International Bulletin of Missionary Research; Vol. 33, No. 4

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Bulletin of Missionary Research; Vol. 33, No. 4 Noteworthy Announcing and Asian Christianity, Liverpool Hope University, will hold The Association of Polish Missiologists, Stowarzyszenie its third annual world Christianity conference June 11–13, Misjologów Polskich (SMP), was formed in 2007 and now 2010, on the topic “Christian Unity in Mission and Service.” serves thirty-three missiologists from the major universities Brief proposals for papers and panels are being solicited until and seminaries of Poland, including members from Katowice, December 18. Center director Daniel Jeyaraj is professor of Warsaw, Kraków, Lublin, Poznań, Opole, and Olsztyn. With history of missions and an IBMR contributing editor. For more leadership from president Jan Górski (Katowice) and vice information, contact conference coordinator Ursula Leahy, president Wojciech Kluj, O.M.I. (Warsaw), SMP promotes [email protected]. interdisciplinary collaboration in the study of missiology An international conference on the theme “Politics, Pov- and is the local affiliate of the International Association for erty, and Prayer: Global African Spiritualities and Social Mission Studies and the International Association of Catholic Transformation” will convene July 22–25, 2010, at the Nairobi Missiologists. Each year the association publishes Studia mis- Evangelical Graduate School of Theology, Kenya. The conference jologiczne, an academic journal that focuses on mission history will “provide a platform in which researchers on African and and theology, portions of which are now being published in African-derived religions and spiritualities encounter practi- English, Italian, and German. For additional information, go tioners of religious traditions and communities firsthand” and to www.misjologia.pl. will provide “information on beliefs and practices of religious/ Urban mission is the theme of the American Society of spiritual traditions and how they impact their communities Missiology–Eastern Fellowship of Professors of Mission and the larger society.” For details, contact program organiz- annual meeting, November 6–7, 2009, at Maryknoll Mission ers Afe Adogame ([email protected]), Ishola Williams Institute, Ossining, New York. Doug Hall and Bobby Bose, ([email protected]), Grace Wamue (gwamue2000@ respectively president and global urban ministries education yahoo.com), and Mark Shaw ([email protected]). coordinator of the Emmanuel Gospel Center in Boston (www Indian missiologist Siga Arles has announced expan- .egc.org), will be among the speakers. For conference informa- sion of the scope of the Consortium for Indian Missiological tion, visit www.asmef.org. Education and the Indian Institute of Missiology Research The Sociology of Religion Study Group (SOCREL, www Centre through the launching of a postgraduate research .socrel.org.uk) of the British Sociological Association will hold study center—the Centre for Contemporary Christianity, a conference April 6–8, 2010, at the University of Edinburgh on Bangalore. The center will offer master of theology and doc- the topic “The Changing Face of Christianity in the Twenty- tor of philosophy degrees in missiology and in holistic child first Century.” Brief proposals for papers and panels are development, with accreditation from the Asia Theological being solicited until October 31, 2009, particularly if these are Association and in cooperation with the Global Alliance for focused on “contemporary Christian performance and belief, Advancing Holistic Child Development. Arles, editor of the world Christianities and migration or Diaspora Christianities, Journal of Asian Evangelical Theology, is also developing a jour- (or) Christianity in the public arena.” The University of Edin- nal called Contemporary Christian. For additional information, burgh Institute of Geography and the New College School of e-mail Arles, [email protected]. Divinity are cosponsors. The conference organizers include Historical records, including financial reports, cor- Afe Adogame ([email protected]), New College lecturer respondence, committee memos and minutes, articles, and in world Christianity. newsletters related to the work of the Evangelical Committee The Andrew F. Walls Centre for the Study of African on Latin America are available at the Billy Graham Center 208 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 33, No. 4 Archives (www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/guides/646 Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia, as well as in Nigeria, South .htm). Founded in 1959 as a joint committee between the Evan- Africa, and Zambia. In 1965 he attended Vatican Council II as gelical Fellowship of Mission Agencies (EFMA) and Interde- a guest of Misereor Foundation. Beginning in 1974 he taught nominational Foreign Mission Association (IFMA), the ECLA for over twenty-five years at the Institutes of the University of served as a liaison between the two organizations and Latin San Francisco, St. John’s (Jamaica, N.Y.), Yale Divinity School American church leaders for the effective growth of the regional (New Haven, Conn.), Weston (Mass.) Jesuit School of Theol- church, providing assistance through consultation, conferences, ogy, Maryknoll School of Theology (Ossining, N.Y.), Duquesne and research. The committee was disbanded in 1977. University (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Salve Regina University (which The Congregational Library and Archives, Boston, has included the U.S. Naval War College, Newport, R.I.), Nairobi’s compiled an index of obituaries of Congregational clergy and Institute for Development Studies, and Brown University’s missionaries (www.congregationallibrary.org/resources/ Watson Institute for International Studies (Providence, R.I.). necro-search). Patrons may search by last name to find obituar- He was the recipient of many fellowships and awards and ies in Congregational yearbooks and missionary periodicals, the author of numerous books and articles, especially in the most of them from after 1850. fields of missiology, ecclesiology, and social ethics. His noted books include The Church as Mission (1966), Polygamy Recon- Personalia sidered (1975), and Toward an African Christianity: Inculturation Appointed. Graham R. Kings, 55, vicar of St. Mary’s Church, Applied (1993). Islington, London, as bishop of Sherborne, U.K., effective Died. James Hudson Taylor III, Sinologist and theologian, June 24, 2009. After ordination Kings served as a curate in in Hong Kong, March 20, 2009. The great-grandson of mis- inner city London for four years. In 1985, as a Church Mis- sionary pioneer J. Hudson Taylor, founder of the China Inland sion Society mission partner, he taught theology for seven Mission in 1865, he was born August 12, 1929, in Kaifeng, years at St. Andrew’s College of Theology and Development, Henan, and was raised in China. In June 1955 Taylor and Kabare, an Anglican Church of Kenya affiliate. An IBMR his family arrived in Kao-hsiung, Taiwan, to join the staff of contributing editor, Kings moved to Cambridge in 1992 to Holy Light Bible School, founded that year by his father. The become the first Henry Martyn Lecturer in Mission Studies in younger Taylor worked there as a lecturer before succeeding the Cambridge Theological Federation, founding director of his father as principal in 1960. In 1970 he became president of the Henry Martyn Centre for the Study of Mission and World the new China Evangelical Seminary in Taipei. From 1980 to Christianity, and affiliated lecturer in the university’s Faculty 1991 Taylor served as general director of the Overseas Mission- of Divinity. He founded Fulcrum (http://fulcrum-anglican.org ary Fellowship, now OMF International, the mission founded .uk), a network and online journal for evangelical Anglicans by his great-grandfather. He was the first Taylor descendant seeking to renew the center of the evangelical tradition within in this role, and under his leadership OMF saw growth in the Church of England. Kings served on the Mission Theological Japan, Philippines, and Hong Kong, as well as in publishing. Advisory Group of the Church of England and the Anglican In 1994 he formed Medical Services International, now MSI Communion Network for Interfaith Concerns. Professional Services, to bring teams of Western professionals Died. H. Eugene Hillman, C.S.Sp., 84, missiologist, author, into China to work on health and community-development and Congregation of the Holy Spirit member, in Bethel Park, projects. He is coauthor of a book on the life of Hudson Taylor’s Pennsylvania, August 5, 2009. A native of Boston, he worked father-in-law, Even to Death: The Life and Legacy of Samuel Dyer for eighteen years in the missions of East Africa in Tanzania, (OMF, forthcoming). October 2009 209.
Recommended publications
  • Robert Morrison (Missionary) - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Robert Morrison (missionary) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morrison_(missionary) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert Morrison (traditional Chinese: 馬禮遜; simplified Chinese: 马礼逊; pinyin: Mǎ Lǐxùn) (January 5, 1782 in Bullers Green, near Morpeth, Northumberland – August 1, 1834 in Guangzhou) was a Scottish missionary, the first Christian Protestant missionary in China.[1] After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers. Morrison pioneered the translation of the Bible into First Protestant Missionary to China Chinese and planned for the Born January 5, 1782 distribution of the Scriptures as broadly Bullers Green, Morpeth, Northumberland, as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had England never been published.[2] Died August 1, 1834 (aged 52) Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Morrison cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as Walter Title D.D. Henry Medhurst and William Milne Parents James Morrison (the printers), Samuel Dyer (Hudson Hannah Nicholson Taylor's father-in-law), Karl Gutzlaff (the Prussian linguist), and Peter Parker (China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time. They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical
    [Show full text]
  • Hudson Taylor. the Man Who Believed God. London: China Inland Mission, 1929
    HUDSON TAYLOR The Man who believed God BY MARSHALL BROOMHALL, M.A. ·ExEn 1rl1Trw 8Eou -Markxi. 22 THE CHINA INLAND ~MISSION, LONDON PHILADELPHIA, TORONTO, MELBOURNE, AND SHANGHAI • • • • • • • . • . ' • . • ~,., ,_..: e-; AGENTS: THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 4 BOUVERIE STREET, LONDON, E.C.4 •. :,,.. • 1929 Pri11ietl in G-ri:at .Britain O;, R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, EdinONrrli. TO HOWARD AND GERALDINE TAYLOR BY THEIR COUSIN AND DEBTOR Blessed is the man whose strength is in Thee. Psalm lxxxiv. 5. FOREWORD IN the years 19n and 1918, respectively, the two volumes, Hudson Taylor in Early Years, and Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, were published. Both were written by Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, and both have had a remarkable circulation. Up to the time of writing nearly 50,000 volumes have been sold, and many are the tokens that these books have brought much blessing to the readers. But these two volumes together aggregate nearly 1200 closely printed demy octavo pages, and it has been long evident that a shorter Life, in one small volume, was needed. More than one publishing house has con­ templated the issue of such a biography, and several of these have kindly relinquished the idea of issuing the same, that the book might be published by the China Inland Mission itself. Grateful acknowledgement of this courtesy is hereby made. It had been hoped that Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, the authors of the authoritative work mentioned above, might have undertaken this smaller volume also; but that was not found possible. The one to whom this task eventually fell desires to make full acknowledgement of vii viii THE MAN WHO BELIEVED GOD the immeasurable help obtained from the larger Life.
    [Show full text]
  • Themes in the Historiography of SEA Christianity
    “Faith without borders” Themes and issues in the historiography of Southeast Asian Christianity. Henry Martyn Centre, Westminster College, Cambridge, 9 November 2006. John Roxborogh In 1828 Samuel Dyer (1804-1843), formerly student at Trinity College Cambridge, and later to be remembered as the inventor of Chinese metallic fonts and as the father of Hudson Taylor’s first wife, Maria, sailed for the island of Penang to join the Ultra Ganges Mission started by Robert Morrison of the London Missionary Society two decades earlier as a mission to China. The phrase “Southeast Asia” appears first of all to have been used that same year by the American Baptist Howard Malcolm,1 but it is interesting that way in which the region was defined by its relation to India (“beyond the Ganges”) and the vision of a mission to China, and this has continued as a feature of Southeast Asia identity. Missionaries frequently went there when China was their real goal. Catholic Jesuits and American Methodists were among those who came to the Malay Peninsular and other areas from bases in India. Migrant Christian communities came to the region from South China and from India. When Roy Whitehorn, moderator of the Presbyterian Church of England and formerly minister of St Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, Kuala Lumpur, visited Singapore and Malaya in his capacity as RAF Chaplain, in 1952, the sense of beyond India, and connection with China, and the significance of both for Christian mission still loomed. By then the term “Southeast Asia,” barely existent in earlier literature, had established itself as the name of a particular theatre of the war with Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • SPRING COMMISSION NEWS Mission Trip to the Arabic Peninsula
    Published By Great Commission Center International 848 Stewart Dr. Suite 200, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Tel:408-636-0030, Fax:408-636-0033 GREAT Email:[email protected] 2009 SPRING COMMISSION NEWS Mission Trip to the Arabic Peninsula Thomas Wang It has been five years since my last visit to the Dubai Chinese Christian Church Arabic Peninsula. In January of 2009 I was invited to speak at the celebration of the 7th anniversary of About 10 years ago, God led the Great Com- Dubai Chinese Christian Church. During our 20 days’ mission Center International to encourage several stay in the region, Mrs. Wang and I had the opportu- Chinese Christians to start a worship service and nity to re-visit four states of the United Arab Emirates to reach out to the Chinese there. Thus, the Dubai (UAE) as well as Kuwait. Chinese Christian Church was formed in 2002. God Needless for me to say, Arabic Peninsula has has blessed this church; her worship attendance is changed tremendously in the past five years. We en- now about 200. Her members were from different joyed the twelve-lane freeway, the high-rise buildings countries, different provinces in China; spoke differ- and beautiful flowers and trees in the UAE. I could ent dialects and with different cultures. However, they not believe that we were in a desert country. Dubai, have one thing in common – they met the Lord after UAE’s commercial capital, has the highest building they came to Dubai. Under the leadership of a mis- and the largest shopping mall in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h-Ōe-Jī and Its
    國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授:賀安娟(Ann Heylen)博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生:陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵,謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題,探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展,分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源,在中國廈門的形成,以及在台灣從清末、日治時期, 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析,本文指出,白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡:一為從 1865 年開始,由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展,從日治時期延 續到戰後,直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止;另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代,白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合,並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續,此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂,直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下,隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為:(一)推動者:從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子,(二)訴求對象:從長老教會的信徒,擴及至台灣社會大眾,(三)推動目 的:從傳揚基督教,達成信仰教育,改變為以普及知識,達成社會教育,(四) 認同取向:從對基督教的信仰認同,發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始,台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代,直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下,白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中,以白話字出版之書籍、刊物,總數量至少近千冊, 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示,以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全,並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外,也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點,在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看,首先是從南洋的麻六甲(1820 年代),繼而到中國廈門 (1850 年代),最後來到台灣(1865 年代)。就歷史的進程而言,台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而,經過百餘年來歷史的發展,隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素,福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此,1980 年代後,隨著 台語文運動的成果,使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權,逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之,台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端,逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞:白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代(1885-1969)、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Missionary Force Mission from the Majority World
    Vol. 11 No. 3 September–December 2016 The New Missionary Force Mission from the Majority World MCI(P)181/03/20161 Contents Mission Round Table Vol. 11 No. 3 September–December 2016 03 Editorial – Walter McConnell 04 Partnering with the Majority World in the Global Paradigm – Eldon Porter 10 The Challenge and Opportunity of Urban Ministry in China – H. P. 21 Indigenous Mission Movements in China – Steve Z. 33 Partnership with the Global Church: Implications for the Global East – An Interview with Patrick Fung 36 With Bethel in Manchuria – Leslie T. Lyall Cover Photo: The cover photos illustrate just how international mission has become. The first photo shows OMF members at the Central Thailand Field Conference in 1958. Contrast this with the second photo taken at a recent OMF Field Conference held in Thailand and it becomes clear how global OMF has become. Five continents and more than seventeen countries were represented. Nations included Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, The Netherlands, The Philippines, Uruguay, UK, and USA. Also noticeable is an increasing number of ethnic Asians joining from non-Asian countries. Archive photo source: The Millions (March 1958): 27. Photo Credits: Donations: Download: WEA p. 3, Walter McConnell If you would like to contribute to the work PDF versions of Mission Round Table can be of Mission Round Table, donations can be downloaded from www.omf.org/mrt. made to OMF International and earmarked for “Mission Round Table project.” The editorial content of Mission Round Table reflects the opinions of the various authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the views of OMF International (IHQ) Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • British Women Missionaries, Chinese Women, and the Protestant Rescue Project in Hong Kong and China, 1850-1940
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2019 British women missionaries, Chinese women, and the Protestant rescue project in Hong Kong and China, 1850-1940 Tamara Cooper Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] BRITISH WOMEN MISSIONARIES, CHINESE WOMEN, AND THE PROTESTANT RESCUE PROJECT IN HONG KONG AND CHINA, 1850-1940 Tamara Cooper Supervisors: Associate Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Hudson Taylor and China Inland Mission
    Real Life Stories James Hudson Taylor James Hudson Taylor was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, May 21, 1832, and died at Changsha, China, June 3, 1905. His father was a very capable Methodist preacher, and his mother had a sweet and patient spirit. Hudson Taylor was blessed in that he was the combination of the ability of his father and the gentle disposition of his mother. He was converted through the reading of a tract at the age of fifteen, and not long afterward passed through a remarkable experience, at which time he dedicated himself to God for whatever service might be appointed. Unknown to himself, his father, who had been deeply interested in China, had prayed that his son might go to that land as a missionary. Very early, through the reading of Walter Henry Medhurst's China (London 1838), the Lord, answering the prayers of his father, the Taiping Rebellion, and the workings of the Holy Spirit, the thoughts of Hudson were directed to that country. Hudson left for China on September 19, 1853, and from 1854 to 1860 his time was spent in Shanghai, Swatow, and Ningpo, working sometimes in company with older missionaries of other societies and especially with William Chalmers Bums of the English Presbyterian Mission. In time he became an independent worker, trusting God to supply his need. His experiences of God's faithfulness in meeting his own personal needs and the needs of a hospital at Ningpo, of which he had taken charge, had much to do with the founding of China Inland Mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Calais Maine Families : They Came and They Went Thelma Eye Brooks
    Maine State Library Digital Maine Calais Books Calais, Maine 2002 Calais Maine Families : They Came and They Went Thelma Eye Brooks Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalmaine.com/calais_books Recommended Citation Brooks, Thelma Eye, "Calais Maine Families : They aC me and They eW nt" (2002). Calais Books. 2. https://digitalmaine.com/calais_books/2 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Calais, Maine at Digital Maine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Calais Books by an authorized administrator of Digital Maine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CALAIS MAINE FAMILIES THEY CAME AND THEY WENT Thelma Eye Brooks HERITAGE BOOKS, INC. Copyright 2002 Thelma Eye Brooks Published 2002 by HERITAGE BOOKS, INC. 1540E Pointer Ridge Place Bowie, Maryland 20716 1-800-398-7709 www.heritagebooks.com ISBN 0-7884-2135-2 A Complete Catalog Listing Hundreds of Titles On History, Genealogy, and Americana Available Free Upon Request " *'4 - ' ' CALAIS, MAINE FAMILIES THEY CAME AND THEY WENT The families included in this book are the families listed in Book I of Calais Vital Records. I have placed the names in alphabetical order with the page number of the original record following the name of the head of family. The goal of this project was to find three generations of each family - one back from the head of the family and his wife, and the children and their spouses. INTRODUCTION In 1820 in the Calais census there were 61 males between 1 6 -2 6 years living in 64 households. By 1830 there were 399 males between 21 & 30 years living in 225 households.
    [Show full text]
  • 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h
    國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授:賀安娟(Ann Heylen)博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生:陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵,謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題,探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展,分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源,在中國廈門的形成,以及在台灣從清末、日治時期, 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析,本文指出,白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡:一為從 1865 年開始,由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展,從日治時期延 續到戰後,直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止;另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代,白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合,並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續,此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂,直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下,隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為:(一)推動者:從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子,(二)訴求對象:從長老教會的信徒,擴及至台灣社會大眾,(三)推動目 的:從傳揚基督教,達成信仰教育,改變為以普及知識,達成社會教育,(四) 認同取向:從對基督教的信仰認同,發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始,台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代,直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下,白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中,以白話字出版之書籍、刊物,總數量至少近千冊, 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示,以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全,並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外,也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點,在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看,首先是從南洋的麻六甲(1820 年代),繼而到中國廈門 (1850 年代),最後來到台灣(1865 年代)。就歷史的進程而言,台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而,經過百餘年來歷史的發展,隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素,福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此,1980 年代後,隨著 台語文運動的成果,使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權,逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之,台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端,逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞:白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代(1885-1969)、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Protestant Missionaries As Bible Translators
    THE PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES AS BIBLE TRANSLATORS: MISSION AND RIVALRY IN CHINA, 1807-1839 by Clement Tsz Ming Tong A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Religious Studies) UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) July 2016 © Clement Tsz Ming Tong, 2016 ABSTRACT The first generation of Protestant missionaries sent to the China mission, such as Robert Morrison and William Milne, were mostly translators, committing most of their time and energy to language studies, Scripture translation, writing grammar books and compiling dictionaries, as well as printing and distributing bibles and other Christian materials. With little instruction, limited resources, and formidable tasks ahead, these individuals worked under very challenging and at times dangerous conditions, always seeking financial support and recognition from their societies, their denominations and other patrons. These missionaries were much more than literary and linguistic academics – they operated as facilitators of the whole translational process, from research to distribution; they were mission agents in China, representing the interests and visions of their societies and patrons back home. Using rare Chinese Bible manuscripts, including one that has never been examined before, plus a large number of personal correspondence, journals and committee reports, this study seeks to understand the first generation of Protestant missionaries in their own mission settings, to examine the social fabrics within which they operated as “translators”, and to determine what factors and priorities dictated their translation decisions and mission strategies. Although Morrison is often credited with being the first translator of the New Testament into Chinese, the truth of the matter is far more complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Churches and Missions in Penang, Melaka and Singapore from 1786-1842 John Roxborogh (1990)
    Early nineteenth-century foundations of Christianity in Malaya: Churches and missions in Penang, Melaka and Singapore from 1786-1842 John Roxborogh (1990) 1. INTRODUCTION Today Christianity in Malaysia and Singapore seeks an identity which is true to its own energy and cultures at the same time as it is conscious of its participation in a universal faith. It is also important that it be aware of its own history. While associations with the British period have now faded, it remains nevertheless an era worthy of study, just as the nature of that association still requires examination. The years between the arrival of the British in Penang and the signing of the Treaty of Nanking cover a time when British interests in the region developed but did not yet extend beyond the Straits Settlements. It was no accident that this was also a period of Christian expansion, yet the links were on the whole indirect. For the churches, it was a time when if seldom at government direction, then at least under a British umbrella, a new influx of missionary interest both took root and lost impetus. Such an influx was not to be repeated until later in the century and again in the 1950s, and in any case much of the core of modern Christianity in the end derives as much from migrant Christian communities as from the work of missionaries in Malaya. Nevertheless the diversification and growth of the church during the early 19th century was not insignificant. What began as a sleepy community of Catholic Portuguese, over a period of 60 years came to encompass other races and at least some other denominations.
    [Show full text]