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Kensington Court Conservation Area Appraisal

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Kensington Court Conservation Area Appraisal Kensington Court Conservation Area Appraisal March 2016 Adopted: XXXXXXXXX Note: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document but due to the complexity of conservation areas, it would be impossible to include every facet contributing to the area’s special interest. Therefore, the omission of any feature does not necessarily convey a lack of significance. The Council will continue to assess each development proposal on its own merits. As part of this process a more detailed and up to date assessment of a particular site and its context is undertaken. This may reveal additional considerations relating to character or appearance which may be of relevance to a particular case. KENSINGTON COURT CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL | 3 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 4 Shared Features Of Housing and Flats 24 Summary of Character 5 Architectural Details 24 Location and Setting 6 Windows and Doors 25 Historic Development Summary 7 Front Boundaries and Front Areas 26 Roofs 27 2. TOWNSCAPE 8 Rear Elevations 29 Other Building Types 30 Street Layout 8 Urban Form and Gaps 9 Pubs 30 Land Uses 10 Shops 31 Materials 11 Artists’ Studios 33 Buildings Audit 12 Kensington Court Mews 33 Other Significant Buildings 34 Recent Architecture 34 3. ARCHITECTURE 13 Houses and Mansion Flats 13 4. PUBLIC REALM 35 Kensington Court Place 14 Trees and Green Space 35 Nos. 1 and 2 Kensington Court 15 Street Furniture 35 Kensington Court (east side) 17 Street Surfaces 36 Kensington Court (north side) 18 Views 37 Kensington Court (west side) 19 Kensington Court (island sites) 21 5. NEGATIVE ELEMENTS 39 Footpath Leading to Kensington Court 22 Kensington High Street 23 Thackeray Street 23 APPENDIX 1 History 40 Ansdell Street 23 APPENDIX 2 Heritage Identification Checklist 45 APPENDIX 3 Relevant Local Plan Policies 46 4 | KENSINGTON COURT CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 1 Introduction ² Kensington Court Conservation Area Kensington Palace What does a conservation area designation mean? Purpose of this document Conservation Area 1.1 The statutory definition of a conservation 1.4 The aims of this appraisal area is an “area of special architectural or historic are to: 1974 interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance”. The power • describe the historic and to designate conservation areas is given to architectural character and councils through the Planning (Listed Buildings appearance of the area 1983 and Conservations Areas) Act, 1990 (Sections which will assist applicants 69 to 78). Once designated, proposals within in making successful a conservation area become subject to local planning applications and conservation policies set out in Chapter 34 of decision makers in assessing the Council’s Local Plan and national policies planning applications 1980 outlined in part 12 of the National Planning Policy • raise public interest and Framework (NPPF). Our overarching duty which awareness of the special is set out in the Act is to preserve or enhance the character of their area historic or architectural character or appearance • identify the positive features of the conservation area. which should be conserved, Absolute Scale >>> 1:990 at A3 as well as negative features A conservation area appraisal aims to 1.2 which indicate scope for describe the special historic and architectural Kensington Square future enhancements Conservation Area character of an area. A conservation area’s Mapproduced on 20/03/2014 : Ref 3839 by [email protected] character is defined by a combination of elements such as architecture, uses, materials D e Ve r e Conservation and detailing as well as the relationship A r e a 1980 between buildings and their settings. Many other elements contribute to character and appearance such as the placement of buildings within their plots; views and vistas; the 1974 relationship between the street and the buildings and the presence of trees and green space. Date of designation 1.3 This document has been produced Boundary of Conservation Area using the guidance set out by English Heritage Adjoining conservation area Crown copyright and database rights 2014 Ordnance Survey 100021668 in their document, Understanding Place: Royal Borough of Kensington Adjoining Boundary of Kensington1970 1990 Date of Designation Court Conservation Area Boundary Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and and Chelsea Boundary Conservation Areas Kensington Court Conservation Area Management (2011). This appraisal will be a material consideration when assessing planning applications. KENSINGTON COURT CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL | 5 Summary of Character 1.5 Kensington Court Conservation Area was designated in stages. First to be designated in 1974 were the oldest parts: Kensington High Street (late seventeenth century onwards) and the west side of Kensington Court Place (c.1802-07) with Kensington Court itself being added in 1980. 1.6 Kensington Court is the result of the extraordinary change in taste that overtook London in the 1870s and 1880s whereby regular Italianate stucco terraces were succeeded by tall gabled red brick houses and mansion flats. The Queen Anne Revival style used here can be seen in all its guises, including fanciful crow- stepped and curving Dutch gables; leaded and copper light glazing in mock-Tudor surrounds; carved, moulded and rubbed red brick; and soaring chimney stacks. Often stucco is used to contrast with the bright red brick and is moulded This quality along with the triangular shape of 1.10 The buildings in the area were built with into elaborate swags, fruit and flowers or buff or the road which mainly keeps the viewer looking the latest technological advances. Electric pink terracotta is used as dressings with their inwards creates a hidden enclave with an lighting was provided from a generator in the equally fanciful designs locked together like exclusive and peaceful atmosphere. footpath to Kensington Court run by pioneer jigsaw puzzle pieces. electrical engineer, R.E.B. Crompton whose 1.9 Kensington Court is a strongly urban area home was at no. 48 Kensington Court. The 1.7 Several well know architects worked which is solidly built up, but there are small here including R. J. Worley who also designed houses and flats were the first in the country to scale moments of charm and delight in the area be provided with hydraulic lifts powered from Sicilian Avenue in Holborn, Paul Hoffmann including the short alley between Kensington who did much work locally and John James another building that remains today - the Old High Street and Kensington Court with its Pump House at the top of Thackeray Street. Stevenson who was one of the founders of the historic York stone slabs, original Kensington Queen Anne Revival style. Another building type of rarity and architectural Vestry lamp posts and convivial atmosphere of significance is the multi-storey mews building 1.8 The conservation area is of very high summer al fresco dining. Another element of in which carriages were stored at ground floor, quality both in terms of its architectural unquantifiable charm is the play of light and air horses were stabled at first floor and carriage coherence and its state of preservation. Many of through the trees which allow enticing glimpses men in accommodation at second floor level. All the key details such as windows, ornamentation of Dutch gables and red brick between their these buildings have been converted to other and ironwork are intact not only in a single leaves as they move in the breeze. uses (mainly residential) but survive largely in building, but across whole blocks and terraces. their original external form. 6 | KENSINGTON COURT CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Location and Setting Fig 1.1 Conservation Area Context Map 1.11 The conservation area is in Queen’s Gate ward and in postcode area W8 in the centre of Kensington. Kensington Palace, Kensington Gardens and the busy commercial centre along Kensington High Street are located to the north of the area but to the south, the area is mostly housing. To the west is the very fine Kensington Kensington Palace Square which was developed from the late seventeenth century. Kensington 1.12 Kensington Court is surrounded by other conservation areas, most of which contain earlier and smaller housing of a more suburban character than the highly urban houses and Kensington mansion flats of Kensington Court. Court Kensington Square De Vere Edwards Square, Queensgate Scarsdale and Abbingdon Cornwall Lexham Courtfield RBKC Conservation Areas KENSINGTON CHURCH STREET KENSINGTON PALACE GARDENS PALACE GREEN GREGORY PLACE KENSINGTON COURT CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL | 7 PALACE AVENUE HOLLAND STREET KENSINGTON CHURCH WALK Historic Development Summary Fig 1.2 Historic Development Map 1600s and 1700s Nottingham 1888 Electric Lighting Company OLD COURT PLACE House constructed in 1605 in the built, 46 Kensington Court. Architect, village of Kensington. Transformed J. A. Slater KENSINGTON HIGH STREET into Kensington Palace by Sir 1888-89 Thriplands house built for Christopher Wren 1689-95 for William R.E.B. Crompton, 48 Kensington III and Mary II. Surrounding area Court. Architect, J. A. Slater included the ancient RedDRAYSON MEWS Lion pub, KENSINGTON ROAD ‘courts’ of small workers’ dwellings, 1890-92 Nos. 49-60 Kensington market gardens and two mansions Court built by builder Oliver KENSINGTON CHURCH COURT on Kensington High Street: Colby Cromwell YOUNG STREET KENSINGTON ROAD House and Kensington House were 1891-92 No. 61 Kensington Court. large mansions which were all Architect W.W. Gwyther PRINCE OF WALES TERRACE demolished for the Kensington Court DERRY STREET HORNTON PLACE HYDE PARK GATE development. 1896-97 Kensington House and KENSINGTON COURT PALACE GATE HORNTON STREET Kent House built. Architect, R.J. c.1802-07 Nos. 6-15 Kensington Worley Court Place built (altered in the later nineteenth century) 1894 St Alban’s Mansions built. Architect, Paul Hoffmann HYDE PARK GATE DE VERE GARDENS c.1806-07 The Builder’s Arms built CAMBRIDGE PLACE RESTON PLACE KENSINGTON HIGH STREET1896-98 Roxburghe Mansions built.
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