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RADIOACTIVITY SURVEY DATA in Japan

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RADIOACTIV SURVEY D｣A ln Al)ri11963,in compli seLforthbytheJapanAtomi the Division oE Radioactiv Institute ofRadiologicalSci( 1.Collect,rCCOrd and on radiation from Natiorl 2.Analyze theinform之】 3.Establish a radiatior exchange center. As a p;lrt Of thc asく thc Nationwidc R;ldioactiv Were aSSClnbled an〔1coll叩il Prcscntl)1ans are toissuet On a quarterly basis. For furtherinformatioI POrtedin thisissue,rCadcr5 COntributorsindicatedin th RadioactivitySurveyDa inJapan Number 4 AⅦguSt1964 Comtents Page MeteorogictlData I)ieta Strontium-90and Cesium-137in Rain andDry Strontium-90and Cesiu] Fallout(Jbpan AnalyticalChemistry (肋如彿αZ血βま宜紬fβ Rβgβαγ¢九九β招%fβ)………………….1 ぶ¢宜β%¢ββ)‥.‥‥‥. (九pα≠A≠α‡〃抽αZ( GeograpbicalData ∫九βf宜紬fβ)‥.‥.‥‥ Strontium-90and Cesium-137in Soil Strontium-90and Cesiul (抽出0耽α£∫朋f宜f≠fβげ月αd宜0～og宜¢α乙 (九pα彿A≠α如£¢αい ぶβ£β≠¢ββ)‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥ J九β£宜紬fβ)‥‥‥‥‥ (九pα彿A≠α‡〃士官¢αZC九β刑由fγyRβg紺γ¢九 (乃αγαg宜Pγ小β£≠γβ 力ほ抽加ゎ)…………………………‥ 7 Strontium-90and Cesiu] Water Data (九pαれA%α如ま¢αヱ･ Strontium-90and Cesium-137in City Water ∫れβf宜ねfβ)‥‥.‥‥. (抽出0≠α～∫≠βま宜ねまβq′Rαd宜0わgieα£ Strontium-90andCesiuI ぶ¢宜β竹βββ).‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥ (tねpα雅Aれα如宜eα‡･ (九pα≠A≠αZyfま¢α乙C九β例言8fγyRβββαγC九 ∫那f宜f髄fβ).‥‥‥‥. ● MeteorologlCalData Strontium-90and Cesium-137in Rain and Dry Fallout (九pα彿A≠α如宜¢α‡C九β例言β£γ財月βββαγC九∫れβ£加古β) SinceMay1963,theJapanAnalyticalChemistry StrOntium and cesium c王 ResearchInstitute,On COmmission bytheScience COlumn fi11ed with sodil] andTechnologyAgency,hasmeasuredstrontium-90 resin(Dowex 50W-Ⅹ8, and cesium-137 contentin monthly deposits at COlumn was sent totheJ VariouslocationsthroughoutJapan.Samplingand ResearchInstitute for m. for Pre-treatment concentration have been carried used wasillustratedin Outby24prefecturalpublic healthlaboratories. this publication. The tray recommended by the Science and After a fraction conl TechnologyAgencyhasacollectionareaof5,000cm2, and cesium-137was elut( to andis exposed rain and dust throughout the ChemicalanalysIS WaS Ca二 depth month･The of waterin the trayiskept recommendedbytheScien to atlOmm preventdust from beingblown away. Results obtained du】 Attheendofeachmonth,Waterinthe七rayand 1963to Mareh1964are∈ to WateruSed wash the tray are combined with Tablel.9(･Sr and137Csin Rain and Dry Fa1lout -Dec63 ByT.Asari,M･Chiba andM･Kurod (J叩αルAヶ乙αヱy£宜¢α～Cんβmぬfγy月8β紺γ一 station D認諾n Pre?$tion(m温2) Deeember1963 Sapporo,HOKXAIDO 28 84.2 1.10 Aomori,AOM:ORI 27 109.8 1.91 Sendai,MIYAGI 36 20.6 0.24 Akita,AKITA 27 153.6 2.87 Mito,IBARAGI 36 12.0 0.30 Kumagaya,SAITAMA 35 13.8 0.09 Tokyo 35 29.8 0.11 Yokohama,KANAGAWA 35 35.0 0.31 Niigata,NIIGATA 31 173.0 2.94 Kanazawa,ISHIKAWA 31 203.5 3.01 Fukd,FUKUI 29 207.7 3.97 Shizuoka,SHIZUOKA 36 39.0 0.27 Nagoya,AICHI 31 63.4 0.22 Eyoto,EYOTO 31 19.0 0.80 Osaka,OSAXA 35 23.3 0.33 Eobe,HYOGO 33 16.4 0 ● 3 4 Wakayama,WAKAYAMA 31 23.6 0 ● 3 9 Tottori,TOTTORI 35 124.0 2 ■ 2 5 Okayama,OKAYAMA 31 21.6 0 ● 2 5 Hiroshima,HIROSHIMA 31 27.3 0 ● 2 4 0 ● 3 0 Eoebi,EOCEI 31 2 5 ● 4 ● Fukuoka,FUKUOKA 31 7 3 ● 1 1 1 2 0 ● 98 Nagasaki,NAGASAKI 33 8 0 ● 4 nO Kagoshima,KAGOSHIMA 31 6 7 ● 0 0 ■ 4 Ja∬‖皿ary1964 Sapporo,HOKEAIDO 3 4 95.5 l ● 7926575108 Aomori,AOMORI 3 1 805.0 1 ● Sendai,MIYAGI 2 6 107.3 0 ● Akita,AKITA 3 1 160.0 2 ● Mito,IBARAGI 2 6 120.0 0 ● Kumagaya,SAITAMA 2 5 45.6 0 ● 2433731941 Tokyo 2 7 144.6 1 ● Yokohama,KANAGAWA 2 6 159.4 0 ● Niigata,NIIGATA 3 1 119.1 2 ● Kanazawa,ISHIKAWA 3 1 216.7 3 ● Fukui,FUKUI 3 4 169.7 3 ● 082058 Shizuoka,SHIZUOKA 2 6 178.1 1 ● 3 1 80.5 0 ● Table(1)9"Srand137CsinRainandDry Fallout -Dec63toM Duration Precipitation ワ√lSr (days) (mm) (me/km2) February1964 1 ● 1471359146 Sapporo,HOKKAIDO 2929302629 112.5 Aomori,AOMORI 155.0 0 ● Sendai,MIYAGI 43.1 0 ● Akita,AKITA 55.7 1 ● Mito,IBARAGI 58.0 0 ● 60.2 0 ● 4556691685 Kumagaya,SAITAMA 3129312929 Tokyo 64.0 0 ● Yokohama,KANAGAWA 63.9 0 ● Niigata,NIIGATA 107.0 2 ■ Kanazawa,ISHIKAWA 160.6 2 ● 182.7 0 ● 6961575926 Fukui,FUKUI 2829292930 Shizuoka,SHIZUOKA 73.5 0 ■ Nagoya,AICⅡI 71.9 0 ● Kyoto,ⅩYOTO 71.1 0 ● Osaka,OSAEA 88.7 0 ■ ● 65.4 0 5633255260 Eobe,HYOGO 2929282929 Wakayama,WAKAYAMA 47.7 0 ● Tottori,TOTTORI 193.2 4 ● Okayama,OKAYAMA 73.9 0 ● Hiroshima,HIROSHIMA 53.7 0 ● ● 83310308 Eoehi,EOCHI 2 9 6 7 ● 4 0 Fukuoka,FUKUOKA 2 9 6 2 ● 1 1 ● ● Nagasaki,NAGASAE.I 2 9 5 7 ● 0 1 Kagoshima,KAGOSHIMA 3 0 9 7 ● 7 1 ● MarcI11964 2 ● 7 6 Sapporo,HOKKAIDO 3131292231 13.4 Aomori,AOMORI 281.0 3 ● 3 1 Sendai,MIYAGI 53.0 1 ● 1 0 Akita,AKITA 109.3 2 ● 7 0 Mito,IBARAGI 76.0 0 ● 9 2 00 57.3 0 ● 8 Kumagaya,SAITAMA 2931303130 Tokyo 99.7 0 ● 4 ▲4一6 Yokohama,KANAGAWA 127.8 2 ● 1 Niigata,NIIGATA 98.8 2 ● 1 2 qU Kanazawa,ISHIKAWA 131.6 ● 4 5 3 ● 4 9 Fukui,FUKUI 333131 143.1 Shizuoka,SHIZロOEA 124.5 1 ● 7 3 Nagoya,AICHI 114.2 1 ● 8 6 Table2showsthemonthlyvaluesofstrontium- by the 24 90 and cesium-137 averaged stations duringtheperiodMay1963toMarch1964･Table 3andFigurelshowsthetotalamountofstrontium- 90andcesium-137deposits duringtheperiodJuly 1963to Marcb1964. Table4shows the ratio of strontium-89to strontium-90andcesium-137tostrontium-90during theperiodDecember1963toMarch1964･ l甜 90sr137cs Fukui sC Figurel.9uSr and137CsinDeposits Table2.MonthlyMeanValuesof24Stations -May63to Number of Stぎ Stations Pre悪評On S豊プ㌫90 May63 252.7 4.14 Table3･TotalAmountof研Srand137Cs -Ju163to Mar64 Strontium-90 Cesium-137 Station Station Stronl (mc/km2) (mc/km2) (me Sapporo 15.32 27.58 Eyoto 8 Aomori 13.53 11.70 Osaka 4 Sendai 8.23 16.31 Eobe 5 Akita 20.25 24.30 Wakayama 4 Mito 9.38 14.13 Tottol･i 1 7 Enmagaya 9.35 16.13 Okayama 5 Tokyo 7.98 12.66 Hiroshima 6 Yokobama 11.48 15.81 Eoehi 1 1 Niigata 18.02 24.27 Fukuoka 7 Xanazawa 19.34 26.93 Nagasaki 9 Fukui 17.91 24.87 Xagosbima 8 Sbizuoka 9.88 13.84 Nagoya 7.74 13●42 Table4･Ratioof89Srto90Srand13TCsto9OSr(overO･5mc/km2)inDeposits S9Sr/90Sr Station Dee63 Jan64 万一eb D e e 6 3 J a n 6 4 Sapporo 0･40･41･Ol･1-■0･40･80･51･2 l･70･9一1･6一一一一1･51･2 0･80･62･11･5一一1･92･30･31･0 l･54･5■0･9-二■l･00･7 一一一〇･50･3 Aomori 0･30･7一二一㌫0･90･5一一〇･50･9一〇･3一 Sendai Akita Mito XⅦmagaya Tokyo 二〇･30･50･2 Yokobama Niigata Xanazawa FukⅥi 0･8--1･1一 1･20･31･20･9一 Shizuoka 0･60･30･2㍍ 1･5一一㌍一一 1･11･52･5㌍一一 Nagoya Xyoto Osaka Xobe 0･30･4 Wakayama GeographicalData Strontium-90and Cesium-137in Soil SinceJune1963,StrOntium-90andcesium-137 Public Health,and Sciences.The sam contentin soilhas been analyzed at4institutes, NationalInstitute RadiologicalSciences outby prefectural -the of (shownin PartI),Japan AnalyticalChemistry sent to theseinstit一 ResearchInstitute(showninPartII),Instituteof PartI(肋如彿αZ九β招≠£βげ加d宜oZog宜cαZぶc励cββ) The NationalInstituteof RadiologicalSciences for severalyears. from7pre一 dusts be blow ischarged with analysIS Of samples could fectures-Hokkaido,Niigata,Tokyo,Shizuoka, could 負owin,Wer Aichi,OsakaandFukuoka,inaresearcheぼortto from2spots,1-21Ⅵ from was to ma determine the removalrate of radionuclides mixed various soils to rivers. collected consisted 5cmin depth.Sal Two types of soilsamples were collected at Figure2. eachprefecture･Onewassoilfrom=grassland‖, The grass and andtheotherfrom=grasslesslandり･Thesampling by a scree sites chosenwereflat anduncultivatedforatleast removed Table5.90Sr and137Csin Soil -Jun63` By M.Saiki,H.Kamada a (Ⅳαf宜0耽αヱ九gf肋Ifβげ｣ Location Type(m温2)(m:温2) Loeation Juれe1963 November1963 0saka,OSAXA green 19 61 Sapporo,HOXX｣ Hirakata,OSAEA bare 29 22 July1963 Sbimizu,SHIZロ and cesiumin the treated soilsamples were ex- tracted with hydrochloric acid.The solution was analyzed for strontium-90and cesium-137content using the method recommended by theScienceand Technology Agency. Results obtained during the periodJune to December1963are shownin Table 5. ｡♂ 0 100 Figure2.Sampling Location of Soil(PartIandII) PartII(ゐpα彿A≠α如宜¢α£Cんβ刑ぬfγy屈βββαγC九∫朋舌宜吉保まβ) TheJapan AnalyticalChemistry Research Sampling procedures l■ ■■ ■■ ● ● 1l l ■l ･t Soil Table6.90Sr and13TCsin -Jun63to M By T.Asari,Aq.Chiba and M.妻 (Jdp∽Aヶlα柳宜cα～C九βmぬ舌γy Dr Location Type (mc/km2)(mc/km2) weightkg June1963 ∩り ● Sapporo,HOEEAIDO b areree｡arereesare 3 1 6 7 Xumagaya,SAITAMA g 1 8 3 8 6 ● 0 b 7 9 5 ● 5 ウリ Hamamat8u,SHIZUOKA g 1 3 2 5 ■ 2 b 1 3 3 1 6 ● 9 Sawara,FUKUOEA b 1 7 3 3 7 ● 3 July1963 Sapporo,HOKEAIDO green 8712131616 201621303424 1 0 ● 7 // // bare 1 4 ● 0 Hamamatsu,SHIZUOXA green 5 ● 1 // // bare 7 ● 8 0U Eobe,HYOGO green 6 ● // // bare 1 0 ● 6 Augu如1963 Kumagaya,SAITAMA green 2 8 502675528145 5 ● 9 // // bare 8 8 ● 3 Nagaoka,NIIGATA green 4 7 7 ● 5 bare 1 9 1 4 ● 0 Murakami,NIIGATA green 4 3 7 ● 9 // // bare 2 5 8 ● 9 November1963 Sapporo,HOXEAIDO green 2 5 5 4 1 3 ● 6 bare 1 5 3 0 1 4 ● 1 Akasbi,HYOGO green 1 5 3 1 5 ● 9 // // bare 8 13 6 8 ● 3 De(:ember1963 Kumagaya,SAITAMA green 2 7 5 4 6 ● 4 // // bare 1 5 5 2 8 ● 3 Nagaoka,NIIGATA green 3 4 7 4 6 ● 8 // // baI･e 3 4 7 5 14 ■ 7 Hamamatsu,SHIZUOKA green 5 0 5 6 7 ● 1 // // bare 2 2 2 1 8 ● 4 Sawara,FロⅩロOEA green 2 1 4 2 8 ● 6 // // bare 1 1 1 7 7 ● 0 February1964 q∂ Eumagaya,SAITAMA green 2 3 4 5 ● 6 // // bare 1 6 2 1 6 ● 2 ウ】 Hamamatslユ,SHIZUOKA green 6 4 4 8 ● 9 // // bare 2 9 5 2 9 一 8 Water Data Strontium-90and Cesium-137illCity Water SinceDecember1961,theNationalInstituteof transfered to theJaI RadiologicalScienceshasanalyzedthestrontium-90 ResearchInstitute(Par andCesium-137contentin citywater･=owever, treatmentforconcentra in April1963,a majar portionofthisworkwas by24prefecturalpublic PartI(Ⅳ元日0雅αg血βf加£βげ忍αdわZog宜¢α‡ぶ¢宜β彿¢β8) At present,the NationalInstitute of Radio- InstituteofRadiological; logicalSciencesisin charge of the analysis of Public healthlaborator3 StrOntium-90andcesium-137contentincitywater i11ustratedin Figure4, SamPlesfromTokyo,NiigataandOsakaprefectures, Cation.Ateachprefectu to compare the amount ofradionuclidesin=source alOOliter water sampll =treated from Water= and water= collected the COlumn at the rate ofl: Same Water SupPly system.
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    Computers in Railways XII 111 How the punctuality of the Shinkansen has been achieved N. Tomii Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan Abstract The high speed railway line in Japan began operation in 1964. The high speed railway is called the Shinkansen and is known for its safety and reliability. In addition, the Shinkansen is well known for punctuality. As a matter of fact, the average delay of trains is less than one minutes every year. The Shinkansen runs along dedicated lines, which seem to be advantageous in keeping punctuality. However, there are lots of disadvantages as well. For example, although traffic is very dense, resources are not abundant. In some Shinkansen lines, trains go directly through conventional railway lines and the Shinkansen is easily influenced by the disruption of those lines. Punctuality of the Shinkansen is supported by hardware, software and humanware. In this paper, we first introduce a brief history of the Shinkansen and then focus on humanware, which makes the punctuality possible. Keywords: high speed trains, punctuality, rescheduling, Shinkansen. 1 Introduction In 1964, a high speed railway line opened in Japan. The new line connects Tokyo, the capitol, and Osaka, the second largest city located 600 km away. The maximum speed of trains was 210km/h, which was almost twice that of other trains in those days and the travelling time between these two cities was halved to only three hours and ten minutes. The new high-speed line was called the Shinkansen and it had a great impact not only on railways in Japan, but also on railways worldwide.
  • Tohoku・Yamagata・Akita・Hokkaido Shinkansen Timetable for Sendai・Hokkaido ・Yamagata・Akita

    Tohoku・Yamagata・Akita・Hokkaido Shinkansen Timetable for Sendai・Hokkaido ・Yamagata・Akita

    Tohoku・Yamagata・Akita・Hokkaido Shinkansen Timetable For Sendai・Hokkaido ・Yamagata・Akita Hayate Hayate Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Tsubasa Yamabiko Yamabiko Tsubasa Yamabiko Yamabiko Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Hayabusa Yamabiko Tsubasa Nasuno Hayabusa Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Yamabiko Hayabusa Yamabiko Tsubasa 91 93 95 95 97 171 291 51 121 293 201 1 1 203 3 123 123 251 101 5 5 125 205 103 127 127 Tokyo dep 6:04 6:12 6:20 6:32 6:40 7:00 7:08 7:12 7:16 7:32 7:40 7:44 7:56 8:08 Ueno dep 6:10 6:18 6:26 6:38 6:46 7:06 7:14 7:18 7:22 7:38 7:46 7:50 8:02 8:14 Omiya dep 6:30 6:38 6:46 6:58 7:06 7:26 7:34 7:38 7:42 7:58 8:06 8:10 8:22 8:34 Oyama dep レ レ 7:03 レ 7:23 レ レ 7:58 レ レ レ 8:27 レ レ Utsunomiya dep 6:54 7:02 7:19 レ 7:37 レ 8:03 8:09 レ レ 8:30 8:44 レ 9:05 Nasushiobara dep 6:31 レ レ 7:33 レ 7:54 レ レ 8:23 レ レ レ 9:01 レ レ Shin-Shirakawa dep 6:42 レ レ 7:44 レ 8:08 レ レ レ レ レ 9:11 レ レ Koriyama dep 6:54 7:25 7:31 7:41 7:57 レ 8:24 レ 8:31 レ レ 8:58 9:26 レ 9:33 Fukushima arr 7:07 7:38 7:44 7:54 8:10 レ 8:37 レ 8:44 ┓decoupling レ レ 9:11 9:39 レ 9:46 ┓decoupling Fukushima dep || || 7:48 || || || || || || 8:48 || || || || || || 9:49 Yonezawa dep || || 8:20 || || || || || || 9:26 || || || || || || 10:25 Takahata dep || || 8:30 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:37 Akayu dep || || 8:35 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:42 Kaminoyama-Onsen dep || || 8:48 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:55 Yamagata arr || || 8:57 || || || || || || 10:06 || || || || || || 11:04 Yamagata dep 7:01 || || 8:59 || || || || || || 10:08 || || || || || || Tendo dep 7:10 ||
  • FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment

    FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment

    FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment March 2019 Ministry of the Environment Contents Outline .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1) Radioactive cesium ................................................................................................................... 6 (2) Radionuclides other than radioactive cesium .......................................................................... 6 Part 1: National Radioactive Material Monitoring Water Environments throughout Japan (FY2017) ....... 10 1 Objective and Details ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Objective .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Details ...................................................................................................................................... 10 (1) Monitoring locations ............................................................................................................... 10 1) Public water areas ................................................................................................................ 10 2) Groundwater ......................................................................................................................... 10 (2) Targets ....................................................................................................................................
  • Decreased 16:0/20:4-Phosphatidylinositol Level

    Decreased 16:0/20:4-Phosphatidylinositol Level

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol level in the post-mortem prefrontal Received: 24 October 2016 Accepted: 17 February 2017 cortex of elderly patients with Published: 23 March 2017 schizophrenia Junya Matsumoto1, Hiroki Nakanishi2,3, Yasuto Kunii1,4, Yuki Sugiura5, Dai Yuki5, Akira Wada1,6, Mizuki Hino1, Shin-Ichi Niwa4, Takeshi Kondo5, Michihiko Waki5, Takahiro Hayasaka5, Noritaka Masaki5, Hiroyasu Akatsu7,8, Yoshio Hashizume7, Sakon Yamamoto7, Shinji Sato7,9, Takehiko Sasaki2,3,10, Mitsutoshi Setou5,11,12,13,14,15 & Hirooki Yabe1 The etiology of schizophrenia includes phospholipid abnormalities. Phospholipids are bioactive substances essential for brain function. To analyze differences in the quantity and types of phospholipids present in the brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, we performed a global analysis of phospholipids in multiple brain samples using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass/ mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We found significantly decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol (PI) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the brains from patients with schizophrenia in the LC-ESI/MS/MS, and that the 16:0/20:4-PI in grey matter was most prominently diminished according to the IMS experiments. Previous reports investigating PI pathology of schizophrenia did not identify differences in thesn -1 and sn-2 fatty acyl chains. This study is the first to clear the fatty acid composition of PI in brains from patients with schizophrenia. Alteration in the characteristic fatty acid composition of PI may also affect neuronal function, and could play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of Breach Characteristics and Equilibrium Scour Title Pattern for Overtopping Induced River Dyke Breach

    Analysis of Breach Characteristics and Equilibrium Scour Title Pattern for Overtopping Induced River Dyke Breach

    Analysis of Breach Characteristics and Equilibrium Scour Title Pattern for Overtopping Induced River Dyke Breach BHATTARAI, Pawan Kumar; NAKAGAWA, Hajime; Author(s) KAWAIKE, Kenji; ZHANG, Hao Citation 京都大学防災研究所年報. B (2015), 58(B): 386-401 Issue Date 2015-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/210054 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University 京都大学防災研究所年報 第 58 号 B 平成 27 年 6 月 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 58 B, 2015 Analysis of Breach Characteristics and Equilibrium Scour Pattern for Overtopping Induced River Dyke breach Pawan Kumar BHATTARAI(1), Hajime NAKAGAWA, Kenji KAWAIKE and Hao ZHANG(2) (1) Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University (2) Agriculture Unit, Natural Science Clusters, Kochi University Synopsis River dykes are important and effective measure to prevent floods.The main consequences on the flood risk due to construction of river embankments or dykes are that, firstly, it increases the flood hazard reducing the lateral flow storage area and hence the flow capacity of peak discharges attenuation and, secondly, the amount of potential damages induced by flooding is dramatically increased, being the surrounding areas often urbanized. Therefore, although the existence of dyke lowers the probability of flooding but the consequences to personal safety and property are much higher should a dyke overtop or fail. The dynamic lateral widening of the breach process, resulting flow and sediment hydrographs and the scour beneath or downstream of dyke are poorly understood in current studies. Therefore, this study conducted laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of river dyke breach due to overtopping flow with different sediment sizes.