English Online Exclusive January 2018
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Design to Execution Into the Suwalki Gap Col. Charles Kemper, Minnesota Army National Guard Maj. Jacob Helgestad, Minnesota Army National Guard Maj. Nathan Colvin, U.S. Army Maj. Simon Cox, British Royal Marines aber Strike is a United States Army Europe commitment to maintaining the independence of the (USAREUR) joint/combined exercise focused in Baltic States through deterrence. the Baltic region of Europe. The annual exercise Among the many component situational and field Slooks to improve interoperability among NATO allies training exercises that entailed Saber Strike 2017, the and partner nations through a series of tactical exercis- decisive operation for the exercise was a multinational air es in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. For Saber assault (AASLT), attack on an objective, and a forward Strike 2017, a single tactical action was used to exercise passage of lines (FPOL) in southern Lithuania. The related aspects of all levels of war (i.e., strategic, opera- mission demonstrated the ability of the combined force tional, and tactical) in a demonstration of the Alliance’s to execute a decisive tactical action, sequenced in time, MILITARY REVIEW ONLINE EXCLUSIVE · JANUARY 2018 1 Suwalki Gap Previous page: Soldiers from Bravo Company, 2nd Combined Arms coping with complications stemming from the legacy of Battalion, 136th Infantry Regiment (Minnesota Army National Guard), different security experiences among the forces as well exit a CH-47 on 17 June 2017 during an air assault into the Suwalki Gap in southern Lithuania. Bravo Company provided an infantry pla- as the use of different languages. toon to X-Ray Company, 45 Commando British Royal Marines, for the The second objective was to conduct a multinational exercise. (Photo courtesy of the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, AASLT into the Suwalki Gap using U.S. Army avia- 34th Infantry Division, Minnesota Army National Guard Public Affairs) tion assets brought to eastern Europe under Operation Atlantic Resolve. The third objective was to conduct a FPOL of enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) Battle space, and purpose in conjunction with other tactical Group Poland to eFP Battle Group Lithuania.1 actions in Saber Strike to support an operational plan The Suwalki Gap is a sixty-mile-wide piece of strate- aimed at creating a theater strategic effect. The focus of gically important land connecting Poland and Lithuania. this paper is on the operations conducted in the Suwalki The Gap offers a corridor for NATO to pass ground Gap in southern Lithuania (see figure 1, page 3). troops into the Baltic region during combat operations, or for Russia as the closest land route to push troops to Exercise Objectives and Preparation Kalingrad. The Suwalki Gap is clearly vital ground. The USAREUR identified three specific training objectives AASLT into, and FPOL through, the Suwalki Gap was for Saber Strike 2017. The training objectives emerged meant to demonstrate the combat power and interop- from a strategic desire to deter outside actors seeking to erability of the NATO alliance while simultaneously undermine the cohesion of the Alliance by demonstrating identifying continued compatibility challenges. the ability of USAREUR and NATO to speedily assem- Training Area. No military installation exists in the ble, decide, and act in a contested environment. Lithuanian portion of the Suwalki Gap. However, the The first, and most challenging, objective was Lithuanian National Defense Volunteer Force (NDVF) improving interoperability between the forces of the conducting their annual Strong Shield exercise within United States, NATO allies, and partner nations. the Suwalki Gap allowed for a linking of exercises. Strong Interoperability is more than just the ability to com- Shield encompassed an area covering approximately municate via radio or other electronic means. The forty kilometers by forty fundamental component is the ability to operate Maj. Nathan Colvin, kilometers, offering sub- tactically as a task force. This requires making dis- U.S. Army, is the opera- stantial training space for similar national doctrine, equipment, and procedures tions officer of 3rd General the AASLT and attack of compatible with one Support Aviation Battalion, Col. Charles Kemper, another while also 10th Aviation Regiment, Maj. Simon Cox, British Minnesota Army 10th Combat Aviation Royal Marines, is the National Guard, is the Maj. Jacob Helgestad, Brigade, Fort Drum, New company commander, commander of the 1st Minnesota Army York. He is a graduate of the X-Ray Company, 45 Armored Brigade Combat National Guard, is the School of Advance Military Commando Royal Marines. Team, 34th Infantry operations officer of 1/34 Studies and holds master’s He has completed the Division (1/34 ABCT), ABCT. He is a graduate degrees from Embry-Riddle Advanced Amphibious and director of Post of the School of Advance Aeronautical University Warfare Course and Market Quality at Boston Military Studies and and Central Michigan Intermediate Command Scientific. He is a graduate has a master’s degree University. He recently and Staff Course (Land) of the Army War College in strategic leadership completed the Strategic at Joint Command and and has an MBA from the from American Military Broadening Seminar at the Staff College, Shrivenham, University of Illinois. He University. He most Intermediate Command United Kingdom. He most most recently served as recently served as the and Staff Course (Land) recently served as amphib- the division operations deputy chief of plans and at Joint Command and ious planner at Striking and officer, 34th Infantry chief of future operations Staff College, Shrivenham, Support Forces NATO, Division. for 34th Infantry Division. United Kingdom. Lisbon, Portugal. MILITARY REVIEW ONLINE EXCLUSIVE · JANUARY 2018 2 Suwalki Gap Description of country Objective Lincoln Friendly state Failing state Neutral state Belligerent state Ethnic Bothnians NATO countries (Photo courtesy of the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 34th Infantry Division, Minnesota Army National Guard Public Affairs) Figure 1. Exercise Saber Strike 2017 Operations Conducted in the Suwalki Gap in Southern Lithuania an objective. The training area itself was civilian-owned In the initial stages of the training scenario, the no- land, coordinated by the Lithuanian military for use by tional enemy airborne battalion deployed a reinforced the AASLT Task Force. Although all helicopter landing company-sized element that established positions zones required coordination and certification prior to on the identified objective for the exercise. Spanning landing, because of the Lithuanian coordination with approximately twelve kilometers along Highway 132, local landowners the ground force had freedom of Objective Lincoln was the objective for the AASLT movement on their patrol routes to the objective. On the task force to seize. Objective Lincoln was further divid- training objective, the opposing force established them- ed into three smaller objectives: Adams, Bush, Carter, selves to allow for the continued flow of civilian traffic all key intersections on Highway 132. while simultaneously preparing a deliberate defense. As a common language, doctrine enables combined Scenario design. In order to provide a shared arms operations. In this exercise, the AASLT plan- understanding of the operational picture driving Saber ning occurred using the U.S. Army 101st Airborne Strike 2017, and specifically the AASLT, attack, and Division’s Air Assault Gold Book, the standard in the FPOL, USAREUR used the Skolkan scenario as the ar- U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, and Field Manual 3-99, chitecture for the opposing force. The Skolkan scenario Airborne and Air Assault Operations. supports a NATO Article 5 response, focused on “pre- Force structure. For this component of Saber Strike, serving the territorial integrity of NATO members”2 the seizing of Objective Lincoln via an AASLT and The final opposing force scheme of maneuver was a subsequent FPOL, identifying a coordinating headquar- multibrigade attack into the Baltics, with Lithuania ters, a ground task force, and an aviation task force were itself having a single enemy division attacking to isolate the critical first steps to building the force structure. The the capital and seize key terrain in the Suwalki Gap. task of developing the force structure for the mission fell Additionally, a notional enemy airborne battalion to the USAREUR Saber Strike planners; looking to have jumped into the Suwalki Gap to seize the two roads a brigade-level lead proved challenging as all brigades that run north and south through the gap and connect participating in Saber Strike 2017 were decisively en- Poland and Lithuania (see figure 2, page 4). gaged in their specific part of the exercise. The exception MILITARY REVIEW ONLINE EXCLUSIVE · JANUARY 2018 3 Suwalki Gap Otso Bothnia Brahea Torrike Tyr II(-) 41 Arnland Areas of Ethnic Bothnians (Photo courtesy of the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 34th Infantry Division, Minnesota Army National Guard Public Affairs) Figure 2. Phase II of Exercise Saber Strike 2017—a Notional Enemy Airborne Battalion Jumps into the Suwalki Gap to Seize Key Terrain was 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 34th Infantry British Royal Marines (X-Ray, 45 Commando) as the Division, Minnesota Army National Guard (1/34 foundation for the ground tactical force. Additional ABCT), which formed the foundation of the U.S. ground forces came from Bravo Company, 2nd contingent of the Saber Strike Exercise Control Group.