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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,320,710 Reeves Et Al

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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,320,710 Reeves Et Al IIIS005320710A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,320,710 Reeves et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jun. 14, 1994 (54) SOFT HIGH STRENGTH TISSUE USING (56) References Cited LONG-LOW COARSENESS HESPERALOE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS FBERS 154,304 8/1874 Walker .................................. 162/99 75 Inventors: R. Heath Reeves, Appleton; Janet D. 310,753 l/1885 Walker .. ... 162/99 Plantikow, Kaukauna; Laura J. 336,376 2/1886 Belk....................................... 162/99 3,620,911 11/1971 Eklund et al. .... ... 162/91 Smith, Appleton; T. Philips Oriaran, Appleton; Anthony O. Awofeso, 5,059,282 10/1991 Ampulski et al. ... 162/ill Appleton; Gary L. Worry, Appleton, 5,102,50i 4/1992 Eber et al. .......................... 162/111 all of Wis. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: James River Corporation of Virginia, 6429 of 1883 United Kingdom .................. 162/99 Richmond, Va. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 21 Appl. No.: 135,958 Nelson et al, "A Search for New Crops: Analytical Filed: Oct. 13, 1993 Evaluations", TAPPI, vol. 49, No. 1 (Jan. 1966) pp. 22) 40-48. Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner-Peter Chin (63) Continuation of Ser. No. 8,771, Feb. 17, 1993, aban 57 ABSTRACT doned. A paper product having increased thickness, absor (51) Int. Cl. ............................................. D21H 11/12 bency, and softness without altering product strength (52) U.S. C. ...................................... 162/111; 162/91; wherein a fiber blend is provided being up to 50% soft 162/99; 162/148; 162/149 wood fibers and up to 100% Hesperaloe funifera fibers. 58 Field of Search ................... 162/91, 99, 148, 149, 162/111 10 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent June 14, 1994 Sheet 1 of 3 5,320,710 Z! XINNSN%00! --K7--- 6 U.S. Patent 5,320,710 5,320,710 1 2 narrow fibers may be superior to other species currently SOFT HIGH STRENGTH TSSUE USNG used for pulping." Surprisingly, in light of the literature LONG-LOW COARSENESS HESPERALOEFIBERS described and discussed above suggesting that these hard or cordage fibers be used for specialty papers re This is a continuation of copending application Ser. 5 quiring high strength and scruff resistance, we have No. 08/08,771 filed on Feb. 7, 1993, now abandoned. found that chemically pulped fibers derived from the leaves of the genus Hesperaloe in the family Agavaceae BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTON are especially suitable for making extremely high qual 1. Field of the Invention ity creped tissue paper having outstanding softness and The present invention relates to creped sanitary tis O drapeability coupled with extremely high strength. sues which are extremely soft, absorbent and drapeable McLaughlin and Schuck report neither fiber coarseness making them especially suitable for such products as for the fibers under considerations nor the strength of bathroom tissue, facial tissue and napkins. papers made from these fibers making predictions about 2. Description of Background Art suitability for tissue-making at least very problematic, if In the manufacture of sanitary tissue, a significant 5 not impossible. Accordingly, the present invention is challenge to the papermaker is to make tissues which directed to a creped tissue paper product having ex are not only soft, absorbent and thick but also strong. tremely high strength along with outstanding bulk, Typically, softness, absorbency, and thickness are in absorbency and softness wherein at least about 20% by versely related to strength. Several avenues are avail weight of the fiber is derived by chemical pulping from able to the papermaker for improving product quality. 20 leaves of the genus Hesperaloe, preferably Hesperaloe For example, to improve sheet absorbency and thick funifera, Preferably, the sanitary tissue paper product ness, one can use a thru air dried process as disclosed in may consist essentially of at least about 40% Hesperaloe U.S. Pat. No. 3,301,746 by Sanford and Sisson or one funifera fibers, the remainder being a fiber blend chosen can incorporate bulking fibers into the web as disclosed from the group consisting of softwoods, hardwoods, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,434,918 by Bernardin, U.S. Pat. No. 25 anfractuous (bulking) fibers and recycled fiber. 4,204,504 by Lesas et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,431,481 by Drach et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,470 by Shaw et al., and SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,324 by Awofeso et al. Bulking fibers INVENTION can take the form of mechanical pulp or other thermal The present invention provides for the use of long ly/chemically cross-linked fiber. Thicker more absor 30 low coarseness fibers derived from the leaves of the bent structures can be made using a low batting paper genus Hesperaloe, preferably Hesperaloe funifera for use making felt as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,457 by in creped tissue products to obtain extremely high prod Curran et al. uct strength without unduly sacrificing bulk, absor To improve tissue softness, several approaches are bency and softness. available to the papermaker such as using certain spe 35 Further scope of applicability of the present inven cies of hardwood like eucalyptus in stratified webs as tion will become apparent from the detailed description discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,981 by Carstens and given hereinafter. However, it should be understood U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,771 by Morgan et al. U.S. Pat. No. that the detailed description and specific examples, 3,821,068 by Shaw discloses a technique for producing while indicating preferred embodiments of the inven a soft tissue structure by avoiding mechanical compres tion, are given by way of illustration only, since various sion until the sheet has been dried to at least 80% solids. changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of U.S. Pat. No. 3,812,000 by Salvucci et al. discloses a the invention will become apparent to those skilled in technique for producing a soft tissue structure by avoid the art from this detailed description. ing mechanical compression of an elastomer containing BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS fiber furnish until the consistency of the web is at least 45 80% solids. U.S. Pat. No. 3,301,746 by Sanford and The present invention will become more fully under Sisson discloses a thru air dried papermaking technol stood from the detailed description given hereinbelow ogy for producing soft tissue structures. U.S. Pat. No. and the accompanying drawings which are given by 5,164,045 by Awofeso et al. discloses a technique for way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of making a soft tissue product by combining foam form 50 the present invention, and wherein: ing, stratification, and bulking fibers. Finally, U.S. Pat. FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between No. 4,063,995 by Grossman discloses advanced creping bulk and breaking length for Hesperaloe funifera and technologies for improving the softness of tissue prod northern softwood kraft handsheets; uctS. FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the relationship between Numerous references suggest the broad use of a myr 55 Hesperaloe funifera fiber in webs intended for applica iad of alternative fibers for making generic "paper'. tions requiring wet strength wherein caliper is plotted High strength specialty papers have been made using against wet geometric mean tensile for a 50% northern non-woody fibers (usually termed "hard' or "cordage' softwood kraft and a 50% northern hardwood kraft fibers) such as sisal, abaca, hemp, flax and kenaf. As web as compared to a 50% Hesperaloe funifera and a described in McLaughlin and Schuck, Econ. Bot 45(4), 50% northern hardwood kraft web; pp. 480–486, 1991; such fibers are commonly used for FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating Hesperaloe funifera fiber such products as currency paper, bank notes, tea bags, in web structures intended for applications requiring rope paper, filters, air cleaners and other products re both wet strength and absorbency wherein water-hold quiring "scruff' and tear resistance along with high ing capacity is plotted versus wet geometric mean ten endurance for folding. McLaughlin and Schuck sug 65 sile strength for a 50% northern softwood kraft and a gested that such specialty products can also be formed 50% northern hardwood kraft web as compared to a from fibers derived from the genera Hesperaloe and 50% Hesperaloe funifera and a 50% northern hardwood Yucca in the family Agavaceae and that "their long, kraft web. 5,320,710 3 4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLE I-continued PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fiber Properties of Typical Furnishes Tissue production is a relatively mature industry in Coarseness Fiber Length the United States. Extremely large expensive paper 5 Fiber Type mg/100 m NHWK 11.0 1.02 machines are used to produce tissue from various wood Eucalyptus 7.6 0.99 pulps at very high speeds and in tremendous quantities. M. textilis 17.4 3.65 Even though large suns of money are expended in C. sativa 3.8 3.36 research directed to improving tissue products, ad 10 A. sisalana' 4.0 2.45 Y. elata 6.7 .89 vances are typically relatively subtle. In contrast to the H. changii 9.0 4.58 often subtle distinctions between tissues made from H. funifera 8.0 2.96 wood pulps, we have found that it is possible to dramat Non-woody plant fibers ically increase the quality of tissue made on existing 15 machinery by replacing at least about 20% by weight of Fibers suitable for the practice of the present inven the furnish with chemically pulped fibers derived from tion can be prepared from the leaves of the Hesperaloe the leaves of plants in the genus Hesperaloe in the fam by conventional chemically based pulping methods ily Agavaceae.
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