and strives to create better and more ample research results for the purpose of contributing to the efficient development of high-quality infrastructure under a comprehensive civil engineering technology alliance and in mutual cooperation. For example, we made an Alliance/Cooperation Agreement with the Independent Administrative Agency National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in 2007 for the purpose of mutual growth and contribution to the society through research and development. Under the agreement, a “Study on an Integrated Subsurface Structural Database” was conducted in the geological area by combining geological information with geotechnical engineering information. Additionally, information was exchanged in the areas of road and robotic technologies. In this way, both institutes work together and cooperate with each other in a wide variety of research areas. In 2010, the Center for Advanced Engineering Structural Assessment and Research (CAESAR) made an Alliance/Cooperation Agreement with the Independent Administrative Agency RIKEN on research into a small neutron imaging system to combine with elemental technology on neutron radiography, and to inspect and analyze internal structures of bridges and other structures. Application of the principle of neutron radiography, which offers excellent permeability, is expected to permit nondestructive verification of the interior condition of bridge members, which is otherwise difficult to check.

A) Concrete specimen B) Surface image C) Aggregates D) Aggregates/Cement Fluoroscopy of concrete interior by neutron radiography

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 45 Creation / Protection / Utilization of Intellectual Properties Introduction of PWRI Development Technologies Utilized at Construction Sites

PWRI appropriately manages intellectual properties based on an Intellectual Property Policy to bring the best possible value to society as a whole in a strategic and active manner.

Concepts of the Intellectual Property Policy

Strategic Creation

・Conduct R&D by utilizing intellectual information ・Secure excellence of technology

Active Appropriate Utilization Protection

・Comprehend the utilization ・Bring useful valuable intellectual state at all times property to light ・Actively promote utilization ・Periodic reviews based on usage status, etc.

○Industrial properties such as patents

Updated information on PWRI industrial properties Practical use example of industrial property: can be found at Many patented construction methods are utilized at construction sites http://www.pwri.go.jp/jpn/seika/chizai.html under a license agreement. Invairowan Method 3H Method ○Publication under corporation copyright (Patent No. 3985966) (Patent Nos. 3463074 & 3424012) (Environment-friendly technique (New technology for high pier for on-site removal of coating construction) Books available at bookstores have been published ﬁlm from steel structures) as PWRI copyrighted work. Book titles can be found on page 54 “Directory.”

○Program copyrighted works

The following programs are utilized by the private sector, etc. as utilization of PWRI copyrighted programs.

1D Sediment Simulation Program 1D Reservoir Riverbed Variation Calculation Program Vertical 2D Reservoir Flow Calculation Program Compartment Line Repainting Assessment Software

For an outline and use of individual intellectual properties, please contact the Construction Technology Research Department via telephone at 029-879-6800 or e-mail at [email protected] as we will brief you separately.

46 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Introduction of PWRI Development Technologies Utilized at Construction Sites

Received the Monozukuri Nippon Grand Award / Infrastructure Technology Development Award

Invairowan Method (Environment-friendly technique for on-site removal of coating film from steel structures) (Advanced Materials Research Team) In order to prolong the lifespan of steel structures, it is necessary to peel of conventional coating materials and switch to longer lasting heavy-duty anti-corrosion coating materials. In joint research with a private sector company, PWRI has developed a new removal method that can safely and efficiently remove and collect the old coating film softened in the form of sheet without scattering coating dust in the surrounding area; it is much better than conventional mechanical methods such as blasting, disk sanding, Coating film being peeled off Site application water jetting, etc. This method received the 8th Infrastructure Technology Development Award (MLIT Minister’s Award) in 2006 and the 2nd Monodzukuri Nippon Grand Award (Prime Minister’s Award) in 2007. So far, it has been applied to a total of 115 bridges and other structures throughout Japan with a total area exceeding 180,000 m2 by the national government, local autonomy and a special public institution.

Gravity thickening technology that uses ‘Water Path Forming Poles’ (Recycling Research Team) In order to efficiently treat sewage sludge, it is necessary to remove as much water as possible from the sludge and thicken it. This technique increases the sedimentation rate of sewage sludge using 'Water Path Forming Poles' (WPFPs). Specifically, by slowly rotating a sludge collector fitted with WPFPs vertically in a gravity thickener, ‘water paths’ where liquid moves easily form immediately behind the poles. This draws out the water present between sludge particles and high density thickened sludge precipitates to the bottom of the thickener.

This technique received the 7th Infrastructure Technology Water path Forming poles WPFPs installed at the Engaru Wastewater Development Award (MLTL Minister’s Award) and the 1st Treatment Plant Monodzukuri Nippon Grand Award (Prime Minister’s Award) in 2005. This technique has been introduced in wastewater treatment plants in Tomakomai, Kumamoto, Imabari, etc., resulting in thicker sludge in all of these locations.

Trapezoidal- CSG Dam Technology (Dam and Appurtenant Structures Research Team) To construct a dam, massive amounts of aggregate need to be provided from quarry sites. This may be a Protection concrete manner of high cost and not environment friendly . New Protection concrete CSG technologies on trapezoidal CSG (Cemented Sand and Structural concrete Gravel) dam are intended to solve these ploblems . At Inspection Gallery Seepage control concrete Rich Mix CSG

the same time this technology provides the higher Auxiliary curtain grouting Foundation scupper seismic stability to the dam with a trapezoidal shape in Curtain grouting spite of utilization of low-quality aggregate provided from the construction site and mixed with cement and Taiho dam under construction (Okinawa) Trapezoidal-CGS dam water. This new technology, which can rationalize design, material and construction, protects the environment and reduces construction costs by approximately as much as 25%. We received the 11th Infrastructure Technology Development Award in 2009 on the development of this. This technology has already applied to several dam construction projects, such as the Tobetsu Dam in Hokkaido and Okukubi Dam in Okinawa.

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 47 Technique Selected as an effective and Serviceable method on the NETIS

Rumble Strips (Traffic Engineering Research Team)

The installation of rumble strips is a technique to prevent (Project cost per meter) vehicle-departure head-on collisions by excavating and 250,000 yen or above 250K yen Project cost recessing the centerline pavement surface. This recessed <_ 1/160 centerline generates sound and vibrations to awaken/remind the driver when a running vehicle passes over the centerline. 6K yen 5,500 yen This technique is highly effective in preventing lane-departure. 4K yen 2K yen 1,500 yen

On 38 routes in Hokkaido which accounted for a total length of 0 Central Rubber Rumble 534 km and were paved with rumble strips from FY2002 to 2006, divider poles strips

the fatalities from head-on collisions for two years after Rumble strips Cost reduction effects of rumble strips installment are compared with that for two years before (Comparison of actual costs in Yakumo in 2002) installment; the fatalities from head-on collisions decreased from 54 to 17, or, in other words, by 69%. This technique is highly economical and easy to construct, and can reduce the cost per meter greatly compared to the center divider. This technique was selected as NETIS recommended technique in 2009. Rumble strips are used at the length of 1,655 km in Japan as of the end of FY2009.

Kui Taishin – SSP (seismic strengthening method for bridge pile bent piers) (Construction Technology Research Team) This is a seismic strengthening method for piles of existing existing bridge piers (mostly pile bent piers),wrapping a pile up in a pile Filling mortar

Press-ﬁt device reinforcing steel plate, pressing the plate in the subsurface, Reaction rib Reinforcing Upper frame steel plate Press-ﬁt and filling the gap with mortar to integrate the plate with the jack Reinforced Lower frame pile. part The construction machinery is small enough to work in the narrow space under girders, and the temporary coffering is often unnecessary. The longer the effective diameter at the Kui Taishin-SSP method applied to the Outline of Kui Taishin-SSP foundation is, the more lateral resistance to the ground bridge in national road increases, and this allows concurrent strengthening of piers and piles, thus made economically efficient. Easy maintenance can be achieved by plastic hinges over the ground. During construction work, noise and vibration are lower because of press-fitting, and the impact to the river flow is reduced with small and simple coffering. Thus,as this is a rational method, selected as a NETIS semi-selected technique in 2009. 7 installation works were done nationwide in 2010 and the cumulation amounts to 63.

PWRI’s Focused Dissemination Technologies/Techniques (FY2010) In order to promote dissemination of R&D results efficiently and effectively, PWRI selects effective technologies for application as “focused dissemination technologies/techniques” each year, and focuses on active dissemination activities. Representative examples are introduced below.

NEW High-capacity Micro Piles (Construction Technology Research Department)

Bearing plate Bearing plate The High-capacity Micro Piles (HMP) method has been used at many sites because Footing

foundation work with a small construction yard for a bridge under operation, etc. Void height 4.5 m Drilling casing Construction (High-strength Bridge machinery steel pipe) has less impact on road traffic and the surroundings. This method is a modified pier Steel pipe joint version with increased bearing capacity. It can reduce the number of piles needed Construction width 3.0m Soft ground Coupler to support the entire structure from what is required for conventional HMP, and is Additional Existing footing High-strength footing steel pipe Soft Centralizer expected to reduce the total cost and the construction period. It was adopted in stratum Settled part Drilling pit foundation piles for retaining walls of the Minami-Osawa Police Station in 2008. Core steel bar

Settled part (deformed steel bar) Filler (Grout)

Supporting soil Installed pile

NEW High-capacity Supporting High-capacity NEW High-capacity Micro Piles stratum Micro Piles Micro Piles

Conceptual view of this technology

48 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Fluidized Bed Incineration System with Turbocharger (Recycling Research Team)

This system improves incineration efficiency by incinerating the composite Exhaust gas

of sewage sludge and other biomass at approximately 0.15 MPa, and Turbocharger Chimney allows utilization of compressed air generated by operating a turbocharger with exhaust gas as energy such as combustion air in the furnace. It can

reduce power consumption by 50%, fuel by 15% and CO2 by 40%. It can

also reduce a great amount of N2O, which has more of a greenhouse effect White- than CO2 when the combustion temperature is adjusted to the high- smoke prevention Flue-gas pressurized Air preheter Dust White- heat exchanger treatment temperature zone. Favorable performance at an experimental plant in Fluidized Bed collector smoke tower Incinerator prevention fan Oshamanbe-cho, Hokkaido was highly recognized and this system was Metered-dose feeder

first adopted in Japan at the Kasai Water Recycling Center in Tokyo. Image diagram of this technology

Gas-liquid dissolving apparatus (Technology for improving bottom water quality by supplying water with supersaturated dissolved oxygen) (Water Quality Research Team) The release of nutrients and metals from sediments as a result of oxygen-

poor coudition in the bottom layer caused by thermodine sometimes Before significantly compromises water quality in closed water body such as reservoirs. Therefore, PWRI developed a novel gas-liquid dissolving system: creating pure oxygen gas to supply water with supersaturated dissolved oxygen to the bottom layer at any depth and increasing Do in order to improve water quality. Because the technology can supply DO After across a broad spectrum without destruction of the thermodine, unlike conventional aeration systems, water quality can be restored efficiently and effectively. This technology has been applied to the Chugoku Regional Development Bureau’s Haizuka Dam, and elsewhere. Experimental result at the Haizuka Dam (The darker the color, the higher the concentration of dissolved Gas-liquid dissolving oxygen.) apparatus (Made of FRP)

Installed anchor tensile monitoring system (Aki-Mos) (Landslide Research Team) It is necessary to maintain a certain tensile stress level with ground anchors that are used for slope stability and to prevent landslides. It is important to know the stress and any changes to it in order to maintain the anchors properly. But, stress is not measured in many anchors so it is impossible to evaluate the condition of the anchors and slopes. Therefore, we developed stress measuring technology that stores a series of stress data in a simple device and can be remotely obtained. The load meters are placed by anchor heads of existing anchors, which could hardly be done in the past. Using stressing tools, the stress on anchors are transferred to the meters. It was traditionally almost impossible to maintain anchors important for disaster prevention, but it is now possible at reasonably inexpensive costs. This technology has been used at 8 construction sites including Oodo Dam, NEXCO West in Installation of the technology Japan, the Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau’s Route 274.

Driving type water level observation device (Soil Mechanics and Dynamics Research Team) An observation well is conventionally excavated by boring to observe underground water levels. This is a simple observation device that can be driven and installed using a simple penetration machine. Because a simple temporary scaffold is used to install the device, it can be easily installed in a short period of time at low cost, thereby enhancing work safety. In terms of precision, the device is quickly responsive to water level changes and is designed to prevent clogging. (1) Drive a casing (2) Insert a rod (3) Install a as an observation into the casing, water-level well. drive the edge gauge. This device has been applied to the Tohoku Regional and expose the perforated part.

Development Bureau’s Yonesiro River, NEXCO Shikoku’s Weight Weight Tokushima Expressway and elsewhere.

Casing Rod Device Casing Water-level gauge*3

Perforated Edge corn part Perforated zone

Water-level Edge corn gauge pressure receiving Foundation ground surface

Setting image of the device Photo of the device being installed

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 49 ALiCC Method (Construction method that uses the arch action for improving foundations with a low improvement ratio) (Construction Technology Research Team) The ALiCC (Arch-action Low improvement ratio Cement Settlement of surface Soft ground Column) Method rationally calculates the embankment Soft ground Embankment load that is imposed upon a cement-type improved area Embankment by considering the arch action. In this method, which Treated Receive Treated was developed in collaboration with the private sector, soil soil Treated stress soil improved to push out improved body body improved cement area are arranged further apart to minimize the body improvement needed and floated. By reducing the improvement ratio, costs and work time can also be Supporting layer Supporting layer reduced. So far, this method has been used in the Kyushu Conventional method ALiCC method Regional Development Bureau’s Ariake Coastal Highway and the Kinki Regional Development Bureau’s Maruyama River, among other sites. In 2010, it was used in Tottori Prefecture’s Shiomi River Renovation Work, and the Kinki Regional Development Bureau’s Maihara Bypass Renovation Work, etc.

Rationalization method for bridge bases through composite ground pile foundation using piles and ground improvement (Geotechnical Research Team) This method is a design method for reflecting the shear strength increase from improvement peaty soft ground or other potentially liquefiable ground mainly as horizontal resistance to the pile foundation to be installed on such ground. The conventional design method for pile foundation on peaty soft improvement ground requires a number of piles and a bigger frame to ensure ground horizontal resistance to piles. This composite ground pile On-site foundation enables a reduction in piles and downsizing of the driving pile frame structure, and can ,therefore, improve seismic resistance Conventional design method Composite ground pile foundation and achieve significant cost reductions. In 2010, this method was used in five locations including the Regional High-Standard Construction cost reduction by 10% - 40% Highway Kushiro-Nakashibetsu Highway.

High-performance SMA ( Road Maintenance Research Team) Pavement surface layer is usually designed, produced and placed so that the physical and mechanical quality is even in the vertical direction. Even though the needs for pavement vary, it was impossible to construct a pavement to meet such needs since single-function layers were placed by one placement. The Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, jointly with SMA with durability Function of porous pavement a private company, designed and produced a new pavement mixture that has both the texture of porous pavement and the durability of Stone Matrix Asphalt. It also developed technology for placing the mixture in one layer with a gradient. This Aggregate Asphalt Void Mortar technology gives the surface layer balanced performance such Upper layer as sufficient durability (plastic flow resistance, wear resistance, With suﬃcient roughness One layer placement with aggregate loss resistance), safety (drainage function, skid diﬀerent characteristic Middle to lower layer resistance, non glaring), environmental preservation (low noise) Stable and durable and comfort (smoothness). This technology received the High-performance SMA National technological Development Award in 2001 and is used all over Japan in national and municipal roads with heavy traffic and where high skid resistance is required. In 2010, the technology was used in 34 locations such as Route 36.

50 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Composite box culvert (Structures Research Team) The construction cost of Expressways for high embankment areas accounts for a large portion of the total construction cost, and road Detail of roof slab alignment plan significantly affects the construction cost. Reinforced High ﬂuidity concrete Steel plate (t=8mm SS400) concrete (RC) box culverts have been applied to the crossing of Express ways over an existing road. The box culvert is one of the control point of road alignment plans. Pipe dowel STK400 Height adjusting bolt M16 Therefore, a new type box culvert was developed. It is the composite RC roof slab Sandwich roof slab Minimum ﬁll 50cm box culvert that has an RC structure for the bottom slab and side walls, Pavement surface to Pavement be about 1m lower 8cm and steel/concrete composite for the roof slab, and does not require soil cover on top. The total fill can be reduced by about 1 m, compared to the RC box culvert, and can reduce the construction cost. This composite box culvert has two types: using either a pipe dowel or a square steel pipe for the roof slab. In 2010, the box was applied to 8 sites. RC box culvert Composite box culvert Composite box culvert

Quality control of embankment with impact acceleration tester (Geotechnical Research Team)

This Impact Acceleration Tester can control quality of embankments that serve as the base for roads Handle in a simple, prompt and inexpensive manner. The quality control method for embankments that has widely been used requires at least one whole day until the results are available and sometimes affects the progress of work. This Impact Acceleration Tester is easy to use and generates results on-site at once to allow ensure quality control of embankments in a short time. This tester has been used many times by the Acceleration Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, especially for stability treatment works. sensor Diameter

Fall height 40cm 6cm

Repair/Reinforcement with combined use of fiber reinforced polymer with short-fiber mixed shotcrete (Materials Research Team)

The smart-shot method installs fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) on Aramid fiber mesh existing concrete and sprays short-fiber mixed shotcrete over it as rational and effective repair/reinforcement of existing reinforced concrete structures. Vinylon short-fiber Improved punching, shear capacity and flexural capacity can be Smart shot method Normal mortar Construction underway obtained from the FRP, while improved shear capacity and prevention of concrete peeling can be obtained from the short-fiber, which can reduce material costs and consequently the total cost. In particular, organic fiber and hollow microspheres are highly durable against the environment in cold snowy regions where freeze-thaw Hollow microsphere occurs and anti-freezing agent is sprayed. These materials also prolong Vinylon short-fiber Aramid fiber mesh the lifespan of structures. So far, this method has been applied to four sites.

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 51 (Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004) Lifesaving in collaboration with the Tokyo Fire Department Lifesaving in collaboration with the Tokyo The site at which the staﬀ of PWRI gave technical advice in rescuing a mother and two children trapped in a car in a landslide. Bridge damage survey (Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011) Japan has been affected by frequent natural disasters involving earthquakes, torrential rains, sediment disasters and snow and disasters sediment rains, torrential earthquakes, involving disasters natural frequent by affected been has Japan occurrence the to response prompt for place in system a has PWRI losses. property and human major in resulting damage, of a disaster to survey the actual condition of damages immediately after the disaster, to restoration give methods technical instruction for on affected civil engineering structures and to provide technical disaster. techniques from a sediment assistance relating to lifesaving Immediately following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, at the requests of the central and local governments, we restoration, emergency for instructions provided structures, other and embankments road bridges, to damage the surveyed and thus made great contributions to securing the safety of roads, the key of the transport routes for emergency vehicles and levees river by induced damage to respond technically help to appropriate as experts sent also We supplies. relief and landslides, as well as damage to dams and sewage treatment plants. In the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake of 2004, we gave collaboration In failures. slope by buried and attacked children two and mother a rescue to removal soil on advice technical signed has PWRI well. as lifesaving to contributed we Department, Fire Tokyo the of squads Rescue Hyper of members with a cooperative agreement with the Tokyo Fire Department to allow prompt response to lifesaving needs in the event of a disaster. In response government to and local authorities, requests PWRI provides technical from instruction to resolve the issues more in assist We regions. relating cold and engineering civil to national than 2,000 cases agriculture, each fisheries, year, in andparticipates the in harbors. fields some year, every meetings PWRIcommittee technical academic of 1,500 also governmental and supporting national and regional authorities with technical advice. We findings and also research results reflect in the development accumulated and revision of various technical standards.

Disaster Restoration Support Technical Instruction PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Technical Instruction Technical 52 53 Planning Division Planning Promotion Division Promotion Report of Deputy Director for for Director Deputy Research groups (Research teams) Research Coordination Research Cold Region Technology Technology Region Cold Institute for Cold Region Cold for Institute Civil Engineering Research Research Engineering Civil examination results PWRI dispatched members Director of Cold-Region Construction Engineering Research Group Chief Researcher (Construction Technology) Director of Hydraulic Engineering Research Group Director of Construction Technology Research Department Director of Erosion and Sediment Control Research Group Director of Bridges and Structural Technology Research Group Director of Road Technology Research Group Director of Water Environment Research Group Director of Material and Geotechnical Engineering Research Group Research Coordinator for Earthquake Engineering for coordination Communication Disaster support in disaster emergency Technical instruction/ cooperation Technology enhancement, development of engineers Technical instruction to municipal governments Survey research, technology development Dissemination of research results, etc. Contact, communicate and coordination cooperation matters Information System (NEIS) Committee New Technology Information System (NTIS) PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Request for Public Works Research Institute Committee for examination Bridge, slope Bridge, engineering civil Dam, foundation Environment, others and control Sediment pavement Concrete, machinery Road, road wall, Retaining scaffolding Temporary others and treatment Ground Promotion of development of Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, etc. New Technology Conceptual view of alliance For a highly difficult technology ・Organize an expert review meeting that includes outside experts. ・Also participate in trial plans and ex-post evaluations. Content: Examine validity of technology, etc. technology, of validity Examine Content: heads group executive and Chairman as Executive Chief Members: Lecture meeting for the general public Lecture meeting for the etc. Content: Preliminary examination, trial planning, post evaluation post planning, trial examination, Preliminary Content: members governments, and academia industry, from Experts Composition: PWRI by sent Bureau [Hokkaido] [Tohoku] [Kanto] [Hokuriku] [Chubu] [Kinki] [Chugoku] [Shikoku] [Kyushu] Evaluation RDB Evaluation works Road, river, Posting of evaluation result Construction Hokkaido dam, sediment, Efficient and effective development and maintenance/management of infrastructure Ordered by Developed by Constructed by (XXXX method) information information Person who wishes to utilize new technology NETIS proposal NETIS evaluation ・Safety / Durability ・Quality / Completion soundness ・Construction efficiency / Economic efficiency ・Environmental impact

New Technology Information

Director of Construction Technology Research Department Content: Dissemination (select recommended technologies) Analyze usage inhibitors Extract ﬁeld needs Composition: Experts from MLIT, industry and academia On the internet the On System (NEIS) review meeting (MLIT) of the Construction Bureau of Hokkaido shaking hands Acting Chief Executive Kawamura (right) and Director Miyaki (left) PWRI has concluded agreements with local governments for the purpose of civil engineering technical support, training system. support technical our strengthen to striving are we and support, disaster providing and engineers, developing and For instance, the Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region made a statement in 2010 that the institute aims to become a civil engineering ‘home doctor’ and announced a policy to gear up its technical support to local governments. In response to this statement, an alliance/cooperation agreement capacity technical improving of for objectives the with activities in civil engaged is institute the and engineering City, Kushiro and City was Sapporo concluded with Hokkaido, and training engineers in these regions. Upon Upon requests of bureaus, regional the development PWRI examines Committee technical items such as for the safety NETIS and economic efficiency regional of relevant the to proposed replies and new techniques We etc. as bureau, appropriate. development also send our development bureaus’ committee contributing for are NETIS people we way, this In members. to its as the regional to the of usage promotion new technologies and the enhancement of overall technology we Furthermore, competencies. development meetings review NETIS the to people our send a provide and members as MLIT by organized issues technological to support of range wide consulted individually from development the bureaus, etc. regional concerning the utilization of new technologies. In this way, PWRI is actively involved system. with the of operation the overall PWRI strives to information. guide We send and lecturers for a disseminate wide variety from of civil courses training courses engineering for engineers at the Infrastructure, Transport College and of Tourism, Land, regional development bureaus, the Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, governments, local and universities, to lecture meetings directed toward high schools, primary and secondary schools, and the general public.

Support to the New Technology Dispatch of Lecturers Information System (NETIS) Other Technical Instruction Dissemination of Research Findings

Publications of the Public Works Research Institute Research results of PWRI are published and/or posted on the internet as: Reports of PWRI, PWRI Materials, Joint Research Reports, Monthly Reports of the Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, etc.

Publications by Corporation PWRI has published the below books under copyright law. These books are available at bookstores.

Book title Publisher Price excluding tax Eco-cement Concrete Utilization Technology Manual Gihodo Shuppan JPY2,000 Manual on the Application of Nondestructive Testing for Soundness Diagnosis of Concrete Civil Gihodo Shuppan JPY4,400 Engineering Structures Countermeasure Manual of Ground Contamination for Construction Sites (provisional edition) Kajima Publishing JPY2,300 Surplus Soil Utilization Technique Manual (Third Edition) Public Works Research Center JPY1,905 Physical and Chemical Information Trove about Human Use Pharmaceuticals Gihodo Shuppan JPY6,400 Manual on Recycling of Construction Scrap Lumber (Draft) Taisei Shuppan JPY1,900 Countermeasure Manual of Dioxin Contaminated Soil for Construction Sites (provisional edition) Kajima Publishing JPY2,200 Manual of Simple Measurement Methods for Dioxins in Soil Kajima Publishing JPY1,900 Manual of Application Technology of Other Industries Recycled Material in Construction Works Taisei Shuppan JPY3,900 ALiCC Method Manual for Ground Improvement Kajima Publishing JPY1,900 Utilization Technique Manual for Liquefied Stabilized Soil Gihodo Shuppan JPY3,000 Manual for Recycling Construction Sludge Taisei Shuppan JPY5,000 Maintenance Manual for Ground Anchors Kajima Publishing JPY3,000 Soil Pavement Handbook for Pedestrians Taisei Shuppan JPY2,000 Manual for Landslide Measurements with Insertion Borehole Inclinometer Rikohtosho JPY3,200 Manual for Inspection of Concrete Structures by Nondestructive/Micro-destructive Tests Taisei Shuppan JPY3,400

Application in Standards Research findings are reflected in new and revised standards for infrastructure. ■River Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ・Preliminary Technical Guidelines for Landslide Investigation and Its Remedies for Reservoirs ・Guidelines for Seismic Safety Evaluation of Dams for Large Earthquakes (Draft) ■Road Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ・Highway Bridge Specifications and Instruction Manual ■Ministry of the Environment ・Guidelines for Applying for Offshore Disposal of Waste ・Guidelines for Topographical Changes to Final Disposal Sites ■Related Organizations ・Standard Specifications for Concrete Structures etc.Japan Society of Civil Engineers ・Engineering Bedrock Classification Method, etc. Japanese Geotechnical Society ・Guidelines and Commentary on Earthquake Proofing Sewage Treatment Facilities, etc.Japan Sewage Works Association ・River Earthwork Manual etc. Japan Institute of Construction Engineering ・Manual of Design and Construction of Reinforced Earth Using Geotextiles, etc. Public Works Research Center ・Manual of Design and Construction of High-Standard Embankments Foundation for Riverfront Improvement and Restoration ・Electronic Delivery Methods for Geological and Soil Research Findings Japan Construction Information Center

Presentation of Papers PWRI publishes approximately 1,400 papers each year, including the presentation of papers at international conferences and academic meetings, and the submission of papers for publication in collections and specialist journals. We aim to present high- quality findings, with more than 270 of these papers undergoing peer review before publication.

54 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 55 consultation corner Exhibition/Technical Exhibition/Technical Scene of on-site tour (３) PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Lecture being delivered Lecture being delivered Scene of on-site tour (２) Scene of on-site tour (1) The Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region Exchange organizes Forums Engineer sponsored branch by offices its Hokkaido in various in information parts order of development desired to by these on places exchange and to promote among engineers and researchers human from technological exchanges academia and governments. industry, The On-site Seminar various is parts cosponsored of Engineering in Hokkaido Research by Institute Region the for Civil and Cold Development the Bureau disseminate various Hokkaido and survey methods countermeasures developed by PWRI for the Regional and serves promotion of development in Hokkaido. to The PWRI New Technology or reduction time reduction, Seminar cost for technologies selected gives lectures on other application effectiveness so as to addressdetailed technical trends in the respective areas as may be current required for application at sites, etc. The seminar is held every year in Tokyo. The On-site Tour is held on as many occasions as practical in the field where PWRI developedactually can participants technologythe that ensure to applied actually is being and methods application learn and feel eyes, their with see benefits. The “PWRI new technology showcase” is a seminar event seminar a is showcase” technology new “PWRI The for explaining new technologies projects, developed exhibiting in panels and joint models in room a separate and welcoming application to actual sites. any The showcase is held technical to Sapporo every including cities other few a and Tokyo in year inquiries for promote new technologies.

PWRI New Technology PWRI New Technology Seminar / Engineer Exchange Showcase On-site Seminar On-site Seminar Forum Open House

PWRI utilizes a variety of opportunities to inform the general public of our research programs and civil engineering in general during Science and Technology Week, and on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Day, and Civil Engineering Day (November 18). During the open house, professionals and students from other institutes, universities and vocational colleges, as well as amateurs including children from local areas come to get a glimpse of what PWRI is doing as a research institute. We are also actively supporting local projects each year such as the stamp rally for the “Honorary Kids Doctorate of Science” in Tsukuba, giving these young future scientists tours within the institute.

Public Works Research Institute

The Open House is held on November 18, Civil Engineering Day, so as to teach people more about civil engineering projects. Participants board a bus and cruise around various experimental facilities. Explanations are given as to Display of removed bridge members what each facility is doing and how the result is actually used in daily life. At some facilities, participants may actually watch a simulation model being tested. Additionally, a hands-on class and a Paper Bridge Designing Contest are held to acquaint participants with civil engineering.

Trying to make concrete

56 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

The Open House of the Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region has been held in July around Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Day every year since 1983 so that the general public and children may get to

know about the role of the Institute and Playing with marine animals research topics and results we are working on. Every year, each team sets a theme and displays elaborate exhibitions in line with a theme. Furthermore, a quiz rally is held. We make efforts to introduce our research in enjoyable, playful and interactive settings. Recently, the Institute has provided a special activity for professional civil engineers in addition to activities for the general public.

Aqua Restoration Research Center

Every year, the Aqua Restoration Research Center (Kakamigahara, Gifu Prefecture) provides various summer programs for families through which research findings are to be disseminated and environmentally-conscious educational programs are to be developed. These

programs target elementary school Interactive learning with river and aquatic animals in a students of lower grades, and give them family summer class a variety of hands-on opportunities to enjoy and interact with nature at our experimental facilities. With the theme that a river connects to mountains and all the way down to the sea and that water is circulating every year, we carefully craft the programs that attract children’s interest.

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 57 Contribution to the International Community Organizations Alliance with International PWRI is actively involved in research collaboration with international research organizations in Asian and other countries, via research cooperation agreements. For example, the 2010 flood in Pakistan affected one fourth of its land. UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) was seeking ways to support the country immediately after the outbreak. The International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) used the Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) with the satellite rainfall information to estimate the flood flow forecast in important locations of

Pakistan, and provided data on a daily basis on the website of the International H.E. Mrs. Irina Bokova, Director General of Flood Initiative (IFI) for which the ICHARM is the secretariat. At the request of UNESCO in Japan UNESCO, we sent employees to Pakistan as members of a field survey group. UNESCO highly recognized these cooperative activities and requested the ICHARM to help UNESCO introduce the IFAS-based flood forecast/warning system to its Flood Response Capacity Building Project in Pakistan, as well assist with human resource development. PWRI has concluded an alliance agreement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and has already begun technical cooperation for regional support (CDTA7276-REG). In collaboration with financing institutions such as the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the World Bank, PWRI Meeting with Pakistan government employees aims to plan and conduct research and training projects to this end. and UNESCO survey group

Sweden Finland Russia

Britain Holland Germany

France Romania Uzbekistan Sapporo Italy Albania Armenia Tajikistan USA Korea Syria China Lebanon Tsukuba Iran Jordan Pakistan Nepal Bangladesh Taiwan India Myanmar Laos Thailand Honduras Vietnam Guatemala Cambodia Philippines Ethiopia Venezuela Srilanka Malaysia Columbia Singpore Kenya Indonesia

Brazil

Country with international research partners

Country where JICA has sent experts New Zealand

58 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 59 (m) Asia 0.005L 824/21 0.7+ ≥ The Japanese equation for evaluation of minimum girder/beam crossing length is described. E Assuming a light bridge with a support interval of 30m and pier height of 10m, the girder/beam crossing length must be 1.7 times that of the old standard in Chili. S 1435/115 2006 ‒ 2010 Number of People / Country 98/21 foreign trainees Europe 100/9 Africa 205/28 Oceania 39/10 Middle East 169/26 Central and South America Record of foreign trainees welcomed by PWRI by welcomed trainees foreign of Record PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Updated seismic design standard in Chili Brazil Brazil Brazil Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela Columbia Columbia Columbia Honduras Honduras Honduras Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala USAUSAUSA

At the requests of the JICA and the government, academic conferences, and overseas research institutions, PWRI sends employees (approximately 50 annually) abroad and actively provides PWRI’s findings and research results to the international community. Upon the occurrence of a employees. disaster For instance, we sent PWRI employees in to the affected area as a foreign country, members we of the Japan dispatch Society of Civil Engineers following the 2010 Chili earthquake. They surveyed the damage there, introduced seismic design part a result, a As data. and information provided and bridges for methods of Japan’s technical standards has been incorporated design standards for road bridges. in Chili’s seismic Over the past five years, PWRI We has received America. South & Central and Africa Asia, more in countries 115 than from field engineering 1,400 trainees engineering in the civil civil in world the across resources human develop and train to strive also training professional engineering civil for lecturers many dispatching by technology courses on rivers and dams, road against administration, bridge sediment technology, disaster, measures sewage technology, etc. countries. targeted at engineers from developing sponsored by JICA and These training courses are Meanwhile, in collaboration with the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) and JICA, ICHARM has since 2007 been implementing Degree Program a entitled 1-year Water-related Master’s Risk Management Course of the Disaster of Science the Disaster in Course Doctoral a as well as Program, Policy Management since 2010. Prevention Program

Human Resource Overseas Technical New Zealand Zealand New New Support Zealand New Development

Tsukuba

Tsukuba Tsukuba

Sapporo

SapporoSapporo

Korea KoreaKorea Philippines Philippines Philippines Taiwan Taiwan Taiwan Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam Laos Laos Laos Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Singpore Singpore Singpore Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Thailand Thailand Thailand ChinaChina China Myanmar Myanmar Myanmar Russia Russia Nepal Nepal Nepal Srilanka Srilanka Srilanka Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh India India India Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan Tajikistan Tajikistan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Iran Iran Iran Armenia Armenia Armenia Syria Syria Syria Kenya Kenya Kenya Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Jordan Jordan Jordan Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Romania Romania Romania Finland Finland Finland Albania Albania Albania Sweden Sweden Sweden Germany Germany Germany Italy Italy Italy Holland Holland Holland Country with international research partners Country where JICA has sent experts France France France BritainBritain Britain Introduction of Facilities Tsukuba Central Research Institute, International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management, and Center for Advanced Engineering Structural Assessment and Research

Land and Buildings As of 1 April 2012 Building Total floor Facility name Land area space Building Land Headquarters (Tsukuba) 333,475 38,551 48,029 Snow Avalanche and Landslide Research Center (Niigata) 10,031 1,422 2,656 The Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), which Asagiri Environmental Material Observation was part of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Station (Shizuoka) 18,511 65 65 Transport, has recently been relaunched as an independent administrative institution. However, Aqua Restoration Research Center (Gifu) 164,554 597 597 PWRI also carries out experiments using the facilities of National Institute for Land and Total 526,571 40,635 51,347 Infrastructure Management. E－15 E－9 Unit: m2. Values are rounded off to the nearest whole number. Pavement road surface noise River model test research laboratory yard Structural dynamics laboratory

Storage for removed materials for Dam model vibration test PA building clinical research laboratory Current meter calibration Torrent Observatory Vibration channel E－14 channel Groundwater mode test laboratory Earthquake engineering laboratory Dam hydraulics laboratory hydrology Wave field annex laboratory channels E－10 D－8 D－3 D－6 E－6 Dam hydraulics laboratory Atmospheric diffusion laboratory E－13 E－5E－5 G－5 Greenhouse E－3E－3 E－12E－12 D－2 D－5 Greenery test field River environment Archive Structural aerodynamics laboratory Geological investigation Recycle pavement material laboratory D－4 test field accelerated durability test facility E－4 E－7 D－7 Structural aerodynamics laboratory E－1 EE－2－2 River hydraulics laboratory Coastal hydraulics laboratory D－1 F－９ Refluxa flow Sanitary engineering Dam hydraulics Sanitary engineering channel laboratory laboratory F－1 Test track and hydrology Mist environment F－7 Full-scale test tunnel laboratory Hydraulics Skid resistance test field laboratory Traffic sign C－4 Traffic collision F－６ laboratory test field Shinkotsu F－8 G －1 A－2－1 C- Noise control Nishi Oodori Ave. (R408) A－5 A－2－2 laboratory ITS Center building Construction machine test field Wastewater Main research F－５ A－3 treatment plant building C－3 Strong motion earthquake observation station Micropollutant Material and structural A－1 analysis Center for Advanced Engineering Structural engineering laboratory Pavement test field I－1 laboratory Assessment and Research complex FF－10－10 A－0 Mechanized construction laboratory Annex (7F/8F) Construction materials A－4 B－2 research center SecuritySecurity gategate Foundation engineering laboratory Tunnel laboratory Front gate B－1 B－4 Earth structure laboratory Garage for field testing Center for Advanced Engineering Structural devices Assessment and Research G－3 B－6 Seepage laboratory B－3 Dynamic geotechnical centrifuge laboratory B－9 FF－３－３ Landslide model test laboratory F－４ B－5 Hydrological Earth works laboratory observation field B－7 Geological engineering laboratory B－8 B－10 Underwater environmental test pit Construction environment laboratory F－２

Earth works test ﬁeld

Experimental river C Experimental river B Experimental river A

Meandering zone Lagoon zone Floodplain Natural Meandering zone (Downstream) zone environment (Upstream) regeneration zone

Aqua Restoration Research Center

60 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 TSUKUBA CITY

3D large-scale shaking table

Tunnel lining loading test

E－15 30 MN large-scale universal E－9 test machine Pavement road surface noise River model test research laboratory yard Structural dynamics laboratory

Storage for removed materials for Dam model vibration test Wheel running machine PA building clinical research laboratory Current meter calibration Torrent Observatory Vibration channel E－14 channel Groundwater mode test laboratory Earthquake engineering laboratory Dam hydraulics laboratory hydrology Wave field annex laboratory channels E－10 D－8 D－3 D－6 E－6 Atmospheric diffusion laboratory E－13 E－5E－5 G－5 Greenhouse E－3 E－12E－12 D－2 D－5 Greenery test field River environment Archive Structural aerodynamics laboratory Geological investigation Recycle pavement material laboratory D－4 test field accelerated durability test facility E－4 E－7 D－7 Structural aerodynamics laboratory E－1 E－2 River hydraulics laboratory Coastal hydraulics laboratory D－1 F－９ Refluxa flow Sanitary engineering Dam hydraulics Sanitary engineering channel laboratory laboratory F－1 Test track and hydrology Mist environment F－7 Full-scale test tunnel laboratory Hydraulics Skid resistance test field laboratory Traffic sign C－4 Traffic collision F－６ laboratory test field Shinkotsu F－8 G －1 A－2－1 C- Noise control Nishi Oodori Ave. (R408) A－5 A－2－2 laboratory ITS Center building Construction machine test field Wastewater Main research F－５ A－3 treatment plant building C－3 Strong motion earthquake observation station Micropollutant Material and structural A－1 analysis Center for Advanced Engineering Structural engineering laboratory Pavement test field I－1 laboratory Assessment and Research complex F－10 A－0 Mechanized construction laboratory Annex (7F/8F) Construction materials A－4 B－2 research center SecuritySecurity gategate Foundation engineering laboratory Tunnel laboratory Front gate B－1 B－4 Earth structure laboratory Garage for field testing Center for Advanced Engineering Structural devices Assessment and Research G－3 B－6 Seepage laboratory B－3 Dynamic geotechnical centrifuge laboratory B－9 F－３ Snow Avalanche and Landslide Research Landslide model test laboratory F－４ B－5 Hydrological Center Earth works laboratory observation field B－7 Geological engineering laboratory B－8 B－10 Underwater environmental test pit Construction environment laboratory F－２ Facility for compacting snow and measuring slipperiness Hanger Earth works test field

Storage for samples

Low-temperature Oﬃce Large-scale lab for Earth structure laboratory testing facility testing landslide Newton’s apple tree Oﬃce Weather observation equipment Storage Storage

City road Urban Area of Myoko City

Large-scale Geotechnical Dynamic Centrifuge

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 61 Introduction of Facilities Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region (Sapporo City)

Facilities

Wave basin Centrifuge

Large dynamic triaxial compression test bench High-speed hydraulic channel Irregular oscillatory water tunnel

Bibi Concrete Exposure Site (Tomakomai City)

Cold-Region Test Track in Tomakomai (Tomakomaii City)

Construction Test Field in Tomakomai

Construction Test Field in Tomakomai Cold-Region Test Track in Tomakomai

62 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 SAPPORO CITY

Rumoi Concrete Exposure Test Site (Mashike Town)

Ishikari Experiment Site (Ishikari City)

Facilities

Rockbed crack generator Wind tunnel experimental apparatus

Kakuyama Experiment Site (Ebetsu City)

Facilities

Movement control bridge seismic test laboratory

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 63 ■ Please contact: Lease System of Public Works Research Institute http://www.pwri.go.jp/ Facilities Management and Research Information Division: Telephone +81 29-879-6754 Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region http://www.ceri.go.jp/ the Facilities Planning Division: Telephone +81 11-841-1636

PWRI leases test facilities and equipment in its possession to national institutions, local governments, universities, public-interest corporations and private research organizations as a rule. There are special civil engineering test machines that are expensive or difficult to maintain properly. Some of the lease-signers are from fields other than civil engineering.

Example of lease Civil engineering-related experimental research

Experiment using a wheel Channel to generate waves and running machine reproduce the phenomena in 2D

Other experiments

Experiment using a 3D large-scale shaking table Cold-Region Test Track in Tomakomai

Other facilities for lease 30 MN large-scale universal testing machine High speed hydraulic channel Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region Earthquake engineering laboratory Wave basin Current meter calibration channel Spike raveling testing machine

Tsukuba Earth Structure Laboratory Bridge aseismic performance evaluation test apparatus Differential settlement Ion chromatography Earthwork experimental laboratory Gas chromatography Large-scale Geotechnical Dynamic Centrifuge Large dynamic triaxial compression test apparatus Dam hydraulics laboratory Indoor icy road driving test machine Pavement test field Impact acceleration tester Large-scale box shear test apparatus Other civil engineering facilities

■ Please check our homepage for application procedures, forms and regulations.

Check our homepage Application Receipt Approval Agreement Lease

64 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 ■ Please contact: Lease System of Public Works Research Institute http://www.pwri.go.jp/ Facilities Management and Research Information Division: Telephone +81 29-879-6754 History of PWRI Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region http://www.ceri.go.jp/ the Facilities Planning Division: Telephone +81 11-841-1636 May 1921 Established as the Road Materials Testing Department in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Sep. 1922 Reorganized as the Civil Engineering Laboratory in Komagome, Tokyo. Apr. 1926 Set up the Akabane Branch Office in Tokyo. Founded as the Testing Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department, Aug. 1937 Hokkaido Agency. Dec. 1947 Dissolution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Sep. 1947 Became independent as the Hokkaido Civil Engineering Institute. Jan. 1948 Renamed as the First Technical Research Institute of the Construction Bureau, Prime Minister’s Office. July 1948 Renamed as the Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Established six divisions (River and Port Engineering, Road, Structure, July 1950 July 1949 Merged with the Engineering Staff Training Center of the Ministry of Dam, Geology and Machinery). Transportation in Numazu City. Attached to the newly established Hokkaido Development Bureau and July 1951 renamed as the Civil Engineering Research Institute. Apr. 1952 Established the Shinozaki Branch Office as a hydraulics research facility for rivers and dams in Tokyo. July 1953 Renamed the Engineering Staff Training Center as the Numazu Branch Established three divisions (Applied Science, Soil Conservation and Apr. 1958 Launch of the department system Special Soil Development). Apr. 1959 Dam Division was renamed as the Geotechnical Division, and the Apr. 1960 Established the Chiba Branch in Chiba and integrated the Numazu Machinery Division was closed. Branch into it. Apr. 1960 Established the Niigata Laboratory for Landslide Experiments. Apr. 1961 Established the Kashima Hydraulics Laboratory. May 1962 Renamed the Niigata Laboratory for Landslide Experiments as the River and Port Engineering Division was divided into two divisions: Apr. 1962 Niigata Experimental Laboratory. River Engineering and Port and Harbor Engineering. Sep. 1963 Approval by the Cabinet of construction of the Science City in the Tsukuba area Apr. 1964 Established the Concrete Division. Apr. 1966 Established the Pavement Division.

June 1967 Renamed the Akabane Branch Office as “Akabane Branch,” the Apr. 1968 Established the Foundation Work Division. Shinozaki Branch Office as “Shinozaki Laboratory,” and the Kashima Hydraulics Laboratory as “the Kashima Laboratory.” May 1972 System of three Directors changed to system of four Directors. Apr. 1978 Established the General Affairs Department. Apr. 1979 Established the Fisheries Engineering Division. Mar. 1979 Relocated all the facilities to the new Tsukuba Science City. Special Soil Development Division was reorganized into Agricultural Apr. 1985 Engineering Division. Established various research programs (Joint Research, Commissioned May 1985 Research, Admission of Temporary Researchers and Specially Assigned Trainees). Apr. 1986 Established the position of Research Coordinator. Apr. 1988 Reorganized the entire body.

Apr. 1991 Established the Construction Management Engineering Center. Apr. 1993 Established the Environment Department. Renamed the Hydraulic Engineering Department as the Environment Apr. 1995 and Hydraulic Engineering Department. May 1996 Established the Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center. Apr. 1997 Renamed the Construction Management Engineering Center as the Research Center for Public Works Management. Jan. 2001 Renamed as the Public Works Research Institute of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Renamed as the Independent Administrative Institution the Civil Apr. 2001 Apr. 2001 Established the Independent Administrative Agency Public Works Engineering Research Institute of Hokkaido. Research Institute, due to restructuring of the government ministries and agencies. Some departments were integrated into the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management. The Niigata Experimental Laboratory Apr. 2003 Established the position of Director for Special Research. and the Aqua Restoration Research Center remained with PWRI.

Apr. 2004 Established a task force on setting up a center for UNESCO. Apr. 2005 Reorganized the Niigata Experimental Laboratory as the Snow Avalanche and Landslide Research Center. Mar. 2006 Established the International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management. The Independent Administrative Agency Public Works Research Institute Law was amended.

Apr. 1, 2006 Integrated as the Incorporated Administrative Agency Public Works Research Institute, not directly belonging to the ministry

Apr. 2006 The Incorporated Administrative Agency Public Works Research Institute was reorganized into the General Affairs Department, the Planning and Research Administration Department, the Tsukuba Central Research Institute, the Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, and the International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management. Apr. 2008 Established the Center for Advanced Engineering Structural Assessment and Research. Established the Cold Region Technology Promotion Division (includes Central Hokkaido, Southern Hokkaido, Northern Hokkaido and Eastern Hokkaido Branch Office) and Machinery Technology Research Team under the Director for Cold Region Technology Development Coordination.

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 65 MapGinan I.C. and Access to PWRI

Building Research Institute

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Public Works Research Institute (Tsukuba Central Research Institute) Tsuchiura Kita I.C. National Institute for Land and To Mito Infrastructure Management Shibasaki Sakuragawa River University of Tsukuba Geographical Survey Institute National Science Museum Hiratsuka Dori Tsukuba Botanical Garden To Mito Nishihiratsuka Gakuen Higashi University of Tsukuba Hospital Nishi-Odori Higashi- Odori ragakue chiu n s Tsu en Tsukuba Kenkyugakuen Station Station

Tsukuba

s Center

b Gakuen Nishi

E Minami Odori Higashi JR Tsuchiura x

p Sta. r

n Minami Odori Nishi

( T

X Tsukuba Center, Inc. ) Tsukuba National Institute of Chuo I.C. Advanced Industrial Banpaku-Kinen Science and Technology Koen St. Sakura-Tsuchiura

Science Odori Science I.C.

JR Joban Line

Sasage Tsukuba JCT

Midorino St. Arakawaoki Sta. Yatabe I.C. Tsukubausiku I.C. Industrial Science and Technology Organization Japan Iternational Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Train Akihabara Sta. Tsukuba Express Line (about 45 minutes by express) Tsukuba Sta. Tsukuba Sta.

Kantetsu Bus bound for University of Tsukuba JR Joban Line (about 60 minutes) Hitachinoushiku Sta. (about 25 minutes) Kantetsu Bus, Gate No. 5 bound for Shimotsuma Sta. or Kantetsu Bus bound for University of Tsukuba Ueno Sta. JR Joban Line (about 60 minutes) Arakawaoki Sta. (West Exit) Kenchiku Kenkyusho Doboku (about 25 minutes) Tsukuba /Building Research Institute Kenkyusho (about 25 minutes) Tsuchiura Sta. Kantetsu Bus bound for University of Tsukuba Center JR Joban Line (about 70 minutes) Mae (West Exit Bus Terminal 2) (about 25 minutes) (PWRI)

Highway At Tokyo Station, go to bus gate No. 5 Yaesu South exit. Tokyo Sta. Bus Take Tokkyu (express) Tsukuba-Go bound for Tsukuba Center or University of Tsukuba (about 70 minutes).

Shuto Kosoku Tokyo Misato I.C. Joban Expressway (about 30 minutes) Yatabe I.C. or Sakura-Tsuchiura I.C. Suitable route (about 20 minutes) Car (Metropolitan Expressway) Public Works Research Institute (Tsukuba Central Research Institute) 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-8516 Phone: +81 29-879-6700

Aqua Restoration Research Center Snow Avalanche and Landslide Research Center

To Niigata and Toyama To Gifu City To Joetsu Joetsutakada I.C.

To Ogaki City Ginan I.C. GifuKakamigahara I.C. Miyake Signbord

To minokamo City Joshin-etsu Expressway Joshin-etsu Kasamatsu Komeno JR Kitaaria Sta. Sta. Aqua Restoration Research Center Kitahasen Meitetsu Nagoya Line JR Tokaido Line

Kiso River Kawashima P.A. Kiso River

Arai P.A. JR Shin-etsu Line Michino-eki Tokai Hokuriku Expressway Smart I.C. Arai

Minamihasen JR Arai Sta. Twin Arch 138 Myoko City Hall

Ichinomiya Kisogawa I.C. Yashiro River

Nishijima 5 Snow Avalanche and Landslide Owari Research Center Ichinomiya Sta. Ichinomiya I.C. Meishin Expressway Nakago I.C.

Ichinomiya JCT To Nagoya City To Nagano

Kan-yuchi-mubanchi Kawashimakasada-machi, Kakamigahara-shi, Gifu-ken 501-6021 2-6-8 Nishiki-cho, Myoko-shi, Niigata-ken 944-0051 Phone: +81 586-89-6036 Phone: +81 255-72-4131

[Train] [Train] Take the Meitetsu Nagoya Line either from Shin Nagoya Station or Shin Gifu Station. ・Nagano Shinkansen (Tokyo-Nagano) About 1 hour and 40 minutes Get off at Kasamatsu Station. From the Kasamatsu Station, 10 minutes taxi ride (taxi is the Shinetsu Line (Nagano-Arai) About 1 hour and 10 minutes only means of transportation). Total ...... About 2 hours and 50 minutes ・Niigata-Naoetsu-Arai...... About 2 hours and 30 minutes [Car] [Car] The ARRC is 10 minutes drive from Gifu Kakamigahara I.C. on the Tokai Hokuriku ・From Joetsutakada I.C. on Joetsu Expressway ... About 8 km 15 minutes Expressway. From Nakago I.C. on Joetsu Expressway ...... About 4 km 10 minutes Use the west parking area of the Water Eco Park. The ARRC is also within walking distance From Arai Sta...... About 2 km 5 minutes from the Kawashima P.A. on the Tokai Hokuriku Expressway.

66 PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 Access to Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

Inazumi Koen Sta. Shin Kotoni St. Okadama Airport

Teine I.C. Shinkawa I.C. JR Gakuentoshi Hassamu Sta. Line Fushiko I.C.

Sapporo-Kita I.C. Ebetsu Kariki Hokkaido I.C. I.C. Expressway Hassamu Sasson Chuo Sta. Expressway Hachiken St. Sapporo Nishi I.C. Kotoni Sta. Hokkaido University Sapporo JCT Naebo Sta. Sapporo Sta. Oasa Sta. Sapporo Station JR Hakodate Line Soen Sta. Sapporo Hokkaido Government Kitago I.C. City Hall JR Hakodate Line Odori Shinrinkoen Tozai Line Sta Shiroishi Sta. Heiwa Sta. Hokkai Gakuen Atsubetsu Sta. University Susukino Nakajima Park JR Chitose Line Oyachi I.C. Shin Sapporo Sta. Toho Line CERI Nakajima Koen Namboku Line Namboku

Horohira Bashi CERI d

Nakanoshima Sapporo University Sapporo Kaminopporo Station Minami I.C. Sta.

Toyohira River

Access CERI is located on the eastern side of the Toyohira River that goes through the center of Sapporo City, in an area called Hiragishi in Toyohira-ku. The institute is about 200 meters north of, or 3 minutes walk from, the Nakanoshima Station on the Namboku Line of the Sapporo City Subway System.

Change trans Rapid train JR Sapporo Sta. (about 5 About 10 minutes Train (about 36 minutes) minutes) Sapporo Sta. on Nakanoshima Sta. About 3 Civil Namboku Line on Namboku Line minutes walk Engineering Highway New Chitose Highway Bus (about 60 minutes) Research Airport Bus Institute for Cold Region

Suitable route Hokkaido Expressway Suitable route Chitose I.C. Kitago I.C. Car (about 10 minutes) (about 25 minutes) (about 20 minutes)

Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region 3-1-34 Hiragishi Ichijo, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi 062-8602 Phone: +81 11-841-1624

Southern Hokkaido Branch Office Northern Hokkaido Branch Office Eastern Hokkaido Branch Office

Kushiro Station

Yojo dori Eiryubashi dori 39 Midoribashi dori JR Nemuro Line Sanjo dori Kita odori Goryokaku Koenmae Station Nijo dori Nothern Hokkaido Eastern Hokkaido Branch Office Southern Hokkaido Branch Office Hokkaido Kushiro Area Police Headquarters Branch Office Ichijo dori

Takasago dori Showa dori Joint Government Building Kushiro City hall Ryoun Junior Kushiro Belt Line High School Asahikawa Station JR Soya Line Kushiro Kokudo

Asahiseimei Hakodate Yanagawa Building Asahikawa Midoribashi-dori Daiichiseimei Daidoseimei Kushiro Building 5-10 Yanagawa-cho,Hakodate-shi, Building 9-50-3 Ichijo-dori, Asahikawa-shi 10-1-6 Suehiro-cho, Kushiro-shi Hokkaido 040-0015 Hokkaido 070-0031 Hokkaido 085-0014 Phone: +81 138-82-8010 Phone: +81 166-72-6001 Phone: +81 154-25-6777 Facsimile: +81 138-52-8201 Facsimile: +81 166-22-3747 Facsimile: +81 154-25-6787

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 67 Incorporated Administrative Agency Public Works Research Institute

Public Works Research Institute

Tsukuba Central Research Institute International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management Center for Advanced Engineering Structural Assessment and Research 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-8516 Phone: +81 29-879-6700 http://www.pwri.go.jp/eindex.html e-mail：[email protected]

Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region 3-1-34 Hiragishi Ichijo, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 062-8602 Phone: +81 11-841-1624 http://www.ceri.go.jp/english/index.html 2012 e-mail：[email protected]

Recycled paper Access to Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

Inazumi Koen Sta. Shin Kotoni St. Okadama Airport

Teine I.C. Shinkawa I.C. JR Gakuentoshi Hassamu Sta. Line Fushiko I.C.

Horohira Bashi CERI d

Nakanoshima Sapporo University Sapporo Kaminopporo Station Minami I.C. Sta.

Toyohira River

Suitable route Hokkaido Expressway Suitable route Chitose I.C. Kitago I.C. Car (about 10 minutes) (about 25 minutes) (about 20 minutes)

Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region 3-1-34 Hiragishi Ichijo, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi 062-8602 Phone: +81 11-841-1624

Southern Hokkaido Branch Office Northern Hokkaido Branch Office Eastern Hokkaido Branch Office

Kushiro Station

Takasago dori Showa dori Joint Government Building Kushiro City hall Ryoun Junior Kushiro Belt Line High School Asahikawa Station JR Soya Line Kushiro Kokudo

PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012 67