DOCSLIB.ORG

Cam) in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cam) in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM) IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) by CAROLINE HEYDUK (Under the Direction of Jim Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a mode of photosynthesis found in ~6% of flowering plants and serves as an adaptation to water-limited habitats. CAM plants open their stomata for gas exchange at night, when transpiration rates are lower, and fix CO2 via an alternative pathway. Carbon is stored as organic acids during the night, then decarboxylated during the day behind closed stomata. CAM results in high levels of CO2 around RuBisCO, the primary carbon-fixing enzyme in all green plants, with minimal water loss. Although CAM occurs in at least 35 separate lineages, its evolutionary trajectory from C3 is unknown. Here we explore the evolutionary patterns of CAM across the Agavoideae, a subfamily of species that includes Agave and Yucca. Anatomical observations paired with character evolution show that species of the Agavoideae may have been preadapted to the CAM syndrome, with many C3 species showing CAM-like morphology. Comparative physiology was explored in more detail in a Yucca hybrid system, where a CAM and C3 species hybridized to form a C3-CAM intermediate. The parents and hybrid offspring were characterized for anatomical and physiological traits and show the hybrid is able to convert from C3 carbon fixation to 100% CAM uptake under periods of drought stress. Finally, the hybrid system in Yucca was used to understand the transcriptional regulation of the CAM pathway; despite lacking any CAM anatomy or physiology, the C3 parental species shows similar gene expression patterns as the CAM species, indicating perhaps an ancestral gene expression pattern that enabled the evolution of CAM in a subset of Yucca species. INDEX WORDS: Crassulacean acid metabolism, physiology, phylogenomics, transcriptomics, Yucca, hybrid EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM) IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) by CAROLINE HEYDUK BS, University of Wisconsin, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2015 © 2015 Caroline Heyduk All Rights Reserved EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM) IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) by CAROLINE HEYDUK Major Professor: Jim Leebens-Mack Committee: John Burke Katrien Devos Lisa Donovan Chung-Jui Tsai Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Live tissue sampling of Yuccas was assisted by the park rangers that work for the Florida State Parks, South Carolina State Parks, North Carolina State Parks, and the National Park Service. Darren Loomis from the Virginia Park Service went above and beyond to help me find Y. gloriosa samples. Joni Ward at the Desert Botanical Garden assisted with sampling (and re- sampling) their living collection. Additionally, Olle Pellmyr and Jim Leebens-Mack‟s Yucca samples were enormously helpful. For isotopic collections, I thank the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (and Michael McKain), the Desert Botanical Garden Herbarium (Wendy Hodgson), and the Georgia Herbarium (Wendy Zomelefer). Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam assisted with bioinformatics. I had a number of generous funding sources, including the Society for the Study of Evolution, the Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Botanical Society of America, the University of Georgia Graduate School, and NSF. Finally, without the endless support Jim Leebens-Mack, my committee members, and my husband Edward McAssey, none of this work would have been possible. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................1 The problem with RuBisCO ....................................................................................1 Crassulacean acid metabolism .................................................................................2 Physiology of CAM plants.......................................................................................5 Genetics of CAM plants...........................................................................................6 Study system ............................................................................................................7 References ................................................................................................................9 II EVOLUTION OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) .........................................................................................15 Abstract ..................................................................................................................16 Introduction ............................................................................................................17 Methods..................................................................................................................20 Results ....................................................................................................................26 Discussion ..............................................................................................................30 References ..............................................................................................................36 v III GAS EXCHANGE AND LEAF ANATOMY OF A C3-CAM HYBRID, YUCCA GLORIOSA (ASPARAGACEAE) .................................................................................................52 Abstract ..................................................................................................................53 Introduction ............................................................................................................54 Methods..................................................................................................................58 Results ....................................................................................................................64 Discussion ..............................................................................................................67 References ..............................................................................................................74 IV TIME-COURSE COMPARATIVE TRANSCRIPTOMICS BETWEEN C3, CAM, AND INTERMEDIATE YUCCA SPECIES ..................................................................................86 Abstract ..................................................................................................................87 Introduction ............................................................................................................88 Methods..................................................................................................................91 Results ....................................................................................................................96 Discussion ............................................................................................................101 References ............................................................................................................106 V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................124 CAM in the Agavoideae ......................................................................................124 The CAM continuum ...........................................................................................125 Remaining questions ............................................................................................126 References ............................................................................................................127 APPENDICES A SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES AND TABLES CH. II ...........................................129 vi B SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES AND TABLES CH. III .........................................133 C SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES AND TABLES CH. IV .........................................144 vii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1: Source information for both DNA tissue and for tissue analyzed for δ13C ratios ........42 Table 2.2: Average values (and standard errors) for cross sectional anatomical traits in the Agavoideae ................................................................................................................................45 Table 3.1: Nighttime acid accumulation (DeltaH+, µequivalents g-1) derived from difference in dusk and dawn titratable acidity measurements .............................................................................78 Table 3.2: Mean and standard error for traits in the three species and significance of pairwise comparisons ................................................................................................................................79 Table 4.1: Genotypes of each species used for RNA sequencing ................................................110
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Data Management System
    ARIZONA GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT HERITAGE DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Plant Abstract Element Code: PMAGA010N2 Data Sensitivity: YES CLASSIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE, DESCRIPTION, RANGE NAME: Agave schottii var. treleasei (Toumey) Kearney & Peebles COMMON NAME: Trelease Agave, Schott Agave, Trelease Shindagger, Trelease’s century plant SYNONYMS: Agave treleasei Toumey FAMILY: Agavaceae AUTHOR, PLACE OF PUBLICATION: Agave schottii var. treleasei (Toumey) T.H. Kearney, and R.H. Peebles, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sciences 29(11): 474. 1939. Agave treleasei Toumey, Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 75-76, pl. 32-33. 1901. TYPE LOCALITY: USA: Arizona: Pima County: Castle Rock, SW slope of Santa Catalina Mt. TYPE SPECIMEN: HT: Toumey s.n. (“in herb. Toumey”); possibly IT at: ARIZ, MO, US. “Present location of specimen unknown” (Phillips and Hodgson 1991). What appears to be an isotype found at MO (Hodgson, 1995). TAXONOMIC UNIQUENESS: The variety treleasei is 1 of 2 in the species Agave schottii; the other is var. schottii. In North America, the species schottii is 1 of 34 in the genus Agave. There are more than 200 species recognized from the southern USA to northern South America, and throughout the Caribbean. The variety treleasei is very rare and poorly known. In the Santa Catalina Mountains, it is possibly a polyploid form of schottii, or another case of hybridization between A. chrysantha or A. palmeri and A. schottii var. schottii (Hodgson 1987 Pers. Comm.). Formerly, a population in the Ajo Mountains was thought to be a disjunct population of var. treleasi, but through genetic testing, it was determined to be of hybrid origin between Agave s.
    [Show full text]
  • Pima County Plant List (2020) Common Name Exotic? Source
    Pima County Plant List (2020) Common Name Exotic? Source McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abies concolor var. concolor White fir Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica Corkbark fir Devender, T. R. (2005) Abronia villosa Hariy sand verbena McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abutilon abutiloides Shrubby Indian mallow Devender, T. R. (2005) Abutilon berlandieri Berlandier Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon incanum Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abutilon malacum Yellow Indian mallow Devender, T. R. (2005) Abutilon mollicomum Sonoran Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon palmeri Palmer Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon parishii Pima Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Abutilon parvulum Dwarf Indian mallow Herbarium; ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium Abutilon pringlei McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Abutilon reventum Yellow flower Indian mallow Herbarium; ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia angustissima Whiteball acacia Devender, T. R. (2005); DBGH McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia constricta Whitethorn acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia greggii Catclaw acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) Acacia millefolia Santa Rita acacia McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia neovernicosa Chihuahuan whitethorn acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Acalypha lindheimeri Shrubby copperleaf Herbarium Acalypha neomexicana New Mexico copperleaf McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acalypha ostryaefolia McLaughlin, S. (1992) Acalypha pringlei McLaughlin, S. (1992) Acamptopappus McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Rayless goldenhead sphaerocephalus Herbarium Acer glabrum Douglas maple McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acer grandidentatum Sugar maple McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acer negundo Ashleaf maple McLaughlin, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: a Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae)
    Chapter 10 Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: A Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae) Benjamín Rodríguez‐Garay Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68974 Abstract The genus Agave is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a large group of succulent plants, with about 200 taxa from 136 species, and its center of origin is probably limited to Mexico. It is divided into two subgenera: Littaea and Agave based on the architecture of the inflorescence; the subgenus Littaea has a spicate or racemose inflorescence, while plants of the subgenus Agave have a paniculate inflorescence with flowers in umbellate clusters on lateral branches. As the main conclusion of this study, a hypothesis rises from the described observations: frying pan‐shaped chromosomes are formed by sister chromatid exchanges and a premature kinetochore movement in prophase II, which are meiotic aberrations that exist in these phylogenetic distant species, Agave stricta and A. angustifolia since ancient times in their evolution, and this may be due to genes that are prone to act under diverse kinds of environmental stress. Keywords: tequila, mescal, chromatid cohesion, centromere, inversion heterorozygosity, kinetochore 1. Introduction The genus Agave is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world and repre‐ sents a large group of succulent plants, with about 200 taxa from 136 species, and its center of origin is probably limited to Mexico [1]. It is divided into two subgenera: Littaea and Agave based on the architecture of the inflorescence; the subgenus Littaea has a spicate or racemose © 2017 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
    Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163.
    [Show full text]
  • PC23 Doc. 29.1 (Rev
    Original language: English PC23 Doc. 29.1 (Rev. 1) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Twenty-third meeting of the Plants Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 22 and 24-27 July 2017 Species specific matters Maintenance of the Appendices Periodic review of species included in Appendices I and II OVERVIEW OF SPECIES UNDER PERIODIC REVIEW 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat. 2. In Resolution Conf. 14.8 (Rev. CoP17) on Periodic review of species included in Appendices I and II, the Conference of the Parties agrees on a process and guidelines for the Animals and Plants Committees to undertake a periodic review of animal or plant species included in the CITES Appendices and in paragraph 6: DIRECTS the Secretariat to maintain a record of species selected for periodic review, including: species previously and currently reviewed, dates of relevant Committee documents, recommendations from the reviews, and any reports and associated documents. 3. Annex 1 shows the record of plant species selected for review between the 13th and 15th meetings of the Conference of the Parties (CoP13, Bangkok, 2004; CoP15, Doha, 2010). 4. The record of plant species to be reviewed between CoP15 and the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP17, Johannesburg, 2016) is shown in Annex 2. 5. At its 21th meeting (PC21; Veracruz, May 2014), the Plants Committee reviewed records of species selected for periodic review and made several recommendations concerning species under review which are reflected in the tables shown in Annexes 1 and 2. 6. Annex 3 shows the List of abbreviations of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Annex 4 presents the list of ISO country codes.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae) Ju Namgung1,4, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,4, Changkyun Kim1, Hyeok Jae Choi3 & Joo‑Hwan Kim1* Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, fve of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length. Loss and pseudogenization of multiple genes (i.e., rps2, infA, and rpl22) appear to have occurred multiple times during the evolution of Alloideae. Additionally, eight mutation hotspots, including rps15-ycf1, rps16-trnQ-UUG, petG-trnW-CCA , psbA upstream, rpl32- trnL-UAG , ycf1, rpl22, matK, and ndhF, were identifed in the studied Allium species. Additionally, we present the frst phylogenomic analysis among the four tribes of Allioideae based on 74 cpDNA coding regions of 21 species of Allioideae, fve species of Amaryllidoideae, one species of Agapanthoideae, and fve species representing selected members of Asparagales. Our molecular phylogenomic results strongly support the monophyly of Allioideae, which is sister to Amaryllioideae. Within Allioideae, Tulbaghieae was sister to Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae whereas Allieae was sister to the clade of Tulbaghieae‑ Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae. Molecular dating analyses revealed the crown age of Allioideae in the Eocene (40.1 mya) followed by diferentiation of Allieae in the early Miocene (21.3 mya). The split of Gilliesieae from Leucocoryneae was estimated at 16.5 mya.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2012 Number 1
    Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Record of Domesticated Little Barley (Hordeum Pusillum Nutt.) in Colorado: Travel, Trade, Or Independent Domestication
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title A New Record of Domesticated Little Barley (Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) in Colorado: Travel, Trade, or Independent Domestication Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v84t8z1 Journal KIVA, 83(4) ISSN 0023-1940 Authors Graham, AF Adams, KR Smith, SJ et al. Publication Date 2017-10-02 DOI 10.1080/00231940.2017.1376261 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California KIVA Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History ISSN: 0023-1940 (Print) 2051-6177 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ykiv20 A New Record of Domesticated Little Barley (Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) in Colorado: Travel, Trade, or Independent Domestication Anna F. Graham, Karen R. Adams, Susan J. Smith & Terence M. Murphy To cite this article: Anna F. Graham, Karen R. Adams, Susan J. Smith & Terence M. Murphy (2017): A New Record of Domesticated Little Barley (Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) in Colorado: Travel, Trade, or Independent Domestication, KIVA, DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2017.1376261 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2017.1376261 View supplementary material Published online: 12 Oct 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ykiv20 Download by: [184.99.134.102] Date: 12 October 2017, At: 06:14 kiva, 2017, 1–29 A New Record of Domesticated Little Barley (Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) in Colorado: Travel, Trade, or Independent Domestication Anna F. Graham1, Karen R. Adams2, Susan J. Smith3, and Terence M.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B References
    Final Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement and Preliminary Section 4(f) Evaluation Appendix B, References July 2021 Federal Aid No. 999-M(161)S ADOT Project No. 999 SW 0 M5180 01P I-11 Corridor Final Tier 1 EIS Appendix B, References 1 This page intentionally left blank. July 2021 Project No. M5180 01P / Federal Aid No. 999-M(161)S I-11 Corridor Final Tier 1 EIS Appendix B, References 1 ADEQ. 2002. Groundwater Protection in Arizona: An Assessment of Groundwater Quality and 2 the Effectiveness of Groundwater Programs A.R.S. §49-249. Arizona Department of 3 Environmental Quality. 4 ADEQ. 2008. Ambient Groundwater Quality of the Pinal Active Management Area: A 2005-2006 5 Baseline Study. Open File Report 08-01. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Water 6 Quality Division, Phoenix, Arizona. June 2008. 7 https://legacy.azdeq.gov/environ/water/assessment/download/pinal_ofr.pdf. 8 ADEQ. 2011. Arizona State Implementation Plan: Regional Haze Under Section 308 of the 9 Federal Regional Haze Rule. Air Quality Division, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, 10 Phoenix, Arizona. January 2011. https://www.resolutionmineeis.us/documents/adeq-sip- 11 regional-haze-2011. 12 ADEQ. 2013a. Ambient Groundwater Quality of the Upper Hassayampa Basin: A 2003-2009 13 Baseline Study. Open File Report 13-03, Phoenix: Water Quality Division. 14 https://legacy.azdeq.gov/environ/water/assessment/download/upper_hassayampa.pdf. 15 ADEQ. 2013b. Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Fact Sheet: Construction 16 General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity. Arizona 17 Department of Environmental Quality. June 3, 2013. 18 https://static.azdeq.gov/permits/azpdes/cgp_fact_sheet_2013.pdf.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Relations of Bromeliaceae in Their Evolutionary Context
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, 415–440. With 2 figures Think tank: water relations of Bromeliaceae in their evolutionary context JAMIE MALES* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK Received 31 July 2015; revised 28 February 2016; accepted for publication 1 March 2016 Water relations represent a pivotal nexus in plant biology due to the multiplicity of functions affected by water status. Hydraulic properties of plant parts are therefore likely to be relevant to evolutionary trends in many taxa. Bromeliaceae encompass a wealth of morphological, physiological and ecological variations and the geographical and bioclimatic range of the family is also extensive. The diversification of bromeliad lineages is known to be correlated with the origins of a suite of key innovations, many of which relate directly or indirectly to water relations. However, little information is known regarding the role of change in morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits in the evolutionary origins of the classical ecophysiological functional types in Bromeliaceae or how this role relates to the diversification of specific lineages. In this paper, I present a synthesis of the current knowledge on bromeliad water relations and a qualitative model of the evolution of relevant traits in the context of the functional types. I use this model to introduce a manifesto for a new research programme on the integrative biology and evolution of bromeliad water-use strategies. The need for a wide-ranging survey of morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits across Bromeliaceae is stressed, as this would provide extensive insight into structure– function relationships of relevance to the evolutionary history of bromeliads and, more generally, to the evolutionary physiology of flowering plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Riqueza De Las Familias Agavaceae Y Nolinaceae En México
    Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 56: 7-24, 1995 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1461 Bol. Soc. Bot. México 56: 7-24 (1995) Riqueza de las familias Agavaceae y Nolinaceae en México ABISAÍ GARCÍA-MENDOZA 1 Y RAQUEL GALVÁN V. 2 1 Jardín Botánico, IB-UNAM. Apdo. Postal 70-614, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F. 2 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Apdo. Postal 17-564, Del. M. Hidalgo, I 1410 México, D.F. Resumen. Se muestra la distribución de las familias Agavaceae y Nolinaceae en América y México. Para México se determinó la presencia de 402 taxa, 342 de ellos pertenecen a los géneros Agave, Beschorneria, Furcraea, Hesperaloii, Manfreda, Polianthes, Prochnyanthes y Yucca de la familia Agavaceae, en tanto que 60 corresponden a los géneros Beaucarnea, Calibanus, Dasylirion y Nolina de la familia Nolinaceae. Se presenta también la lista actualizada de las especies de ambas familias, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada taxon se señala su distribución por estado y por provincia florística. Los estados más ricos son: Oaxaca con 63 taxa, Durango con 52, Puebla con 50, San Luis Potosí y Sonora con 47 y Chihuahua con 45. En cuanto a las provincias florísticas con un número mayor de taxa están: las Serranías Meridionales, Sierra Madre Occidental y Altiplanicie. Para México, hasta el momento, se han realizado cinco floras regionales y cuatro listados florísticos, en los que se aborda el estudio de las Agavaceae y Nolinaceae a diferentes niveles. Los géneros Agave, Beaucarnea, Beschorneria, Ma11freda y Prochnyanthes han sido objeto de tratamientos taxonómicos; otros como Dasylirion, Furcraea y Polianthes se encuentran en diferentes etapas de desarrollo, en tanto que Calibanus, Hesperaloii, Nolina, Yucca y varios grupos de Agave, requieren una revisión actualizada.
    [Show full text]