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Writing New Worlds Writing New Worlds: The Cultural Dynamics of Curiosity in Early Modern Europe By Marília dos Santos Lopes Writing New Worlds: The Cultural Dynamics of Curiosity in Early Modern Europe By Marília dos Santos Lopes Translation from the Portuguese (except for articles 11, 13 and 14): Kevin Rose This book first published 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2016 by Marília dos Santos Lopes All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9030-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9030-4 With the support of the Research Centre for Communication and Culture (CECC), financed by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal under the reference UID/ELT/00126/2013 CONTENTS List of Figures........................................................................................... viii Introduction ................................................................................................ xi The Cultural Dynamics of Curiosity in Early Modern Europe I Collecting News Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2 Alvise Cadamosto and the Discovery of a New World Chapter Two ................................................................................................ 9 Hans Staden: The “True History” of a 16th Century Voyage to Brazil Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 17 Between Forced Settledness and Expulsion: The Situation of the Khoikhoi in the Cape Colony Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 35 Otto Friedrich von der Groeben: A Voyage across the Atlantic on behalf of Brandenburg Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 52 The Non-travelling Voyager: Gomes Eanes de Zurara Chapter Six ................................................................................................ 63 “We saw today marvellous things”: Valentim Fernandes and the Portuguese Discoveries Chapter Seven ............................................................................................ 74 (Re)Discovering the World in Books, Magazines and Newspapers: Hamburg and the News from Overseas (1650-1700) vi Contents II Voyages, the Visual and the Arts Chapter Eight ............................................................................................. 82 The Maritime Voyages and the Art of Images Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 100 Turquerie in the Iconography of the 16th Century Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 109 The Portuguese in Christoph Weiditz’s Trachtenbuch Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 115 The Voyager as a Scholar: Amerigo Vespucci in Early Modern Graphical Representation Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 131 Seeing, Hearing, Speaking: Early Modern Representations of Missionaries Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 145 Peregrinação by Fernão Mendes Pinto: A Source of Knowledge Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 157 Writing New Worlds: Eberhard Werner Happel and the Invention of a Genre III Travel, Experience and Knowledge Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 166 Translation and Imagination: ‘The Calicut People’ within the Context of 16th Century Cosmographies Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 178 Building Knowledge: Sebastian Münster and his Cosmography Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 195 Mapping Goa: Spaces and Scenarios in Representing the Oriental World Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 212 The Plant Revelation: Garcia da Orta, Carolus Clusius and Asian Species in Europe Writing New Worlds vii Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 236 “To the smell of this cinnamon”: Notes on the History of a Rare Spice Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 249 On How the “Savage” became Ever More Savage: Perspectives on Africa in Early Modern Europe Editorial Note .......................................................................................... 261 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 264 LIST OF FIGURES Cover Johann Stradanus: Nova reperta, (New inventions and discoveries of modern times), The Invention of the Compass, plate 2, ca. 1530– 1581 Fig. 1 Johannes Vermeer: The Geographer, c. 1668–1669; Städel, Frankfurt/M. Fig. 2 Newe unbekanthe landte, 1508; HAB Wolfenbüttel Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 Otto Friedrich von der Groeben: Guinesische Reise=Beschreibung, 1694 Fig. 7 Theodor de Bry: Ander Theil der Orientalische Indien, Frankfurt/M., 1598; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 8 Johan Nieuhof: Die Gesantschaft der Ost=Indischen Geselschaft, Amsterdam, 1669; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 9 Johan Nieuhof: Gedenkwürdige Brasilianense Zee- en Landt-Reize, Amsterdam, 1684; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 10 Hans Leonhard Schäufelein, The wild man, ca. 1530; Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz Fig. 11 Theodor de Bry: Wunderbarliche doch Wahrhafftige Erklärung der Gelegenheit und Sitten der Wilden in Virginia..., Frankfurt/M., 1600; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 12 Johan Nieuhof: Die Gesantschaft der Ost=Indischen Geselschaft, Amsterdam, 1669; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 13 Theodor de Bry: Dritte Buch Americae (Hans Staden), Frankfurt/M., 1593; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 14 Olfert Dapper: Umbständliche und eigentliche Beschreibung von Africa, Amsterdam, 1670; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 15 Levin Hulsius: Kurtze Wunderbare Beschreibung. Deß Goldreichen Königsreichs Guianae in America..., Nürnberg 1603; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 16 Johann Ludwig Gottfried: Neue Archontologia Cosmica, Frankfurt/M., 1646; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 17 Ludovico di Varthema: Die ritterliche vnd lobwirdig rayss..., Augsburg, 1515; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 18 Albrecht Dürer: Book of Hours Maximilian I, 1515; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Writing New Worlds ix Fig. 19 Albrecht Dürer: Katherina, 1521 Fig. 20 Albrecht Dürer: Oriental knight, 1494 Fig. 21 Albrecht Dürer: Turkish Emperor, 1523 Fig. 22 Jobst Amman: 12 Men with turbans, ca. 1600 Fig. 23 Jost Amman: The four continents, 1577; Kupferstichkabinett Kunstsammlungen Veste Coburg Fig. 24 Melchior Lorch: Sultan Soliman, 1574 Fig. 25 Francisco Álvares: Die reis zu des christlichen Königs im hohen Ethiopien..., Frankfurt/M., 1581; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 26 Christoph Weiditz: Trachtenbuch, ca. 1530; Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg Fig. 27 Amerigo Vespucci, De ora antarctica per regem Portugallie pridem inuenta, Strasburg, 1505 Fig. 28 Matthias Ringmann and Martin Waldseemüller, Mappa mundi, St Dié, 1507 Fig. 29 Francazano Montalbodo, Paesi Novamente retrovati per la Navigatione di Spagna in Calicut, Venezia, 1501 Fig. 30 Amerigo Vespucci, Von der new gefunden Region so wol ein welt genenpt mag werden, durch den Cristenlichen Künig von Portugal, wunderbarlich erfunden, Nürnberg, 1506 Fig. 31 Amerigo Vespucci, Das sind die new gefunde[n] mensche[n] od[er] volcker Jn form vn[d] gestalt Als sie hie stend durch de[n] Cristenlichen Künig von Portugall/ gar wunnderbarlich erfunden, Leipzig, 1505 Fig. 32 Johann Stradanus, America retectio, 1589 Fig. 33 Johann Stradanus, Americus Vespuccius Florentinus portentosa navigatione, c. 1599-1603 Fig. 34 Theodore Galle / Johann Stradanus, America, c. 1599–1603 Fig. 35 Johann Stradanus, Nova reperta, (New inventions and discoveries of modern times), c. 1599-1603 Fig. 36 Johann Stradanus, Nova reperta, (New inventions and discoveries of modern times), c. 1599-1603 Fig. 37 Arnold Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld..., Amsterdam, 1671 Fig. 38 Martin Waldseemüller: Carta Marina Navigatoria Portugallen..., 1516; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Fig. 39, 40 Honorius Philoponus, Nova typis transacta navigatio, s.l. 1621; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 41, 42 Cornelius Hazart: Kirchen=Geschichte..., Wien, 1678; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg x List of Figures Fig. 43 Dionisius Carli, Der nach überbrachte Mohr oder curieuse und warhaffte Erzehlung und Beschreibung aller Curiositäten und Denckwürdigkeiten... Augsburg, 1692; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg Fig. 44 Simão de Vasconcellos: Vida do venerável Padre Ioseph de Anchieta, Lisboa 1672, BNP Fig. 45 André de Barros: Vida do apostólico Padre António Vieyra…, Lisboa 1746, BNP Fig. 46 Jan Sadeler: Four continents
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