Dictionary of Media Studies Specialist dictionaries Dictionary of Accounting 0 7475 6991 6 Dictionary of Aviation 0 7475 7219 4 Dictionary of Banking and Finance 0 7136 7739 2 Dictionary of Business 0 7475 6980 0 Dictionary of Computing 0 7475 6622 4 Dictionary of Economics 0 7475 6632 1 Dictionary of Environment and Ecology 0 7475 7201 1 Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management 0 7475 6623 2 Dictionary of ICT 0 7475 6990 8 Dictionary of Information and Library Management 0 7136 7591 8 Dictionary of Law 0 7475 6636 4 Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism 0 7475 7222 4 Dictionary of Marketing 0 7475 6621 6 Dictionary of Medical Terms 0 7136 7603 5 Dictionary of Military Terms 0 7475 7477 4 Dictionary of Nursing 0 7475 6634 8 Dictionary of Politics and Government 0 7475 7220 8 Dictionary of Science and Technology 0 7475 6620 8
Easier English™ titles Easier English Basic Dictionary 0 7475 6644 5 Easier English Basic Synonyms 0 7475 6979 7 Easier English Dictionary: Handy Pocket Edition 0 7475 6625 9 Easier English Intermediate Dictionary 0 7475 6989 4 Easier English Student Dictionary 0 7475 6624 0 English Thesaurus for Students 1 9016 5931 3
Check Your English Vocabulary workbooks Academic English 0 7475 6691 7 Business 0 7475 6626 7 Computing 1 9016 5928 3 Human Resources 0 7475 6997 5 Law 0 7136 7592 6 Leisure, Travel and Tourism 0 7475 6996 7 FCE + 0 7475 6981 9 IELTS 0 7136 7604 3 PET 0 7475 6627 5 TOEFL® 0 7475 6984 3 TOEIC 0 7136 7508 X
Visit our website for full details of all our books: www.acblack.com Dictionary of Media Studies
A & C Black ț London www.acblack.com
First published in Great Britain in 2006
A & C Black Publishers Ltd 38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
© A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2006
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the publishers
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0208-4
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Text Production and Proofreading Sandra Anderson, Heather Bateman, Emma Harris, Katy McAdam
A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp, harvested from managed sustainable forests.
Text typeset by A & C Black Printed in Italy by Legoprint Preface
This dictionary provides a basic vocabulary of terms used in the media and entertainment industries. It is ideal for all students of Media Studies and related subjects, as well as those working for the first time in jobs such as journalism, radio and television production and advertising.
Each headword is explained in clear, straightforward English and quotations from newspapers and specialist magazines show how the words are used in context. There are also supplements including an overview of media law, details of major national publications and a list of media resources on the Web.
Thanks are due to Andrea Esser for her help and advice during the production of this book. Pronunciation Guide
The following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the main words in the dictionary.
Stress is indicated by a main stress mark ( ) and a secondary stress mark ( ) . Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to its position in the sentence.
Vowels Consonants back b buck ɑ harm d dead ɒ stop ðother a type d jump aυ how f fare aə hire gold aυə hour h head ɔ course j yellow ɔ annoy k cab ehead l leave eə fair m mix e make n nil eυ go ŋ sing word p print i keep r rest i happy s save ə about ʃ shop fit t take ə near tʃ change u annual θ theft u pool v value υ book w work υə tour x loch ' shut measure z zone MediaStudies.fm Page 1 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
A
A abbreviation amp advertising agency, for example an adver- A&R / e ənd ɑ / noun the section of a tisement in a magazine or a stand at a record company that tries to find new acts, trade fair above-the-title ə bv ðə tat ə l works out contracts and copyright issues above-the-title / | ( ) / and generally protects their artists’ inter- adjective CINEMA relating to the credits ests. Full form Artists and Repertoire that appear before the title of a film, listing AB / e bi / noun the highest socio- the names of the starring actors, the direc- economic group, consisting of profes- tors and the producers abridge əbrd sionals with a high disposable income abridge / | / verb to make a text abbreviate əbri viet abbreviate / | / verb to make a shorter by reducing detail or cutting piece of text shorter sections out AB roll ABC abbreviation 1. Audit Bureau of AB roll / e bi rəυl/ noun a sequence Circulation 2. Australian Broad- of two video or music segments that are casting Corporation synchronised so that one fades as the AB deadline deadline / e bi dedlan/ abbre- second starts absolute cost viation advance booking deadline absolute cost / bsəlu t kɒst/ noun aberrant decoding berənt di the actual cost of placing an advertisement aberrant decoding / | | kəυdŋ/ noun an understanding of a in a magazine or other advertising media product by an audience which is medium not the one intended by its maker absolute time time /bsəlu t tam/ noun aberrant reading berənt ri dŋ aberrant reading / | / the length of time that an audio disc has noun an interpretation of a text which was been playing not the meaning which was intended when abstract data type data type / bstrkt detə the text was written tap/ noun a general data type that can aberration bəreʃ ə n aberration / | ( ) / noun store any kind of information Academy Award ə kdəmi əwɔ d distortion of a television picture caused by Academy Award / | | / a corrupt signal or incorrect adjustment noun an award that the Academy of abjection /bdekʃ(ə)n/ noun the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the condition of, for example, a minority United States gives to particularly group, that has been cast out or expelled outstanding actors and many other above-the-fold ə bv ðə fəυld workers in the film industry each year. above-the-fold /| / adjective 1. E-COMMERCE referring to the Also called Oscar acceleration factor ək seləreʃ ə n most valuable area of a webpage which acceleration factor / | | ( ) appears at the top of the screen so that the fktə/ noun the idea that increased effi- user does not have to scroll down to see it ciency in communication and transport 2. referring to the position of an important links speeds up the exchange of informa- story or photograph on the front page of a tion, which has an immediate impact on newspaper so that it is visible when the the media newspaper is folded accent /ksənt/ noun the way in which above-the-line advertising ə bv above-the-line advertising / | a language is pronounced, which is char- ðə lan dvətazŋ/ noun advertising acteristic of a whole region, social group for which commission is paid to the or other community MediaStudies.fm Page 2 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
access 2 access /kses/ noun the ability of the acid house house / sd haυs/ noun elec- public to question the actions and motives tronic disco music that was popular in the of major media companies. ı right of late 1980s, and is associated with the use reply of the drug ecstasy access controller kses kən acid jazz sd dz access controller / | acid jazz / / noun a mixture trəυlə/ noun an electronic device that of funk, jazz, and soul music that was transfers image data to a video controller developed in the 1980s accessed voices voices / ksesd vɔsz/ acid rock rock / sd rɒk/ noun a type of plural noun those people in a society who rock music that was popular in the late are given exposure by the media, for 1960s, with weird electronic instrumental example celebrities, politicians and effects suggestive of psychedelic experi- experts in various fields, whose views are ences ACORN not necessarily representative of the views ACORN /ekɔ n/ noun MARKETING a of society as a whole classification of residential areas into access head head /kses hed/ noun the categories, based on the type of people part of a disk drive that moves to a partic- who live in them, the type of houses, etc., ular part of the disk’s surface and reads much used in consumer research. Full information stored on the disk form a classification of residential access number number /kses nmbə/ neighbourhoods acoustic əku stk noun ONLINE the telephone number that a acoustic / | / adjective 1. refer- computer uses to establish a dial-up ring to sound 2. referring to a musical connection to an Internet service provider instrument or musical performance which or other network provider is not amplified accessory shoe əksesəri ʃu acoustic coupler ə ku stk kplə accessory shoe / | / noun acoustic coupler / | / PHOTOGRAPHY a bracket on a camera to noun a device that connects to a telephone which an accessory such as a flash unit handset, converting binary computer data may be fitted into sound signals to allow it to be trans- access panel panel /kses pn(ə)l/ noun mitted down a telephone line acoustic panel ə ku stk pn ə l a group of people that allows their televi- acoustic panel / | ( ) / sion watching habits to be monitored for noun a soundproof panel placed behind a research purposes. Also called panel device to reduce noise access provider kses prə vadə acoustic rock əku stk rɒk access provider / | / acoustic rock / | / noun noun same as Internet service provider rock music that is mainly played on access television television / kses instruments without electronic amplifica- telv(ə)n/ noun television which is tion acoustics əku stks free of state control and broadcast inde- acoustics / | / noun the study pendently, usually on a small budget and of sound and sound recording acquiescent kwies ə nt within a particular area acquiescent / | ( ) / noun in account əkaυnt account / | / noun an area of busi- advertising audience classifications, a ness such as design or publicity, that one person who has an easy-going attitude to company handles on behalf of another advertising and is more likely to be account director əkaυnt da rektə account director / | | / impressed by adverts which are funny, noun a person who works in an adver- clever or eye-catching. ı ambivalent, tising agency and who oversees various cynic, enthusiast acquisition kwzʃ ə n account managers who are each respon- acquisition / | ( ) / noun 1. sible for specific clients the accepting, capturing or collecting of account executive əkaυnt $ account executive /| | information 2. the act of or acquiring new zekjυtv/ noun an employee, especially customers for a company, brand or in an advertising or public relations product, one possible aim of an adver- company, who handles all of a client’s tising campaign. Compare retention business Acrobat /krəυbt/ Adobe account handler əkaυnt hndlə account handler / | /, Acrobat əkaυnt mndə action kʃən account manager / | / action / / interjection the noun a person who works in an adver- command a film director uses to tell actors tising agency, and who is responsible for a to begin acting as filming begins í noun, particular client adjective a genre of film featuring action MediaStudies.fm Page 3 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
3 adman
actuality ktʃulti sequences such as natural disasters, actuality / | / noun live or violence and acts of heroism recorded sound of an event on location as action code action code /kʃən kəυd/ noun one it actually happens ad of five codes used in the analysis of texts, ad /d/ abbreviation advertisement describing events in a narrative. ı enigma ADA abbreviation audio distribution code, referential code, semantic amplifier code, symbolic code adaptive control model ə dptv adaptive control model / | actioner kəntrəυl mɒd ə l actioner /kʃənə/ noun a film that | ( ) / noun a model for particularly features a large number of planning advertising expenditure which action sequences takes into account changes in consumer ActionMedia kʃənmi diə responses to advertising ActionMedia / | / a trade adaptor ədptə name for a digital video system developed adaptor /| / a device which by Intel that uses its i750 video processor converts a single plug socket into two, chip to allow a computer to record, play three or four sockets add back and manipulate digital video add /d/ noun additional material in the action replay kʃən ri ple form of new paragraphs which updates or action replay / / noun expands on an existing article the repeat of a brief part of a filmed event added value dd vlju such as a sports match, often in slow added value / / noun, motion adjective any extra promotion that a action shot publication can offer its advertisers, such action shot /kʃən ʃɒt/ noun a scene as press events, supplements or special with movement either in a film or on TV sections í noun extra promotional items active audience active audience / ktv ɔ diəns/ that are offered with publications as an noun the audience for a media product, enticement to buy, such as free gifts or seen not as accepting a product as it is offers addendum ədendəm presented to them, but as interpreting, addendum / | / noun an extra interacting with and using it for their own section of a book or magazine, such as an agenda. ı uses and gratifications appendix theory additive printing printing /dtv prntŋ/ active listening active listening / ktv ls(ə)nŋ/ noun PHOTOGRAPHY a printing process in noun the act of listening with the attitude which all other colours are produced by of wanting to understand the speaker’s mixing the three primary colours addressee dresi point of view, thinking that it is worth addressee / | / noun in human considering. Compare deliberative interaction, the person who is receiving a listening piece of communication or at whom it is active participation ktv pɑ ts aimed. Compare addresser active participation / | | addresser ədresə peʃ(ə)n/ the way in which media intru- addresser / | / noun in human sion can influence the stories which they interaction, the person who is trying to are supposed to be reporting impartially communicate with somebody. Compare active pixel region addressee active pixel region / ktv pks(ə)l ad impression d m preʃ ə n ad impression / | ( ) / ri dən/ noun an area of a computer noun the number of times an advertise- screen that can display graphic image ment is downloaded from a webpage and information assumed to have been seen by a potential active video active video / ktv vdiəυ/, active customer. Also called ad view video signal / ktv vdiəυ s$n(ə)l/ adjacency ədes ə nsi adjacency /| ( ) / noun a noun a part of a video signal that contains commercial which is run between two TV picture information programmes actor actor /ktə/ noun a person who acts in ad lib lib /d lb/ noun improvised speech plays, films or television í verb to improvise a speech
ACTT AdLib™ ACTT / e si ti ti / noun formerly, the AdLib™ /dlb/ noun a type of sound trade union representing workers in the card for a PC with basic sound playback film and television industries. Full form and MIDI functions Association of Cinematograph and adman /dmn/ noun a man whose Television Technicians. ı BECTU job is in advertising MediaStudies.fm Page 4 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
admass 4
admass dms advertisement panel əd admass / / noun MARKETING the advertisement panel /| part of society that advertising is aimed at v& tsmənt pn(ə)l/ noun a specially Adobe Acrobat ə dəυbi krəbt designed large advertising space in a Adobe Acrobat / | / a trade name for a piece of software that newspaper converts documents and formatted pages advertiser-financed programming program- into a file format that can be viewed on ming / dvətazə fannsd almost any computer platform or using a prəυ$rmŋ/ noun programmes whose web browser on the Internet making costs are paid by individual spon- adperson d p& sən sors, rather than out of a larger budget for adperson / | / noun a person whose job is in advertising all programmes paid for by advertising, a ADR licence fee or subscription. Abbreviation ADR abbreviation Automatic Dialogue AFP Replacement advertising ADR editor dvətazŋ e di ɑ edtə advertising / / noun the ADR editor / / noun in public promotion of something such as a film and television production, the crew product, service, business, or event in member who has responsibility for order to attract or increase interest in it dubbing re-recorded sound (ADR) onto COMMENT: Advertising is a multi-billion filmed pieces pound industry worldwide and adshel adshel /dʃel/ noun advertising space advertisers are forced to come up with that is often illuminated and holds large new and innovative ways of catching the posters in bus shelters public eye. Techniques range from adspeak conventional television and radio slots, adspeak /dspi k/ noun jargon used in inserts in magazines and newspapers, the advertising trade maildrops and posters to less usual methods such as promotional weblog ‘You obviously wouldn’t bring in Stone entries and e-mail spam, as well as to do a table-top (adspeak for static, product placement and subliminal studio-based commercial with endless advertising techniques. close-ups of food products).’ [Belinda advertising agency advertising agency /dvətazŋ Archer, The Guardian] edənsi/ noun a company which creates adspend adspend /dspend/ noun the amount advertising campaigns for products, from of money that is spent on advertising a the advertisement concept and storyboard particular product to its filming and production and finally adult-oriented rock adult-oriented rock / dlt its placement ɔ rientd rɒk/ noun classic rock music advertising appropriation appropriation dvətazŋ ə prəυprieʃ ə n which appeals to an older audience. / | ( ) / noun Abbreviation AOR money set aside by an organisation for its advance ədvɑ ns advertising advance / | / noun a statement advertising boycotts offered in advance to the media, giving advertising boycotts /dvətazŋ them time to cover it while it is still rele- bɔkɒts/ the practice of advertising vant news companies influencing media coverage by advance booking deadline əd threatening to take their business else- advance booking deadline / | vɑ ns bυkŋ dedlan/ noun the date by where unless the newspaper publishes a which an advertiser must book a particular particular story in their interests, or aban- media slot in order to guarantee the best dons one that they would prefer not to be rates and quality. Abbreviation AB dead- published advertising brief line advertising brief /dvətazŋ bri f/ advertise advertise /dvətaz/ verb to present noun basic objectives and instructions information to the public, such as infor- concerning an advertising campaign, mation about a product or service that is given by an advertiser to an advertising available agency advertising budget advertisement ədv& tsmənt advertising budget /dvətazŋ advertisement /| /, bdt advert /dv& t/ noun the public promo- / noun money planned for tion of a product or service, in forms such spending on advertising advertising campaign as posters, short television or radio broad- advertising campaign /dvətazŋ km pen casts and announcements in the press. | / noun a coordinated publicity Abbreviation ad or advertising drive to sell a product MediaStudies.fm Page 5 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
5 aesthetic
advertising control control /dvətazŋ advertising time time /dvətazŋ tam/ kən trəυl | / noun legislative and other noun the time on television or radio set measures to prevent abuses in advertising aside for advertising advertising department advertising department ‘Clear Channel said the results reflected dvətazŋ d pɑ tmənt / | / noun the its strategy of cutting advertising time department in a company that deals with on radio stations to improve its product.’ the company’s advertising [Aline van Duyn, The Financial Times] advertising expenditure advertising expenditure advertising weight dvətazŋ dvətazŋ k spendtʃə advertising weight / / | / noun the wet/ noun 1. the amount of advertising amount a company spends on its adver- given to a brand 2. the amount of adver- tising tising of all types used in a particular advertising hoarding advertising hoarding /dvətazŋ campaign hɔ dŋ/ noun a billboard or wooden advertorial dv& tɔ riəl advertorial / | / noun a surface onto which advertising posters are piece of text in a newspaper or magazine stuck advertising impression which is advertising a product or service advertising impression advice column ədvas kɒləm dvətazŋ m preʃ ə n advice column / | / noun / | ( ) / noun the total number of times that an advertisement of the section of a newspaper or magazine any type reaches a person, including where advice is given to readers who have sent in questions or problems duplications. Also called gross audi- ad view ence. Compare net audience ad view /d vju / noun same as ad advertising jingle jingle /dvətazŋ impression advocacy advertising dŋ$(ə)l/ noun a short and easily advocacy advertising /dvəkəsi remembered tune or song used to adver- dvətazŋ/ noun advertising by a busi- tise a product on television or the radio ness that expresses a particular point of advertising manager manager /dvətazŋ view on an issue advocacy journalism mndə/ noun the manager in charge advocacy journalism /dvəkəsi of advertising a company’s products d& n(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun a type of jour- advertising medium medium /dvətazŋ nalism which seems neutral, but which in mi diəm/ noun a type of advertisement fact presents the facts in a persuasive way such as a TV commercial towards one point of view adwoman advertising rates rates /dvətazŋ rets/ adwoman /dwυmən/ noun a woman noun the amount of money charged for whose job is in advertising advertising space in a newspaper or adver- AE abbreviation auto exposure tising time on TV aerial eəriəl advertising sales aerial / / noun a part of a radio or advertising sales /dvətazŋ television system, often in the form of a selz/ noun the work of selling adver- metallic rod or wire, that transmits or tising space in the media receives radio waves. An aerial is attached advertising space advertising space /dvətazŋ to a radio or TV to improve the reception. spes aerial advertising / noun any available ‘slot’ in a aerial advertising / eəriəl media product, for example part of a dvətazŋ/ noun advertising displayed newspaper page, 30 seconds of radio time, in the air from balloons or planes or in a banner on a webpage etc, which can be smoke designs sold to companies for placing an adver- aerial perspective eəriəl pə tisement aerial perspective / | advertising specialities spektv/ noun ART the technique of advertising specialities dvətazŋ speʃilətiz making objects appear more distant by / | / plural noun painting them less sharply and brightly special items given away as part of an aerial shot eəriəl ʃɒt advertising campaign, such as T-shirts, aerial shot / / noun a shot mugs or umbrellas taken from an extremely high angle, Advertising Standards Authority Standards Authority above the action. Also called bird’s-eye dvətazŋ stndədz ɔ θɒrəti view | / / noun aesthetic i sθetk the body which regulates marketing and aesthetic / | / noun beauty, form, advertising in non-broadcast media, to composition, as opposed to content make sure that it is ‘legal, decent, honest ‘…stylish sofas that compete with top and truthful’. Abbreviation ASA end Conran in terms both of finger-on- MediaStudies.fm Page 6 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
aesthetics 6
AFTRA the-pulse aesthetic and price…’ AFTRA /ftrə/ abbreviation BROAD- [Victoria Stanley, The Sunday Times] CAST American Federation of Televi- COMMENT: The adjective aesthetic sion and Radio Artists means ‘pleasing to the eye, exciting or agate line line /$ət lan/ noun a measure arousing the senses’, and refers to the guiding principles by which we judge that of publishing space on a page, for something is beautiful or striking. example in classified advertising, one aesthetics i sθetks column that is 1.8mm deep aesthetics / | / noun the study, ageism edz ə m pursuit and evaluation of beauty ageism / ( ) / noun the high- aesthetic theory i sθetk θəri lighting of differences between older and aesthetic theory / | / younger people, especially when this noun a philosophical discipline in which leads to discrimination or prejudice art and media texts and products are eval- uated in terms of their aesthetic qualities ‘The IT sector has a youthful image… AF however, the sector has a reputation for AF abbreviation 1. PHOTOGRAPHY auto- ageism and is often perceived as dealing focus 2. average frequency unkindly or unfairly with older affective behaviour əfektv b affective behaviour /| | workers.’ [Peter Skyte, Computer hevjə/ noun the category of human Weekly magazine] behaviour associated with feeling, agency /edənsi/ noun 1. an organisa- believing and holding attitudes. Compare tion, especially a company, that performs cognitive behaviour a particular type of service for its clients affiliate əfliet affiliate / | / noun a local TV 2. the fact or condition of doing some- station which is part of a national network thing, of being active affiliate marketing əfliət agency commission edənsi kə affiliate marketing /| agency commission / | mɑ ktŋ/ noun the practice of mʃ(ə)n/ noun the fee charged by an marketing products for companies that advertising agency for its services pay to have their goods or services adver- agency mark-up mark-up / edənsi mɑ k tised on a centralised website p/ noun an amount of money added by affiliate partner əfliət pɑ tnə affiliate partner /| / an advertising agency to purchases, which noun a company that puts advertising forms parts of the agency’s commission onto its website for other companies, who agency roster roster /edənsi rɒstə/ noun pay for this service a group of different advertising agencies affiliate programme əfliət affiliate programme /| all which work for a large company prəυ$rm agenda ədendə / noun a form of advertising agenda / | / noun 1. a list of on the Internet, in which a business items to be dealt with by somebody, persuades other businesses to put banners according to priority 2. the idea of a list of and buttons advertising its products or items, such as news items or issues, that services on their websites and pays them a should be considered important commission on any purchases made by agenda-setting ədendə setŋ agenda-setting /| / their customers noun the power of the media to decide affordable method əfɔ dəb ə l affordable method /| ( ) which issues are covered and to define the meθəd/ noun a method of budgeting how way in which they are covered, their order much can be spent on marketing and of importance and so on promotion, which is based on what you ‘The paper continues to build on its can afford, rather than what you want to reputation for breaking agenda-setting achieve stories, not least the exclusive revelation AFM AFM abbreviation assistant floor of the ministerial rule breach that led to manager the resignation of David Blunkett.’ AFP AFP abbreviation advertiser-financed [The Independent on Sunday] programming COMMENT: McCombs and Shaw describe Afropop frəυpɒp agenda-setting as a process of allowing Afropop / / noun contempo- the public to decide what is important, rary music from Africa and African from a finite list of issues which the media communities elsewhere in the world have told them are worth thinking about. afterpiece afterpiece /ɑ ftəpi s/ noun a short agent /edənt/ noun 1. somebody who dramatic entertainment, usually comic, officially represents somebody else in that follows the performance of a play business, especially in arranging work in MediaStudies.fm Page 7 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
7 alienation effect entertainment 2. the means by which an picture which he or she might associate effect or result is produced 3. a computer with it. Compare unprompted recall program that works automatically on aid-to-trade / ed tə tred/ noun a routine tasks such as sorting e-mail or service, such as banking or advertising, gathering information that supports trade age profile age profile /ed prəυfal/ noun the air /eə/ verb to broadcast a radio or tele- audience a particular media product is vision programme or to be broadcast targeted at, defined by age group, such as AIR abbreviation Average Issue Read- teenagers or over-60s aggregator ership aggregator /$r$etə/ noun a airbrush eə brʃ airbrush / | / noun 1. ART a website which collects syndicated news device that uses compressed air to force a from other websites, often using RSS fine spray of paint onto a surface 2. a tool technology agit-prop dt prɒp in graphics and design software which agit-prop / / noun the prac- allows flaws to be removed from images tice of using the media to distribute prop- í verb to modify pictures in order to aganda remove flaws etc using a computer agony aunt agony aunt /$əni ɑ nt/ noun a airbrush tool woman who gives personal advice to airdate /eədet/ noun the date of a radio readers, viewers or listeners, in a news- or television broadcast paper or magazine, or on a radio or televi- airing eərŋ sion programme airing / / noun the occasion of a agony column radio or television broadcast $əni kɒləm airplay agony column / / noun eəple 1. the section of a newspaper or magazine airplay / / noun an occasion when where advice is given to readers who have a recording of music is broadcast on the written in about their personal problems radio, or the number of times a recording is broadcast on the radio 2. a newspaper column containing air time personal messages and advertisements, air time /eə tam/, airtime noun 1. the usually relating to missing relatives or amount of time given to a programme or friends subject in radio or television broadcasting agony uncle uncle /$əni ŋk(ə)l/ noun a 2. the time at which an item is scheduled to be broadcast man who gives personal advice to readers, airwaves viewers or listeners, in a newspaper or airwaves /eəwevz/ plural noun the magazine, or on a radio or television radio waves used in broadcasting, often programme used to refer to radio and television broad- agora /$ərə/ noun a marketplace on casting in general A law the Internet A law /e lɔ / noun a method of agreed doorstep ə $ri d dɔ step encoding digital audio data so that an 8-bit agreed doorstep / | / noun an interview which appears to be a data word can contain a 13-bit audio doorstep, but which has been agreed to sample album beforehand by the interviewee. ı door- album /lbəm/ noun 1. a recording of step music that is issued and marketed as a Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual onProperty Rights Trade-Related single product 2. the sleeves for several Aspects of Intellectual Property gramophone records, bound together like Rights noun full form of TRIPS agree- a book ALC ment ALC abbreviation automatic level AI abbreviation Audience Apprecia- control Aldis lamp tion Index Aldis lamp /lds lmp/ noun a port- AIDA model model /edə mɒd(ə)l/ noun a able lamp used to flash messages in Morse model for what should be provoked by an code advertisement for a product in its prelimi- Alexandra Palace Palace / leksɑ ndrə nary stages, that is: Awareness, Interest, pləs/ noun the studios from which the Desire and Action United Kingdom first broadcast television aided recall recall / edd ri kɔ l/ noun an in 1936, remaining in use until 1955 alienation effect eliəneʃ ə n advertising research test to see how well alienation effect / | ( ) | someone remembers an advertisement by fekt/ noun in Marxist theory, the practice giving the respondent some help such as a of using alienating techniques such as MediaStudies.fm Page 8 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
alignment 8 unsettling and unnatural lighting effects, system, used in case of a fault or break- or music to force an audience to develop a down critical attitude to what they are seeing alternative comedy ɔ l t& nətv alternative comedy / | alignment əlanmənt kɒmədi alignment / | / noun the posi- / noun the presentation of tioning of text and headlines within comedy material that is deliberately columns on a page different in style and subject matter from Al-Jazeera l dəzərə mainstream comedy Al-Jazeera / | / noun a satellite TV channel that is based in Qatar ‘I have infinite respect for Eric and broadcasts in Arabic Morecambe. He exuded comedy, but he was also such an innovator. He was COMMENT: Al-Jazeera came to public notice with coverage of Taliban- deconstructing humour way before controlled areas in Afghanistan and has alternative comedy came along.’ long been the subject of international [Simon Pegg, interview by Robert controversy because of its willingness to Colville, The Daily Telegraph] broadcast such footage as the interview alternative media ɔ l t& nətv with Osama Bin Laden which defended alternative media /| the September 11th attacks on New York mi diə/ plural noun 1. media forms such City. Many claim that this supports the as pamphlets and graffiti, which are not views of terrorists and helps spread their mainstream, and which challenge tradi- message to a wider audience, but the 2. network says that such footage is news tional controls over what is made public and should be broadcast uncensored. any media form which is used to transmit
all-age personals non-mainstream messages or is subject to ɔ l ed all-age personals / more liberal controls, regulations over p& sən ə lz ( ) / plural noun advertisements content etc placed with Internet dating agencies by COMMENT: Alternative media is often people of all ages who are looking for a cited as a method of avoiding the romantic relationship dangers of mainstream news allegory /lə$(ə)ri/ noun a story that is presentation, which is subject to outside allegory pressures and bias. However, the quality a metaphor for another situation, often of reporting is often less reliable due to a carrying a moral message lack of strong financial backing. alliteration alternative press ə| ltə|reʃ ə n ɔ l t& nətv pres alliteration / ( ) / noun a alternative press / | / poetic or literary effect achieved by using noun non-mainstream news publications several words that begin with the same or such as those with radical political stand- similar consonants. Compare assonance points or a narrow focus, usually with a allness attitude allness attitude /ɑ lnəs ttju d/ small circulation noun the attitude that it is possible to alt rock rock /ɔ lt rɒk/ noun rock music that know everything there is to know about a is considered alternative because it is not person or issue. This shapes perceptions by well-known performers or promoted and therefore makes communication more by large record companies difficult. always on on / ɔ lwez ɒn/ adjective 1. Alpha Alpha /lfə/ noun COMMUNICATION an referring to a feature of high-speed broad- internationally recognised code word for band communications devices such as the letter A, used in radio communications cable modems and ADSL that link a
alt alt /ɔ lt/ noun a type of newsgroup on the computer to the Internet so that the Internet that contains discussions about computer appears to be permanently alternative subjects connected and there is no need to dial up alterity a special number 2. describes a home or ɔ lterti alterity / | / noun in the theories business with several computers and of structuralism and discourse, the state in mobile phones, in which Internet access is which a person recognises that he or she is not restricted to specific times uniquely different from other people am , AM abbreviation RADIO amplitude alternate media am ɔ l t& nət mi diə alternate media / | / modulation plural noun forms of advertising such as ambient advertising advertising / mbiənt TV commercials or magazine inserts, dvətazŋ/ noun advertising such as which are not direct mailing posters on the side of a bus or in a public alternate route ɔ l t& nət ru t alternate route / | / noun toilet, to which people are exposed during a backup path in a communications their everyday activities MediaStudies.fm Page 9 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
9 anarchist cinema
ambient media media / mbiənt mi diə/ device that increases the magnitude of a plural noun advertising media outdoors, signal, voltage or current such as posters and advertisements on the amplify /mplfa/ verb 1. to become sides of buses louder, or make a sound become louder, ambient noise noise / mbiənt nɔz/ noun by electronic or other means 2. to increase background noise such as traffic noise or the magnitude of a signal using an ampli- birdsong fier, or undergo such an increase amplitude ambisonics mbisɒnks amplitude /mpltju d/ noun a meas- ambisonics / | / noun the technique of using several separate chan- urement of radio waves, describing the nels to record and then reproduce sounds distance of the waves upwards or down- so that they seem to completely surround wards from the centre point. ı frequency, the listener. ı surround sound wavelength amplitude modulation ambivalent mbvələnt amplitude modulation /mpltju d ambivalent / | / noun in mɒdjuleʃ ə n advertising audience classifications, a ( ) / noun a method of trans- person who is neither interested in nor mitting audio or visual information using opposed to advertising, but passively radio waves, where the frequency remains accepts its influence. ı acquiescent, constant but the amplitude varies cynic, enthusiast according to the input signal. Abbrevia- ambush interview tion am, AM. Compare frequency ambush interview /mbυʃ ntəvju modulation / noun a line of questioning that anaglyph nə$lf surprises an interviewee, perhaps by intro- anaglyph / / noun PHOTOG- ducing a topic which was known to be RAPHY the visual effect created by super- unwelcome or contentious imposing two images of the same object, American dream ə merkən dri m taken from slightly different angles and American dream / | / each of a different colour, often red and noun the belief that anybody can succeed green. The image appears three-dimen- in America, regardless of their social sional when viewed through spectacles background with one red and one green lens. American Federation of Television and Radio Artists American Federation of Televi- analogue /n(ə)lɒ$/ noun, adjective a ə merkən sion and Radio Artists / | form of transmission in which a signal is fedəreʃ ə n əv telv ə n ən ( ) ( ) sent in one continuously-varying stream. rediəυ / noun a trade union in the USA Compare digital representing more than 70,000 artists, analogue channel channel /n(ə)lɒ$ performers, actors and broadcast journal- tʃn(ə)l/ noun a communications line ists. Abbreviation AFTRA Americanisation that carries analogue signals such as ə merkəna Americanisation /| | speech zeʃ ə n analogue line ( ) / noun the process of globalisa- analogue line /n(ə)lɒ$ lan/ noun a tion by which American cultural forms communications line such as a telephone become more widespread and eventually line, that carries analogue signals supplant others analogue recording n ə lɒ$ r American Sign Language ə analogue recording / ( ) | American Sign Language /| kɔ dŋ/ noun non-digital recording using merkən san lŋ$wd / noun a magnetic tape dialect of sign language used primarily in analytic editing editing / nəltk edtŋ/ the US. Abbreviation ASL America Online noun a type of editing in which a ə merkə ɒnlan America Online / | | / sequence of images is constructed to noun a company that is the largest Internet follow an argument, rather than to explain service provider in the world. Abbrevia- a narrative tion AOL anamorphic nəmɔ fk anamorphic / | / adjective a amp amp /mp/ noun a measure of current picture which is anamorphic has been flow. Abbreviation A stretched or distorted by changing the ampersand /mpəsnd/ noun a aspect ratio inefficiently anamorphic lens nəmɔ fk lenz symbol (&) that means ‘and’ anamorphic lens / | / amplifier /mplfaə/ noun 1. a device noun a lens which distorts the image in a that makes sounds louder, especially one particular way which increases the sound level of anarchist cinema cinema / nəkst snmə/ musical instruments 2. an electronic noun a type of film-making which juxta- MediaStudies.fm Page 10 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
anchor 10
animate poses images to express the view that life animate /nmet/ verb to make a is unfair and unequal series of drawings which, when filmed, anchor anchor /ŋkə/ verb to present a news will create moving images. ı animation í noun animatic nmtk programme a presenter who reads animatic / | / noun same as the news and introduces news reports and storyboard interviews from reporters located outside animation nmeʃ ə n animation / | ( ) / noun a the studio. Also called anchorperson anchorage moving image created from still objects anchorage /ŋkərd/ noun the such as drawings or models that are ability of a piece of accompanying text or exposed on film for a few frames at a time, sound to focus the message of an image so then moved slightly. The process is then that it is interpreted in the way that was repeated many times until an entire intended sequence has been completed. anchorman /ŋkəmn/ noun a man animation cell nmeʃ ə n sel anchorman animation cell / | ( ) / who presents a news programme noun a single picture or part of a picture anchorperson ŋkə p& sən anchorperson / | / noun on a transparent sheet which can be over- same as anchor laid with other sheets and backgrounds, anchorwoman ŋkə wυmən used to create animations anchorwoman / | / noun animator a woman who presents a news programme animator /nmetə/ noun a person ancillary-to-trade n sləri tə who is involved in making animated films ancillary-to-trade /| animatronics nmətrɒnks tred/ noun a service such as banking or animatronics / | / plural advertising, which supports trade noun puppets, models and prosthetics Andersch, Staats and Bostrom’s model of communicationStaats 1969 and Bostrom’s which are controlled electronically or model of communication 1969 mechanically to create movement anime / nd& ʃ stts ənd bɒstrəm/ noun a anime /nme/ noun manga anima- model which stresses the transactional tion. ı manga annals nature of any communication, in which annals /n(ə)lz/ plural noun the meanings are constructed and interpreted records that are published of events and by both the sender and the receiver and are developments in a particular field also subject to outside influences Annan Commission Report on Broadcasting 1977 androcentric Annan Commission Report on ndrəυsentrk androcentric / | / Broadcasting 1977 noun a report on adjective referring first to men and male the future of the broadcasting industry, perspectives which made recommendations for ‘Rich also commends the emerging field reforms for when the licences of various of Women’s Studies for offering a media companies expired in 1979. A "woman-directed education" that change of government from Labour to transforms curricula and develops Conservative led to most of the recom- critical thinking about androcentric mendations, such as the setting up of new, scholarship and society.’ [NWSA independent authorities, being rejected. journal] announce ənaυns announce / | / verb 1. to read the androgyny ndrɒdni androgyny / | / noun in news headlines or introduce programmes feminism, the theoretical condition of on the television or radio 2. to present being both male and female something such as a television or radio
anecdote anecdote /nkdəυt/ noun a small show announcement ənaυnsmənt personal story which helps to illustrate announcement / | / noun and stir up human interest in a more a formal notice, making public the news general issue of a birth, wedding, or other event anechoic chamber nekəυk announcer ənaυnsə anechoic chamber / announcer / | / noun a person tʃembə/ noun a perfectly quiet room in who reads news headlines or gives which sound or radio waves do not reflect programme information on the television off the walls or radio
angle annual angle /ŋ$əl/ noun the main point of annual /njuəl/ noun a book or maga- focus when covering a story, usually zine, especially one for children, that is stressed in the headline or introducing published every year and focuses on a paragraph. Also called hook particular subject or area of interest MediaStudies.fm Page 11 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
11 aperture
anomie nəmi antifeminist ntifemnst anomie / / noun the state in antifeminist / | / adjec- which there are either insufficient social tive referring to the conscious rejection of norms governing behaviour in a particular feminist principles í noun a person who society or for a particular individual or far is hostile to feminist principles too many, which is therefore confusing. antihero /ntihərəυ/ noun the central This state is blamed for social breakdown character in a story who is not a tradition- and general malaise, and is believed by ally brave or good hero some to make people more susceptible to anti-language anti-language /nti lŋ$wd/ the effects of mass media. anonym noun a new dialectal form of a language anonym /nənm/ noun a publication which has been developed and designed to by an unnamed or unknown author exclude outsiders from a group answer ɑ nsə anti-realism answer / / verb to reply to a signal anti-realism / nti rəlz(ə)m/ noun a and set up a communications link method of presenting narrative in a film or answer/originate ɑ nsə ərdnet answer/originate / | novel in which no attempt is made to d vas | /, answer/originate device noun represent a realistic situation a communications device such as a ‘In the new novel, Rooke seems to have modem, that can receive or send data outdone himself in wild, complex anti- answerprint /ɑ nsəprnt/ noun the realism. The narrative is steeped in first print of a filmed piece for show, parody, caricature… surrealism and which is sent from the laboratory and general comic bumptiousness.’ [The checked for final changes Toronto Star] antenna antisexist n| tenə ntiseksst antenna / / noun same as aerial antisexist / | / adjective anthology nθɒlədi anthology / | / noun 1. a book GENDER ISSUES referring to somebody or that is made up of essays, stories or poems something that challenges all discrimina- by different writers 2. a collection of tion on the grounds of sex, most particu- works from different musicians or artists larly that against women anthropology nθrəpɒlədi Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 anthropology / | / noun Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Secu- the study of the human species, focusing rity Act 2001 noun an act of Parliament on its cultural, historical and social devel- that introduced the new offence of inciting opment. Compare sociology racial hatred using the media. Rules on COMMENT: The study of anthropology privacy were also relaxed, making draws together such diverse areas as personal information more freely avail- archaeology, biology, linguistics, able to the authorities when investigating psychology and many more, to create a crimes. It was introduced after the New conception of a society’s culture and its ‘sense of self’. York attacks of September 11th, 2001. anti-trust laws anti-aliasing anti-trust laws / nti trst lɔ z/ anti-aliasing / nti eliəsŋ/ noun a plural noun legislation designed to method of ‘smoothing’ digital picture or prevent large corporations forming a sound signals, by removing the parts of monopoly to the detriment of smaller the signal which are too high-frequency to enterprises, for example by price-fixing. be represented correctly on the available Companies found guilty of this practice technology and which may therefore can be fined up to 10% of their annual create interference ı anticlimax sales under EU law. price-fixing ntiklamks AOL anticlimax / | / noun a AOL abbreviation America Online sudden or disappointing change from the AOR serious to the trivial or from compelling to AOR abbreviation MUSIC adult-oriented dull rock AP anti-climax order order / nti klamks AP abbreviation 1. Associated Press ɔ də/ noun a method of arranging the 2. assistant producer apache silence ə ptʃi saləns arguments or main points in a narrative so apache silence /| / the most important point is presented first. noun the use of silence as a form of non- Compare climax order verbal communication in situations in antics /ntks/ noun the outrageous which words are difficult to find, such as behaviour required of an actor or when a person has been bereaved performer playing an exaggerated comic aperture /pətʃə/ noun the hole at the role centre of a lens which admits light, meas- MediaStudies.fm Page 12 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
aperture card 12 ured in f-stops. It may be increased or have watched, recorded as a score from 1 decreased in size to alter the exposure of to 10 aquatint the film. aquatint /kwətnt/ noun PRINTING a aperture card card /pətʃə kɑ d/ noun a technique of etching with acid on a copper piece of card that surrounds and supports plate in order to produce prints that microfilmed pages so that they can be resemble watercolours handled easily arbitrary /ɑ btrəri/ adjective referring aperture priority pətʃə pra ɒrti aperture priority / | / to something that is chosen or determined noun PHOTOGRAPHY an exposure system at random. Human language described as where the photographer decides on the arbitrary because the words or sounds that aperture of the lens and the appropriate denote objects do not reflect their features shutter speed is set automatically by the in any meaningful way, but have been camera chosen as a name for convenience. apocryphal əpɒkrəf ə l Onomatopoeic words such as ‘buzz’ are apocryphal /| ( ) / adjective referring to information or stories of false an exception to this. Compare represent- or doubtful origin ative arbitrary signifier signifier / ɑ btrəri ‘And though the story of the judge who s$nfaə said: "What are the Beatles?" appears to / noun in semiology, a sign or be apocryphal, there are plenty of other symbol which bears no direct relation to stories which back up the commonly the thing it signifies or refers to. Compare held view that judges live in a well- icon arc appointed cloud cuckoo land.’ [Jennifer arc /ɑ k/ noun a type of powerful light Selway, The Express] used for filming í verb to change the size apology əpɒlədi or shape of a picture using an aspect ratio apology / | / noun a written converter retraction of something which was printed ARC but has later been found to be inaccurate ARC abbreviation aspect ratio or to have caused offence converter archaeology aporia ɑ kiɒlədi pɔ riə archaeology / | / noun in aporia / | / noun in the theories of structuralism and discourse, a state in cultural theory, the study of ideas and which there is doubt or uncertainty about theories, their history and how they inter- relate how to proceed with an argument archive appeal əpi l archive /ɑ kav/ noun a store of old appeal / | / noun a short radio or tele- vision programme or a charity campaign material such as newspaper articles or asking for donations, usually for a partic- pieces of film that can be used again later if needed ular cause archive material appendix ɑ kav mə təriəl əpendks archive material / | / / | / noun extra mate- appendix noun film or footage which has been rial that appears at the end of a book or stored in an archive and can be reused at a document Apple later date p ə l archive site Apple / ( ) / a trade name for archive site /ɑ kav sat/ noun a computer technology company which has computer on the Internet that provides a developed, among other products, the vast collection of public-domain files and Apple Macintosh personal computer and programs copied from other computers the iPod around the Internet, that a user can down- Apple Macintosh Apple Macintosh / p(ə)l load mkntɒʃ/ noun a user-friendly Areopagitica riəυp$stə Areopagitica / | / noun personal computer developed by Apple the title of a pamphlet distributed by John with the Mac OS X operating system. Milton in 1644, which defended the Also called Mac freedom of the press and the sanctity of appreciation data ə pri ʃieʃ ə n appreciation data /| | ( ) books detə / noun details of a viewer’s or COMMENT: Milton wrote the Areopagitica listener’s reactions to a broadcast, used in protest at the Licensing Act 1643, in alongside audience numbers which Parliament banned printing without appreciation index ə pri ʃieʃ ə n a licence and set up committees to appreciation index / | | ( ) monitor and censor all publications. The ndeks/ noun a measure of how much a Areopagitica was addressed to person has enjoyed a programme that they Parliament and was writing in the style of MediaStudies.fm Page 13 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
13 aspect ratio converter
a speech, imitating the original articulation ɑ tkjυleʃ ə n articulation / | | ( ) / noun Areopagitica which was written by the the process of expressing something Athenian Isocrates in 355 BC. artificial language
A roll ɑ tfʃ ə l e rəυl artificial language / ( ) A roll / / noun the primary footage lŋ$wd/ noun a language that has used in an edited sequence, mainly inter- been invented for a particular purpose, views or pictures which are directly rele- such as for use with computers. The best- vant to the issue. Compare B roll array known human artificial language, devel- əre array / | / noun TELECOMS the spacing oped for international communication, is or arrangement of aerials so that their Esperanto. effectiveness is maximised artificial light ɑ tfʃ ə l lat Arri ri artificial light / ( ) / noun Arri / / a trade name for a German- lighting used to enable filming where made type of film camera there is no natural light source, for Arriflex Arriflex /rifleks/ a trade name for a example in a studio German-made type of film camera artistic media ɑ tstk mi diə artistic media / | / noun art director ɑ t da rektə art director / | / noun 1. a media such as paint, photography, sculp- person who coordinates creative work in ture, collage etc which are used to create advertising 2. a crew member in televi- works of art sion, film and theatre production, who is arts /ɑ ts/, the arts plural noun 1. activ- responsible for overseeing the look and ities enjoyed for the beauty they create or feel of the set and instructing the set the way they present ideas, for example designer 2. artefacts painting, music, and literature nonsci- artefacts /ɑ tfkts/ plural noun items entific and nontechnical subjects at school such as media products, that hold infor- or university mation about the culture that produced artwork /ɑ tw& k/ noun 1. graphics them such as charts, diagrams or maps that ‘Among the bones were those of the accompany textual material 2. in printing, Mayan king Kan Maax and his wife, any material which can be printed, identified by their jewellery, whether illustrations or text headdresses and other precious ASA abbreviation Advertising Stand- artefacts.’ [Andrew Gumbel, The ASA ards Authority Independent] ascender əsendə art film ɑ t flm ascender / | / noun PRINTING 1. art film / / noun a film that is the part of a lowercase letter such as d, h made not for commercial reasons, but as a or k, that extends above its lower half 2. a work of art, usually on a low budget art gallery letter with an ascender art gallery /ɑ t $ləri/ noun a ascription skrpʃ ə n ascription / | ( ) / noun the building or room where works of art can adjustment of statistics to reflect unex- be seen by the public art-house pected circumstances, for example a art-house /ɑ t haυs/ adjective 1. refer- reduced circulation for a magazine caused ring to films that are not mainstream and by a delay at the printers are more devoted to the art of film-making A-side A-side /e sad/ noun the more impor- than to mass entertainment 2. referring to tant side of a pop, rock, or jazz single that cinemas that show art-house films article usually contains the title track article /ɑ tk(ə)l/ noun 1. a text on a ASL abbreviation American Sign particular subject in a newspaper, maga- ASL Language zine or reference book 2. ONLINE a as-live message or posting to an Internet news- as-live / z lav/ adjective referring to group film or sounds that are pre-recorded and Article 19 ɑ tk ə l nanti n then replayed as if live | Article 19 / ( ) / noun a aspect ratio clause in the European Convention for the aspect ratio /spekt reʃiəυ/ noun Protection of Human Rights and Funda- the ratio between the width and height of mental Freedom. The Article defends an image on-screen, such as 4:3, which is both the right to freedom of expression the usual television screen size, or 16:9, and the need for legal conditions and which is wide screen restrictions to be placed upon expression aspect ratio converter ratio converter /spekt reʃiəυ kən v& tə in order to protect other rights such as the | / noun a device for right to privacy. converting pictures into a form that can be MediaStudies.fm Page 14 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
aspirational value 14 shown on a screen with a different aspect words that contain the same or similar ratio. Abbreviation ARC vowel sounds. Compare alliteration aspirational value spreʃən ə l asterisk aspirational value / | ( ) asterisk /stərsk/ noun a symbol (*) vlju / noun a quality in fiction that used to indicate that there is a footnote makes it appeal to an audience, in which it relating to the text after which the symbol describes situations and objects which appears. Asterisks are also used to replace people aspire to or aspire to have, for letters of words which cannot be printed example romance, money, prestige in full because they are considered aspirer əsparə aspirer / | / noun in advertising obscene. asterism audience classifications, a person who asterism /st& rz(ə)m/ noun wants products which improve their PRINTING three asterisks that form a image and are fashionable. ı main- triangle and draw the reader’s attention to streamer, succeeder, reformer the next piece of text assertiveness əs& tvnəs Aston assertiveness / | / noun the Aston /stən/ a trade name for a char- ability to express needs, desires, values acter generator which lays captions on an and opinions in a direct and confident image manner. Assertiveness is not always Aston operator considered a positive attribute since in Aston operator /stən ɒpəretə/ many collectivist cultures it is considered noun the member of a television produc- more polite to consider the needs of others tion team who is responsible for on-screen above your own. graphics Astra assets /sets/ plural noun separate Astra /strə/ noun a satellite operator data elements such as video, audio and which broadcasts BSkyB and other Euro- image that are used in a multimedia appli- pean satellite channels, based in Luxem- cation bourg assimilate əsmlet atmosphere assimilate / | / noun 1. to inte- atmosphere /tməsfə/, atmos noun grate somebody into a larger group, so ambient noise, recorded and added to a that differences are minimised or elimi- radio recording to make it sound more nated, or become integrated in this way 2. realistic. Also called wild track to integrate new knowledge or informa- atmospherics tməsferks atmospherics / | / noun tion with what is already known assistant floor manager noises that interfere with radio reception, ə assistant floor manager /| caused by natural electrical disturbances sst(ə)nt flɔ mndə/ noun an in the atmosphere assistant to the floor or stage manager, ATR e ti ɑ who does such tasks as checking props ATR / / noun a model showing and coordinating rehearsals. Abbreviation stages in the effects of advertising on the AFM consumer. According to this model, the assistant producer ə sst ə nt prə customer becomes aware of the product, assistant producer / | ( ) | dju sə buys it once to try it, and then buys it again / noun in television production, when he or she finds it is satisfactory. Full the crew member who is responsible for form awareness, trial, repeat directing the content and action, roughly attachment əttʃmənt equivalent to a director in film production. attachment / | / noun same Abbreviation AP as work experience attack Associated Press ətk ə səυsietd | Associated Press /| attack / / noun RADIO the shape of pres/ noun a major international news the start of a sound signal over time agency founded in 1848. Abbreviation AP attention economy ətenʃən attention economy /| | associate producer ə səυsiət prə kɒnəmi associate producer / | | / noun the view that people’s dju sə/ noun in television and film attention, particularly their attention to production, the producer’s head assistant websites, is a driving force in the Association of Cinematograph and Television Techniciansof Cinematograph economy ə attention model of mass communication and Television Technicians /| attention model of mass commu- səυsieʃ n əv snmətə$rɑ f ən ə tenʃən mɒd ə l əv ms ( ) nication / | ( ) telv ə n teknʃ ə nz | / noun kə mju nkeʃ ə n ( ) ( ) full form | | ( ) / noun the idea that of ACTT communication (especially in advertising) assonance /sənəns/ noun a poetic is a matter of attracting and holding the or literary effect achieved by using several attention of the consumer or receiver MediaStudies.fm Page 15 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
15 audio feed
attention value ətenʃən vlju attention value / | / audience for an advertisement that is noun the likelihood of an advertisement reached by it more than once, or in more attracting and holding attention than one form audience factor ‘Newspaper advertising is done at least audience factor /ɔ diəns fktə/ twice a week, and David reports that the noun the average number and constitu- company is ‘experimenting with TV and ency of viewers in each television-owning radio. The typical men’s stores in home Detroit don’t do much advertising, so audience flow audience flow /ɔ diəns fləυ/ noun we get good attention value.’’ [Stan Gellars, DNR] the way in which the audience for a partic- ular channel changes throughout the day, attitude attitude /ttju d/ noun the way in expressed by the percentage that changes which a person approaches or receives the channel, turns the television on or off something, formed by social norms, expe- or leaves the room rience and personal taste. Attitudes can be audience measurement audience measurement /ɔ diəns shaped, refined and changed, for example meəmənt/ research into how many by the presentation of stereotypes in the people are receiving a particular media media. attitude research product and what they are like, their social ttju d r s& tʃ attitude research / | / status etc. noun research into the feelings, tastes and audience research ɔ diəns rs& tʃ perceptions of an audience audience research / | / attribution trbju ʃ ə n noun research into the attitudes of an attribution / | ( ) / noun a audience to an advertising campaign credit for the original source of a piece of audimeter news, quote or photograph audimeter /ɔ dmi tə/ noun an elec- attribution theory trbju ʃ ə n tronic device attached to a TV set, which / | ( ) attribution theory records details of a viewer’s viewing θəri/ noun dispositional attribution, habits situational attribution audio audience ɔ diəυ audience /ɔ diəns/ noun 1. the group audio / / noun recorded material audiocassette ɔ diəυkə set of people who are exposed to a media audiocassette / | / noun product. ı target audience 2. the people an audiotape in a plastic box, for use in a who receive a media product, or at whom tape recorder a piece of advertising is aimed audioconferencing ɔ diəυ audioconferencing /| COMMENT: Audience research plays an kɒnf(ə)rənsŋ/ noun BUSINESS the prac- important role in dictating which media products are made and the way in which tice of holding a meeting between several they are packaged. The more closely a people in different locations, whose product matches the needs and desires discussions take place over the telephone of its target audience, the more likely it is audio console ɔ diəυ kɒnsəυl to be accepted and successful. audio console / /
audience appreciation noun a piece of furniture designed to ɔ diəns ə audience appreciation / | house the separate components of an pri ʃieʃ ə n | ( ) / noun a measure of how an audio system such as a radio tuner, a audience responded to a media product, compact disc player, a tape recorder and a used as a factor in ratings research along- record deck side the bare statistics of how many audio description ɔ diəυ d audio description / | people were watching skrpʃən Audience Appreciation Index / noun a spoken description of Audience Appreciation Index ɔ diəns ə pri ʃieʃ ə n ndeks what is happening onscreen for the visu- / | | ( ) / noun ally impaired a study of audience opinions on audio distribution amplifier programmes they have watched. Abbrevi- audio distribution amplifier ɔ diəυ dstrbju ʃ ə n mplfaə ation AI / | ( ) / audience differentiation abbreviation ADA. ı distribution ampli- audience differentiation / ɔ diəns dfərenʃieʃ ə n fier | ( ) / the process of split- audio EDL ting an audience into groups according to audio EDL / ɔ diəυ i di el/ noun age, social status and considering the editing decision list audio feed needs of each group audio feed /ɔ diəυ fi d/ noun recorded audience duplication duplication / ɔ diəns sound sent from one place to another dju plkeʃ ə n | ( ) / noun the percentage of where it can be used MediaStudies.fm Page 16 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
audio insert 16
audio insert ɔ diəυ n s& t audio insert / | / noun a a director may be regarded as a film’s feature on some video equipment which author allows dubbing author /ɔ θə/ verb to create a computer audiophile /ɔ diəυfal/ noun some- application such as a multimedia docu- body who has an enthusiasm for hi- ment, usually using special software fidelity sound reproduction, especially authoring software software / ɔ θərŋ recordings of music sɒftweə/, authoring system / ɔ θərŋ audiotape /ɔ diəυtep/ noun 1. a sstəm/ noun a special application for length of magnetic tape containing a creating multimedia titles. Authoring soft- sound recording for use in a tape recorder ware is for designing the pages of a multi- 2. magnetic tape that is used for recording media book and placing video clips, sound images, text and sound on a page. authorship audio-video support system support system authorship /ɔ θəʃp/ noun the idea ɔ diəυ vdiəυ səpɔ t sstəm that a particular person in a film’s produc- / | / noun full form of AVSS tion (usually the director) is mainly audiovisual / ɔ diəυ vuəl/ noun responsible for the look and style of the media that can be seen and also heard, for film, rather than looking at the larger body of people who produced it as a whole example a TV commercial. Abbreviation author’s marks AV author’s marks /ɔ θəz mɑ ks/ plural Audit Bureau of Circulation Bureau of Circulation / ɔ dt noun proofreading marks made by the bjυərəυ əv s& kjυleʃ ə n author on a piece of text | ( ) / noun the auto-conforming ɔ təυ kən body which provides official figures for auto-conforming / | fɔ mŋ newspaper circulation. Abbreviation ABC / noun the process of conforming audited circulation ɔ dtəd s& kjυ done by a special computer program, audited circulation / | which automatically recreates the editing leʃ(ə)n/ noun circulation figures for done during the off-line edit newspapers or magazines that have been autocracy ɔ tɒkrəsi independently verified autocracy / | / noun a system aura ɔ rə of government based on the principle of aura / / noun in aesthetic theory, the absolute power invested in one ruler, idea that a piece of art retains its special usually a monarch. Compare democracy unique qualities and mystical value even if Autocue ɔ təυkju it is mass-reproduced Autocue / / a trade name for a aural signature ɔ rəl s$ntʃə type of electronic scrolling script aural signature / / prompter, often used generically to mean noun a set of musical sounds used to iden- any type of device like this tify a product or service auto exposure ɔ təυ kspəυə Australian Broadcasting Corporation auto exposure / | / Australian Broadcasting Corpo- ɒ streliən brɔ dkɑ stŋ noun a feature on a camera to set the ration /| kɔ pəreʃ ə n exposure level automatically. Abbrevia- ( ) / the government-owned tion AE public service broadcaster of radio and autofocus ɔ təυfəυkəs television programmes in Australia. autofocus / / noun a Abbreviation ABC camera system that allows the lens to be auteur ɔ t& adjusted automatically so that the image is auteur / | / noun a film director who in focus. Abbreviation AF is known for their distinctive individual auto-function ɔ təυ fŋkʃən style auto-function / / noun a feature in editing and playback equip- ‘But the talents of movie directors ment that performs functions such as remain shrouded in mystery and focusing or tracking automatically. This ignorance. One of the complications is can be helpful for amateur users but is an ambiguous label – that of ‘auteur’, usually set manually by the professional which attracts as much derision as it to give greater control over the output. does respect and eulogy.’ [Don Boyd, Automatic Dialogue Replacement Automatic Dialogue Replacement Time Out] ɔ təmtk daəlɒ$ r plesmənt | auteurism / / ɔ t& rz ə m auteurism / | ( ) / noun the noun 1. a device which allows actors to principle that a director’s influence on a watch themselves on screen while re- film is its defining characteristic recording their lines simultaneously, for auteur theory ɔ t& θəri auteur theory / | / noun the greater clarity 2. the practice of re- theory in film criticism that suggests that recording lines from a filmed piece, either MediaStudies.fm Page 17 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
17 axeman
average audience because the sound was incorrectly average audience / v(ə)rd recorded or just to make it louder and ɔ diəns/ noun the average of the minute- clearer, and dubbing them over the top so by-minute audience rating throughout the that they appear to be part of the original duration of a radio or television dialogue ̈ abbreviation ADR programme automatic exposure ɔ təmtk k average frequency automatic exposure / | average frequency / v(ə)rd spəυə/ noun a camera system that auto- fri kwənsi/ noun 1. the number of times matically sets the lens aperture and shutter on average that the same person is reached speed, after measuring how much light by advertising in the same campaign, there is either in the same or different media vehi- automatic frequency control frequency control cles 2. the average number of opportuni- ɔ təmtk fri kwənsi kən trəυl ties to see an advertisement. Abbreviation / | / noun a control system in a radio or televi- AF average hours per head sion receiver that keeps it tuned to the average hours per head / v(ə)rd incoming signal, even if its frequency aυəz pə hed/ noun the average number varies slightly of television viewing hours across the
automatic gain control automatic gain control / ɔ təmtk whole population who did or could have $en kən trəυl watched | / noun a control system in Average Issue Readership a radio receiver, that keeps the amplified Average Issue Readership volume constant in spite of variations in / v(ə)rd ʃu ri dəʃp/ noun an esti- the volume of the signal mate of the number of people who have
automatic level control automatic level control / ɔ təmtk read or looked at a publication during its lev ə l kən trəυl issue period. Abbreviation AIR ( ) | / noun a device on average quarter-hour figure recording machines that maintains a average quarter-hour figure constant recording level. Abbreviation / v(ə)rd kwɔ tər aυə f$ə/ noun ALC the average number of people watching a autonomy ɔ tɒnəmi TV programme during a 15-minute period autonomy /| / noun in avi aesthetic theory, independence, without avi / e vi a/ noun COMPUTING a file relying on any other idea, cultural form or extension for a multimedia video format value file Avid technology autoscript vd tek nɒlədi autoscript /ɔ təυskrpt/ noun a type Avid technology / | / of prompting system used by television the market leader in software for non- presenters linear editing AVSS auto white balance auto white balance / ɔ təυ wat AVSS / e vi es es/ noun a digital video bləns/ noun a feature on a camera that system, originally for MS-DOS, used to sets the white balance automatically. play back video and audio files on a Abbreviation AWB computer awareness AV əweənəs AV abbreviation MEDIA audiovisual awareness / | / noun same as availability ə veləblti brand awareness availability / | | / noun the awareness, trial, repeat ə weənəs time and number of advertising slots awareness, trial, repeat / | traəl rpi t which are available to be used | / noun full form of ATR AWB avant-garde avant-garde / vɒŋ $ɑ d/ adjective AWB abbreviation auto white balance AWM novel, experimental and outside the main- AWM / e db(ə)l ju em/ noun a stream system developed by Yamaha to sample ‘Braunstein… published an article natural sounds and convert them to digital called Stalking Kate in BlackBook, a form axe progressive magazine that describes axe /ks/ noun a rock guitar or a brass itself as ‘clandestine and avant garde’.’ instrument used in jazz, particularly a [Tony Allen-Mills, TheSundayTimes] saxophone (informal)
avatar axeman avatar /vətɑ / noun a computer- axeman /ksmən/ noun a rock generated icon or figure representing a guitarist, a jazz saxophonist or other horn character in a virtual world player (informal) MediaStudies.fm Page 18 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
B
B/A abbreviation back-anno dialogue.’ [Letters Page, The Sun baby legs legs /bebi le$z/ noun a camera Newspaper] tripod with especially short legs for low- backing /bkŋ/ noun the accompani- angle shots ment for a solo musician or singer of back /bk/ noun the part of a book popular music where the pages and the binding are backing track track /bkŋ trk/ noun a joined together recording that is used as an accompani- back-anno /bk nəυ/ noun an ment to a solo performance announcement following an audio piece back issue issue /bk ʃu / noun a on the radio, explaining what has just been previous edition of a paper or magazine heard. Abbreviation B/A backlight bklat backbench backlight / / noun a light that bkbentʃ backbench / / noun a illuminates the subject from behind on a committee of senior journalists who film set, helping them to stand out against decide the overall look, structure and the background. Also called rim light focus of a particular newspaper backlight correction bklat kə back catalogue bk kt ə lɒ$ backlight correction / | back catalogue / ( ) / rekʃ(ə)n/ noun an automatic function on noun all the publications, recordings or some cameras to reduce the shadowing films a particular artist or company has effect of lighting an object from behind. ever produced Abbreviation BLC back cover back cover / bk kvə/ noun the back back projection bk prə back projection / | of a magazine cover, which can be used dekʃ(ə)n/ noun the cinematic technique for advertising backfile of creating a background for a scene by backfile /bkfal/ noun a collection of projecting other moving images onto a all the previous issues of a newspaper or screen behind the action being filmed magazine back-story bk stɔ ri background back-story / / noun CINEMA, bk$raυnd background / / noun part TV same as prequel of a feature that gives background details back up bk p to the main part of a news story back up / / verb to print on the backgrounder second side of a sheet of paper bk$raυndə backup backgrounder / / noun a bkp feature that gives background details to backup / / noun a copy of saved another major news story data that can be used if the original is lost, background music or a second source of energy or facilities background music /bk$raυnd mju zk that may be used if the first source fails / noun music that accompanies back-up bk p action or dialogue in a film, or music back-up / / noun the accompa- played to create a pleasant environment niment to the main performer of a piece of and make people feel comfortable, for popular music or jazz badged example in a shop or at a party badged /bdd/ adjective referring to a ‘When the BBC finally manages to give distinctive branding that is given to a us a decent programme, why must they product to appeal to its target audience bad language ruin it with irritating background music bad language / bd lŋ$wd/ noun that runs right through the show? In the use or misuse of language which is many cases it completely drowns out the likely to cause offence to its audience, for MediaStudies.fm Page 19 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
19 barbershop
B & W example swearing, poor grammar or the B & W abbreviation PHOTOGRAPHY use of certain accents or dialects black-and-white ‘Millions of pounds are spent bandwidth /bndwdθ/ noun 1. a researching whether television violence range of frequencies that is used for radio makes children more aggressive, but the or telecommunications transmission and mere price of a bus ticket will reception 2. ONLINE the amount of data, demonstrate conclusively that television often measured in bits per second, that a swearing makes children use bad communication channel such as an language more readily.’ [Christopher Internet connection, can transmit Middleton, The Daily Telegraph] bang bang /bŋ/ noun PRINTING an exclama- bad taste bad taste /bd test/ ȣ in bad taste tion mark (!) referring to a comment or joke that is bangtail /bŋtel/ noun a type of enve- considered unsuitable because it may lope with a piece that can be torn off and offend a group or individual, particularly used as an order form or to collect because of being ill-timed. An example of marketing data this would be light-hearted comments bank bŋk made about a person shortly after their bank / / noun PRESS a secondary part of a headline running below the main death. Bafta headline in smaller type Bafta /bftə/ noun an award given in banner /bnə/ noun PRESS same as the UK every year by the British Academy banner banner headline of Film and Television Arts for banner ad outstanding work in films and television banner ad /bnə d/, banner adver- BAFTA bnə ədv& tsmənt tisement / | /, BAFTA /bftə/ abbreviation British banner advertising /bnə Academy of Film and Television Arts dvətazŋ balanced audio / noun an advertisement that balanced audio / blənst ɔ diəυ/ stretches across the top or bottom of a noun audio signals which are transmitted printed page or a webpage. Also called along the cable in inverted form, which banner eliminates any interference balanced programming ‘…a mistake by the Lycos search engine balanced programming / blənst resulted in the fledgling casino’s banner prəυ$rmŋ/ noun the practice of advertising being flashed across the giving fair coverage to all subject matter, world. The surge in internet traffic was representing each view in an impartial almost too big for the company’s servers manner and not marginalising any to cope with.’ [Matthew Garrahan, The programming by, for example, always Financial Times] broadcasting it at off-peak times banner exchange bnə ks ballad bləd banner exchange / | ballad / / noun a slow romantic tʃend/ noun an agreement between song in popular music, or an older song two or more businesses, in which each that tells a sentimental story allows the others’ advertising banners to balloon bəlu n balloon / | / noun the rounded be displayed on its website space on a cartoon picture where the text banner headline headline / bnə hedlan/ of a character’s speech or thoughts is noun a large headline that stretches across printed. Also called bubble the top of the page of a newspaper. Also ballyhoo blihu ballyhoo / | / noun sensational called banner publicity for something such as a story or bar /bɑ / noun in music, a fundamental product unit of time into which a musical work is band band /bnd/ noun a horizontal section divided, according to the number of beats of a reel-to-reel tape BARB abbreviation Broadcasters’ bandpass filter bandpass filter /bndpɑ s fltə/ Audience Research Board noun a device that filters out all sounds barbershop /bɑ bəʃɒp/ noun a style except those within a certain frequency of arranging unaccompanied popular bandspreading bnd spredŋ bandspreading / | / songs, originally for four male voices, that noun a tuning system on some radios that was developed in the US in the 1920s and allows a narrow band of frequencies to be 1930s. There are now many female spread wider apart to enable more accu- barbershop groups and larger barbershop rate tuning to a particular frequency choirs. MediaStudies.fm Page 20 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
bar counting 20
bar counting counting /bɑ kaυntŋ/ noun a Organisation to allow free trade for tele- method of timing camera shots by communications services, signed by 69 counting the bars of accompanying music countries Baskerville barn door barn door / bɑ n dɔ / noun THEATRE, Baskerville /bskəvl/ noun PRINTING CINEMA one of four adjustable flaps on the a typeface characterised by serifs and front of a large industrial light used on traditionally regarded suitable for books film sets and in the theatre and periodicals Bass’s double action model of internal news flow 1969 baron /brən/ noun the main owner Bass’s double action model of and controller of a newspaper or media internal news flow 1969 /bs/ noun empire. Examples include Rupert a model which describes news as being Murdoch, Robert Maxwell and Silvio processed in two stages before release – Berlusconi. (informal) Also called firstly by the newsgatherers, who are magnate, mogul concerned only with factual reporting, barrier signals signals /briə s$n(ə)lz/ then by the editors, who are more plural noun in human interaction, non- concerned with the values and norms of verbal communication such as crossing the news organisation bastard title the arms or holding a hand in front of the bastard title /bɑ stəd tat(ə)l/ noun face, which are seen as defensive signals PRINTING same as half title batter barter /bɑ tə/ noun a system in which batter /btə/ noun PRINTING 1. the advertising space or time is exchanged for impression produced by a damaged goods from the advertiser printing plate 2. a damaged or worn area base of printing type or a defective block /bes/ noun 1. RADIO the studio 2. base battery pack bt ə ri pk MARKETING the actual number of individ- battery pack / ( ) / noun a uals that were asked questions in a survey powerful battery that can be recharged base and superstructure and superstructure / bes ən and used in portable machines such as su pəstrktʃə laptop computers and video cameras / noun a Marxist theory in baud rate which the economy is the ‘base’ of any baud rate /bɔ d ret/ noun the speed of society, around which is built the ‘super- data transfer within a network, measured structure’ of the law, religion, culture etc. in bits per second BBC baseband bi bi si baseband /besbnd/ noun 1. TELE- BBC / / noun the public COMS the narrow range of frequencies service broadcaster in the UK that was necessary to transmit a single message 2. established in 1922. As the BBC is non- the form of a satellite signal as it is trans- commercial, it is funded by an annual mitted, before it is received and converted licence fee paid by television owners. Full into viewable pictures and sound form British Broadcasting Corpora- base station station /bes steʃ(ə)n/ noun a tion fixed radio transmitter/receiver that relays COMMENT: The BBC has been subject to many reports since it was founded in radio signals to and from data terminals or 1922, primarily looking into the quality of radios its programming, its funding via the basher /bʃə/ noun a small hand-held licence fee and the need for competition lamp used on a film shoot in the British broadcasting market. The basic service most recent government white paper basic service / besk s& vs/ noun (called ‘The Future of the BBC: Serving the basic package of television channels the Nation, Competing Worldwide’) that are available on a cable or satellite recommended that the BBC should subscription service. Extra channels can continue to develop worldwide services, pay particular attention to matters of taste usually be paid for. and decency and should provide ‘Sky launched the service in October programming dedicated to education, 2004, a month before the meeting, news and ‘bringing the nation together’. offering a set-top box and basic service BBC digital digital / bi bi si ddt(ə)l/ for a flat £150.’ [Jane Martinson and noun the six extra BBC channels available Rob Evans, The Guardian] to digital viewers since 2002. These chan- Basic Telecommunications Agreement 1997 Telecommunications nels include a 24-hour news channel and besk telikə round-the-clock children’s programming. Agreement 1997 / | mju nkeʃ ə nz ə $ri mənt BBC English bi bi si ŋ$lʃ | ( ) | / noun an BBC English / / noun agreement introduced by the World Trade the standard form of spoken English used MediaStudies.fm Page 21 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
21 benday by announcers on BBC television and tainment, Cinematograph and radio Theatre Union BBC World bed BBC World / bi bi si w& ld/ noun bed /bed/ noun BROADCAST music or the BBC’s international 24-hours new other background sounds that are played service, which is commercially funded under an item such as the news Beeb BBC World Service World Service / bi bi si Beeb /bi b/ noun an informal way of w& ld s& vs/ noun the BBC’s interna- referring to the BBC beermat tional radio news service, which is funded beermat /bəmt/ noun MARKETING a by the British government and broadcasts cardboard mat for use under a beer glass in 43 languages in a pub, that often carries advertising for BBC Worldwide bi bi si w& ld breweries or other drinks companies BBC Worldwide / | wad behaviourism bhevjərz ə m / noun a BBC company which behaviourism /| ( ) / makes consumer products relating to their noun a psychological movement that television and radio broadcasts, such as focuses on what can be observed and audio books, magazines and book tie-ins measured about a person’s behaviour, BBC written archives BBC written archives / bi bi si rather than what can only be inferred rt(ə)n ɑ kavz/ noun a store of more about their thought processes. Compare than 200,000 files from the BBC’s first 40 cognitive psychology bellows years of broadcasting, kept by the BBC bellows /beləυz/ noun the telescopic Monitoring Service in Reading part of a camera or photographic enlarger, BBFC abbreviation British Board of that houses its lenses bells and whistles Film Classification bells and whistles / belz ənd BBS ws ə lz BBS abbreviation 1. Bulletin Board ( ) / plural noun every possible System 2. British Business Survey feature that could be included, for BCNZ example, in an advertising campaign BCNZ abbreviation Broadcasting below-the-fold b ləυ ðə fəυld / | / Corporation of New Zealand below-the-fold BCU adjective relating to the parts of a BCU abbreviation big close-up webpage that can be seen only by BDL / bi di el/ noun a company that scrolling down the page and that are there- makes autocue equipment. Full form fore less commercially valuable for Broadcast Development Ltd marketing purposes BDS below-the-line b ləυ ðə lan BDS abbreviation Broadcasting Data below-the-line / | / adjec- Services tive 1. relating to advertising that is not beach box beach box /bi tʃ bɒks/ noun a device mainstream, for example mailouts, beer for connecting an external microphone to mats, etc 2. relating to advertising that is a hand-held digital video camera, to not paid for and for which no commission provide better sound recording quality is paid to an advertising agency, for beam bi m example work by staff who are manning beam / / verb to broadcast radio or an exhibition television signals to a particular place belter beltə beam aerial bi m eəriəl belter / / noun a song that can be beam aerial / / noun an sung loudly and enthusiastically, espe- aerial that sends or receives radio or tele- cially by a group singing together vision signals to or from a particular (informal) direction benchmark measure bentʃmɑ k beam splitter bi m spltə benchmark measure / beam splitter / / noun a meə/ noun the measure of a target audi- device that can split a beam such as a ence’s response at the beginning of an laser, into two beams of light that can be advertising campaign which is then used to create a three-dimensional image compared to the response at the end of the such as a hologram campaign to test the efficiency of the beatbox beatbox /bi tbɒks/ noun MUSIC a drum campaign machine used in popular music to provide benday /bende/ adjective referring to repetitive rhythm accompaniments a method of adding tone or shading to a BECTU /bektu / noun a trade union in line drawing by overlaying the image with the UK, representing employees in the a screen that bears a pattern of, for film and television industries and also in example, lines or dots, before a plate is theatre. Full form Broadcasting, Enter- made MediaStudies.fm Page 22 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
Berliner 22
Berliner b& lnə BFI Berliner / | / noun a newspaper BFI abbreviation CINEMA, UK British format slightly larger in size than tabloid, Film Institute used by several European newspaper B-girl /bi $& l/ noun a young woman including France’s Le Monde and The who is enthusiastic about hip-hop music Guardian in the UK and culture Berlusconi phenomenon b& lυ Berlusconi phenomenon / | ‘Another rising star in the British B-girl skəυni fə nɒmnən | / noun the way in camp is Firefly – real name Andrea which Silvio Berlusconi reached power as Parker. She’s 26. She lives in Leeds. Italian prime minister due to his control of Now a full-time professional B-girl, she the country’s media packed in her nine-to-five office job as best boy best boy / best bɔ/ noun 1. the an accounts director in a solicitors’ firm assistant to the chief lighting technician six years ago.’ [The Independent] on a film or television set 2. the chief bhangra /bŋ$rə/ noun a style of assistant to the key grip on a film set popular music in British Asian communi- best-of-breed best-of-breed / best əv bri d/ adjec- ties that mixes elements of traditional tive COMPUTING, MARKETING referring to a Punjabi folk music and western pop music product that is the best in its class bias /baəs/ noun 1. the failure to report ‘…consumers can mix and match news in an impartial, factual manner, components at will, without having to whether intentional or not 2. a prejudiced replace the entire system. They can buy or non-objective attitude, which may not individual components from specialised fairly represent all sides of an issue bibliography bbliɒ$rəfi suppliers and then assemble these ‘best- bibliography / | / noun 1. a of-breed’ components into a customised list of books and articles consulted, system.’ [The Financial Times] appearing at the end of a book or other text bestseller bestselə 2. a list of books and articles on a subject bestseller / | / noun a product such as a book or a CD that sells very well, 3. a list of the books and articles written often very quickly by a specific author or issued by a specific Betacam bi təkm publisher 4. the history of books and other Betacam / / a trade name for publications, and the work of classifying a videotape format, overtaken in the and describing them consumer market by VHS but still used big beat b$ bi t for some professional productions big beat / / noun a type of elec- Beta SP bi tə es pi tronic music, later more usually called Beta SP / / a trade name for electronica, that incorporates elements of variant of the Betacam format for video- both dance and rock music and is charac- tapes (the SP stands for ‘superior terised by its rock-style drum patterns performance’) Big Brother Beta SX Big Brother noun a concept in George Beta SX / bi tə es eks/ a trade name for Orwell’s novel 1984, describing an a digital version of the Beta SP videotape authoritarian government which format ‘watches’ every move of its citizens, inter- beta testing beta testing /bi tə testŋ/ noun the cepts their communications etc and moni- practice of asking consumers to test a tors them for any signs of unrest or non- product, after it has been officially tested, conformity í a trade name for a reality but before it is released to the general television show format, in which a group public of ordinary people are put together in a Beveridge Committee report on broadcasting Committee 1950 report on house and their behaviour monitored broadcasting 1950 /bevərd/ noun continuously by television cameras big close-up a report into the monopoly on broad- big close-up / b$ kləυs p/ noun casting held by the BBC at the time. It PHOTOGRAPHY an extreme close-up shot recommended closer surveillance of of a person’s face, in which the lower chin governors’ activities and output and some and top of the head are cut off. Abbrevia- regional devolution of activities, but tion BCU advised against greater competition, such Bigfoot /b$fυt/ noun US a celebrity as from commercial broadcasters, because journalist employed by a large media it would reduce the overall quality of organisation (slang) output. big idea b$ adiə big idea / | / noun the main bf bf abbreviation PRINTING boldface new idea behind an advertising campaign, MediaStudies.fm Page 23 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
23 black-and-white
bind the aim of which is to attract potential bind /band/ verb PRINTING to make customers pages into a book form by fastening them bigotry /b$ətri/ noun unreasonable together inside a cover binder intolerance of other people’s beliefs, binder /bandə/ noun 1. a machine that values or opinions fastens pages together in the form of a big screen screen / b$ skri n/ noun 1. films book 2. a firm cover that can hold separate that are made to be seen in a cinema rather items such as sheets of paper or maga- than on a television 2. a television report zines securely together binding in which the presenter stands in front of a binding /bandŋ/ noun the material large screen, which is showing charts, that is used to fasten the pages of a book graphs, short interviews etc or booklet together bill bl biodata bill / / noun MARKETING a piece of biodata /baəυdetə/ noun details paper such as a poster or leaflet with an about an individual, relating for example, advertisement on it to his or her education or professional billboard billboard /blbɔ d/ noun 1. a poster history advertising a newspaper by displaying the biographee baɒ$rəfi biographee / | / noun a main headline of the day, usually person who is the subject of a biography displayed outside newsagents on news- biography baɒ$rəfi paper stands 2. a sponsorship message biography / | / noun the story shown before, after and in the breaks of a of a person’s life, told by somebody else biopic sponsored television programme biopic /baəυpk/ noun a biographical billing /blŋ/ noun 1. the particular film bird’s-eye view importance or prominence given to a bird’s-eye view / b& dz a vju / noun performer or event in advertisements 2. same as aerial shot biscuit the details such as the cast list and length biscuit /bskt/ noun the connecting of a radio or television programme, as mechanism that allows the attachment of supplied to the Broadcasting Data Serv- the plate on the bottom of a camera to the ices 3. the total amount of business done head of a tripod over a given period, especially in adver- bit bt tising 4. the way in which a performance, bit / / noun a binary digit, either ‘0’ or event, or product is publicised ‘1’. More bits indicate more digits in a billing form blŋ fɔ m string, which means more possible combi- billing form / / noun one of nations, so that a 24-bit palette of colours the four forms which must be submitted will have more shades and combinations when delivering a programme to the BBC, available than a 16-bit palette. giving billing details for listings maga- BITC zines. ı transmission form, music BITC abbreviation burned-in timecode bitmap reporting form, Programme as bitmap /btmp/ noun an image, the Completed form data for which is stored in the form of bits bitmapped font billposter /blpəυstə/ noun a person bitmapped font / btmpt fɒnt/ whose job it is to put up advertisements in noun a typeface formed as a pattern of public places pixels or dots that are stored separately for bi-media / ba mi diə/ adjective each font size biweekly bawi kli involving both radio and television biweekly / | / noun a magazine bi-media journalism journalism / ba mi diə or paper that is published once every two d& n(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun a BBC scheme weeks black whereby journalists are trained for both black /blk/ noun a back-up copy of a television and radio at the same time story, originally made using a carbon binary opposition banəri ɒpə binary opposition / | sheet when typing the story on a type- zʃ(ə)n/ noun a pair of direct opposites writer black-and-white such as good and evil, white and black or black-and-white adjective 1. referring male and female to images shown only in black, white and binaural banɔ rəl binaural / | / adjective referring shades of grey 2. PHOTOGRAPHY, TV, to stereo sound that is recorded and then CINEMA reproducing images in which reproduced through two separate chan- colours have been converted to black, nels, one for each side of a pair of head- white, and shades of grey í noun phones PHOTOGRAPHY a visual medium without MediaStudies.fm Page 24 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
BlackBerry 24 colours, and in hues of black, white, and 1970s in which black people are repre- shades of grey. Abbreviation B & W, BW sented as stereotypes
BlackBerry BLC BlackBerry /blkbəri/ a trade name BLC abbreviation backlight correction bleed for a hand-held wireless device which bleed /bli d/ verb 1. to print something combines e-mail and Internet access, a or be printed so that the colours run into phone and software applications black comedy each or beyond the edge of an illustration black comedy / blk kɒmədi/ noun 2. to print something or be printed so that comedy based on serious subjects that are part of a text or graphic is missing when not normally regarded as humorous, such the page is trimmed í noun a graphic or as death or illness piece of text, printed so that it runs off the black letter letter / blk letə/ noun same as edge of the page bleep gothic bleep /bli p/ verb to attract a person’s black level black level /blk lev(ə)l/ noun the attention by activating their bleeper – an level of a video signal that represents electronic device that emits one or more absolutely no light, i.e. total blackness short, high-pitched signals blacklist bleep out blacklist /blklst/ noun a list of bleep out / bli p aυt/ verb to cover an people from whom e-mails are not offensive word on a radio or television welcome on a particular account programme with a high-pitched electronic black out out /blk aυt/ verb 1. to exclude sound blimp all light from an area 2. to stop news or blimp /blmp/ noun a cover that was information about a particular subject formerly used to muffle the sound of the being made public 3. to lose radio contact, camera whirring when recording sound for example with a vessel or aircraft 4. to blind certificate bland sətfkət be unable to broadcast radio or television blind certificate / | / programmes, usually because of a strike í noun ONLINE a type of cookie that is used noun a period during which no news to track which websites a person visits by stories may be reported, imposed by a identifying their computer system, rather government or other organisation than their name blind spot black wrap bland spɒt black wrap /blk rp/ noun black, blind spot / / noun a place reflective heat-resistant foil used to black where radio reception is poor, even out or direct light though it is within the normal range of the blanket blŋkt transmitter blanket / / noun PRINTING a blink rubber or plastic sheet around the cylinder blink /blŋk/ verb to send a signal by of a printing press, which transfers images flashing a light blinker in ink to the surface being printed on blinker /blŋkə/ noun a flashing light, blanket coverage coverage / blŋkt used as a signalling device, for example, kv(ə)rd/ noun advertising to the to indicate which way a vehicle is going to general public with no particular target turn. Blinkers were used to send coded audience in mind messages, especially between ships, to ‘More and more companies in the avoid interception of radio signals during North-East are recognising the value of World Wars I and II. blitz sending their message via taxis. It’s a blitz /blts/ noun a marketing campaign surprisingly cost-effective method of which starts at full pressure, as opposed to outdoor media advertising, achieving a gradual build-up
blob paragraph blanket coverage over a wide blob paragraph /blɒb prə$rɑ f/ geographical area.’ [The Journal] noun in newspaper terminology, a para- blasphemous /blsfəməs/ adjective graph in a newspaper that is marked with offensive because it defames the name of a bullet point
block God block /blɒk/ noun a piece of hard mate- blasphemy blasphemy /blsfəmi/ noun defama- rial with a carved image in relief, that can tion of, or irreverance towards, God be printed in ink í verb to use a block to blat /blt/, blatt noun US a tabloid print a design, especially a title on a book newspaper (slang) cover blaxploitation blksplɔteʃ ə n block capital blɒk kpt ə l blaxploitation / | ( ) / block capital / ( ) / noun a noun a style of film-making popular in the single capital letter MediaStudies.fm Page 25 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
25 boil down
block letter letter / blɒk letə/ noun a blues /blu z/ noun 1. a style of music compressed sans serif typeface or indi- that developed from African American vidual letter folk songs early in the 20th century. The block out out / blɒk aυt/ verb to mask part structure and harmony of the blues is of a photographic negative during usually uncomplicated and the music is processing, to prevent light from passing often slow and sad. 2. a piece of music in through it the style of the blues blue-screen director block printing printing / blɒk prntŋ/ noun blue-screen director / blu skri n darektə the technique of printing from carved | / noun the member of a film or blocks television production team who is respon- blog /blɒ$/ noun same as weblog sible for managing effects using chro- makey, or blue-screen, technology ‘Blogging’s conversational style and blue-screen effect blu skri n anti-establishment ethos have attracted a blue-screen effect / | growing and loyal readership. fekt/ noun same as chromakey Technorati, the internet search bluesman /blu zmən/ noun a man company, says the size of the known who plays or sings the blues blueswoman ‘blogosphere’ is about 20m blogs and blueswoman /blu zwυmən/ noun a counting.’ woman who plays or sings the blues [Kevin Allison, The Financial Times] bluesy blu zi blogger bluesy / / adjective reminiscent of blogger /blɒ$ə/ noun a person who a blues style creates or runs a weblog Bluetooth blu tu θ blogging blɒ$ŋ Bluetooth / / a trade name for a blogging / / noun the act of technology that enables portable elec- creating or maintaining a weblog tronic devices such as mobile phones, to COMMENT: Blogging provides an easy connect with each other and the Internet way of maintaining an online diary or blurb news site, as new content can be easily blurb /bl& b/ noun a short piece of uploaded and also filtered and archived. complimentary text about a product, often It also makes it simple for outside written about a book on its cover contributors (visitors to the site) to submit BMIG content without prior programming BMIG abbreviation British Media knowledge. Industry Group bodkin blogosphere blɒ$ə sfə bodkin /bɒdkn/ noun a long pointed blogosphere / | / noun the parts of the World Wide Web where blog- tool used for making corrections in type- gers communicate with each other setting Bodoni blogware bɒdəυni blogware /blɒ$weə/ noun computer Bodoni / | / noun PRINTING a software that is designed to help people font or style of typeface create weblogs body /bɒdi/ noun the main part of a blonde blonde /blɒnd/ noun TV a 2,000 watt piece of text after the introductory para- halogen spotlight graph body double blow-in /bləυ n/ noun a postcard-size body double /bɒdi db(ə)l/ noun a advertising card inserted in a magazine person whose job is to substitute for a star- blow up up / bləυ p/ verb 1. to enlarge all ring actor when body, rather than facial or part of a photograph 2. to make the shots are being filmed images of a motion picture fit a larger body language language /bɒdi lŋ$wd/ gauge of film noun gestures, expressions, and move- blowup bləυ p blowup / | / noun 1. an enlarge- ments which show what somebody’s ment of all or part of a photograph or response is to a situation picture 2. a motion picture that has been ‘Body language is a strong factor. If enlarged from a smaller gauge of film, for someone isn’t making eye contact or example from 16mm to 35mm paying attention to what I’m saying, blue-eyed soul soul / blu ad səυl/ noun perhaps it’s because they don’t soul music that is performed by white understand, so now I’ll go over it again musicians or deliver it in a different way.’ [The blue-pencil / blu pensl/ verb to edit Times] a piece of writing or a film, especially in boil down down / bɔl daυn/ noun to shorten order to censor it a piece of text MediaStudies.fm Page 26 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
bold 26
bold bold /bəυld/ noun lettering with darker speakers at each end and a carrying handle thicker lines than usual í adjective refer- on top boomerang response ring to lettering with darker and thicker boomerang response /bu mərŋ í r spɒns lines than usual. Also called boldfaced | / noun a response by an audience verb to set, print, or display text in bold to a media text which is the opposite of the type ̈ also called (all senses) boldface one intended boldface boom shadow boldface /bəυldfes/ verb to make boom shadow /bu m ʃdəυ/ noun letters darker and thicker for emphasis. the accidental shadow of a boom micro- Abbreviation bf í adjective PRINTING phone cast on set boom swinger same as bold boom swinger /bu m swŋə/ noun Bollywood Bollywood /bɒliwυd/ noun a the person who controls a boom boost humorous name for India’s prolific film boost /bu st/ noun a promotion or industry, based in Bombay. Typical Bolly- advertising campaign wood films are colourful epics with big boosted sample boosted sample / bu std musical numbers. sɑ mp ə l bongs bɒŋz ( ) / noun a sample of a particular bongs / / noun the clock chimes sub-section of the population, rather than that are heard before a news broadcast the whole bonk journalism bɒŋk booster bonk journalism / booster /bu stə/ noun a radio- d& n ə lz ə m ( ) ( ) / noun journalism which frequency amplifier that strengthens weak is frivolous and more concerned with television or radio signals reporting sex scandals and titillating booth bu ð gossip than serious events (informal) booth / / noun a soundproof room bonus spot used in sound recordings or for broad- bonus spot /bəυnəs spɒt/ noun a free casting television or radio slot offered to an adver- borderless world bɔ dələs w& ld tiser as part of an advertising package borderless world / / book noun the global economy in the age of the book /bυk/ noun a publication in book Internet, which is thought to have form, such as a magazine or brochure removed all the previous barriers to inter- bookbinding bυk bandŋ bookbinding / | / noun the national trade bounce process of creating a bound book with a bounce /baυns/ verb to reflect light spine and cover from separate sheets of from a source onto a subject to make it paper and other materials less harsh bookmaker bowdlerise bookmaker /bυkmekə/ noun a bowdlerise /baυdləraz/ verb to person whose job it is to design, print or censor something by removing all bind books possibly offensive or contentious material bookmark bookmark /bυkmɑ k/ noun 1. the from it address of a website that is stored on a COMMENT: The word bowdlerise comes computer so that it can be revisited easily from Thomas Bowdler, an Englishman 2. an electronic marker that enables the who in 1818 published an edition of Shakespeare called Family Shakespeare user to return quickly to a particular place in which he omitted scenes that he in a document í verb to list a website on considered unsuitable. a computer for future reference box camera bɒks km ə rə book palette bυk plət box camera / ( ) / noun a book palette / / noun a set camera shaped like a box, with a simple of colours that is used in a particular lens, a single shutter speed and an elemen- multimedia application tary viewfinder bookstall bυkstɔ l box number bookstall / / noun a stand or box number /bɒks nmbə/ noun a stall where it is possible to buy newspa- reference number used instead of an pers, magazines or books address for mail that is delivered to a post boom boom /bu m/ noun a long, adjustable office or in answer to a newspaper adver- pole, used during filming to suspend a tisement box office microphone above what is being filmed box office /bɒks ɒfs/ noun 1. the without getting in shot office in a cinema, theatre or concert-hall boom box boom box /bu m bɒks/ noun a port- where the public can buy tickets 2. the able machine that contains a radio and income generated from ticket sales for an cassette or CD player with built-in entertainment event MediaStudies.fm Page 27 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
27 breakdancing
boy band boy band /bɔ bnd/ noun a young, ‘Indeed, Mr. Maradona, 44, is re- all-male pop group that uses backing emerging as the hottest ad pitchman in tracks to accompany their singing and Argentina. ‘‘He now personifies dancing resilience and social responsibility,’’ values advertisers are keen to associate ‘They were the biggest-selling boy band with their brands, said Horacio Castelli, since the Beatles – five likely lads who a brand image consultant.’ [Charles churned out a seemingly endless stream of hits, while pushing all the right Newbery, Advertising Age] branding buttons for a generation of young branding /brndŋ/ noun the practice females’ [Nicola Methvyn, The Mirror] of attaching distinctive associations and
B picture B picture /bi pktʃə/ noun 1. in a meanings to a product, which identify it cinema double bill, the first-shown, less and assure consumers of its quality and important film 2. a general, old-fashioned the reputation of the company producing term for any less successful film with poor it production values and usually a small COMMENT: The branding of a product budget makes an important contribution to its brace public perception and the future success brace /bres/ noun either of a pair of of other products in that line. For brackets, { }, used singly to group lines of example, a particular manufacturer of text together or as a pair in mathematical cars may wish their products to be seen formulae where parentheses and square as safe, comfortable, reliable and good for a family, so when that future models brackets have already been used. Also are designed and released they will called curly bracket already have these associations. bracket brkt brand loyalty bracket / / noun 1. an informal brand loyalty / brnd lɔəlti/ noun word for parenthesis, square bracket or the tendency of consumers to buy the brace 2. one of a pair of shallow, curved same brands they have bought before signs, ( ), used to separate words from the brand X surrounding text. Also called round brand X / brnd eks/ noun the anony- bracket, parenthesis mous brand used in television commer- Braille cials to compare with the named brand Braille /brel/ noun a writing system for visually impaired people, consisting of being advertised Bravo patterns of raised dots that are read by Bravo /brɑ vəυ/ noun an internation- touch ally recognised code word for the letter B,
Brailler Brailler /brelə/ noun a machine that used in radio communications bray can be used to type documents in Braille bray /bre/ verb PRINTING to spread ink
brains trust brains trust /brenz trst/ noun a over a printing block or type break panel of knowledgeable or respected break /brek/ noun the point at which a people who discuss topics in public, espe- word is hyphenated at the end of a line of cially on television or radio text
brainwash breakbeat brainwash /brenwɒʃ/ verb to make a breakbeat /brekbi t/ noun a type of person believe or do something such as electronic music characterised by its elec- buy a new product, as a result of tronically produced drum patterns, used constantly repeated advertising mostly in jungle, drum and bass, and brainwashing brainwashing /brenwɒʃŋ/ noun the breakbeat hard-core music break bumper process of changing a person’s attitude, break bumper /brek bmpə/ noun usually by isolating them and subjecting the technique of announcing a competi- them to intense coercion, replacing previ- tion or quiz during a programme, the ously-held beliefs with new ones answer to which is contained in the brand awareness brnd ə weənəs brand awareness / | / commercial break. The aim is to get noun a measure of how many people are viewers to pay attention to the advertise- aware of a brand, and how aware they are. ments. Also called awareness breakdancing brek dɑ nsŋ breakdancing / | / noun brand image brand image / brnd md/ noun an acrobatic style of solo dancing to rap the associations and feelings that an audi- music, typically involving spinning of the ence has of a particular brand body on the ground MediaStudies.fm Page 28 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
breaker 28
breaker breaker /brekə/ noun any device such for particular audiences. Abbreviation as a subtitle, which breaks up a solid piece BBFC of text to make it more accessible British Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting Corporation breakfast paper breakfast paper /brekfəst pepə/ / brtʃ brɔ dkɑ stŋ kɔ pəreʃ(ə)n/ noun an early edition of a daily newspaper noun full form of BBC British Business Survey breakfast television brekfəst British Business Survey / brtʃ breakfast television / bznəs s& ve telv(ə)n/ noun informal, magazine- / noun a wide-ranging style television programmes that are survey into the readership of business broadcast early in the morning magazines and the lifestyle of their break in brek n readers, used for advertising strategies. break in / / verb to interrupt Abbreviation BBS another programme to broadcast some- British Code of Advertising Practice British Code of Advertising Prac- thing such as a news flash brtʃ kəυd əv dvə tazŋ breaking news brekŋ nju z tice / | breaking news / / noun prkts/ noun same as Code of Adver- same as spot news tising Standards and Practice break up break up / brek p/ verb to start to British Film Institute Film Institute / brtʃ flm lose clear communication when using a nsttju t/ noun a body in the UK that mobile phone promotes the cultural heritage of film. It bribery bribery /brab(ə)ri/ noun the practice also produces a range of educational of offering money or other incentives to books, sponsors British film projects and persuade somebody to do something, runs festivals and the National Film especially something dishonest or illegal Theatre. Abbreviation BFI bricolage British Media Industry Group bricolage /brkəlɑ / noun the tech- British Media Industry Group nique, frequently used in postmodern art, / brtʃ mi diə ndəstri $ru p/ noun a of putting together different articles that pressure group comprising several large are already available, to create something media groups in the UK, which lobbies new against restrictions on cross-media owner- bricoleur brkəl& ship. Abbreviation BMIG bricoleur / / noun a person who British Rate and Data uses bricolage British Rate and Data / brtʃ ret bridge ən detə brd / noun a regular publication bridge / / noun 1. a passage in a which lists British newspapers and maga- song or other musical work which links zines, giving information about their two sections 2. ONLINE a connection circulation, rates, frequency and other between two local area networks brief advertising services offered bri f British Sign Language brief / / noun a short news article, British Sign Language / brtʃ san anything from a few lines to a couple of lŋ$wd/ noun a dialect of sign paragraphs long. Also called nib, filler language used primarily in the UK. Bristol board Bristol board /brst(ə)l bɔ d/ noun Abbreviation BSL fine quality lightweight cardboard that is British Sky Broadcasting Sky Broadcasting / brtʃ used in design and drawing ska brɔ dkɑ stŋ/ noun full form of British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy of Film and Tele- BSkyB brtʃ ə kdəmi əv flm broadband access vision Arts / | broadband access /brɔ dbnd ən telv(ə)n ɑ ts/ noun an organisa- kses/ noun a connection to the Internet tion in the UK that gives annual awards that allows it to remain connected while for achievements in film and television. still using phone and fax facilities on the Abbreviation BAFTA same line, as many signals can be trans- British Board of Film Censors Board of Film Censors mitted simultaneously. Compare dial-up / brtʃ bɔ d əv flm sensəz/ noun the access name for the British Board of Film Classi- broadband cable cable /brɔ dbnd fication before the 1984 Video Recording keb(ə)l/ noun a cable which allows Act broadband communications British Board of Film Classification Board of Film Classifica- broadband communications communications brtʃ bɔ d əv flm brɔ dbnd kə mju nkeʃ ə nz tion / / | | ( ) / klsfkeʃ(ə)n/ noun the Soho-based plural noun the number of different organisation that gives certificates to films communications channels which are in the UK based on how suitable they are available using broadband cable MediaStudies.fm Page 29 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
29 broadsheet broadcast /brɔ dkɑ st/ noun 1. a tele- Broadcasting Data Services Data Services vision or radio programme 2. the trans- / brɔ dkɑ stŋ detə s& vsz/ noun a mission of a radio or television company that supplies television schedule programme í verb 1. to take part in a information to listings programmes and radio or television programme 2. to magazines. Abbreviation BDS
broadcasting media transmit information or a television or broadcasting media /brɔ dkɑ stŋ radio programme mi diə/ plural noun media such as radio Broadcast Development Ltd Broadcast Development Ltd or television brɔ dkɑ st dveləpmənt lmtd Broadcasting Standards Commission / | / Broadcasting Standards noun full form of BDL brɔ dkɑ stŋ Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board Commission / Broadcasters’ Audience stndənz kə mʃ ə n | ( ) / noun the body Research Board / brɔ dkɑ stəz formerly responsible for regulating broad- ɔ diəns rs& tʃ bɔ d | / noun a body that casting standards in the UK, adjudicating provides official viewing figures for on complaints and undertaking research broadcasters, based on a panel of approx- into standards and fairness. It was formed imately 5,000 homes in the UK. Abbrevi- in 1994 by the merger of the Broadcasting ation BARB Standards Council and the Broadcasting broadcasting /brɔ dkɑ stŋ/ noun Complaints Commission, and was itself the practice of making and transmitting replaced by OFCOM under the 2003 television and radio programmes Communications Act. ı OFCOM Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union Broadcasting, Entertainment, Broadcasting Standards Council Standards Council Cinematograph and Theatre / brɔ dkɑ stŋ stndənz kaυns(ə)l/ Union noun full form of BECTU noun a body formerly responsible for Broadcasting Act 1980 Act 1980 monitoring broadcasting standards in the /brɔ dkɑ stŋ kt/ noun the act of UK, particularly in relation to the amount Parliament that set up provisions for the or sex, drugs and violence broadcast. It new Channel 4 in the UK and S4C in was merged with the Broadcasting Wales, administered by the Independent Complaints Commission in 1994 to form Broadcasting Authority the Broadcasting Standards Commission. broadcast quality Broadcasting Act 1990 Act 1990 broadcast quality / brɔ dkɑ st /brɔ dkɑ stŋ kt/ noun the act of kwɒlti/ noun a quality of video image or Parliament that proposed Channel 5 in the signal that is the same as that used by UK, and recommended a devolution of professional television stations power from the BBC by creating more ‘In what they describe as the first ever satellite radio and television channels and interactive and broadband election, they by allocating television franchises will beam broadcast quality video Broadcasting Act 1996 Act 1996 noun the act footage directly to people’s computers.’ of Parliament that removed regulations on [Richard Alleyne, The Daily Telegraph] licensing for media groups in the UK and broadsheet broadsheet /brɔ dʃi t/ noun a large- also paved the way for a greater number of size newspaper such as the Daily Tele- digital channels Broadcasting Complaints Commission graph, with the added implication that it Broadcasting Complaints covers the news in a serious, informative brɔ dkɑ stŋ kəm Commission / | way. Compare tabloid plents kə mʃ ə n | ( ) / noun the body that COMMENT: The Guardian, The Times and formerly investigated complaints about The Independent have recently changed decency and unjust treatment in broad- from the broadsheet format to smaller casting. It was merged with the Broad- formats, leaving The Daily Telegraph and casting Standards Council in 1994 to form The Financial Times as the only national the Broadcasting Standards Commission. broadsheets in the UK In most cases the Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand new format adopted by these Broadcasting Corporation of New newspapers was the tabloid format – Zealand / brɔ dkɑ stŋ kɔ pəreʃ(ə)n blurring the alleged quality distinction əv nju zi lənd/ noun until 1988, the between the two formats – but The company that had the monopoly on televi- Guardian instead adopted the Berliner format. The main reason for the change sion and radio broadcasting in New in format was to make the newspapers Zealand. It was dissolved to allow freer more portable, and this seems to have competition. Abbreviation BCNZ had the effect of increasing sales. MediaStudies.fm Page 30 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
brochure 30
brochure buffo brochure /brəυʃə/ noun a booklet or buffo /bυfəυ/ noun a male opera singer, pamphlet that contains advertising and especially a bass in a comic role bulk eraser blk rezə descriptive details of products or services bulk eraser / | / noun a brochure site brochure site /brəυʃə sat/ noun a device for wiping the contents from simple website that advertises a magnetic tape company’s products and gives contact bulk mail mail /blk mel/ noun mail, details usually advertising, that is sent by post at B roll B roll /bi rəυl/ noun the secondary reduced rates because there is a lot of it footage used in an edited sequence, such bulk rate rate /blk ret/ noun a cheap rate as scene-setting background shots, offered to advertisers who take large footage of the interviewer etc., used for amounts of advertising space cutaways. Compare A roll bullet /bυlt/ noun a printed dot placed bromide paper bromide paper /brəυmad pepə/ before a line of text to highlight it, for noun a type of light-sensitive photo- example, at the beginning of a paragraph graphic paper that is coated with a layer of or to introduce an item in a list. Also silver bromide emulsion called bullet point Bronze Lion bulleted Bronze Lion / brɒnz laən/ noun an bulleted /bυltd/ adjective referring to award given at the Cannes International a line of text such as the beginning of a Advertising Festival paragraph, or an item in a list, that is browse browse /braυz/ noun a leisurely look marked by a bullet bulletin through something such as a magazine or bulletin /bυltn/ noun a radio report newspaper, or around a shop í verb to with information on for example the look up and view websites, particularly on weather or the traffic the Internet bulletin board board /bυltn bɔ d/ noun a browser /braυzə/ noun a software website that allows members of an interest program that allows a user to browse the group to exchange e-mails, chat online World Wide Web and access software Bulletin Board System browsing bυlətn browsing /braυzŋ/ noun the activity Bulletin Board System / bɔ d sstəm of moving through sites on the Internet, a / noun a precursor to the list of files or a multimedia title in no Internet, using software that could dial up particular order a connection and upload and download brute bru t information. Abbreviation BBS brute / / noun TV a large arc lamp bullet point B-side bυlt pɔnt bi sad bullet point / / noun same B-side / / noun the less impor- as bullet tant side of a pop, rock, or jazz single, bumper bmpə which does not usually contain the title bumper / / noun a short sepa- track rating device such as a piece of music, BSkyB bi ska bi after and before a commercial break in a BSkyB / / noun a company radio or television programme operating the most popular subscription bumper sticker bmpə stkə satellite television service in the UK. Full bumper sticker / / noun an sticker put onto the bumper of a car to form British Sky Broadcasting BSL advertise a product or convey a message BSL abbreviation British Sign burden of representation of representation Language b& d ə n əv reprzenteʃ ə n / | / noun bubble ( ) ( ) bubble /bb(ə)l/ noun PRESS same as the difficulties faced by the media when balloon they use a single character to represent an bubblegum bubblegum /bb(ə)l$m/ noun a type entire social group, wishing to avoid of commercial pop music that is aimed at creating stereotypes or unwelcome asso- young teenagers and usually considered to ciations be unoriginal and banal bureau /bjυərəυ/ noun an office bucket bucket /bkt/ noun the bottom bar in a attached to a newspaper but in a different colour bar test pattern, which is usually country red burn /b& n/ verb to copy data onto a CD buddy movie buddy movie /bdi mu vi/ noun a burned-in timecode timecode / b& nd n film that focuses on the adventures and tamkəυd/ noun a timecode which is relationship of two friends included in a video signal as an image that MediaStudies.fm Page 31 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
31 byte is visible on any television or monitor. business-to-business advertising adver- Abbreviation BITC tising / bzns tə bzns dvətazŋ/ burn in burn in / b& n n/ verb to expose to noun advertising aimed at businesses and light part of an image on photographic not at households or private consumers bust paper, while protecting other areas so that bust /bst/ noun the situation when an they do not darken any further article or headline is larger than the space burst campaign allotted to it. Compare fit b& st km pen button apathy burst campaign / | / bt ə n pəθi noun a concentrated period of advertising button apathy / ( ) / noun for a product, such as before the launch of the condition of a television viewer who watches a programme purely because they a new product line. Compare drip were watching the previous programme campaign on that channel and they cannot be both- bury bury /beri/ verb 1. to release news at a ered to change channels time at which it will be given less buying service service /baŋ s& vs/ noun coverage, for example when a another an agency that buys advertising space or large important story is breaking 2. to time for its clients buy-up place important information within the buy-up /ba p/ noun MEDIA same as body of the text so that it is less noticeable chequebook journalism and loses its impact buzz track buzz track /bz trk/ noun BROAD- bush telegraph bush telegraph / bυʃ tel$rɑ f/ noun CAST same as atmosphere BW 1. a primitive method of communicating BW abbreviation PHOTOGRAPHY black- over long distances, such as by beating a and-white drum 2. a method of communicating byline /balan/ noun a credit for the information or rumours swiftly and unof- journalist who has written an article, ficially by word of mouth or other means sometimes with a photograph. Also called business business /bzns/ noun an action or sign-off series of actions that an actor includes for byte /bat/ noun the basic unit of elec- dramatic or comic effect or to fill in a tronic data storage. The size of files and of pause when nothing of interest is a computer’s memory are measured in happening on stage bytes, kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes. MediaStudies.fm Page 32 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
C
cabaret cable run cabaret /kbəre/ noun live entertain- cable run /keb(ə)l rn/ noun the route ment in a restaurant, club or bar, of a cable for broadcast equipment consisting of singing, dancing or comic cable television keb ə l tel cable television / ( ) | acts v ə n keb ə l ti vi ( ) /, cable TV / ( ) | / cable cable /keb(ə)l/ verb 1. to send a tele- noun a television service that a viewer gram 2. to supply a place with a link to a receives via a cable from a particular cable telecommunications network í station and pays for by subscription. Also noun 1. a telegram, nowadays sent abroad called cable
cache by telephone, radio or satellite, and cache /kʃ/ noun a system of storing formerly sent by submarine cable 2. TV data from visited websites in a temporary same as cable television file on a person’s computer, speeding up cable-access cable-access /keb(ə)l kses/ access to related pages adjective relating to television program- café society kfe sə saəti café society / | / noun ming that is made for and by a particular the people, particularly working in the community, as opposed to commercially media, who attend fashionable events and produced material visit fashionable restaurants, clubs and cablecast cablecast /keb(ə)lkɑ st/ noun a bars broadcast that is transmitted on a cable ‘But after a few weeks I began to tire of television network the constant round of promotional cable duct cable duct /keb(ə)l dkt/ noun a parties that fuel this bright, shiny and, of permanent channel under some sort of course, ultimately false world. It was the obstacle such as a road, through which worst excesses of café society and my cables for broadcast equipment can be run boyfriend hated it.’ [Julia Stephenson, cable modem cable modem /keb(ə)l məυdem/ The Daily Mail] Cahiers du Cinéma noun a modem that enables a computer to Cahiers du Cinéma / kae dυ connect to the Internet via a cable televi- snemɑ / noun a French film magazine sion network of the 1950s, concerned with New Wave Cable News Network Cable News Network / keb(ə)l cinema nju z netw& k/ noun full form of CNN Calcutt Committee Report on PrivacyCommittee and Related Matters 1990 Report on cable penetration keb ə l pen cable penetration / ( ) | Privacy and Related Matters 1990 treʃ(ə)n/ noun the number of homes in /klkt/ noun a report which investi- the UK that have cable television gated privacy issues and the press, recom- subscriptions mending the formation of the Broad- cable reel extension keb ə l ri l k casting Complaints Commission cable reel extension / ( ) | call stenʃən/ an extension lead that can be call /kɔ l/ verb 1. to contact a person by wound up on a reel and stored away telephone or radio 2. to give a running cable release keb ə l r li s commentary on a sports event, especially cable release / ( ) | / noun an extension cable on the shutter release a horse race callback system of a camera that is used to take callback /kɔ lbk/ noun the practice photographs without shaking the camera, of making a second or further attempt to for example on long exposures contact a person for interview, random MediaStudies.fm Page 33 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
33 campaign camera obscura km ə rə ɒb sampling etc., after the first attempt has camera obscura / ( ) | failed skjυərə/ noun the precursor of a modern caller /kɔ lə/ noun a person who gives a camera that uses a dark chamber with a running commentary on a sports event, small aperture allowing light in, which especially a horse race brings an image of an object outside into call-in /kɔ l n/ noun a telephone call focus on a facing surface cameraperson km ə rə p& sən from a radio listener or a television viewer cameraperson / ( ) | / to a talk show noun the operator of a video, film or tele- call letters letters /kɔ l letəz/ plural noun a vision camera camera-ready particular sequence of letters that a radio camera-ready /km(ə)rə redi/ station uses to identify itself when broad- adjective referring to material that is of casting good enough quality to be photographed call sheet sheet /kɔ l ʃi t/ noun a schedule of for the purpose of creating printing plates camera script the times that each actor in a film should camera script /km(ə)rə skrpt/ arrive on set for a day’s shooting noun a script which includes camera calotype /kləυtap/ noun 1. an early directions camera-shy photographic process in which a negative camera-shy /km(ə)rə ʃa/ adjective was produced on paper coated with silver referring to a subject who dislikes being iodide 2. a photograph produced by the photographed or filmed calotype process calypso kəlpsəυ ‘No Direction Home is the first-ever calypso / | / noun Caribbean film biography of this notoriously dance music that has syncopated rhythms, camera-shy figure and sees Dylan is usually improvised, and is often played granting Scorsese his first full-length by a steel band interview in 20 years.’ [Fiona Sturges, camcorder /kmkɔ də/ noun a The Independent] camera that both films and records video camerawoman km ə rə wυmən camerawoman / ( ) | / pictures cameo noun a woman who operates a video, film cameo /kmiəυ/ noun a short appear- or television camera ance by a famous actor in a film or play camerawork km ə rəw& k camera km ə rə camerawork / ( ) / noun camera / ( ) / noun 1. a device the camera techniques used in making for taking photographs by letting light films or television programmes from an image fall briefly onto sensitized cam L km el film, usually by means of a lens-and- cam L / / noun the left-hand side shutter mechanism 2. a device that of a stage or set from the camera’s point of converts images into electrical signals for view, facing towards the actors. Compare television transmission, video recording stage left camp or digital storage camp /kmp/ adjective referring to the camera angle angle /km(ə)rə ŋ$əl/ intentionally theatrical, often effeminate noun the relation between the position of behaviour supposedly characteristic of the camera and the action being filmed, homosexual men campaign kmpen for example higher, lower, closer or campaign / | / noun a coordi- further away nated attempt to persuade an audience of camera card card /km(ə)rə kɑ d/ noun something. ı advertising campaign the directions for an individual camera, Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom for Press and Broad- km pen fə pres attached to the camera for constant refer- casting Freedom / | ence throughout a film shoot ən brɔ dkɑ stŋ fri dəm/ noun a pres- camera control unit km ə rə kən camera control unit / ( ) | sure group in the UK that campaigns for trəυl ju nt/ noun a console in a televi- greater accountability of the media, sion production control room that allows particularly for the right to reply cameras on the studio floor to be Campaigncampaign for Quality Television controlled remotely. Abbreviation CCU km pen fə kwɒləti telv ə n / | | ( ) / camera lucida lucida / km(ə)rə lu sdə/ noun a campaign relaunched in 1995 that noun an instrument that allows an image maintains that the quality of television to be projected onto a surface such as a programming is being compromised as a piece of paper, so that it can be traced result of deregulation, independent MediaStudies.fm Page 34 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
campaigning journalism 34 production and the increasing number of east France and attended by stars and the channels available media campaigning journalism km Cannes International Advertising Festival campaigning journalism / | Cannes International Advertising penŋ d& nəlz(ə)m/ noun the prac- Festival / kn ntənʃ(ə)nəl tice of reporting a story from a particular dvətazŋ festvəl/ noun an annual viewpoint or promoting a cause festival held to honour the best in adver- cam R cam R / km ɑ / noun the right-hand tising, which awards the prestigious side of a stage or set from the camera’s Palme d’Or to the best production point of view, facing towards the actors. company and Gold, Silver and Bronze Compare stage right Lion awards to advertising agencies canon Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting Corpora- canon /knən/ noun 1. in aesthetic kə nediən brɔ dkɑ stŋ theory, the collection of literature from tion /| kɔ pəreʃ(ə)n/ noun the government- classical to modern times, which forms owned public service broadcaster of radio the backbone of literary culture and and television programmes in Canada. embodies all human and moral values 2. Abbreviation CBC the accepted ‘history’ of a fictional char- Canadian Press kənediən pres acter, which provides background for Canadian Press / | / their current actions noun the major multimedia news and cans knz information service for Canada. Abbrevi- cans / / plural noun a set of head- ation CP phones cap cancel kp cancel /kns(ə)l/ noun 1. a page or cap / / abbreviation capital letter CAP section of a book that needs to be replaced CAP abbreviation Committee of because it contains an error 2. a page or Advertising Practice CAP codes section of a book that is inserted to replace CAP codes / si e pi kəυdz/ plural one that was missing or one that was noun the codes of advertising standards faulty and practice which are written by the candid candid /kndd/ noun an unposed and Committee of Advertising Practice and informal photograph of a person or group enforced by the ASA capi í adjective referring to a photograph or capi abbreviation computer-assisted film that was taken without the subject personal interview knowing or having the opportunity to capital kpt ə l prepare or pose capital / ( ) / adjective referring to the form of letters used at the beginning ‘…this book, with its candid of sentences and names, for example A, B photographs of Lennon, like this one and C as distinct from a, b and c í noun with Yoko Ono and baby son Sean, is same as capital letter something different from the usual look capitalise kptəlaz at the boys with their haircuts and capitalise / / verb to write guitars.’ [The Express] or print something with an initial capital
candid camera letter or entirely in capital letters kndd km ə rə capitalism candid camera / ( ) / capitalism /kpt(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun an noun the practice of secretly filming economic system in which goods are subjects who are likely to do something owned and controlled by private individ- amusing in situations that are often stage- uals and their movements dictated by the managed for the sake of viewers’ enter- free market tainment capitalist canned kpt ə lst knd capitalist / ( ) / adjective canned / / adjective 1. referring to relating to capitalism in terms of outlook audience laughter on a television or policy programme which is dubbed in later, capital letter kpt ə l letə rather than provided by a live audience capital letter / ( ) / noun reacting to the jokes in the show 2. refer- an alphabetical letter in the larger form ring to a website that is designed used to begin sentences and names, for according to a standard template rather example A, B or C. Also called capital. than to particular specifications Abbreviation cap caps Cannes Film Festival kps Cannes Film Festival / kn flm caps / / plural noun capital letters capstan festvəl/ noun a prestigious film festival capstan /kpstən/ noun a spindle of a held annually in May in Cannes, south- tape player that keeps the tape pressed MediaStudies.fm Page 35 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
35 cast against the magnetic read/write head or carrier /kriə/ noun 1. a company that pinch roller conveys telecommunications messages 2. caption caption /kpʃən/ noun 1. a few words a high-frequency electromagnetic wave accompanying a picture or piece of that is modulated to carry a signal in radio artwork 2. a short piece of on-screen or television transmission writing which explains something that is carrier wave wave /kriə wev/ noun happening, for example the name of a BROADCAST, TELECOMS same as carrier person that is talking 3. same as subtitle carry /kri/ verb to publish or broad- capture card capture card /kptʃə kɑ d/ noun a cast an article, picture, item of news or removable device on video equipment piece of information cartel kɑ tel which receives analogue signals, which cartel / | / noun a group of compa- the computer converts to digital nies who illegally and secretly agree to fix carabiner krəbi nə the price of their products in order to carabiner / | / noun a steel coupling link for connecting equipment destroy the competition cartoon kɑ tu n securely cartoon / | / noun 1. a humorous carbon process kɑ bən prəυses or satirical drawing relating to a topical carbon process / / event and published in a newspaper or noun a method of making photographic magazine 2. a strip of drawings, some- print by soaking carbon tissue in a sensi- times with captions, that tell a short story tising solution to produce positive prints and are published in a newspaper or maga- card deck card deck /kɑ d dek/ noun a series of zine 3. an animated film, especially a small cards, advertising different products humorous one intended primarily for chil- or services, that are posted to prospective dren. Also called toon 4. a full-size customers as a pack in a plastic envelope drawing, often including a large amount cardioid microphone cardioid microphone / kɑ diɔd of detail, that is done as preparation for a makrəfəυn/ noun a microphone with a painting or other work of art cartoonish kɑ tu nʃ pick-up pattern which captures most cartoonish / | / adjective sounds in the vicinity relating to or reminiscent of an animated
card rate card rate /kɑ d ret/ noun an adver- cartoon cartridge tising charge which is based on the cartridge /kɑ trd/ noun 1. the end charges listed in a rate card, i.e. without section of the arm of a record player that any discounts holds the needle over the record 2. caret cartidge, cart a plastic box containing a /krət/ noun a symbol written on caret length of magnetic tape for recording a piece of text to show where something cascading style sheet k skedŋ cascading style sheet / | such as a letter or word should be inserted stal ʃi t caricature krkətjυə / noun a method of describing caricature / / noun a the font, spacing and colour of text within drawing, description or performance that a webpage and storing this information in exaggerates somebody’s or something’s a style sheet that can be applied to any text characteristics for humorous or satirical within the page. Abbreviation CSS effect case case /kes/ noun 1. PRINTING a compart- ‘Wright is not only something of a mentalised tray in which loose metal type genius as a writer, he is also clearly a is kept before being combined for printing good sport who has no objection to 2. one of the two kinds of printed letters of being portrayed as a hilariously camp the alphabet, either a capital or small letter and po-faced caricature gay.’ [Rebecca cassette kəset cassette / | / noun a sealed plastic Tyrell, The Daily Telegraph] box containing a length of audiotape or carnival carnival /kɑ nv(ə)l/ noun the idea of videotape for playing or recording cassette recorder kəset r kɔ də an ‘escape from reality’, in which people cassette recorder / | | / temporarily ignore the restrictions society noun a machine for transferring audio normally imposes on them and enjoy signals onto magnetic tape excess in all its forms for a short period cast /kɑ st/ noun 1. the actors or other carousel krəsel carousel / | / noun a circular performers in a drama, dance or other holder for photographic slides that turns production 2. each individual part of a through the projector so that the pictures multimedia presentation or animation. can be viewed one after the other The members of a cast can be individual MediaStudies.fm Page 36 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
casting agency 36 images, sound clips or text. í verb to electron beams fired at the screen’s phos- choose somebody for a particular role in a phorescent coating to display video drama, dance, or other performance, or pictures choose people for all the roles in a produc- Catholic Legion of Decency Legion of Decency tion / kθlk li d(ə)n əv di s(ə)nsi/ noun a casting agency agency /kɑ stŋ edənsi/ US pressure group advocating severe film noun a company which will audition and censorship from the 1930s, made up of hire actors for a particular production religious leaders from all Catholic denom- Casting Society of America Society of America inations kɑ stŋ sə saəti əv əmerkə CATV / | | / noun an CATV abbreviation TV community association of film, television and theatre antenna television CBC casting directors in the USA. Abbrevia- CBC abbreviation BROADCAST Cana- tion CSA dian Broadcasting Corporation cast off kɑ st ɒf cc cast off / / verb to estimate the cc / si si / noun a copy of an e-mail potential length of a story í castoff message sent to another recipient verb castoff /kɑ stɒf/ noun an estimate of to copy a message to another recipient, how much space a piece of text will either by using the cc line on an e-mail or occupy when it is printed in a particular by sending a photocopy font and size CC casual CC abbreviation closed captioning kuəl CCIR 601 casual / / noun a journalist si si a ɑ sks əυ wn employed on a temporary rather than a CCIR 601 / / permanent basis by a newspaper noun a recommended standard for casualisation kuəlazeʃ ə n defining digital video casualisation / | ( ) / c-clamp si klmp noun the process whereby jobs in the c-clamp / / noun the standard media industry are shifting from generally clamp used to attach lights to a studio’s full-time, long-term contracts to more lighting rig CCTV part-time or project-based appointments. CCTV abbreviation BROADCAST, TV This is seen as a double-edged sword, closed-circuit television opening up the field to free competition CCU abbreviation camera control unit based on talent, but raising concerns about CD / si di / noun a small disk on which training and specialisation of employees. data can be stored and read by a computer catalyst effect ktəlst fekt catalyst effect / | / noun or other device the process whereby coverage of an issue CD+G / si di pls di /, in the media can draw attention to it or CD+Graphics / si di pls $rfks/ present it in a particular way, which can noun a CD format that adds graphics data lead to knock-on effects for the issue to an audio disc and so can be used to store itself, such as increased funding for a song title information or display the lyrics charity catch of the song for use in karaoke /ktʃ/ verb CD-ROM catch to manage to capture CD-ROM / si di rɒm/ noun a disc somebody or something on film or tape catchline which has computer-readable data on it catchline /ktʃlan/ noun a word at CDV the top of a script that identifies an item on CDV abbreviation RECORDING, VIDEO CD-video a radio programme. Also called slug CD-video catchword si di vdiəυ catchword /ktʃw& d/ noun the first CD-video / / noun 1. a word on a page of printed text, that also machine that plays compact discs that appears in the bottom right-hand corner of store and play back video images 2. a the previous page, originally placed there compact disc that can store video images. to draw the binder’s attention to it Abbreviation CDV CE catharsis kəθɑ ss CE abbreviation ONLINE creative catharsis / | / noun the idea that exposure to emotive media products such editing Ceefax as violence on television, or a tragic play Ceefax /si fks/ a trade name for the in a theatre, is therapeutic for the audience teletext service of the BBC celebrity slebrəti and releases emotions in a harmless way celebrity / | / noun a person in cathode ray tube ray tube / kθəυd re the public eye, who audiences are inter- tju b/ noun a display device for televi- ested in finding out more about. Compare sion and computer screens which uses star MediaStudies.fm Page 37 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
37 channel ‘So if Mr and Mrs Joe Public forget to where all decisions are made in a pay for stuff they get the book thrown at company’s central office them. But if you’re a millionaire C-list centralised system system / sentrəlazd celebrity who might help sell their sstəm/ noun a system where advertising clothes and give them a bit of free and other marketing activities are run publicity – then, hey, take what you from one central marketing department want.’ centrality sentrlti [Carole Malone, The Sunday Mirror] centrality / | / noun the idea that a person is more influential because COMMENT: A celebrity may be famous for they communicate with a greater number a particular talent or skill that they have, but the fact that the are famous is often and wider range of people central machine room sentrəl mə for other reasons such as a relationship central machine room / | with another famous person or the ability ʃi n ru m/ noun in a broadcasting to ‘sell’ their personality and to appear studio, a separate room in which heavy interesting, attractive and entertaining. machinery is kept so that it does not celebrity journalism slebrəti celebrity journalism /| produce excessive heat d& n(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun journalism which centrefold /sentəfəυld/ noun 1. an is concerned with the private lives of the illustration, advertisement or feature that rich and famous stretches across the two facing pages in cell cell /sel/ noun 1. the local area covered the middle of a magazine or newspaper 2. by one of the transmitters in a mobile tele- the subject of a centrefold photograph, phone network 2. same as animation cell especially a naked or nearly-naked model cell phone sel fəυn 3. PRESS same as centre spread cell phone / / noun a mobile centre spread telephone centre spread / sentə spred/ noun 1. cellular seljυlə the single piece of paper that forms the cellular / / adjective relating to a central two pages of a magazine or news- system of cells, such as in a mobile tele- paper 2. an article that appears in the phone network middle of a newspaper or magazine to cellular radio cellular radio / seljυlə rediəυ/ noun give it prominence cert. radio frequencies which operate in cells cert. abbreviation CINEMA certificate according to position, so that if a person is certificate sətfket certificate / | / noun the rating using a radio communications system in a given to films which dictates how old a car, they will be swapped to the right person must be to see it, based on its frequency as they move through cell areas cert. celluloid content. Abbreviation seljυlɔd celluloid / / noun 1. the photo- COMMENT: In the United Kingdom, the graphic film used for making films 2. the ratings designated by the British Board of cinema as a medium or art form Film Certification are: Uc and U (suitable censor sensə for children), PG (parents may not want censor / / verb to remove or extremely young children to see it), 12 (or change any part of a play, film or publica- 12A for films which children under the tion because the content is considered age of 12 can see if accompanied by an offensive or a threat to security í noun an adult), 15 and 18 (suitable for viewers official who examines plays, films or older than the specified age), and R18 (extremely explicit content). In the United publications with a view to removing or States, the ratings designated by the banning content considered to be offen- Motion Picture Association of America sive or a threat to security are: G (suitable for all), PG, PG-13 (as censorship censorship /sensəʃp/ noun 1. the PG but with some content not suitable for children under 13), R (not suitable for practice of deciding that something or part viewers under the age of 17 unless of something may not be broadcast, accompanied by an adult), NC-17 published, distributed etc., because of its (suitable for viewers over the age of 17 content. ı pre-emptive censorship, only). punitive censorship 2. the suppression CGI / si di a/ noun special visual or attempted suppression of anything effects created by a computer. Full form regarded as objectionable Computer Generated Imagery centralised organisational structure centralised organisational struc- channel /tʃn(ə)l/ noun 1. a television ture / sentrəlazd ɔ $ənazeʃ(ə)n(ə)l or radio station which broadcasts on a strktʃə/ noun a method of organising particular band of radio frequencies 2. a international advertising and promotion band of frequencies set aside for a partic- MediaStudies.fm Page 38 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
Channel 4 38 ular purpose, such as broadcasting for a character generator generator /krktə television or radio station denəretə/ noun a device for gener- Channel 4 Channel 4 / tʃn(ə)l fɔ / noun a ating text on a screen commercial television channel in the UK charge artist artist /tʃɑ d ɑ tst/ noun the which was started in 1982 with a commit- member of a theatre production team who ment to quality wide-ranging program- is responsible for overseeing the painting ming of stage scenery according to the set Channel 5 tʃn ə l fav designer’s plans Channel 5 / ( ) / noun a charge-coupled device commercial television channel in the UK charge-coupled device / tʃɑ d kp ə ld dvas which started broadcasting in 1997 ( ) | / noun a high-speed channel capacity tʃn ə l kə semiconductor that processes the light channel capacity / ( ) | psti patterns of images into digital signals for / noun the amount of information a computer, especially in digital cameras that a communication system can carry and optical scanners channel-hop channel-hop /tʃn(ə)l hɒp/ verb to Charlie /tʃɑ li/ noun an internationally browse through different television chan- recognised code word for the letter C, nels, especially using a remote control used in radio communications device chart /tʃɑ t/ verb to appear in the charts ‘…if you are a pop kid, it will be your of best-selling recordings kind of station. [My daughter] watches it charts /tʃɑ ts/ plural noun a list of the occasionally. She channel hops and best-selling musical recordings of the last shows no loyalty to the channels. I think week or month, etc. she is representative of her age.’ chart-topping tʃɑ t tɒpŋ [Jo Whiley, The Independent] chart-topping / / adjective
channel mapping referring to a musical number or channel mapping /tʃn(ə)l mpŋ/ performer at the top of the charts of best- noun a function inside a television or selling musical recordings chase digital set-top box that allows the device chase /tʃes/ noun PRINTING a rectan- to find channels on the best frequency gular metal frame into which metal type without the need for retuning or blocks are placed as on a page, before it channel of communication of communication is printed tʃn ə l əv kə mju nkeʃ ə n chat group / ( ) | | ( ) / noun chat group /tʃt $ru p/ noun a group something such as a cable or a satellite of people who share a common interest system which is capable of transmitting and exchange messages about it online signals chat room room /tʃt ru m/ noun a website channel share channel share /tʃn(ə)l ʃeə/ noun where computer users can exchange the percentage of all viewers who are messages in real time watching a particular channel chat show show /tʃt ʃəυ/ noun a television channel-surf channel-surf /tʃn(ə)l s& f/ verb or radio show on which the host inter- same as channel-hop views celebrities chauvinism chaos theory ʃəυvnz ə m chaos theory /keɒs θəri/ noun the chauvinism / ( ) / noun idea that although many natural systems extreme pride in belonging to a group, are apparently based on rules and laws, such as ones gender or nationality, espe- they are prone to wild, seemingly random, cially when expressing disdain or hatred changes in response to the tiniest change for a rival group check call in conditions check call /tʃek kɔ l/ noun a call made
chapel chapel /tʃp(ə)l/ noun the National or visit paid by a journalist to a place such Union of Journalists’ newspaper division as a police station to see whether any news character is breaking krktə chequebook journalism character / / noun a person in a chequebook journalism /tʃekbυk book, play, or film d& n(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun the practice of character actor character actor /krktə ktə/ paying somebody for an exclusive story, noun an actor who does not generally play usually a dramatic one which will sell the lead role in productions but smaller, many copies of the newspaper and be usually humorous roles such as the hero’s prestigious for the journalist reporting it. best friend Also called buy-up MediaStudies.fm Page 39 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
39 cine-club
cherry-picker /tʃeri pkə/ noun a colour of the image, represented by the hoist used to raise lights high above the symbol ‘C’. Compare luma chromakey action when making a film at night on chromakey /krəυməki / noun a location filming technique in which a particular chiaroscuro tʃrəskjυərəυ chiaroscuro / | / noun a colour in a shot is ‘keyed out’ and term originally from art appreciation that replaced by another background. An refers to a style of lighting which creates example of this on television is in weather deep shadows and contrasts reporting, where the presenter stands in chick flick flick /tʃk flk/ noun a film that front of a chromakey screen and the is aimed at or intended to appeal primarily weather map is superimposed over it. Also to women called blue-screen effect, colour sepa- ration overlay ‘This enjoyable but meandering chrome tape picture… is a chick flick about the chrome tape /krəυm tep/ noun relationship between two sisters and magnetic recording tape coated with chro- how a crisis between them precipitates mium dioxide chrominance the discovery of some family secrets.’ chrominance /krəυmnəns/ noun the [Henry Fizherbert, The Sunday Express] part of a video signal or image which chick lit lit /tʃk lt/ noun a genre of book contains colour hue and saturation infor- which is aimed at or intended to appeal mation. Compare luminance chronology krənɒlədi primarily to women, on the same basis as chronology / | / noun the chick flicks order in which events occur, or their Chief Income Earner Income Earner / tʃi f nkm arrangement according to this order chronotope & nə/ noun a term used by advertisers to chronotope /krɒnətəυp/ noun a describe the individual in a household combination form from the Greek words who earns the highest income for ‘time’ and ‘place’, describing the Chief Shopper Shopper / tʃi f ʃɒpə/ noun a historical setting of a work such as a novel churn term used by advertisers to describe the churn /tʃ& n/ noun the rate of turnover individual in a household who does the of a company’s customers shopping for that household chillout ‘The operator has managed to reduce chillout /tʃlaυt/ noun MUSIC same as churn with its tempting discount downtempo packages in the first half of this year, chimera kamərə chimera / | / noun a box that is and will be looking to keep defections put over a harsh light to soften the effect low.’ chopsocky /tʃɒpsɒki/ noun a genre of [Jessica Ramakrishnan, World Markets excessively violent films in which martial Analysis] chutney arts such as kung fu feature prominently chutney /tʃtni/ noun a popular up- chora /kɔ rə/ noun the link between tempo style of East Indian song, usually two worlds, such as between mind and written in Hindi or English and much body, or between thoughts and feelings. influenced by calypso rhythms and This link is often described in feminist subjects cicero theory as the bridge between mother and cicero /ssərəυ/ noun a size of type child. slightly larger than the pica chorus kɔ rəs cine- chorus / / noun 1. a set of lines cine- /sni/ prefix relating to film or that are sung at least twice in the course of motion pictures a song, usually being repeated after each cineaste snest verse 2. a group of people who appear, cineaste / / noun 1. a film- sing, and sometimes dance together as a maker. Also called cinephile 2. a film unit in a performance, usually providing enthusiast cine camera backing for the principal performers 3. a cine camera /sni km(ə)rə/ noun a group of actors in ancient Greek drama camera with a moving film in it for taking who sing or speak in unison, generally moving pictures cine-club commenting on the significance of the cine-club /sni klb/ noun an inde- events that take place in the play pendent rival to conventional cinemas chroma /krəυmə/ noun the parts of an showing less mainstream and often non- image or video signal which control the fictional films MediaStudies.fm Page 40 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
cine film 40 cine film film /sni flm/ noun photographic interfering as little as possible in the film used in a cine camera, for taking scenes being filmed, usually with a small moving pictures hand-held camera. Also called direct cinema /snmə/ noun 1. a building or cinema circular room designed for people to watch films circular /s& kjυlə/ noun a message in 2. the art or business of making films 3. such as an advertisement or announce- films considered collectively 4. cinemas ment, that is distributed to a large number considered collectively of people cinema advertising snmə circulation s& kjυleʃ ə n cinema advertising / circulation / | ( ) / noun the dvətazŋ/ noun advertising using number of copies sold of each issue of a short films or still messages on cinema publication. Compare readership screens citizenship stz ə nʃp cinemagoer citizenship / ( ) / noun the snmə $əυə cinemagoer / | / noun a idea of being a participating, aware person who regularly goes to the cinema member of a community such as a state CinemaScope snməskəυp city desk CinemaScope / / noun city desk /sti desk/ noun the section the brand name for the anamorphic of a newspaper devoted to financial process which resulted in widescreen reporting pictures developed by 20th Century Fox in city editor sti edtə the 1950s city editor / / noun 1. the cinematheque newspaper editor who deals with financial cinematheque /snmətek/ noun a and commercial news 2. the newspaper small cinema with an intimate atmosphere cinematic editor in charge of local news snmtk city room cinematic / | / adjective 1. sti ru m relating to films or film-making 2. refer- city room / / noun the depart- ring to or reminiscent of the style in which ment of a newspaper that deals with local films are made news cityscape stiskep ‘What Minghella has done… is to marry cityscape / / noun a picture of his genius for arresting cinematic all or part of a city or town civil inattention sv ə l nə images with the language of traditional civil inattention / ( ) | Japanese theatre to create a truly tentʃ(ə)n/ noun a typical way that stran- spectacular production.’ [Barry gers behave, for example in the street, in Millington, Evening Standard] which they may make brief eye contact, cinematise /snmətaz/ verb to make but quickly retract it to remove the need a play, novel or other work into a film for for recognition or further contact civil society sv ə l səsaəti the cinema civil society / ( ) | / noun cinematograph snmtə$rɑ f cinematograph / | / the institutions, social relationships and noun a combined cine camera, printer and organisations that function under the rule projector now rarely used of the state but are not necessarily aligned cinematographer snmətɒ$rəfə with it cinematographer / | / clapper board noun the person who is responsible for clapper board /klpə bɔ d/ noun a lighting and cameras on a film shoot pair of hinged boards filmed at the start of cinematographie snmtɒ$rfi cinematographie / | / each take in a film to identify it, and noun a brand of French camera for clapped together to help to synchronise filming the soundtrack with the film. Also called cinematography snmətɒ$rəfi slate cinematography / | / clapper/loader noun the lighting and photography in a clapper/loader /klpə ləυdə/ noun film an assistant on the camera crew whose job cinephile /snfal/ noun same as it is to reload the cameras with film and to cineaste operate the clapper board at the start of Cinerama snrɑ mə each shot Cinerama / | / a trade name Clarendon for a method of producing widescreen Clarendon /klrəndən/ noun a style pictures developed in the 1950s, in which of boldface roman type class 3 separate projectors are used class /klɑ s/ noun 1. a social classifica- ciné-verité / sne verte/ noun a tion loosely based on the comparative genre of film in which the film-maker tries level of wealth and opportunity into which to shoot documentary-style footage while a person is born 2. JICNARS scale MediaStudies.fm Page 41 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
41 clipper chip
classification klsfkeʃ ə n click classification / | ( ) / click /klk/ verb to press and release a noun the process of putting people or key or a button on a keyboard or the things into categories such as grouping mouse í noun the act of pressing a mouse people according to their economic status button or a key on a keyboard
clicker or classifying films according to the clicker /klkə/ noun a foreman or fore- minimum age that a person must be to woman in a printing press watch it clickstream classified ads clickstream /klkstri m/ noun a classified ads /klsfad dz/, clas- record of how a user navigates around a sifieds plural noun advertisements that are grouped together in a newspaper or website, sometimes used in marketing research magazine according to their subject click through matter, usually without illustrations. click through /klk θru / noun an act Compare display ads of clicking on a banner ad or other on- classified display advertising display advertising screen advertising that takes the user klsfad dsple dvətazŋ through to the advertiser’s website / | / noun click through rate advertising that, although it is classified, click through rate /klk θru ret/ may also have individual features such as noun a method of charging an advertiser its own box border or the company logo for the display of a banner advertisement Claymation klemeʃ ə n on a website. Each time a visitor clicks on Claymation / | ( ) / a trade name for the process of creating animated a displayed advertisement which links to films from sequences of images of clay the advertiser’s main site, the advertiser is figures. The figures are moved slightly charged a fee. between each shot so that they appear to ‘The interactive banners could be move when the sequence is run at the downloaded and include hilarious, correct speed. cartoonish ads… the ad campaign clean /kli n/ adjective referring to text boasted a click-through rate 12% higher that contains relatively few mistakes or than the average.’ [Advertising Age]
client list corrections client list /klaənt lst/ noun a list of clean feed clean feed /kli n fi d/ noun 1. a video clients of an advertising agency recording without any added captions 2. a cliffhanger cliffhanger /klfhŋə/ noun an unre- sound recording without added commen- solved ending in a part of a serialised tary 3. an earpiece that a television or drama or book that leaves the audience or radio presenter uses to hear all sound apart reader eager to know what will happen from their own commentary. Also called next clean FX, mix minus climax order clean FX klamks ɔ də clean FX / kli n ef eks/ noun same as climax order / / noun a clean feed method of arranging arguments or main Clean Up TV Movement points in a narrative so that the most Clean Up TV Movement / kli n p ti vi mu vmənt important point is presented at the end. / noun formerly, a Compare anti-climax order movement dedicated to clean, moral and Clio wholesome programming, formed in 1963 Clio /kli əυ/ noun an annual award for by Mary Whitehouse excellence in package design and adver- clear /klə/ verb to release a communica- tising in print, on television and on radio clip tions link when transmissions have clip /klp/ noun an extract from a finished recording. Also called cut clipart clearing house house /klərŋ haυs/ noun clipart /klpɑ t/ noun commercially an central agency that collects and distrib- produced artwork that is available freely utes information at low cost. Many computers contain free clear scan scan /klə skn/ noun a function clipart. clipper chip that reduces the flicker seen when filming clipper chip /klpə tʃp/ noun a data- a computer monitor or television screen, encryption chip proposed in the mid- by adjusting the scan rate of the recording 1990s allowing communication by device computer that it was implanted in to be cliché /kli ʃe/ noun a phrase or word recorded and >‘spied on’. It was thought that is overused and has therefore lost its invasive and potentially insecure and was original effectiveness or power never developed. MediaStudies.fm Page 42 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
clippings 42
clippings clippings /klpŋz/ plural noun PRESS usually in a circus, who often wears an same as cuttings outlandish costume and heavy makeup cluster group clipsheet clipsheet /klpʃi t/ noun text from a cluster group /klstə $ru p/ noun in newspaper or magazine reprinted on one audience analysis, a group of people with side of plain paper and used for distribu- similar traits, lifestyle, social background tion to interested parties etc clutter clone kltə clone /kləυn/ noun an exact copy of a clutter / / noun 1. a mass of adver- digital recording, taken as back-up tising units shown together, so that any closed kləυzd single advertisement or commercial tends closed / / adjective referring to a to get lost 2. visual stimuli which distract narrative that is brought to a conclusion at a viewer or reader from the main message, the end. Compare open such as flashy advertisements on a closed-captioned closed-captioned / kləυzd webpage kpʃənd CMA / adjective referring to a broad- CMA abbreviation Community Media cast that has captions, for example for the Association hard of hearing, that can be seen if the CMCCR television set is fitted with the correct CMCCR abbreviation combined mobile central control room decoder CMCR closed captioning CMCR abbreviation colour mobile closed captioning / kləυzd kpʃənŋ control room / noun a system that transfers CMYK si em wa ke text information with a video signal so CMYK / / noun the that the text data can be decoded and standard colour model for printing in displayed at the bottom of the television which all colours are described in terms of screen. Abbreviation CC cyan, magenta, yellow and black CNN closed-circuit television si en en closed-circuit television / kləυzd CNN / / noun an international s& kt telv(ə)n/ noun a television news and broadcasting company which transmission system in which cameras was founded in 1980 and which was the transmit pictures by cable to connected first to introduce 24-hour news coverage. monitors. Surveillance systems are based Full form Cable News Network coanchor kəυŋkə on this type of transmission. coanchor / | / verb to present a closed-face lamp television or radio programme jointly closed-face lamp / kləυzd fes lmp with another presenter / noun same as spot co-anchor close down kəυ ŋkə kləυz daυn co-anchor / / noun either of close down / / verb to stop two presenters who jointly present a tele- broadcasting for the day closedown vision programme, especially a news closedown /kləυzdaυn/ noun the end programme of a period of broadcasting cobranding kəυbrndŋ cobranding / | / noun the closed text closed text / kləυzd tekst/ noun a practice of displaying two or more corpo- text which leaves very little room for free rate logos on a product or website to show interpretation of meaning. Compare open that it is a joint enterprise text cobweb site site /kɒbweb sat/ noun a close-up close-up /kləυs p/ noun a shot which website that has not been updated for a shows the whole of a person’s face, but no long period of time other part of their body. Abbreviation CU co-channel / kəυ tʃnəl/ adjective closing sentence closing sentence / kləυzŋ sentəns/ relating to a radio transmission that occu- noun the last sentence in a marketing e- pies the same frequency band as another mail which pushes the customer to take cock /kɒk/ verb to set a device or mech- action anism such as a camera shutter release, so closure closure /kləυə/ noun a situation in that it will work when it is triggered which somebody receiving a piece of code /kəυd/ noun a set of rules communication ‘closes down’ and refuses governing some form of behaviour, either to accept any more of it, usually because it rigidly enforced or used for guidance only conflicts with the receiver’s already-held Code of Advertising Standardsof and PracticeAdvertising Standards beliefs or values and Practice / kəυd əv dvətazŋ clown clown /klaυn/ noun 1. a person who stndədz ənd prkts/ noun a code behaves comically 2. a comic performer, formerly administered by the Independent MediaStudies.fm Page 43 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
43 collodian process Broadcasting Authority, which stated that (cultural, social, physical, etc.) and using advertisements should not be misleading, this to make decisions immoral or underhanded, but that they cognitive processing processing / kɒ$ntv should be ‘legal, decent, honest and prəυsesŋ/ noun the way in which a truthful’ person changes external information into COMMENT: The Code is mandatory and is patterns of thought and how these are used enforced by OFCOM. Failure to meet to form judgments or choices standards may result in an advertisement cognitive psychology psychology / kɒ$ntv being dropped, whereas failure to sakɒlədi properly vet an advertisement before | / noun a psychological move- transmission can lead to financial ment which infers people’s thought proc- penalties or even the loss of the esses from their behaviour, and believes transmitter’s broadcasting licence. that these thought processes can be Code of Programme Sponsorship of Programme Sponsorship affected by behaviour and/or changed to / kəυd əv prəυ$rm spɒnsəʃp/ noun affect behaviour. Compare behav- a rule imposed by the Independent Televi- iourism col. sion Commission (now administered by col. abbreviation PRINTING column OFCOM) stating that any programme cold media media / kəυld mi diə/ plural may be sponsored apart from news and noun media which demand a greater current affairs programmes, but that degree of interaction and interpretation product placement must not occur as a from the audience, for example television. result Compare hot media cold type COMMENT: Organisations which may not cold type /kəυld tap/ noun PRINTING sponsor programmes or are restricted in typesetting that is done without casting their sponsorship include: political bodies, tobacco companies, metal collate kəlet manufacturers of drugs available only on collate / | / verb to make sure that prescription, and betting or gaming the pages in a book are sequenced companies. correctly and completely codes of narrative kəυdz əv collateral services kə lt ə rəl codes of narrative / collateral services / | ( ) nrətv/ plural noun a set of five codes s& vsz/ plural noun agencies which used in the analysis and deconstruction of provide specialised services such as texts. ı action code, semantic code, package design, production of advertising enigma code, referential code, material or marketing research collation kəleʃ ə n symbolic code collation / | ( ) / noun 1. the tech- coffin coffin /kɒfn/ noun a frame that holds nical description of a book that includes electrotype or stereotype printing plates its bibliographical details and information co-financing kəυ fannsŋ about its physical construction 2. the co-financing / / noun a process of assembling sheets of paper in situation in which two or more film the right order, particularly the sections of studios share production costs of a film in a book before it is bound return for sharing the profits, rights etc collective representation kə cognitive behaviour kɒ$ntv b collective representation /| cognitive behaviour / | lektv reprzenteʃ ə n hevjə | ( ) / noun the / noun the category of human creation of media texts by a community behaviour associated with knowing, which reveal or represent something about reasoning and understanding. Compare its culture, history, beliefs etc. affective behaviour collectivist kəlektvst | cognitive dissonance collectivist / / adjective cognitive dissonance / kɒ$nətv referring to a culture that places an dsənəns/ noun the feeling of dissatis- emphasis on the needs and achievements faction experienced by a person who of the group rather than of the individual. cannot deal with apparently contradictory Personal achievement and assertiveness is information, for example when making considered less important than conformity buying decisions or comparing purchases to society and an ‘unselfish attitude’. Such with the claims made for them in adver- communities have a strong sense of tising family and community. Compare individ- cognitive mapping cognitive mapping / kɒ$ntv ualist mpŋ collodian process kələυdiən / noun the process of creating a collodian process /| mental ‘map’ of one’s environment prəυses/ noun an early process of MediaStudies.fm Page 44 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
colonialism 44 photography development, using collo- distributed with a newspaper, usually with dian solution to fix light-sensitive iodide a weekend issue, printed in colour and to the photography plate containing a lot of advertising colonialism kələυniəlz ə m colour temperature klə colonialism / | ( ) / noun colour temperature / in Marxist theory, a situation in which one temprtʃə/ noun the ‘warmth’ of any powerful country has taken control of the colour, as measured on the Kelvin scale economic and political systems of others, colour temperature blue temperature blue / klə which has a far-reaching impact on its temprtʃə blu / noun a gel that is cultural forms placed over an artificial light source to colonisation kɒlənazeʃ ə n colonisation / | ( ) / noun make it appear more like natural light the process of using cultural signifiers (blue-toned). Abbreviation CTB from one community to appeal to another colour temperature orange temperature orange / klə in order to sell a product temprtʃə ɒrnd/ noun a gel which is colorcast colorcast /kləkɑ st/ noun a colour placed over a natural light source to make television broadcast it appear more like artificial light (orange- colour /klə/ noun the type and amount toned). Abbreviation CTO of inks used in a printing job í adjective colour TV TV / klə ti vi / noun a televi- referring to an article or section of an sion set showing pictures in colour, which article, focusing more on descriptions, was first available in the US in 1954 impressions and subjective reporting Columbia Pictures kə lmbiə Columbia Pictures /| rather than impartial reporting of the facts pktʃəz/ noun a major film studio based colour bar colour bar /klə bɑ / noun a type of in Hollywood and formed in 1914. It has test pattern on paper or a screen, produced many popular family films consisting of vertical coloured bars including Karate Kid (1984), Men in colour correction filter klə kə colour correction filter / | Black (1997), Stuart Little (1999), rekʃ(ə)n fltə/ noun same as gel Charlie’s Angels (2000) and the colour grading grading /klə $redŋ/ noun Spiderman films (from 2002). the process of preparing film so that column /kɒləm/ noun the arrangement colours and lighting effects are uniform of newspaper copy on a page in a vertical throughout the feature, these days most strip. Abbreviation col. often done digitally column inch inch /kɒləm ntʃ/ noun the colourise /kləraz/ verb to add colour amount of printed type that would fill an to a black-and-white film area on a page one column wide and one colourist /klərst/ noun the person inch deep who does the primary and secondary ‘Posters of several of the Ashes heroes grading to a piece of film can be found in cricket magazines, the colour mobile control room mobile control room / klə England players’ thoughts fill endless məυbal kəntrəυl ru m column inches in the newspapers, and | / noun a mobile control room used for coordina- every aspect of the forthcoming Test tion on small outside broadcasts. Abbrevi- series is being dissected.’ [Jonathon ation CMCR Dyson, The Observer] columnist colour separation overlay separation overlay / klə columnist /kɒləmnst/ noun a jour- sepəreʃ ə n əυvəle | ( ) / abbreviation nalist who writes a regular feature for a CSO. Same as chromakey newspaper or magazine, usually based on colour standard standard /klə stndəd/ personal comment column rule noun one of three international standards, column rule /kɒləm ru l/ noun the NTSC, PAL and SECAM, used to blank line between columns of text describe how colour TV and video images comb filter filter /kəυm fltə/ noun an are displayed and transmitted electronic device used to separate the colour subcarrier subcarrier / klə sbkriə/ luma (Y) and chroma (C) signals from a noun the component of an analogue tele- composite video signal vision signal that transmits colour infor- combination commercial kɒmb combination commercial / | mation to the receiver neʃ ə n kə m& ʃ ə l ( ) | ( ) / noun a television colour supplement supplement /klə advertisement which combines still splmənt/ noun a magazine that is pictures with action shots MediaStudies.fm Page 45 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
45 commercial Internet exchange
combination rate kɒmbneʃ ə n commentary kɒmənt ə ri combination rate / | ( ) commentary / ( ) / noun a ret/ noun a special rate or discount for report broadcast live from an event which advertising in two or more magazines comments on what is happening, for combined mobile central control room mobile central control example at a sports match kəm band məυbal sentrəl commentary box /kɒmənt ə ri room / | commentary box ( ) kəntrəυl ru m bɒks | / noun a mobile control / noun a room from which a televi- room used for coordination on large sion or radio commentator broadcasts outside broadcasts. Abbreviation while watching an event such as a football CMCCR match commentary position comedian kəmi diən commentary position /kɒmənt(ə)ri comedian / | / noun an enter- pə zʃ ə n tainer who specialises in comedy | ( ) / noun the vantage point from comedienne kə mi dien which a commentator can watch the comedienne / | | / noun a action female entertainer who specialises in commentate kɒməntet comedy commentate / / verb to comedy kɒmədi provide personal and professional comedy / / noun 1. comic comments and opinions, either in radio or entertainment, especially plays, consid- television broadcasting or on texts ered as a literary genre 2. a genre of film commentator commentator /kɒməntetə/ noun 1. that focuses on comic characters in a journalist who analyses the news for humorous situations come in radio, television or a newspaper 2. a radio come in / km n/ verb to enter a or television broadcaster who describes discussion or reply to a radio signal and comments on events, especially come on come on / km ɒn/ verb to appear on a sporting events, as they happen commercial kəm& ʃ ə l television programme, or to begin to commercial / | ( ) / noun a radio speak on the telephone or television advertisement í adjective comic-book movie comic-book movie / kɒmk bυk referring to enterprises that use money mu vi/ noun a genre of film that is based raised from advertising commercial art kə m& ʃ ə l ɑ t on a comic strip and tries to recreate that commercial art / | ( ) / style, with strong images and cartoonish noun graphic art that is created for characters commercial reasons such as advertising comic opera comic opera / kɒmk ɒp(ə)rə/ noun a and packaging commercial break kə m& ʃ ə l genre of opera that involves humorous commercial break /| ( ) situations and characters and often, a lot brek/ noun a slot during a radio or tele- of dialogue vision programme when advertisements comic relief kɒmk rli f are broadcast / | / noun comic relief a commercial confidentiality kə comic scene or passage in an otherwise commercial confidentiality / | m& ʃ ə l kɒnfdenʃilti serious work, that provides a contrast and ( ) | / noun therefore some relaxation for a short time grounds for not allowing information to comics be published because it may damage comics /kɒmks/ plural noun the part commercial interests of a newspaper where the comic strips appear ‘Ofwat refused to be drawn on its plans, comic strip kɒmk strp saying its ability to provide more comic strip / / noun a information on individual investment sequence of drawings that tell a story or a decisions was limited by commercial joke. Also called strip cartoon confidentiality, as MPs had recognised.’ comic-strip oriented comic-strip oriented / kɒmk strp [Andrew Taylor, The Financial Times] ɔ rientd/ adjective referring to a film commercial Internet exchange kə commercial Internet exchange / | image that is oriented at right angles to the m& ʃ ə l ntənet ks tʃend ( ) | / noun a outer edge of the film multilateral agreement between Internet comix comix /kɒmks/ plural noun comics service providers to allow commercial and comic strips that are designed for traffic on the Internet adults, especially those containing nudity commercial Internet exchange laissez-faire model and obscenity kə of media communication / | commentariat kɒmənteəriət m& ʃ ə l lese feə mɒd ə l əv mi diə commentariat / | / noun ( ) ( ) kə mju nkeʃ ə n the print and broadcast journalists who | | ( ) / noun a model comment on current affairs which states that there is free trade in the MediaStudies.fm Page 46 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
commercial minutage 46 market for media texts, with each sold and exchanged under a capitalist producer having to compete against others system take on the characteristics of a for the consumer’s attention, and so the fetish, replacing some other desire or form audience are unlikely to be swayed by any of social interaction one communication. Compare mass commonality kɒmənləti commonality / | / noun all manipulative model of media commu- the things that a community have in nication common, in terms of beliefs, ideas, commercial minutage kə m& ʃ ə l commercial minutage / | ( ) cultural heritage etc. mntd common carrier / noun the number of minutes common carrier / kɒmən kriə/ over the course of a day which are used for noun a company, such as a telephone broadcasting adverts on a particular company, that provides telecommunica- channel commercial radio tions services to the general public kə m& ʃ ə l common culture commercial radio /| ( ) kɒmən kltʃə rediəυ/ noun a radio station which common culture / / broadcasts advertisements, which help to noun cultural forms that are shared pay for its programming costs between all members of a community, and commercial services kə m& ʃ ə l are one of the things which define them as commercial services / | ( ) such s& vsz/ plural noun services which common intermediate format common intermediate format support trade, for example banking and kɒmən ntəmi diət fɔ mt advertising / / noun a commercial television kəm& ʃ ə l standard for video images that displays an commercial television / | ( ) telv ə n kə image 352 pixels wide and 288 pixels high | ( ) /, commercial TV / | common sense m& ʃ ə l ti vi common sense / kɒmən sens/ noun ( ) | / noun a television station which broadcasts advertisements, which the idea that most of the sets of meanings help to pay for its programming costs attached to things can be easily under- commercial time kəm& ʃ ə l tam stood and do not need to be studied or commercial time / | ( ) / noun the amount of time that a television analysed communicate kəmju nket or radio station devotes to advertising communicate / | / verb 1. commère /kɒmeə/ noun a woman who to reveal or express a feeling, thought or introduces people as they appear on a tele- idea by words or gesture so that it is vision, radio or stage show clearly understood 2. to give or exchange commissionaire kə mʃəneə ideas or information by words or gestures | | commissionaire / / noun communication kə mju n a uniformed doorman at a cinema, hotel or communication /| | theatre keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the exchange of infor- commission rebating kəmʃ ə n mation between people, for example by commission rebating / | ( ) ri betŋ/ noun the practice by which an means of speaking, writing, or using a advertising agency may discount invoices common system of signs or behaviour 2. a for media costs sent to clients, in effect spoken or written piece of information communication network kə taking them out of its own commission or communication network /| mju nkeʃ ə n netw& k profit margin | ( ) / noun any Committee of Advertising Practice of Advertising Prac- method of communicating multiple kə mti əv dvətazŋ prkts messages between multiple people, such tice / | / noun the body which produces the codes as the Internet communication objectives kə of advertising practice which are inde- communication objectives / | mju nkeʃ ə n əb dektvz pendently administered by OFCOM | ( ) | / plural (broadcast advertising) and ASA (non- noun objectives that a company tries to broadcast advertising). Abbreviation CAP achieve through its advertising, for commoditisation of information of information example creating awareness, knowledge, kə mɒdtazeʃ ə n əv nfəmeʃ ə n / | ( ) | ( ) / images, attitudes, preferences or purchase noun the idea that information is a intentions communications kə mju n commodity that can be bought and sold, communications /| | not something which should be freely keʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun the systems used available for sending and receiving information, for commodity fetishism kəmɒdti commodity fetishism / | example postal, computer and telephone fetʃz(ə)m/ noun a Marxist theory networks í noun the study of the way which suggests that objects produced, people communicate with each other MediaStudies.fm Page 47 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
47 competence
Communications Act 2003 kə communisuasion kə mju n Communications Act 2003 / | communisuasion /| | mju nkeʃ ə nz kt | ( ) / noun the Act swe(ə)n/ noun communication that is which created the ‘super-regulator’ intended to persuade OFCOM, which replaced 5 former regula- Community Action Programmes Action Programmes tory bodies covering radio, television and kə mju nti kʃən prəυ$rmz / | / noun telecommunications in the UK. ı OFCOM a programme which centres on some COMMENT: The former regulatory bodies social issue such as crime or health care which were replaced were: the community antenna television kə community antenna television / | Broadcasting Standards Commission, mju nti n tenə telv ə n the Office of Telecommunications, the | ( ) / noun TV Radio Authority, the same as cable television Radiocommunications Agency and the Community Media Association Media Association Independent Television Commission. kə mju nti mi diə ə səυsieʃ ə n Communications Decency Act 1996 / | | ( ) / Communications Decency Act kə mju nkeʃ ə nz di sənsi noun a not-for-profit organisation in the 1996 / | ( ) kt UK which promotes access to the media / noun the Act in the US designed to for all. Abbreviation CMA prevent the transmission of pornography commutation test kɒmjυteʃ ə n commutation test / | ( ) on the Internet. The Act has been criti- test cised for being almost impossible to / noun 1. a test used in semiotics in enforce and also on the grounds that it which one symbol in a set is replaced to goes against the principle of freedom of see how it affects the ‘reading’ of the speech. others 2. a method of analysing meaning communications gap kə mju n in a text, by taking elements of meaning communications gap / | | keʃ ə nz $p and substituting them for alternatives to ( ) / noun a lack of under- see what effect this has on the whole standing because of some failure in compact camera compact camera /kɒmpkt communication, such as between different km ə rə kɒmpkt cultural groups without a common refer- ( ) /, compact / / noun ence point a small camera with a built-in lens comparative advertising communications management kəm kə comparative advertising / | communications management / | mju nkeʃ ə nz mndmənt prətv dvətazŋ/ noun advertising | ( ) / noun the process of managing communications, that compares a company’s product with so that advertising messages are sent effi- competing brands to its own advantage comparative analysis kəm ciently to people who need to receive comparative analysis / | prətv ənləss them | / noun the practice of communications satellite kə communications satellite /| carrying out analysis of the different mju nkeʃ ə nz stəlat | ( ) / noun a media available to an advertiser in order to satellite used to relay radio, telephone and decide which should be used during an television signals around the world advertising campaign compassion fatigue communication task kəmpʃ ə n kə mju n | communication task / | | compassion fatigue / ( ) fə ti $ keʃ(ə)n tɑ sk/ noun things that can be | / noun a loss or lessening of attributed to advertising, for example sympathy for the suffering of others, awareness, comprehension, conviction experienced by an audience that has been and action, following the DAGMAR over-exposed to media images of approach to setting advertising goals and suffering objectives ‘The charity Oxfam said less than 30 per communication theory kə mju n communication theory / | | cent of the UN’s original target had been keʃ(ə)n θəri/ noun the study of the pledged. There are concerns that principles and methods of communication compassion fatigue has set in after a communicative kəmju nkətv series of natural disasters, including the communicative /| / adjective relating to the transfer of infor- tsunami and Hurricane Katrina.’ [Justin mation or ideas Huggler, The Independent] compere communicology kə mnju n kɒmpeə communicology /| | compere / / noun a person who kɒlədi/ noun the study of forms of introduces people as they appear on a tele- communication vision, radio or stage show communiqué kəmju nke competence kɒmpt ə ns communiqué / | / noun an competence / ( ) / noun 1. official announcement or statement, espe- the ability to carry out a task safely and cially to the press or public efficiently 2. a person’s ability to use a MediaStudies.fm Page 48 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
competitive analysis 48 language because they understand its and the monochrome signal are combined rules, structures etc into one single signal competitive analysis composition kɒmpəzʃ ə n kəm pettv ə | competitive analysis / | | composition / ( ) / noun nləss/ noun the practice of carrying 1. the way in which objects are arranged out analysis of an industry, and the in a space, their shape, size, colour and customers and competitors within that relation to each other 2. the different industry, in order to discover how compet- target groups which make up the reader- itive an organisation, project or product is, ship of a publication or the audience of a especially by evaluating the capabilities of broadcast compositor kəmpɒztə key competitors compositor / | / noun a competitive check kəm pettv person whose job is to assemble text for competitive check / | tʃek/ noun the analysis of rival adver- printing tising levels and patterns, often conducted compressed video video / kɒmprest on the basis of data supplied by moni- vdiəυ/ noun video signals that have toring organisations been compressed to reduce the data rate compilation film kɒmpleʃ ə n required to transmit the information. compilation film / | ( ) flm/ noun a film which is put together Whereas a normal television picture is from previously shot footage transmitted at around 5090 Mbits/second, complementary kɒmplment ə ri a compressed video signal can be trans- complementary / | ( ) / mitted at around one tenth of the data rate. noun referring to colours which are compulsory heterosexuality kəm compulsory heterosexuality / | ‘opposite’ and produce a shade of grey plsəri hetərəυsekʃulti when mixed, such as green and orange or | / noun in blue and yellow feminism, the idea that homosexuality is complicity of users kəm plsti əv repressed by the prevailing ideology that complicity of users / | ju zəz says that heterosexual behaviour is the / noun the idea that the audience norm does not want to be given the full truth in computer-assisted personal interview personal news reports about difficult situations, kəm pju tə ə sstd interview / | | crises etc., which reinforces the jour- p& s(ə)nəl ntəvju / noun a face-to- nalist’s tendency to censor coverage component video face interview for research purposes in kəmpəυnənt component video / | which the interviewer reads the questions vdiəυ/ noun 1. a video signal in which from a computer and directly inputs the the colour and the light/dark portions of answers. Abbreviation capi the signal are kept separate, allowing for computer conferencing kəm computer conferencing / | easier editing without distortion. Compare pju tə kɒnf(ə)rənsŋ/ noun the prac- composite video 2. a method of trans- tice of people at distant sites, each with a mitting video information, used in profes- computer, exchanging text and graphic sional video systems, that has separate messages and participating in meetings signals for the luminance and two chromi- together nance channels to avoid interference Computer Generated Imagery composer Computer Generated Imagery kəmpəυzə composer / | / noun a creator kəm pju tə denəretd mdəri / | / or writer of music for a film score noun full form of CGI composite monitor composite monitor / kɒmpəzt computer illiterate kəm pju tə computer illiterate / | | mɒntə/ noun a colour monitor that ltərət/ adjective unable to understand receives one video signal from a graphics computer-related expressions or opera- display adapter, which is then electroni- tions cally separated inside the monitor into the computer literacy kəm pju tə computer literacy / | red, green and blue colour signals lt(ə)rəsi/ noun the understanding of the composite photograph composite photograph / kɒmpəzt basic principles of computers, related fəυtə$rɑ f/ noun an image that is made expressions and concepts, and the ability up of two or more images, for example to use computers for programming or overlapping or superimposed on each applications other computer-literate kəm pju tə computer-literate /| composite video composite video / kɒmpəzt lt(ə)rət/ adjective able to understand vdiəυ/ noun a method of transmitting a expressions relating to computers and video signal in which the colour signals how to use a computer MediaStudies.fm Page 49 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
49 connotation
conditional access kən dʃ ə n ə l ‘As internet chat and instant messaging conditional access / | ( ) ( ) increasingly become a part of life for kses/ noun the practice of encrypting China’s computer-literate youth, the use signals such as digital television channels of internet slang has grown and adoption so that they can be decoded only by of the terms has permeated all areas of people who have paid for the privilege Chinese life.’ [Robert Hughes, The conference kɒnf ə rəns Independent] conference / ( ) / noun a meeting to discuss the previous edition of computer-telephone integration computer-telephone integration a newspaper or magazine and to plan the kəm pju tə telfəυn nt$reʃ ə n / | | ( ) / forthcoming one confidence limits noun the integration of telephone and confidence limits / kɒnfd(ə)ns computer systems so that the same lmts/ plural noun the likelihood that the networks can be shared by voice and data results of a survey are true and trust- traffic Comstockery worthy, taking into account such things as Comstockery /kɒmstɒkəri/ noun the survey methods, size of sample etc practice of censoring anything that could confirmation kɒnfəmeʃən be seen as immoral or obscene in confirmation / | / noun an expression of agreement from some- published material body which reinforces the opinion, COMMENT: The word comstockery beliefs, values etc. that you already hold. comes from Anthony Comstock, a US reformer who campaigned in the late Compare disconfirmation conforming kənfɔ mŋ 1800s for stronger obscenity laws and conforming / | / noun the was behind the Comstock Law which practice of using the off-line edit of a tele- prohibited the delivery of ‘obscene, lewd or lascivious material’. vision film to make the final piece, using
conative the actual shots rather than the low-quality kəυnətv conative / / adjective of a copies message or piece of communication, conglomerate kən$lɒmərət having the function of instilling feelings conglomerate / | / noun a in the listener covertly. ı emotive, meta- large business organisation that consists lingual, phatic, poetic of a number of companies that deal with a conceal kənsi l variety of different business, manufac- conceal / | / verb to hide informa- turing, or commercial activities tion or graphics from a user, or not to congruence theory kɒn$ru əns display them congruence theory / concentrated marketing θəri/ noun the relationship between concentrated marketing kɒnsəntretd mɑ kətŋ people who either like or dislike each / /, concen- other, based on whether they are in agree- trated segmentation / kɒnsəntretd se$mənteʃ ə n ment (‘in congruence’) on other issues | ( ) / noun the promotion of and the imbalance this creates a product aimed at one particular area of conjuncture kəndŋktʃə the market conjuncture / | / noun in conceptual art kən septʃuəl ɑ t Marxist theory, the interrelation of all conceptual art / | / social factors which bring about a change noun art in which the ideas expressed by the work are more important to the piece or new movement. The factors can include than the means used to put them across the political climate, economic system or concrete music technological advances. kɒŋkri t mju zk connect concrete music / / kənekt noun a type of electronic music created by connect / | / verb to enable editing together recordings of live sounds, people and organisations in different usually including natural and mechanical places to contact each other, for example sources, and combining them with previ- by computer or telephone connection kənekʃən ously-composed musical tracks connection / | / noun a link concurrence-seeking tendency tendency such as between telephones connectivity kɒnektvti kənkυrəns si kŋ tendənsi | / | / noun the connectivity / / the ability tendency of people in a group to agree to communicate with another system or with each other piece of hardware or software, or with an condensation kɒndenseʃ ə n Internet site condensation / | ( ) / connotation kɒnəteʃ ə n noun one of the two main mechanisms by connotation / | ( ) / noun the which dreams express the subconscious, meanings implied or suggested by a word, by ‘condensing’ a number of fears into a image, phrase etc., as opposed to the small yet complex sign. ı displacement literal meaning. Compare denotation MediaStudies.fm Page 50 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
consciousness 50
consciousness kɒnʃəsnəs construction kənstrkʃən consciousness / / noun in construction / | / noun a Marxist theory, the attitudes, values and visual work of art that is a combination of beliefs that characterise a person’s self- a variety of abstract materials, and is awareness usually three-dimensional consensus kənsensəs constructivism | kənstrktvz ə m consensus / / noun a constructivism / | ( ) / shared acceptance of values, norms and noun the theory that a person’s perception beliefs, a similar outlook. Compare of reality is dependent on the language dissensus that is used to construct and interpret that consent form kənsent fɔ m consent form / | / noun a reality form giving the official consent of any consumer kənsju mə consumer / | / noun 1. the person appearing on film for that footage person who buys a product advertised, at to be broadcast, usually featuring their whom the advertising is aimed 2. a person name and signature who is exposed to a media product, i.e. the consistency kənsstənsi consistency / | / noun the audience practice of ensuring that media coverage consumer advertising kənsju mə consumer advertising / | is uniform and does not contradict itself. dvətazŋ/ noun advertising direct to The aim of this is to make the audience individual consumers, as opposed to busi- more likely to believe the coverage. nesses console console /kɒnsəυl/ noun a desk, table, consumer culture kənsju mə consumer culture / | display, or keyboard onto which the kltʃə/ noun a view of society as domi- controls of an electronic system or some nated by consumerism other machine are fixed consolidated viewing kən ‘…the rise of the ’new puritans’: young consolidated viewing /| sɒldetd vju ŋ people who have reacted against / noun all viewing, consumer culture by refusing to drink, including video recording and playback smoke, buy big brands, take cheap within 7 days of the original transmission conspiracy of silence flights, drive a fancy car or get fat.’ kən sprəsi conspiracy of silence / | [Jemima Lewis, The Independent] əv saləns / noun an agreement not to consumerisation kən sju məra consumerisation / | | broadcast a certain piece of sensitive zeʃ ə n information between those who have ( ) / noun the process by which a access to it society becomes dominated by consum- erism, caused by globalisation resulting in ‘The parents of Leo Blockley, the a much greater range and availability of Oxford University rower who died competing products during a training trip to Spain, have consumerism kənsju mərz ə m spoken of their fight to… expose a consumerism / | ( ) / conspiracy of silence surrounding noun a view of society which is overly allegations that the head coach was concerned with material goods consumer panel kənsju mə drunk.’ [Russell Jenkins, The Times] consumer panel / | conspiracy theory kənsprəsi pn(ə)l/ noun a group of consumers who conspiracy theory / | θəri/ noun a suspicion that there is a report on products they have used so that conspiracy among people in power to the manufacturers can improve them or cover up or suppress sensitive information use what the panel says about them in constellation kɒnstəleʃ ə n advertising / | / noun constellation ( ) Consumer Protection Act 1987 the ‘pattern’ caused by events of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 kən sju mə prətekʃən kt present combined with events of history / | | / noun an constituency kənsttjυənsi act of Parliament that bans the use of constituency / | / noun the readership of a newspaper. The misleading information to encourage suggestion from this term is that the polit- potential purchasers to buy consumer sovereignty kən sju mə ical views of a readership are shaped by consumer sovereignty / | the newspaper they read. sɒvrnti/ noun the view that the construct kənstrkt consumer of a media product should construct / | / verb to create something such as a theory, concept, dictate through their tastes and opinions image or media text by putting parts what is broadcast í consumer survey kən sju mə together systematically noun the idea consumer survey / | that media products are ’made’ artificially s& ve/ noun a questionnaire into the and not taken directly from nature lifestyle, habits and behaviour of a partic- MediaStudies.fm Page 51 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
51 contrastive ular group of established or potential stances or events that form the environ- consumers ment within which something exists or cont. cont. abbreviation BROADCAST takes place 3. additional information continued about a product that is considered to be contact /kɒntkt/ noun a person who helpful to customers and is shown on a provides information for a journalist website, for example, reviews by other contact print kɒntkt prnt customers displayed on the site for a contact print / / noun a particular book photographic print made by exposing a continuity kɒntnju ti negative to light directly on top of photo- continuity / | / noun 1. a sensitive paper comprehensive script that details each contacts book book /kɒntkts bυk/ noun shot or scene of a film or broadcast, a small book containing contact details of including such items as cast movements, sources, carried by a journalist props and camera positions and costume contagion effect kəntedən fekt features 2. the announcements that link contagion effect / | | / television or radio programmes 3. the noun a situation in which media coverage maintenance of smoothness in the narra- of something creates a craze or fad, for tive flow in a film or broadcast 4. the job example copycat crimes based on of making sure that the costumes, coverage of an original crime lighting, make-up etc. used in consecutive contd contd abbreviation BROADCAST scenes are the same even if the scenes are continued not shot continuously 5. commentary by a content analysis kɒntent ə content analysis / | television or radio broadcaster that fills nləss/ noun research into what is the time between the end of one broadcast by the media in order to identify programme or programme segment and and assess trends the beginning of the next 6. the process of content management management /kɒntent making sure that details of time, place, mndmənt/ noun the management of costume etc. are kept consistent from one the textual and graphical material part of a film or broadcast to another continuity editing kɒntnju ti contained on a website continuity editing / | content provider kɒntent prə edtŋ content provider / | / noun the job of editing a film to vadə/ noun 1. a media company that make sure that the details of time, place, produces material for broadcast on a costume etc. are kept consistent particular network, for example cable or throughout the entire sequence satellite distribution 2. any organisation or continuity person kɒntnju ti continuity person / | individual which provides content to be p& s(ə)n/ noun the member of a film or broadcast or published elsewhere, such as television production team who is respon- contributors to a website sible for continuity of costume, lighting, content-rich content-rich / kɒntent rtʃ/ adjective make-up etc. containing a lot of useful information continuity programme kɒnt continuity programme / | ‘As the broadband juggernaut finally nju ti prəυ$rm/ noun a marketing gathers momentum, a few content-rich programme that offers a series of products sites are coming into their own. Leading that are sent to customers at regular inter- the pack is Shockwave’s interactive vals feast of games, films, sounds and contracting company kən trktŋ pictures.’ contracting company / | [James Knight, The Sunday Times] kmp(ə)ni/ noun an independent broad- contents kɒntents casting company that sells advertising contents / / plural noun a list time at the beginning of a publication such as a contrast book, that shows how it is divided up and contrast /kɒntrɑ st/ noun 1. the effect gives the number of the first page of each created when very different things such as chapter, article or part colours, shades or textures are placed near context /kɒntekst/ noun 1. the words, or next to each other 2. the different levels phrases, or passages that come before and of brightness and darkness in a single after a particular word or passage in a image or moving image contrastive kəntrɑ stv speech or piece of writing and help to contrastive / | / adjective explain its full meaning 2. the circum- referring to the effect of a contrast, or MediaStudies.fm Page 52 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
contrasty 52 using contrasting colours, tones or mailing or advertising for different textures companies contrasty cooperative advertising kəυ contrasty /kɒntrɑ sti/ adjective refer- cooperative advertising / | ring to a sharp contrast between the ɒp(ə)rətv dvətazŋ/ noun 1. the lightest and darkest areas in a photograph practice of mailing advertising material or television or movie image from different companies in the same contributed content website kən mailing pack 2. the practice in which two contributed content website / | trbju td kɒntent websat/ noun a companies, often a producer and a distrib- website that allows visitors to add their utor, share advertising costs co-ordinating producer contributions to its content, for example, co-ordinating producer / kəυ ɔ dnetŋ prədju sə to write reviews of books that are adver- | / noun the tised on the site member of a television or film production contribution kɒntrbju ʃ ə n team who is responsible for coordinating contribution / | ( ) / noun an article or other material that is two or more producers working on related submitted for use in a publication or projects copperplate broadcast copperplate /kɒpəplet/ noun 1. a control group kəntrəυl $ru p polished copper printing plate with an control group / | / noun in research, the ‘average’ or unaffected etched or engraved design on it 2. a print made from a copperplate group against which an experimental co-producer kəυ prədjυ sə group is measured. Compare experi- co-producer / | / noun mental group in television and film production, a controlled circulation kən trəυld producer who works in tandem with other controlled circulation / | s& kjυleʃ ə n producers on the same project | ( ) / noun the circulation of co-production kəυ prədkʃ ə n a publication only to the people on a co-production / | ( ) / particular mailing list noun a film or television production controlled circulation magazine which has more than one producers, controlled circulation magazine kən trəυld s& kjυleʃ ə n m$əzi n financers etc / | ( ) | / copy kɒpi noun a magazine which is sent free to a copy / / noun 1. written information limited number of readers, and is paid for designed to be read out on the radio 2. text by the advertising it contains that will be laid out and printed on a page copy approval conventions kɒpi ə pru v ə l kənveŋʃ ə nz copy approval / | ( ) / conventions / | ( ) / plural noun the ‘rules’ that are generally under- noun the right to check and approve copy stood and accepted when producing a before it is published media work in a particular genre. For ‘The tabloids may strike deals with example, the conventions of a soap opera publicists that hand over control to the include the setting in a small community star – a practice exposed by Piers of place of work, the fact that there is Morgan, the former editor of the Daily generally one episode broadcast per day, Mirror, when he announced that he often with an omnibus at the weekend, the would no longer give copy approval to cliff-hanger ending to encourage the audi- celebrities.’ ence to watch again tomorrow, and many [Alan Ruddock, The Guardian] more. Observing these conventions makes copyboy /kɒpibɔ/ noun a person a media product more ‘mainstream’. whose job is to run errands in a newspaper convergence kənv& dəns convergence / | / noun office the ability of a single device to receive two copy brief brief /kɒpi bri f/ noun the or more different media inputs, such as a instructions from an advertiser to a copy- television which has interactive digital writer explaining the objectives of an access and can also receive radio channels advertising campaign conversion rate kənv& ʃ ə n ret copy-cat crime conversion rate / | ( ) / copy-cat crime /kɒpi kt kram/ noun the proportion of people contacted, noun a crime which mimics another crim- by mailing, advertising or e-mail inal’s ‘style’, after this has been reported marketing, who actually end up in the media copy date purchasing a particular product or service copy date /kɒpi det/ noun the date by cooperative kəυɒp ə rətv cooperative / | ( ) / noun a which an advertisement must be delivered business that organises cooperative to the media concerned MediaStudies.fm Page 53 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
53 cosmopoliteness copy desk desk /kɒpi desk/ noun a desk at nesses ‘speak’ to an audience, primarily which copy is edited for publication, espe- through advertising cially in a newspaper office Corporation for Public Broadcasting for Public Broad- copy-edit /kɒpi edt/ verb to read casting / kɔ pəreʃ(ə)n fə pblk written text and correct it for publication brɔ dkɑ stŋ/ noun an organisation in copy editor editor /kɒpi edtə/ noun a the USA which funds local broadcasters person whose job is to read and correct to produce educationally- or culturally- written texts for publication valuable programming. Abbreviation copy fitting kɒpi ftŋ CPB copy fitting / / noun the corpse kɔ ps arrangement of advertising text so it fits corpse / / verb to mess up spoken the space allowed for it lines in a script by laughing or becoming copy protection kɒpi prə tekʃən distracted copy protection / | / corr. noun a way of preventing copying from a corr. abbreviation PRESS corre- spondent copyrighted CD or DVD, such as by correlation kɒrəleʃ ə n encoding it or downgrading the quality correlation / | ( ) / noun a dramatically when copied relationship in which two or more things copyright /kɒpirat/ noun legal are mutual or complementary, or one thing is caused by another ownership of a piece of intellectual prop- correspondence kɒrspɒndəns erty, protection by law against its theft or correspondence / | / exploitation noun the process of communicating by copy tasting writing letters or messages such as e- copy tasting /kɒpi testŋ/ noun mails checking copy to select which pieces will correspondence column kɒr be published. Also called tasting correspondence column / | cor. spɒndəns kɒləm/ noun a section of a cor. abbreviation PRESS corre- newspaper or magazine where readers’ spondent core audience letters are published core audience / kɔ ɔ diəns/ noun correspondent kɒrspɒndənt correspondent / | / the percentage of viewers of a radio or noun a journalist who regularly reports television programme who watch or listen from a particular geographical area or on to the entire show from beginning to end core nations a particular topic. Abbreviation cor., core nations / kɔ neʃ(ə)nz/ plural corr. noun those nations with greater access to cosmeceutical kɒsməsju tk ə l cosmeceutical / | ( ) / information, generally those thought of as noun a product such as an antiperspirant industrial or ‘developed’ such as the USA, or anti-wrinkle cream that is marketed as the UK, Japan etc. Compare peripheral a cosmetic, but which contains biologi- nations corporate advertising cally active ingredients and should there- corporate advertising / kɔ p(ə)rət fore possibly be designated as a pharma- dvətazŋ/ noun the advertising of an ceutical organisation rather than a product corporate discount ‘…the seaweed extracts help give the corporate discount / kɔ p(ə)rət skin a toned appearance, while the dskaυnt/ noun a reduction in adver- caffeine penetrates it, enters the fat cells tising charges calculated on the basis of and helps them release their fatty the total advertising revenue from all the content – a real ‘cosmeceutical’ double brands of a company act if ever there was one.’ [Amanda corporate media media / kɔ p(ə)rət Ursell, TheSundayTimes] mi diə/ noun the mass media, with the cosmopolitanism kɒzmə cosmopolitanism /| suggestion that such forms of media are pɒltənz(ə)m/ noun 1. a situation in controlled by large corporations which a place or culture is composed of or corporate portal portal / kɔ p(ə)rət influenced by people from different coun- pɔ t(ə)l/ noun a main website that allows tries or cultures 2. in cultural theory, the access to all the information and software condition of belonging less to one state applications held by an organisation and than to many, being ‘multi-lingual’ in provides links to information from outside various cultural forms it cosmopoliteness kɒzməpə cosmopoliteness / | corporate speech speech /kɔ p(ə)rət latnəs/ noun the degree to which a spi tʃ/ noun the way in which large busi- person has contact with others outside MediaStudies.fm Page 54 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
cost efficiency 54
counterleak their own social structure and is aware of counterleak /kaυntəli k/ noun the and involved in other social situations process of anonymously revealing to a cost efficiency kɒst fʃənsi cost efficiency / | / noun reporter the fact that somebody else has the ‘value’ of an advertisement (the leaked information, which then leads to number of consumers it reaches, the the reporter suspecting a conspiracy counter-programming amount of revenue it attracts etc.) in rela- counter-programming /kaυntə tion to the cost of placing it prəυ$rmŋ/ noun the technique of cost per click-through cost per click-through / kɒst pə presenting television programmes that are klk θru / noun a method of pricing designed to appeal to the audience of online advertising, based on the principle competing programmes run during at the that the seller gets paid whenever a visitor same time counterproof clicks on an advertisement counterproof /kaυntəpru f/ noun a cost per thousand per thousand /kɒst p& second print of an engraving, taken as an θaυz(ə)nd/, cost per mille noun the impression of the first, while it was still cost of an advertisement, calculated as the wet coupon ad cost for every thousand people reached or coupon ad /ku pɒn d/ noun an the cost of a thousand impressions for a advertisement with a form attached, website which the consumer cuts out and returns cost rank cost rank /kɒst rŋk/ noun the cost to the advertiser with their name and efficiency of a particular section of the address for further information media in relation to others coups and earthquakes syndrome and earthquakes costume costume /kɒstju m/ noun clothes syndrome / ku z ənd & θkwaks worn to make a person look like some- sndrəυm/ noun the supposed Western body or something else, especially in a attitude to events in less-developed dramatic performance nations, namely that unless they involve costume designer kɒstju m d major political turmoil or a natural costume designer / | zanə/ noun the member of a television disaster they are not newsworthy court circular or film production team who is respon- court circular / kɔ t s& kjυlə/ noun a sible for designing, sourcing and main- report of the official duties of a country’s taining the actors’ costumes monarch and other members of the royal costume drama costume drama /kɒstju m drɑ mə/ family, published in a national newspaper cover noun a drama which is set in a particular cover /kvə/ verb to have the job of historical period, requiring elaborate reporting on an event or a particular class costumes and sets to create the right of events for a newspaper or a broad- effect. Also called period drama casting company í noun 1. the outer couch potato kaυtʃ pətetəυ binding of a book or magazine 2. MUSIC couch potato / | / noun a person who watches a lot of television same as cover version coverage (informal) coverage /kv(ə)rd/ noun 1. the counter counter /kaυntə/ noun PRINTING the attention that the media give to an event or hollow part of a piece of type that is not topic 2. the percentage of the public who filled with ink, for example the inside of are reached by a newspaper or radio or the letter ‘D’ television station 3. same as reach cover boy counteradvertising kaυntər cover boy /kvə bɔ/ noun a young counteradvertising / | dvətazŋ/ noun advertising which is man whose picture is on the cover of a aimed as a reply to a competitor’s adver- newspaper or magazine cover girl tisements cover girl /kvə $& l/ noun a young counter-argument counter-argument /kaυntər woman, especially a glamorous model, ɑ $jυmənt/ noun a response that is whose picture is on the cover of a news- opposed to the suggestion of an adver- paper or magazine cover lines tising message cover lines /kvə lanz/ plural noun counterculture kaυntə kltʃə short phrases on the cover of a magazine counterculture / | / noun the cultural networks such as the describing major articles inside. Also music scene, drug use, communal called teasers mentality etc. which sprang up in opposi- covermount /kvəmaυnt/ noun an tion to post-Vietnam War America item fixed to the cover of a magazine as a MediaStudies.fm Page 55 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
55 critical pluralism
creative director kri etv da gift to the reader, for example a diary or a creative director / | | lipstick rektə/ noun an employee of an adver- cover story story /kvə stɔ ri/ noun the tising agency who is in overall charge of most important article in a magazine, that finding the right words and images to is featured on the front cover promote the product during an advertising cover version version /kvə v& ʃ(ə)n/ noun campaign creative editing kri etv edtŋ a new recording of a song by a different creative editing / | / artist from the one that originally recorded noun the process of editing pieces it. Also called cover together to create a sequence, effect etc., cowboy /kaυbɔ/ noun a typical male rather than to tidy up or shorten an character in stories and films about the existing piece. Abbreviation CE creative shop kri etv ʃɒp western United States in the late 1800s, creative shop / | /, crea- kri etv bu ti k who is usually a cattle herder, but who is tive boutique / | | / noun a often shown fighting Native Americans or highly specialised business offering crea- outlaws tive customer advertising services cowgirl /kaυ$& l/ noun a typical credit /kredt/ noun text that names the female character in stories and films about photographer or illustrator when their the western United States in the late work is used 1800s, who is often involved in the same credit line line /kredt lan/ noun a adventures as cowboys published acknowledgment of who wrote CP CP abbreviation PRESS Canadian something or where it was sourced from Press credit roller roller /kredt rəυlə/ noun a CPB CPB abbreviation BROADCAST Corpora- series of credits which roll from the tion for Public Broadcasting bottom to the top of a television or cinema CPT abbreviation cost per thousand screen credits crab /krb/ noun a sideways movement credits /kredts/ plural noun text at the of a camera using a moveable mounting end of a broadcast programme or film while filming giving details of the people that worked on crane /kren/ noun 1. a large movable it arm for a camera on which the cameraman crew /kru / noun the group of people and assistants can stand when filming 2. a who do technical work for a television moving platform with a long support for a programme or film production film or television camera crisis definition definition /krass crane shot shot /kren ʃɒt/ noun a film defnʃ(ə)n/ noun the theory that a crisis shot taken from a crane, creating a high is only defined as such in its media angle coverage, forcing those in authority to crash /krʃ/ verb to carry on broad- react accordingly. ı agenda-setting casting a live event for longer than critic /krtk/ noun a person, especially intended because of overruns etc. a journalist, who expresses opinions about Crawford Committee krɔ fəd kə Crawford Committee / | the quality of literary works, drama mti/ noun the committee whose 1925 productions, art exhibitions and society as recommendations for an independent, a whole public-service broadcasting body led to ‘His first Whitney show in 1975 caused the inauguration of the BBC a furore, with the public and many crawl /krɔ l/ noun the process of critics unable to appreciate his radical scrolling text across a television or motion vision. ‘One critic raged that it was a picture screen to convey information, for disgrace: pathetic, boring rubbish.’’ example programming credits or news [Claire Henry, The Financial Times] updates critical news analysis news analysis / krtk(ə)l crawler krɔ lə nju z ənləss crawler / / noun a line of text | / noun an approach to which scrolls along the screen from right analysing news coverage, its content, to left presentation, effects and degree of creative krietv neutrality creative / | / adjective relating to the conceptual or artistic side of adver- critical pluralism pluralism / krtk(ə)l tising plυərəlz(ə)m/ noun the theory that MediaStudies.fm Page 56 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
critical theory 56
cross-media advertising while there are many different ideas and cross-media advertising / krɒs value systems within society, some of mi diə dvətazŋ/ noun advertising them are powerful and some suppressed, the same product or service in several and that there is a struggle for dominance different types of media which are offered critical theory theory / krtk(ə)l θəri/ noun by a single-company media provider cross-media ownership in Marxist theory, a form of social theo- cross-media ownership / krɒs rising aimed at discovering, and mi diə əυnəʃp/ noun the situation in suggesting answers to, social problems, which one company owns different media rather than merely understanding them outlets in press, television, radio etc. criticise krtsaz cross-over criticise / / verb to judge and cross-over /krɒs əυvə/ noun a media express an opinion on the qualities of product which was made for one genre, something, especially a creative work criticism but gains popularity in another krtsz ə m cross-promotion criticism / ( ) / noun the krɒs prə cross-promotion / | process of judging and expressing opin- məυʃ ə n ions on the qualities of something, espe- ( ) / noun a process in which two cially a creative work. Also called or more advertisers of a product or service critique associate themselves with each other to critique krti k increase their profile, reach more people critique / | / verb in Marxist etc. theory, to analyse and explain the valid cross ref krɒs ref features, weaknesses and strengths of a cross ref / / noun a note refer- piece of work í noun same as criticism ring the reader to another page to continue crop krɒp the story or find a related story crop / / noun to cut down a picture to cross-reference make it the correct size for use or to cut cross-reference / krɒs ref(ə)rəns/ out unwanted parts of it noun a note to the reader of a text, that cross-border / krɒs bɔ də/ adjective tells him or her to look in another speci- referring to programmes broadcast in fied place for information crosstalk several different countries crosstalk /krɒstɑ k/ noun the crosscut /krɒskt/ noun same as unwanted noises or sounds that may come cross-cutting í verb to alternate short through on, for example telephones or sections of two or more scenes of a film to loudspeakers, when signals are trans- give the impression that the events they ferred from one channel to another crossword show are happening at the same time crossword /krɒsw& d/ noun a word cross-cutting / krɒs ktŋ/ noun 1. game in which words that are the answers repeated alternation between brief filmed to numbered clues, are entered horizon- sequences to give the impression that the tally or vertically into a correspondingly events they show are happening at the numbered grid of squares 2. cryptography krptɒ$rəfi same time the technique of running cryptography / | / noun the several different narratives simultane- act of transferring messages into code so ously and cutting between scenes from that the information can only be accessed each by the appropriate people cross fade krɒs fed crystal set cross fade / / verb 1. a way of crystal set /krstəl set/ noun a simple mixing from one image to another in early form of radio receiver that used a which one image gradually fades in as quartz crystal as a detector and had no another fades out. Also called dissolve. amplifier or loudspeaker speaker, there- Compare wipe 2. in film or television fore requiring an ear phone editing, to gradually introduce a new CSA sound or picture while causing another CSA abbreviation Casting Society of one to disappear America CSO cross-generic krɒs dənerk CSO abbreviation colour separation cross-generic / | / adjective referring to the blending of overlay C-SPAN conventions from different genres C-SPAN /si spn/ noun a US cable crosshead /krɒshed/ noun a subtitle television channel that covers politics and of one or two words, used to break up current affairs such as cultural and social chunks of text in news articles issues CSS crossing the line the line / krɒsŋ ðə lan/ CSS abbreviation cascading style noun 180º rule sheet MediaStudies.fm Page 57 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
57 culture CTB abbreviation colour temperature culture to impose values, definitions, blue opinions etc. on the general public cultural capital CTO abbreviation colour temperature cultural capital / kltʃər(ə)l orange kpt(ə)l/ noun the accumulated knowl- CU abbreviation close-up edge, accomplishments and qualifications cub reporter kb rpɔ tə that a person has, which would allow them cub reporter / | / noun a to enter a given social circle trainee reporter cultural identity kltʃ ə rəl a cue kju cultural identity / ( ) | cue / / noun 1. a written introduction dentti/ noun the way in which an indi- to a piece of audio 2. a signal given for the vidual defines themselves in terms of their next item to begin 3. a signal given cultural background and heritage through headphones to someone to begin cultural imperialism kltʃər ə l m cultural imperialism / ( ) | broadcasting í verb to get a piece of pre- pəriəlz(ə)m/ noun the belief that the recorded audio or video ready to play at globalisation of communication has been the correct time during a live broadcast cue card driven entirely by Western technological kju kɑ d cue card / / noun a card near advances, and as such constitutes a form a television camera that a presenter reads, of rule by the West over other countries. while appearing to look straight at the Also called media imperialism audience cultural intermediaries kltʃər ə l cue light cultural intermediaries / ( ) cue light /kju lat/ noun 1. a light that ntəmi dəriz | / plural noun people comes on to tell a television or radio working in advertising, design and other presenter that they should begin to speak industries, who try to tailor products to the 2. the red light on top of a television consumer according to cultural values camera that tells the cameraman or culturalism /kltʃərəlz(ə)m/ noun presenter that the camera is recording. the idea that a society can be understood Also called tally light through analysis of their cultural prod- cue sound cue sound /kju saυnd/ noun a sound ucts, such as literature, throughout history feed of what is being broadcast, that cultural materialism materialism / kltʃər(ə)l outside broadcast staff can hear, so that mətəriəlz ə m | ( ) / noun the view of they are aware of what is going on culture as being embedded in and inextri- cue vision cue vision /kju v(ə)n/ noun a cable from its material products monitor showing pictures that are being cultural memory memory / kltʃər(ə)l broadcast, so that outside broadcast staff mem(ə)ri/ noun the knowledge and are aware of what is going on experience which is accumulated from cult /klt/ adjective relating to a media being immersed in a culture and which product that is not mainstream, but defines an individual or group gathers a devoted group of enthusiastic cultural metaphor metaphor / kltʃər(ə)l followers by word of mouth metəfə/ noun an object or image which cultivation kltveʃ ə n cultivation / | ( ) / noun the is seen as representative of a culture, for slow process by which an audience is example a bonsai tree or geisha costume ‘persuaded’ to hold values, ideas, beliefs for Japan etc. that are presented to them by media cultural mode mode /kltʃər(ə)l məυd/ coverage over a period of time noun the way in which cultural works are cultivation differential klt cultivation differential / | transmitted, either orally or through liter- veʃ(ə)n dfərenʃəl/ the degree to ature which a person has been exposed to culti- cultural politics politics / kltʃər(ə)l vation and the effect that it has had on pɒltks/ noun the view of culture their views and beliefs through the filter of politics, for example, cultivation theory kltveʃ ə n cultivation theory / | ( ) the effect of governmental funding on the θəri/ noun the theory that the mass Arts media ‘cultivates’ ideas, attitudes, values cultural theory theory /kltʃ(ə)rəl θəri/ etc which are already present but have not noun analysis of the mass media and its been reinforced or widely disseminated relationship with and effect on people’s cultural apparatus kltʃər ə l pə cultural apparatus / ( ) | identities, sexuality and behaviour retəs/ noun the means by which a domi- culture /kltʃə/ noun the beliefs, nant institution such as a government uses customs, practices, characteristics and MediaStudies.fm Page 58 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
culture industries 58 social behaviour of a particular nation or cutline /ktlan/ noun a caption to a people photograph or illustration COMMENT: The notion of culture has been cut-off /kt ɒf/ noun a stance or gesture variously defined as: a common view on which avoids interpersonal communica- the world; the shared products of civilisation within a community; the codes tion, for example avoiding a person’s gaze cutout of behaviour by which people within the cutout /ktaυt/ noun the subject of an community abide; the artefacts, texts, illustration or photograph which has been symbols or activities produced by a removed from its the original background society; and a mechanism by which a community is unified and stabilised. so that it appears against a plain white culture industries background culture industries /kltʃə cut-out cut-out /kt aυt/ noun a recording sold ndəstriz/ plural noun organisations in media and the arts, which produce and at a discount because it is out-of-date and supply exceeds demand distribute cultural goods and services cut spot culture of deference cut spot /kt spɒt/ noun an edited culture of deference / kltʃə əv def ə rəns television report ( ) / noun the idea that news cut throat reporters may unconsciously censor cut throat /kt θrəυt/ noun a signal themselves, because they know that their given by a floor manager to a television coverage may not be acceptable to the presenter, telling them to finish immedi- larger organisation for which they work ately, indicated by drawing a flat hand cumulative audience across the throat in a ‘cutting’ motion cumulative audience cutting ktŋ / kju mjυlətv ɔ diəns/ noun 1. the cutting / / noun 1. the technique proportion of a target audience for a of moving from one shot to another when broadcast who have had the opportunity to editing a film 2. the process of editing a see it after a given number of advertise- text, film or recording 3. an article, photo- ments have been shown 2. same as net graph or other piece that has been cut out audience of a newspaper or other publication cutting copy cumulative readership readership cutting copy /ktŋ kɒpi/ noun a / kju mjυlətv ri dəʃp/ noun the copy of a film which is physically cut and proportion of a target audience for a publi- joined with leader tape by an editor, then cation who have had opportunity to see it copied and printed as a whole when after a given number of advertisements complete have been published cutting room room /ktŋ ru m/ noun the curly bracket bracket / k& li brkt/ noun room in which film editing is done PRINTING same as brace ‘Sadly, most of Paul’s scenes ended up cursive /k& sv/ noun a typeface which on the cutting-room floor – though he resembles handwriting in that the letters does appear on the two-disc DVD.’ are joined together [Nick Webster, The Mirror] cuttings curtain raiser raiser /k& tn rezə/ noun a cuttings /ktŋz/ plural noun story that goes before, and provides the published stories taken from newspapers, background to, another event usually filed. Also called clippings custom audience research audience research cyan /saən/ noun a deep greenish-blue kstəm ɔ diəns rs& tʃ / | / noun audi- colour that, with yellow and magenta, is ence research undertaken by a company one of the three primary subtractive with particular focus on their own prod- colours cybercafé sabə kfe ucts or services, which is often seen as cybercafé / | / noun a café less objective where people can pay to browse the cut /kt/ noun same as clip í verb to Internet í cyberfeminism sabə femnz ə m remove unwanted text interjection an cyberfeminism / | ( ) / instruction from a director to stop filming noun the study of new technology and its cutaway ktə we cutaway / | / noun a short scene effect on women’s issues inserted in between two scenes to avoid a cyber mall mall /sabə mɑ l/ noun a shop- clumsy edit. ı jump cut ping centre on the Internet that links a cut-in /kt n/ noun in a filmed homepage with a large number of online sequence, a scene that is inserted into businesses, allowing customers to collect another shot or scene purchases in a shopping cart and pay for MediaStudies.fm Page 59 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
59 cynic them all at once, for example by credit takes place, by analogy to a real, physical card space cybermarketing sabə mɑ ktŋ cybersurfer | sabə s& fə cybermarketing / / cybersurfer / | / noun a noun the use of any kind of Internet-based person who spends a lot of time browsing marketing promotion, for example on the Internet
cyberwar targeted e-mails, bulletin boards, websites cyberwar /sabəwɔ / noun the use of or sites from which the customer can electronic communications and the download files cybernetics Internet to damage an adversary’s sabənetks cybernetics / | / noun the computer-based information systems organisational and control systems in cyborg sabɔ $ networks using computers cyborg / / noun a living cyberporn sabəpɔ n organism which has been ‘enhanced’ by cyberporn / / noun material the use of robotic technology, such as with that is sexually explicit and available on a prosthetic limb the Internet or using virtual reality cyc cyberpunk sak sabəpŋk cyc / / abbreviation cyclorama cyberpunk / / noun a move- cyclorama sakləυrɑ mə ment associated with the technological cyclorama / | / noun a breakthroughs of the early 80s and their curved wall or stretched cloth backdrop in effect on the underground pop culture of a television studio, used for projecting the time lighting cyclostyle cybersales sakləυ stal cybersales /sabəselz/ plural noun cyclostyle / | / noun a the activity of trading over the Internet or duplication method, now obsolete, in the total amount sold which ink is forced through the tiny holes cybersex /sabəseks/ noun sexual of a waxed paper stencil to produce activity involving virtual reality or the multiple copies of the original design or Internet text cyc track ‘The remainder of the resource pack cyc track /sak trk/ noun the curtain comprises worksheets and games, such rail on which a cyc cloth is hung cylinder as the Face Exploitation Game, a board cylinder /slndə/ noun a rotating metal game with questions and scenario cards drum of a printing press cylinder press that prompt specific discussions, such as cylinder press /slndə pres/ noun a What is cybersex and is it legal?’ printing press in which the type is carried [Su Clark, The Times Educational on a flat bed that moves under a revolving Supplement] cylinder carrying the paper cybershopping sabə ʃɒpŋ cynic cybershopping / | / noun cynic /snk/ noun in advertising audi- the activity of buying goods and services ence classifications, a person who does over the Internet not welcome advertising and regards it as cyberspace /sabəspes/ noun the intrusive and insidious. ı acquiescent, notional space where Internet activity ambivalent, enthusiast MediaStudies.fm Page 60 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
D
D3 / di θri / noun a digital tape format light-sensitive photographic materials, that records composite video signals from which natural light is excluded DAT DA abbreviation distribution amplifier DAT abbreviation digital audio tape data DAB abbreviation Digital Audio Broad- data /detə/ noun information available casting on computer, for example letters or dabber dbə figures dabber / / noun a pad used by data acquisition printers to apply ink or colour to a surface data acquisition /detə by hand kwzʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of gathering dagger d$ə information about a subject dagger / / noun a sign (†) that is data analysis detə ə nləss used in printed texts to indicate a refer- data analysis / | / noun ence, especially to a footnote. Also called the process of extracting information and obelisk, obelus í verb to mark text with results from data database a dagger sign database /detəbes/ noun an archive DAGMAR /d$mɑ / noun a model of data stored electronically, that can be showing stages in the effect of advertising accessed and manipulated database management system on a consumer, for example awareness, database management system comprehension, conviction and action. / detəbes mndmənt sstəm/ Full form defining advertising goals noun a computer program that is specially for measured advertising results designed to organise and process the daguerreotype də$& riəυ tap information contained in a database daguerreotype /| | / database modelling noun an early forerunner of the photo- database modelling /detəbes graph, which fixed images onto a silver- mɒd(ə)lŋ/ noun the technique of using coated plate treated with mercury iodide the information from a database to create dailies /deliz/ plural noun US same as a website or to forecast trends in a market dailies database publishing rushes database publishing /detəbes daily pblʃŋ daily /deli/ noun a newspaper that is / noun the practice of publishing published every day except Sunday of information selected from a database, Dalek dɑ lek either on-line where the user pays for it on Dalek / / noun a fictional robot- a per-page inspection basis or as a CD- like alien in a metal casing and with a ROM harsh monotonous voice, from the British data capture data capture /detə kptʃə/, data science-fiction television series Dr Who detə entri dance hall dɑ ns hɔ l entry / / noun the act of dance hall / / noun a type of putting information onto a computer by electronically produced dance music with keyboarding or by scanning a disc jockey talking or rapping over data mining data mining /detə manŋ/ noun the reggae-style music dance music act of searching through large quantities dance music /dɑ ns mju zk/ noun of data to find hidden patterns, for electronic music that people dance to in example analysing the shopping habits of nightclubs a product’s customers to determine its DAR abbreviation day-after-recall advertising strategy darkroom dataport darkroom /dɑ kru m/ noun a room for dataport /detəpɔ t/ noun COMPUTING developing photographs and handling a socket, such as an infrared, parallel or MediaStudies.fm Page 61 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
61 decisive moment
serial port, that is used for data communi- dead air air /ded eə/ noun a period when cations the feed of audio and video signals unex- data protection detə prə tekʃən data protection / | / pectedly stops during a broadcast, causing noun technology, legislation etc. used to silence and a blank or frozen television prevent data being used by unauthorised screen people and thereby protecting people’s deadline /dedlan/ noun the time by privacy which copy must be submitted Data Protection Act 1984 Data Protection Act 1984 / detə dead spot spot /ded spɒt/ noun a place prətekʃ ə n kt | ( ) / noun an act of Parlia- where radio reception is poor, even ment which regulates the way in which though it is within the normal range of the personal data can be used, stored and transmitter passed on by companies, and allows indi- Dead White European MaleWhite European Male / ded viduals access to their own data records wat jυərəpi ən mel/ noun a man such datasheet datasheet /detəʃi t/ noun a docu- as a writer or philosopher, who is conven- ment available online that gives a detailed tionally regarded as important, but whose description of a product significance may have been exaggerated data word data word /detə w& d/ noun a unit of simply because he came from Europe or data storage in an electronic processing North America device, measured in bits dead zone zone /ded zəυn/ noun an area dateline dateline /detlan/ noun the day on where mobile phone networks do not which a story coming in from abroad was operate filed ‘Rural England hasn’t quite caught up DATV DATV abbreviation TV digitally with the technological revolution. Vast assisted television tracts have no access to broadband Da Vinci d vntʃi Internet, are in mobile phone dead zones Da Vinci / / a trade name for and receive few, if any, digital radio a grading system for use in post-produc- stations.’ tion [Rory Clements, The Mail on Sunday] day-after-recall / de ɑ ftə ri kɔ l/ dealer aids day-after-recall dealer aids /di lər edz/ plural noun noun the ability of a television viewer to types of advertising material used by remember what programmes, channels shops to stimulate sales etc. they were watching the day before. dealer tie-in di lə ta n Abbreviation DAR dealer tie-in / / noun day after recall test advertising that advertises the names of day after recall test / de ɑ ftə ri kɔ l test local dealers that stock the product / noun an advertising death knock deθ nɒk research test to see how much someone death knock / / noun the prac- can remember of an advertisement the day tice of breaking the news of somebody’s after it appeared or was broadcast death to the public through news coverage death metal ‘day in the life’ feature deθ met ə l ‘day in the life’ feature / de n ðə death metal / ( ) / noun a laif fi tʃə/ noun a feature that describes type of heavy metal music characterised the events of one day in the life of a by brutality and speed, growling vocals subject. Compare ‘life in the day’ and horror film iconography decentralised system di feature decentralised system /| daypart sentrəlazd sstəm daypart /depɑ t/ noun a division of / noun a system the day for programming and advertising where responsibility for marketing, adver- purposes tising and promotion lies with a product day player de pleə manager rather than a centralised depart- day player / / noun an extra ment who is only involved in the production of decipher dsafə a film for one day decipher / | / verb to succeed in DBS establishing what a word or piece of DBS abbreviation direct broadcasting writing says when it is difficult or almost by satellite impossible to read DCC DCC abbreviation RECORDING digital decisive moment d sasv decisive moment /| compact cassette məυmənt/ noun the exact moment when DCD DCD abbreviation RECORDING digital a photographer presses the shutter release compact disc button and captures a shot MediaStudies.fm Page 62 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
deck 62 deck /dek/ noun a part of a newspaper personally and that it will not be headline that summarises the story published ‘until another foreign decks /deks/ noun same as turntables secretary occupies that chair’. ‘Deep decode di kəυd throats inside the Foreign Office tell me decode / | / verb to receive an so,’ he adds.’ [Julian Glover and Ewen encoded signal and understand (or appear MacAskill, The Guardian]
to understand) the message it is carrying defamation decoder defəmeʃ ə n di kəυdə defamation / | ( ) / noun a decoder / | / noun 1. a device for unscrambling satellite signals using a statement made about a person which is untrue and is harmful to their reputation in decoder card, obtained by paying a ı subscription 2. same as receiver some way. libel, slander defamiliarisation decoding di fəmləra dikəυdŋ defamiliarisation / | decoding / | / noun the process zeʃ ə n of interpreting the meanings in a text or ( ) / noun same as estrangement defensive communication d other media product defensive communication /| deconstruction fensv kə mju nkeʃ ə n di kənstrkʃ ə n | | ( ) / noun deconstruction / | ( ) / noun the act of analysing a media text to communication in which the recipient find its component signifiers and how they deliberately misreads or rejects the affect the meaning of one other intended message because of its disso- décor dekɔ nance with their own values, beliefs etc. décor / / noun the scenery of a definition defnʃ ə n stage definition / | ( ) / noun the dedicate degree of clarity an image in a photograph dedicate /dedket/ verb to play a or on a screen has piece of music on the radio as a greeting defocus difəυkəs or tribute to someone defocus / | / verb to soften or dedication dedkeʃ ə n blur an image by deliberately allowing it dedication / | ( ) / noun a í piece of music that is played or requested to go out of focus noun the condition of as a greeting or tribute, especially on the being defocused, for example the blurring of a photographic image radio defog dedolights di fɒ$ dedəυ lats defog / | / verb to clear a lens of dedolights / | / plural noun small, highly-directional set lights for condensation, especially by allowing it to filming, designed by German Dedo warm up, or to lose condensation in this way Weigert del deductive reasoning d dktv del abbreviation COMPUTING, PRINTING deductive reasoning / | ri z(ə)nŋ/ noun the use of an already- delete DEL established principle to make a decision DEL /del/ noun a telephone line. Full about what to do in an individual relevant form direct exchange line delay line dle lan situation. Compare inductive reasoning delay line / | / noun a device deejay /di de/ noun a disc jockey that delays the transmission of an elec- deep-focus / di p fəυkəs/ noun a situ- tronic signal by a given interval delay system dle sstəm ation in which the depth of field in a delay system / | / noun a camera shot is very large, meaning that device that delays transmission of some- everything in the scene is in focus thing being broadcast live by a few deep structure structure / di p strktʃə/ noun seconds so that, for example, any profani- in linguistics, the idea that there is an ties can be bleeped out dele underlying organisational structure to dele /deli/ verb to mark part of a printed language, which is expressed through text for deletion í noun a mark in the grammar and word order, forming surface margin of a printed page indicating that structure something that has been highlighted Deep Throat Throat /di p θrəυt/ noun 1. the should be deleted delegitimation di lədtmeʃ ə n anonymous informant to the press during delegitimation / | ( ) / the Watergate scandal, eventually noun the process by which certain values, revealed as W. Mark Felt, the second most ideas and beliefs etc. are rejected and important official with the FBI at the time. deemed to be almost or totally unaccept- 2. any anonymous informant on a major able by the society in which they are scandal found. Compare legitimation delete dli t ‘Sir Christopher says that Jack Straw, delete / | / verb to remove some- the foreign secretary, blocked the book thing printed or written from the MediaStudies.fm Page 63 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
63 desensitisation surrounding text, or to mark it for people buy products to impress or stay on removal. Abbreviation del the same level as their neighbours deliberative listening də lbərətv demy demi deliberative listening / | demy / / adjective referring to ls(ə)nŋ/ noun the act of listening with printing paper that is 444.5 mm/17.5 in by the sole intention of deciphering the 571.5 mm/22.5 in or writing paper that is message being sent. Compare active 393.7 mm/15.5 in by 508 mm/20 in denotation di nəteʃ ə n listening denotation / | ( ) / noun the delineate dlniet delineate / | / verb to sketch or literal meaning of a word, image or phrase draw the outline of something etc., as opposed to the meanings which are delivery system dlv ə ri sstəm merely suggested or implied. Compare delivery system / | ( ) / noun the combination of hardware and connotation departmental system di pɑ t software required to play a particular departmental system / | multimedia title ment(ə)l sstəm/ noun a way of organ- Delta /deltə/ noun an internationally ising an advertising agency into depart- recognised code word for the letter D, ments such as creative, media, administra- used in radio communications tion etc. dependency theory dematerialisation dpendənsi di mətəriəla dependency theory / | dematerialisation / | θəri ze(ə)n/ noun a process in conceptual art / noun the idea that audiences are in which the thing represented (the object) dependent upon the mass media to feed them ideas, interpretations and values becomes less important and more depth interview depθ ntəvju detached from the way it is represented depth interview / / demo noun an interview with no preset ques- demo /deməυ/ noun a demonstration tions and following no fixed pattern, but recording of music produced for audition which can last a long time and allows the or promotional purposes democracy respondent time to express personal views dmɒkrəsi democracy / | / noun a and tastes system of government based on the prin- depth of field of field / depθ əv fi ld/ noun ciple of majority decision-making, repre- the distance in front of a camera within senting the rights of each and every citizen which subjects are shown in focus, which in a society. Compare autocracy demodulate can be adjusted by changing the lens aper- di mɒdjυlet demodulate / | / verb to ture decode an analogue signal into digital depth of focus of focus / depθ əv fəυkəs/ data noun the distance that a camera lens can demographic analysis demographic analysis be moved closer to or further from the demə$rfk ənləss / | / noun the film, without the image being focused on research and interpretation of data becoming unclear according to demographic principles deregulation di re$jυleʃ ə n deregulation /| | ( ) / demographics demə$rfks demographics / | / noun the relaxation of government restric- plural noun the practice of grouping tions on what the media can and cannot people according to their social character- report istics, for example gender, age, social desaturated colour di stʃəretd desaturated colour / | class, wealth, occupation etc. klə/ noun colour that is watery and less demonisation di mənazeʃ ə n demonisation / | ( ) / vivid than is usual. Compare saturated noun the act by the media of undermining colour a public figure such as a politician who is descender dsendə descender / | / noun the lower speaking out on issues which are consid- part of a lowercase letter that extends ered dangerous or unacceptable, usually below its upper half, for example on a y or by attacking them on a personal level g desensitisation di sensta ‘He is the Republican paymaster, one of desensitisation /| | the authors of the K Street Project and zeʃ(ə)n/ noun the theory that repeated the driving force behind a vicious, exposure to something shocking such as organised demonisation and attempted violence will lead an audience to be less marginalisation of Democrats…’ [Will affected by it. ı compassion fatigue Hutton, The Observer] ‘Yet, no matter how well-intentioned, demonstration effect demən demonstration effect / | the frequent broadcasting of the brutal streʃ ə n fekt ( ) | / noun the theory that images of war may bring about a MediaStudies.fm Page 64 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
desexualise 64
despatch rider dsptʃ radə progressive desensitisation and despatch rider / | / brutalisation of those viewing them.’ noun a reporter who is sent off on a [John Peacock, The Independent] motorbike to the scene when a piece of desexualise di seksjuəlaz desexualise / | / verb US news breaks, to capture the first pictures. to remove sexist features from something Abbreviation DR design audit detection dtekʃən dzan ɔ dt | design audit / | / noun the detection / / noun the act or process of checking and evaluating process of extracting information, espe- design, especially in advertising materials cially audio or video signals, from an elec- or on a website tromagnetic wave design department dzan d detector dtektə design department / | | detector / | / noun a piece of pɑ tmənt/ noun the department in a equipment which extracts information large company that designs the company’s such as audio or video signals from an products or its advertising electromagnetic wave design factor dzan fktə determination | d t& mneʃ ə n design factor / / noun determination /| | ( ) / the margin of possible error in a survey, noun a Marxist theory that the economy caused by not having used a 100% random determines or shapes the society’s ‘super- sample of the population structure’ design grid dzan $rd determiner deletion / | / noun the dt& mnə d design grid determiner deletion / | | basic form used for designing the page li ʃ(ə)n/ noun the journalistic practice of layout of a magazine omitting a determiner (‘a’ or ‘the’) when desire dzaə desire / | / noun in psychoanalysis, mentioning a person, instead using their a conscious or unconscious longing for defining, news-worthy characteristic to something or somebody ‘label’ them ć ‘LOVE cheat Jude Law has desk /desk/ noun a control panel in a desperately been pulling out all the stops radio broadcasting studio where different to salvage his rocky romance with blonde audio feeds can be mixed for transmission beauty Sienna Miller.’ (Suzanne Kerins, desk editor editor /desk edtə/ noun a Sunday Mirror, 14 August 2005) develop dveləp person whose job is to prepare text for develop / | / verb to use chemical publishing treatments to produce visible images from deskman /deskmən/ noun a man who photographic film that has previously works at a desk and edits news copy been exposed to light developer deskperson dveləpə deskperson /deskp& sən/ noun a developer / | / noun 1. a person worker at a desk, especially one who edits who works in an industry such as software copy for a newspaper production, creating new and innovative desk research desk r s& tʃ products and making more advanced tech- desk research / | / noun the process of looking for information nology available to users 2. a chemical which is in printed sources such as direc- solution used to treat photographic film tories and produce visible images. Also called desks desks developing agent desks / / noun departments within developing agent dveləpŋ developing agent /| a newspaper, for example the sports desk, edənt the City desk / noun PHOTOGRAPHY same as desktop desktɒp developer desktop / / noun the way that a development media dveləpmənt computer screen has been designed to development media / | simulate the traditional desk layout, with mi diə/ noun media companies that are tools for writing, drawing, making calcu- concerned with aid programmes lations etc. ‘National development is a matter for desktop media media / desktɒp mi diə/ the media in its entirety. Development plural noun a combination of presentation media ought to include economic graphics, desktop publishing and multi- programmes, interviews, and cultural media and social information directed by the desktop publishing publishing / desktɒp official authorities to the society.’ [BBC Monitoring International Reports pblʃŋ/ noun the use of a personal ] deviance computer and specialist software to lay deviance /di viəns/ noun social out and produce typeset-quality docu- behaviour which is considered to be unac- ments for printing ceptable within a particular society MediaStudies.fm Page 65 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
65 diazo
deviancy amplification spiral dialogics daəlɒdks deviancy amplification spiral dialogics / | / plural noun di viənsi mplfkeʃ ə n sparəl / | ( ) / in theories of structuralism and discourse, noun a situation in which coverage of a a model in which verbal utterances in a deviant event in the media makes it appear dialogue is seen as being both opinionated more common and more of a social and ideological, caught and implicated in problem than is actually the case, causing a power struggle more attention to be paid to it and more dialogist /daəlɒ$st/ noun a person people to engage in the behaviour who writes dialogue for films, television device control dvas kən trəυl device control / | | / or radio noun a tool that allows another device to dialogue /daəlɒ$/ noun conversation be controlled remotely, such as a video that takes place between characters in editing package from which it is possible fiction, such as in a film or play to control the recording camera dialogue coach coach /daəlɒ$ kəυtʃ/ devil devil /dev(ə)l/ noun a printer’s appren- noun the member of a film or television tice production team who is responsible for DG DG abbreviation BROADCAST director- helping the actors to master accents and general dialects for a role dial-up access diachronic daəkrɒnk dial-up access / daəl p kses/ diachronic / | / adjective referring to the study of something as it noun a connection to the Internet that is has changed through history. Compare not permanent but requires a modem or synchronic ISDN adapter to dial a telephone access diachronic linguistics number to connect to the Internet, as in diachronic linguistics / daəkrɒnk lŋ$wstks making a normal telephone call. Compare | / the study of language broadband access focusing on the changes that have taken diaphragm daəfrm place over its history. Compare diaphragm / / noun 1. a synchronic linguistics curved muscular membrane separates the diagonal da$ən ə l abdomen from the area around the lungs diagonal / | ( ) / noun PRINTING and is used in singing to control the same as slash breathing 2. a disc with an opening to diagram diagram /daə$rm/ verb to show or control the amount of light that is allowed demonstrate something by making a to enter a camera or other optical instru- diagram of it í noun a chart, graph or ment simplified drawing that illustrates or diary column column /daəri kɒləm/ noun a explains a point or argument column written by a journalist about their dial dial /daəl/ noun 1. a round control disc life and including pieces of gossip that that is turned with the fingers to adjust a people have told them piece of electrical or mechanical equip- diary method method /daəri meθəd/ noun a ment such as a radio 2. a panel on a radio market research method in which with a movable pointer that shows the respondents keep a regular written frequency and waveband of the station it account of the advertising they have is tuned to í verb to tune to a radio or tele- noticed, purchases they have made and vision station or programme using a dial products they have used dialect dialect /daəlekt/ noun a regional form diary piece piece /daəri pi s/ noun an of a language, usually involving small article which has been scheduled to be variations in vocabulary, grammar and covered, for example an event which has pronunciation to those of other regions happened and needs to be written up, or a dialectical montage dialectical montage / daəlektk(ə)l follow-up to a previous article. Compare mɒntɑ / noun a sequence which juxta- off-diary piece diaspora di spərə poses different scenes to highlight the diaspora / | / noun the struggle described in the theory of dialec- dispersal of communities that once lived tics together in a single location, for example dialectics daəlektks dialectics / | / noun in because of war, persecution or natural Marxist theory, the idea that change disaster diazo dazəυ comes about through the constant struggle diazo / | / noun a photograph or of opposing ideas, producing eventual photocopy made using the diazotype synthesis process. Also called dyeline MediaStudies.fm Page 66 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
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diazotype dazəυtap diazotype / | / noun a over a light to make it less bright and reproductive printing or photographic harsh process that makes use of the way diazo diffusion dfju ə n diffusion / | ( ) / noun the chan- compounds, formed from nitrogen, nels through which the idea of an innova- decompose when exposed to ultraviolet tion reaches all members of a social light community dicroic filter da krəυik fltə dig dicroic filter / | / noun a dig /d$/ verb to do deep research for a glass filter placed over a light that only journalistic piece allows light of a certain colour to pass digerati ddərɑ ti through digerati / | / plural noun Dictaphone people with expertise or professional Dictaphone /dktəfəυn/ a trade name involvement in computers, the Internet or for a small tape recorder used for dictating the World Wide Web letters or documents which can then be typed by someone playing the recording ‘…plonk the digital camera into its back ’dock’, and then plug in the A/V cables diegetic sound sound / daədetk saυnd/ that came with the camera. Stick those noun sound from a recognisable source in into the back of the TV, and voila, a piece of film, for example dialogue from instant photo slideshow. The real digerati will go one better, and load their a character. Compare non-diegetic photos onto an iPod Photo or other sound diesis dai ss digital media player.’ [Charles Arthur, diesis / / noun PRINTING same as The Independent]
double dagger digest différance dadest différance /di ferɑ ns/ noun the view digest / / noun a compilation of the concept of difference with the of articles or stories, originally from consideration that terms and meanings are different sources, edited and brought constantly shifting, and therefore together in a magazine, book or broadcast digibeta affecting and reconstructing each other digibeta /ddibi tə/ noun a type of difference /df(ə)rəns/ noun the idea videotape format digicam that meaning can be defined by what it digicam /ddikm/ noun PHOTOG- does not represent. So the verb ‘to drink’ RAPHY, COMPUTING same as digital can be defined using the differences camera
digilink between it and the verb ‘to eat’, or digilink /ddilŋk/ noun a camera that between it and any other verb or noun. transmits a digital signal to a nearby differend differend /dfərend/ noun the idea that receiver conflicts between cultural forms can not digital digital /ddt(ə)l/ adjective referring always be resolved, because of insur- to a form of transmission in which a signal mountable differences between the two differential pricing dfərenʃəl is sent in small, separate packages. differential pricing / Compare analogue prasŋ/ noun the practice of adjusting Digital Audio Broadcasting Digital Audio Broadcasting the pricing of products according to how ddt ə l ɔ diəυ brɔ dkɑ stŋ much each market can afford to pay for it / ( ) / noun the process of broadcasting using digital ‘Companies like Priceline and E-Bay recordings which give clearer sound than and major hotels and airlines are analogue recordings. Abbreviation DAB already… offering the same product at digital audio tape different prices to different customers. digital audio tape / ddt(ə)l ɔ diəυ While differential pricing had been tep/ noun a magnetic tape used in the prevalent in the traditional economy digital recording of music. Abbreviation also, the degree of differentiation was DAT digital camera not so acute and also not so digital camera / ddt(ə)l personalized.’ [Dipayan Biswas, km(ə)rə/ noun a camera that takes Journal of Business Research] pictures that are stored in digital form and diffuse dfju z diffuse / | / verb to make some- so can be viewed, manipulated and thing, especially light, less bright or printed using a computer. Also called intense, or become less bright or intense digicam diffuser dfju zə digital colour proof ddt ə l klə diffuser / | / noun tracing paper digital colour proof / ( ) or some other transparent material, fixed pru f/ noun a colour proof taken from MediaStudies.fm Page 67 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
67 digitisation digital files prior to film output at high or sion receiver. Abbreviation DTV 2. a tele- low resolution vision set specially constructed or adapted digital compact cassette compact cassette for receiving digital signals ddt ə l kɒmpkt kəset digital terrestrial broadcasting / ( ) | / noun digital terrestrial broadcasting ddt ə l tə restriəl brɔ dkɑ stŋ magnetic tape in a compact cassette box / ( ) | / that is used to store computer data or noun the policy of making all of a audio signals in a digital format. Abbrevi- country’s terrestrial television and radio ation DCC broadcasting digital, which offers greater digital compact disc compact disc / ddt(ə)l choice and quality of sound and picture, kɒmpkt dsk/ noun a form of but requires special receiving equipment digital transmission area compact disc which offers a greater digital transmission area / dt(ə)l trnzmʃ ə n eəriə storage capacity | ( ) / noun the control digital divide ddt ə l dvad digital divide / ( ) | / suite used to transmit the BBC digital noun the state of inequality that exists channels. Abbreviation DTA between people who have access to digital TV ddt ə l ti vi digital TV / ( ) | / noun a modern information technology and those television that can receive and decode who do not, since the former have many television images and audio sent as digital more opportunities open to them than the data, then displayed on a standard screen latter digital video ddt ə l vdiəυ digital imaging digital video / ( ) / ddt ə l mdŋ digital imaging / ( ) / noun the format used by small, hand-held noun photography using digital equip- video recorders which record digitally. ment, instead of the traditional exposure Abbreviation DV of an image onto light-sensitive film digital video camera ddt ə l digitally assisted television digital video camera / ( ) digitally assisted television vdiəυ km ə rə ddt ə li ə sstd telv ə n ( ) / noun a video camera / ( ) | ( ) / noun a which records digital files. Abbreviation system for reducing the bandwidth needed DVC for sending a television signal by sending digital video edit digital video edit / ddt(ə)l vdiəυ part of it through digital means. Abbrevi- edt ation DATV / noun the editing of a piece of video digitally originated graphic using digital technology digitally originated graphic digital video effects ddt ə li ə rdnetd $rfk digital video effects / ddt(ə)l / ( ) | / noun vdiəυ fekts a small stationary logo, usually used to | / noun any program which identify a channel, shown in one corner of can be used to create complex video a screen. Abbreviation DOG effects. Abbreviation DVE digital video recorder digital radio radio / ddt(ə)l rediəυ/ digital video recorder / ddt(ə)l vdiəυ r kɔ də noun radio broadcasting that is trans- | / noun a video recorder mitted in digital form, is received on a which records on an internal data storage digital receiver, provides a greater choice system, without the need for removable of stations and does not suffer from inter- videotapes. Abbreviation DVR digital zoom ference digital zoom / ddt(ə)l zu m/ noun digital recording ddt ə l r digital recording / ( ) | a zoom facility on a camera which crops kɔ dŋ/ noun sound recorded using a and enlarges an already-captured image, computerised system (as opposed to losing some quality. Compare optical analogue), which can therefore be copied zoom digitisable without loss of quality digitisable /ddtazəb(ə)l/ adjective digital retouching ddt ə l ri digital retouching / ( ) | referring to conversion into digital form ttʃŋ/ noun the process of using digital for distribution via the Internet or other technology to alter a photograph, either to networks remove imperfections or to subtly change digitisation ddtazeʃ ə n digitisation / | ( ) / noun what appears to be happening in the 1. the process of converting analogue picture, while still giving the impression signals to digital 2. the process by which that the photograph has not been altered most media forms are becoming digitised digital television television / ddt(ə)l so that they can be more readily accessed, telv(ə)n/ noun 1. television broad- reproduced with no loss of quality and casting in which the picture is transmitted stored in a permanent, non-perishable in digital form and decoded at the televi- form MediaStudies.fm Page 68 Tuesday, January 10, 2006 3:53 PM
digitise 68 ‘…digitisation of content – which has earth station via a satellite, that are made it very easy for internet pirates to received with a dish aerial steal, copy and share movies via direct broadcasting by satellitebroadcasting by satellite cyberspace – has put pressure on movie da rekt brɔ dkɑ stŋ ba stəlat / | / studios to make changes to the way they noun broadcasting in which the television distribute movies.’ [Scott Morrison, The signal is sent directly from the satellite to Financial Times] individual receiver dishes. Abbreviation digitise /ddtaz/ verb 1. to convert DBS analogue signals to digital, for example so direct cinema da rekt snmə direct cinema / | / that they can be edited using digital equip- noun same as ciné-verité ment 2. to put data into a digital form so direct democracy da rekt d direct democracy / | | that it can be stored, accessed and repro- mɒkrəsi/ noun a proposed form of duced more effectively digitising democratic government in which all citi- digitising /ddtazŋ/ noun the zens have direct input into the legislative process of burning the rushes of a film process onto the hard disk of a computer, ready for direct entry da rekt entri / | / noun the editing direct entry digizine process of entering journalism through a ddi n digizine / / noun a magazine that training course run by the publication can be accessed by computer, either on the offering the job Internet or on a CD-ROM direct exchange line da rekt ks dimmer dmə direct exchange line / | | dimmer / / noun a device that tʃend lan/ noun full form of DEL allows you to make a light brighter or direct input da rekt npυt dimmer direct input / | / noun the DIN di a en process by which copy can be transferred DIN / / noun a system of directly from the reporter’s computer to numbers used to indicate the speed of a the computer on which typesetting is photographic film done, rather than the layout being assem- dingbat dingbat /dŋbt/ noun PRINTING a bled by hand using printouts of the text typographical symbol or character other directional darekʃən ə l directional / | ( ) / adjective than a letter or numeral, for example a star able to transmit or receive sound waves, or pointing hand nuclear particles, light or radio waves DIN number DIN number / di a en nmbə/ noun more efficiently if they travel in a partic- a number that indicates the speed of a ular direction photographic film directional antenna da rekʃən ə l directional antenna / | ( ) diorama