Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00004173
IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT LN. 7920-CN
ON A
LOAN
Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF US$84 MILLION
TO THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
FOR A CHONGQING URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION PROJECT ( P086446 )
FEBRUARY 8, 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized
Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice East Asia And Pacific Region
Public Disclosure Authorized
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(Exchange Rate Effective June 2017)
Currency Unit = RMB RMB6.8 = US$1
FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31
Regional Vice President: Victoria Kwakwa Country Director: Bert Hofman Senior Global Practice Director: Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez Practice Manager: Abhas Kumar Jha Task Team Leader(s): Xueman Wang ICR Main Contributor: Minghe Tao
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AHH Affected Households BCR Benefit-Cost Ratio CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBA Cost-benefit Analyses CFB Chongqing Finance Bureau CHB Chongqing Health Bureau CMG Chongqing Municipal Government CTBU Chongqing Technology and Business University CHC Community Health Centers CHS Community Health Stations CPS Country Partnership Strategy CM Chongqing Municipality CMG Chongqing Municipal Government CMAO Chongqing Municipal Audit Office CPMO Chongqing Project Management Office CSCP Chongqing Small Cities Infrastructure Improvement Project CURIP Chongqing Urban Rural Integration Project DRC Design Review Consultant EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan FMS Financial Management Specialist FSR Feasibility Study Report GOC Government of China GDP Gross Domestic Product IOI Intermediate Outcome Indicators IFR Interim Financial Report ISR Implementation Status Results Report KPI Key Performance Indicator MBD Model Bidding Document MEP Ministry of Environmental Protection M&E Monitoring & Evaluation MP Master Plan MS Moderately Satisfactory MU Moderately Unsatisfactory NBF Non-Bank Finance NDRC National Development and Reform Commission NPV Net Present Value NCDP New Countryside Development Program O&M Operations & Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person PHCS Primary Health Care Service PIU Project Implementing Unit PMO Project Management Office PMC Project Management Company RAP Resettlement Action Plan RF Results Framework RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SBD Standard Bidding Document TA Technical Assistance
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DATA SHEET………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ...... 6 A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL ...... 6 B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION (IF APPLICABLE) ...... 11 II. OUTCOME ...... 13 A. RELEVANCE OF PDOs ...... 13 B. ACHIEVEMENT OF PDOs (EFFICACY) ...... 13 C. EFFICIENCY ...... 21 D. JUSTIFICATION OF OVERALL OUTCOME RATING ...... 22 E. OTHER OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS (IF ANY) ...... 22 III. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME ...... 23 A. KEY FACTORS DURING PREPARATION ...... 23 B. KEY FACTORS DURING IMPLEMENTATION ...... 24 IV. BANK PERFORMANCE, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME .. 25 A. QUALITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) ...... 25 B. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND FIDUCIARY COMPLIANCE ...... 26 C. BANK PERFORMANCE ...... 27 D. RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME ...... 30 V. LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 30
ANNEX 1. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND KEY OUTPUTS ...... 32 ANNEX 2. BANK LENDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT/SUPERVISION ...... 42 ANNEX 3. PROJECT COST BY COMPONENT ...... 44 ANNEX 4. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ...... 45 ANNEX 5. BORROWER, CO-FINANCIER AND OTHER PARTNER/STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS ... 52 ANNEX 6. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS (IF ANY) ...... 53 ANNEX 7. ANNEX SUMMARY OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT EXPERIENCES…… 54 ANNEX 8. PROJECT PHOTOS……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
DATA SHEET
BASIC INFORMATION
Product Information Project ID Project Name
CHONGQING URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION PROJECT ( P086446 P086446 )
Country Financing Instrument
China Specific Investment Loan
Original EA Category Revised EA Category
Partial Assessment (B) Partial Assessment (B)
Organizations
Borrower Implementing Agency
People's Republic of China Chongqing PMO
Project Development Objective (PDO)
Original PDO The project development objective is to increase access of residents in participating counties and districts to improved public services including roads, water supply, employment training, and primary health care.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
FINANCING
Original Amount (US$) Revised Amount (US$) Actual Disbursed (US$) World Bank Financing
84,000,000 75,433,454 75,433,454 IBRD-79200 Total 84,000,000 75,433,454 75,433,454
Non-World Bank Financing Borrower 107,850,000 133,630,000 84,342,910 Total 107,850,000 133,630,000 84,342,910 Total Project Cost 191,850,000 209,063,454 159,776,364
KEY DATES
Approval Effectiveness MTR Review Original Closing Actual Closing 03-Jun-2010 18-Oct-2010 22-Mar-2013 30-Jun-2016 30-Jun-2017
RESTRUCTURING AND/OR ADDITIONAL FINANCING
Date(s) Amount Disbursed (US$M) Key Revisions 01-Aug-2013 17.40 Change in Results Framework Change in Components and Cost Change in Disbursements Arrangements Change in Procurement 17-Dec-2015 41.50 Change in Results Framework Change in Components and Cost Change in Loan Closing Date(s) Change in Financing Plan Reallocation between Disbursement Categories Change in Disbursements Arrangements Change in Procurement Change in Implementation Schedule
KEY RATINGS
Outcome Bank Performance M&E Quality Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory Modest
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
RATINGS OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN ISRs
Actual No. Date ISR Archived DO Rating IP Rating Disbursements (US$M) 01 24-Dec-2010 Satisfactory Satisfactory .21
02 03-Aug-2011 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 8.21
03 24-Dec-2012 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 11.72
04 26-Jun-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 17.61
05 22-Dec-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 23.66
06 25-Jun-2014 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 34.85 Moderately 07 11-Dec-2014 Moderately Unsatisfactory 36.49 Unsatisfactory Moderately 08 26-Jun-2015 Moderately Unsatisfactory 41.71 Unsatisfactory Moderately 09 10-Dec-2015 Moderately Unsatisfactory 41.71 Unsatisfactory 10 08-Jun-2016 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 49.44
11 29-Nov-2016 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 57.04
12 05-Jun-2017 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 69.59
SECTORS AND THEMES
Sectors Major Sector/Sector (%)
Education 9 Workforce Development and Vocational Education 9
Health 27 Health 27
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Transportation 39 Rural and Inter-Urban Roads 39
Water, Sanitation and Waste Management 25 Other Water Supply, Sanitation and Waste 25 Management
Themes Major Theme/ Theme (Level 2)/ Theme (Level 3) (%) Private Sector Development 100
Jobs 100
Human Development and Gender 22
Health Systems and Policies 14
Health System Strengthening 14
Education 4
Access to Education 1
Science and Technology 1
Teachers 1
Standards, Curriculum and Textbooks 1
Labor Market Policy and Programs 4
Labor Market Institutions 2
Active Labor Market Programs 2
Urban and Rural Development 65
Rural Development 65
Rural Infrastructure and service delivery 65
Environment and Natural Resource Management 13
Water Resource Management 13
Water Institutions, Policies and Reform 13
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
ADM STAFF
Role At Approval At ICR
Regional Vice President: James M. Adams Victoria Kwakwa
Country Director: Klaus Rohland Bert Hofman
Senior Global Practice Director: John A. Roome Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez
Practice Manager: Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez Abhas Kumar Jha
Task Team Leader(s): Paul Kriss Xueman Wang
ICR Contributing Author: Minghe Tao
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL
Chongqing Municipality (CM) is one of four municipalities with provincial status in China, and is the only one located in the interior. China’s 2010 census reported Chongqing's population was 28.9 million, with an urban population of about 10 million. Chongqing’s 2008 average disposable income per capita for urban households was RMB 15,709 (US$2,300), while the average net income per capita for rural households was RMB 4,126 (US$603). This enormous disparity meant that the average income per capita was 3.8 times higher in urban areas than in rural areas. In view of this, the Chongqing Municipal Government (CMG) committed to reducing the economic and social inequality between urban and rural areas.
This urban/rural disparity was not unique to Chongqing, but was a widespread problem throughout most of China. To tackle the growing urban-rural disparity, the Government of China (GOC) developed a New Countryside Development Program (NCDP) in 2003. The NCDP targeted several aspects of growth, including balancing the social and economic development of cities and the countryside, promoting sustainable increases in rural incomes and improving the basic infrastructure of villages and raising the standards of living. The NCDP also emphasized town development as a strategy for creating local engines of growth and overall rural development. Chongqing was selected as one of five metropolitan regions to pilot the NCDP, and as a result, in 2007 CMG adopted a Master Plan (MP) for implementing balanced development between urban and rural regions. The MP had two objectives: (a) to increase Chongqing’s urbanization rate from the then current level of just under 50%, to at least 55% by 2012, and 70% by 2020; and (b) reduce the urban to rural income per capita disparity from 3.8:1 in 2008 to 3.15:1 by 2012, and 2.5:1 by 2020. Past experiences had shown that investments in rural infrastructure (road connectivity, water supply and wastewater management, etc.), education, and primary health care played important roles in reducing urban-rural disparity. The CMG chose to manage its growing urban-rural inequality by investing in these sectors.
Rationale for Bank Involvement
The Bank supported several projects in Chongqing1, which served as testing grounds for new ideas and reforms that were shared with other municipalities – especially in the lagging western regions. To reduce the inequality gap between urban and rural areas, CMG requested Bank support for its experimental reform program through a series of potential new projects2. The Bank was in a unique position to draw upon the framework and recommendations of the 2009 World Development Report, “Reshaping Economic Geography” to help refine and enhance Chongqing’s own strategic development
1 Chongqing Urban Environmental Project (P049436), Chongqing Small Cities Infrastructure Improvement (P081161). 2 Chongqing Urban-rural Integration Project – Health (P126210), and Chongqing Small Towns Water Environment Management Project (P133117)
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
plan. The Bank had also recently completed analytical studies and policy notes on important topics related to urban-rural integration, which would be used to develop a reform agenda to complement lending investments.
Project Contribution to Higher Level Objectives
From the national perspective, the project was aligned with GOC’s strategic objectives as set out in the Eleventh Five Year Plan (FYP) 2006 - 2010 that aimed at creating a "harmonious society" which would balance economic growth with distributional and environmental concerns. From the Bank's perspective, the project directly supported two prominent themes of the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2006- 2010, which were: (a) facilitating an environmentally sustainable development process; and (b) addressing the needs (water, roads, and health services) of poorer and disadvantaged people and provinces. The project was also consistent with the Bank's urban and water sector strategies for China, which emphasized increasing access, sustainability and affordability of basic services.
Theory of Change (Results Chain)
The project was to support GOC’s objective to reduce the disparities between urban and rural standards of living in CM. The key limitations of raising rural standards of living and encouraging residents to transition to urban/peri-urban employment were their limited access to public services such as roads, water supply, employment opportunities and basic health care. The project’s objective was to assist CMG in reducing such disparities in the target areas. As a result, upon completion the direct beneficiaries (including residents of project counties/districts and villages) would have better road connectivity, a safe and reliable water supply, improved job-specific skills and knowledge, and access to better primary health. The specifics are discussed and diagrammed below:
(i) Improved transport would strengthen linkages between rural and urban areas, encouraging people to work where earnings are higher, while also promoting investments in rural areas and increased agricultural incomes with better links to markets. Improved transport would also facilitate rural residents’ access to social services. A key output was determined to be the building of roads to connect rural to urban centres, while measurable outcomes were the use of the roads by many rural residents and reduced travel times.
(ii) The difference in water supply availability and safety was identified as a key gap between rural and urban living standards. Providing water treatment and distribution would more closely align water standards in rural areas to those of urban areas, and improve the health of rural residents. One measurable outcome was determined to be the number of residents with access to better water services.
(iii) Improving a range of small village infrastructure (roads, water, sanitation service and village centres, etc.) would directly reduce the gap between infrastructure availability in rural and urban areas.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
(iv) Many migrants from rural areas did not have the skills necessary to gain employment in urban areas. To improve their employment opportunities when moving to urban areas, and contribute to the growing economy, large-scale vocational training would help them build the necessary skills. Migrant workers were expected to increase their earning potential by undertaking the training. The output was training courses developed in consultation with local businesses and completed by many migrant workers, although the project design indicated this as the outcome. The higher-level result for the trained workers was determined to be steady employment with higher incomes. A key assumption was that the project would offer training of interest to migrant workers, and that they would participate in it.3
(v) Recognizing both the large gap in health care availability between urban and rural areas, and the high cost of service provision at tertiary hospitals, the theory of change in rural health care was that a rapid expansion of basic (primary) health care in rural areas would be a cost-effective way of improving rural health and reducing the gap with respect to urban health outcomes. The output was the provision of rural health centres (buildings, qualified staff and equipment), while the outcome was the capacity to meet a higher case load, with the overall impact being improved efficiency and equity in health care. It was assumed with an improved road infrastructure, better equipped medical facilities and better trained staff, more rural dwellers would make use of the primary health care centres.
3 The migrant workers received training free of charge or subsidized by the local government.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Theory Of Change (as depicted in Original and Restructured RF) Strategic Activities by components Output (Intermediate Outcome) Outcome PDO Impacts
Increased population with access to Increased number of kilometers of connector Increase access of residents in road transportation networks that Component 1-1: Investment for roads constructed between rural areas and participating districts and counties reduce travel time to main urban county rural roads construction main highway networks in targeted service to improved basic public services - centers (as to boost local economy and areas. roads increase villagers' income.
Component 1-2: Investment for Increased population with access to Increase access of residents in water facilities construction. (All Increased number and volume (m³) of new safe drinking water supply in targeted participating districts and counties activities dropped but switched water supply systems put into operation in service areas (as to minimize water- to improved basic public services - to the local funding after participating counties. borne diseases and improve life quality water supply restructuring) in rural areas) * Reduced rural- Increased number of villages with improved urban disparity in Increase access of residents in village-level infrastructure (secondary roads, Increased share of outpatient case load income, access to Component 2: Investment for participating districts and counties sidewalks, community centers, sanitation at community level in total case load in public services, village level infrastructure to improved basic public services - systems, water pipes) in targeted service targeted service areas etc. primary health care areas. * Increased urbanization.
Increased number of standardized community- Increased population with access to Component 3: Migrant workers' level health care facilities put into operation in primary health care services at the training targeted service areas; New Yubei Hospital; community level in targeted service Report and guide on policy study. areas Increase access of residents in participating districts and counties Component 4: Primary health Increased number of health workers trained in Increased number of trainees to improved basic public services - care services (PHCS) target service areas. successfully completed the vocational vocational education training programs Componet 5: Technical Assistance to support project Increased number of general practitioners implementation and to sustain trained and licensed in targeted service areas. operation
Number of instructors and school administrators trained.
* The dasheline linkage not specified in the RF. Indicators in the dashline boxes removed from RF after restructuring.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Project Development Objectives (PDOs)
The PDO was to assist CM with increasing the access of residents in selected counties and districts to improved public services, including roads, water supply, employment training, and primary health care.
Key Expected Outcomes and Outcome Indicators
There were five broad aims for the project as follows: (a) construct/improve road transportation networks that would reduce travel time; (b) increase safe and reliable supply of water; (c) build and improve basic public service infrastructure in towns and villages; (d) expand access and improve quality of training for rural migrants; and (e) enhance the quality of health care services in rural and peri-urban areas of Chongqing while improving access to these services.
Based on these aims, there were five key outcome indicators: (a) increased population with access to safe drinking water supply in targeted service areas; (b) increased population with access to road transportation networks that reduce travel time to main urban/county centers; (c) increased share (%) of outpatient healthcare caseload at community level to total caseload in targeted service areas; (d) increased number of trainees who successfully complete the vocational training programs; and (e) increased population with access to primary health care services at the community level in the targeted service.
Components
The project had four investment components, and one institutional support and technical assistance (TA) component as detailed below:
Component 1: Roads and Water Supply (Original cost: US$119.68 million; Actual cost: US$43.39 million). Building and developing transportation and water supply networks in the following jurisdictions to increase or provide access to other geographical areas and safe drinking water: (a) In Banan District, construct a class II road (including, bridges and tunnels) from Huimin to Nanpeng and an urban road in Huimin township; (b) In Xiushan County, construct a class I road from Mie’ao to Yangjiadong, which formed a section of Liangting Road and the first phase of road expansion; (c) In Tongliang County, construct five rural roads and seven urban roads in six townships; (d) In Yongchuan District, construct 13 class III-IV roads in Banqiao Town; (e) In Fengjie County, construct a water delivery and distribution network to supply water to Zhuyi Town; (f) In Shizhu County, construct a water treatment plant and distribution network to supply water to Huangshui Town; and (g) In Xiushan County, construct three water treatment plants and related distribution networks to supply water to three towns.
Component 2: Township and Village Infrastructure (Original cost: US$10.71 million; Actual cost: US$9.75 million). Building and improving basic public service infrastructure in Qijiang County, Wanzhou District and Chengkou County, including infrastructure such as roads, service centers, water and
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
wastewater facilities, distribution pipes, and garbage collection stations and points – all with a view to improve or increase access to public services.
Component 3: Migrant Workers’ Training for Transfer and Employment (Original cost: US$13.91 million; Actual cost: US$9.68 million). Expanding access and improving quality of training for rural migrants to enhance their employability by, inter alia: (a) carrying out workshops and TA to strengthen school-industry linkages in selected institutions; (b) providing equipment and upgrading buildings and workshops to facilitate delivery of training programs; (c) updating curricula and training materials to increase the quality and relevance of training; (d) providing teacher training to improve the quality of instruction; (e) designing new tests to improve the assessment of training; and (f) providing TA for capacity building, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), tracer studies and employer surveys – all to improve overall school management.
Component 4: Community Health Care Services (Original cost: US$43.66 million; Actual cost: US$94.47 million). Improving access to, and enhancing quality of health care services in, rural and peri- urban areas as follows: (a) equipping village clinics and urban Community Healthcare Centers (CHC) by providing medical and other equipment and training required for the delivery of health care services; and (b) expanding the Yubei District hospital by constructing additional facilities on a new site, and providing medical, and other equipment for such facilities and training for health care services.
Component 5: Institutional Support and TA (Original cost: US$1.99 million; Actual cost: US$2.27 million). Facilitating project implementation through the provision of TA to: (a) enhance the design, review, and certification of project works; (b) strengthen the capacity of the Project Implementation Entity (Chongqing) at the municipal and county level in the areas of project management, procurement and contract management, accounting and financial management, and compliance with safeguard policies; and (c) conduct a policy study on Operations and Maintenance (O&M) mechanisms for public utilities in rural areas.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION
Revised PDOs
The PDO was not revised.
Revised PDO Indicators
The project underwent two restructurings. At the first restructuring approved August 1, 2013, the Bank agreed to remove: (a) road construction in Banan County (US$38.94M, IBRD US$12.34M); (b) water supply schemes in Fengjie, Shizhu and Xiushan Counties (US$16.98M, IBRD US$7.78M); and (c) infrastructure construction in Wanzhou District (US$0.96M, IBRD US$0.44M). These sub-projects were fully financed by grant funding from GOC which supported CMG to pilot urban-rural reforms. As a
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
result, the key performance indicator (KPI) and related intermediate outcome indicator (IOI) for water supply were removed. The final target for the KPI related to roads was reduced from 306,000 to 227,000 beneficiaries.
At the second approved December 17, 2015, the target values of several indicators were revised to reflect actual implementation progress and the reduced scope of certain subcomponents. In addition, construction of a new road (US$14.3M, IBRDUS$6.88M) in Xiushan County was dropped due to it needing to cross the new Yuhuai railway line. The crossing was not possible because of lengthy delays in the planning and design of the railway and since no timeline could be agreed for the railway or road’s implementation. These changes resulted in Loan savings of US$8.11 million, which were used to finance construction of a new road in Yongchuan District and to upgrade the District hospital in Yubei.
Other Changes
Both restructurings included changes in the project costs and financing plan which were necessary to reflect the project modifications and actual costs. Reductions in project costs also resulted from procurement efficiency and detailed design optimization (see annex 3). The restructurings also increased the disbursement percentage for works first from 60% to 85%, and later from 85% to 100%. This eased the counterpart funding burden so some counties/districts could complete their works in a timely manner. In the second restructuring, Loan proceeds were reallocated to civil works and goods to provide funding to complete Yubei Hospital and the Yongchuan road sub-component. Finally, as part of the second restructuring, the Loan closing date was extended by one year to June 30, 2017 in order to complete the upgraded Yubei Hospital (Bank financed parts) and the Youngchuan road works. After the disbursement grace period was over in October 2017, US$8,566,546 was cancelled.
Rationale for Changes and Implications to the Original Theory of Change
One of the main reasons for these changes was that national grant funding became available to implement some works. As part of GOC’s poverty reduction strategy, GOC allocated significant capital grant funding to CMG to improve rural infrastructure. The relevant counties decided to use these grants to build their water facilities instead of using the Bank loan. A positive aspect of this is that the comprehensive preparation of such subprojects with Bank support enabled the completion of these investments when alternative funding became available.
While some subprojects were dropped, new subprojects were also added. For example, Yongchuan County benefited greatly from road improvements financed by the project, and the local government requested to add one more road during the second project restructuring.
Despite the changes in the subprojects, the overall Theory of Change was not fundamentally affected. The water supply facilities under component 1 were dropped but other water related activities under component 2 supported the theory of change although at a much reduced scale. The added project activities, such as roads, further enhanced achievement of the PDO, except the expanded Yubei Hospital
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
went beyond “primary” health care.
II. OUTCOME
A. RELEVANCE OF PDOs Rating: High
The project supported one of five thematic areas defined in the CPS for China (2006-2010) at the start of the project: Reduce poverty, inequality and social exclusion, through promoting balanced urbanization, sustaining rural livelihoods, and expanding access to basic social and infrastructure services, particularly in the rural areas (pillar 2).
At Loan closure, the PDO remained well aligned with the China CPS for FY13–FY16, Outcomes 2.1-2.4 under Strategic Theme 2 ‘Promoting More Inclusive Development’. For Outcome 2.1 - Increasing access to quality health services and social protection programs, the project supported a range of health care activities, including standardization of community health centers, upgrading and construction of peri- urban high standard hospital, training of rural medical professionals. For Outcome 2.2 - Strengthening skills development programs, the project supported educational institutions to provide improved training for rural migrants to enhance their employability. For Outcome 2.3 - Enhancing opportunities in rural areas and small towns, the project supported rural roads construction and improved accessibility of villagers to markets. Finally under Outcome 2.4 - Improving transport connectivity for more balanced regional development, the project improved connectivity between rural roads and highways or main roads.
The project remained relevant to China’s 13th Five-Year Development Plan (2016-2020), which promotes balanced development between urban and rural and across different regions. CMG’s own 13th Five Year Plan included key activities and targets for urban-rural integration, road connectivity improvement and heath care system reform.
B. ACHIEVEMENT OF PDOs (EFFICACY)
Assessment of Achievement of Each Objective/Outcome
The PDO will be unpacked into four parts: (a) improving access to road transportation networks; (b) increasing access to safe drinking water supply; (c) improving the quality of and access to vocational training programs; and (d) enhancing the quality of and access to health care services in rural and peri- urban areas. Each has equal weight in the assessment.
Direct Project Beneficiaries At closure, the overall number of beneficiaries stood at 6,598,550 compared to the end target of 8,582,570, representing achieving 77% of the target. It is projected that the target number of beneficiaries will only be met (or exceeded) in 2019 when Yubei Hospital comes into full operation, with
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
an additional 2.7 million persons benefiting from it (see health care discussion below).
ROAD TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS Rating: Substantial
As already discussed, two of the original road investments were dropped during the restructurings. Instead, the project completed road construction and improvements of: (a) seven roads totaling 31.5 km in Tongliang County to improve the connectivity of six townships/villages; and (b) 13 roads totaling 46.1 km in Yongchuan District. These sub-projects achieved 100% of the revised target of 77.6 km. (The target was reduced in the first restructuring.) In addition, rural roads totaling 18.16km in three villages in Qijiang and Chengkou counties were constructed, although not included under the IOI in the Results Framework (RF). Per KPI#2 “increased the population with access to road transportation networks that reduce travel times to main urban county centers”, the project roads enabled access for a population of 341,000 compared to the original target of 306,000 and the revised target of 230,000.
Yongchuan County. A new road connecting Chongqing’s 3rd Western Ring Expressway (at Sanjiao entrance) connecting the central urban area with the remote region--Banqiao Town--was constructed in order to improve connectivity and reduce travel times. The new road was Class II, 6.34 km long, and 10m wide. Before the project, the only road connecting the region to other parts of the country was of Class IV type at 6.5m width. This road limited travelling speed, traffic volume, and tonnages of large vehicles--which are essential for local agro-products to access markets. Another 14 rural roads of Class IV, totaling 39.8 km in length and 3-6m in width, were built. These are within and between 10 villages (Liangfenya, Benzun, Gufo, Tongming, Wangjiayan, Xinqiao, Longmentan, Liuxi, Daping and Gaodongzi, with a total population of 40,000) and Banqiao Town (population of 5,000). Before the project, all such rural roads were composed of off-grade mudstone pavement in poor condition, which restricted vehicular speeds to under 10km/h. With the completion of concrete roads, speeds have increased to an average of 20km/h4.
Tongliang District. The project included construction or rehabilitation of three roads: 1) Jinshazhong Road, new, 1.71 km long, secondary urban trunk, Class II, interconnecting Xuefu Avenue and Tonglong Road, facilitated bus operations and reduced travelling time for around 90,000 residents; 2) Huda Road, rehabilitated, 11.25 km of Class III highway, plus secondary urban branch Class III, linking Damiao Town with existing Xiacheng Express (Xiamen to Chengdu via Chongqing) at Hufeng Town, improved connectivity in Damiao and Hufeng regions for the population of 70,000; 3) Tongyan Road and associated accesses, rehabilitated, total length 18.57 km, a combination of highways of Class III-IV and urban road Class II, linking Lufeng Town, Pingtan Town, Banzhu Town and Xinfu Village, with population of around 120,000, improving the connectivity with existing roads in the region (see annex 8’s photos no.2-9 for the project roads in Tongliang).
4 Data source: Beneficiary Survey Report. The survey was organized by PMO/PMC at the project completion.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
The outcomes of the roads in two regions are described as below:
• Increased traffic volumes. With the project completion, in Yongchuan, typical travelling time from Banqiao town to the expressway entrance was reduced from 45 minutes to 15 minutes. Statistics from the local traffic authority indicate that average daily traffic volume for passenger/freight vehicles increased from 270/200 before the project to 500/300 after the project. In Tongliang, Huda Road, the average daily traffic volume between Hufeng and Damiao towns for passenger/freight vehicles increased from 270/250 before the project to 350/300 after the project. • Establishing local road networks and improved connectivity. The road construction/rehabilitation in Yongchuan allowed local farmers from 11 villages to have access to good quality interconnected roads, with improved access to economic livelihood opportunities. By the end of the Project, the density of the road network in Banqiao area improved from 0.99 km to 2.12 km per km2, an increase of 1.13 km with 0.65 km/km2 attributed to the project and the rest to locally funded projects (see annex 8’s photos no.2-8 for the project roads in Yongchuan) • Reduced travelling time. In interviews in Yongchuan county, residents in Banqiao town indicated it used to take around 45 minutes from the exit of the expressway to the center of town, but now it only takes 15 minutes for the same trip due to the road upgrades. • Impetus for local economic development and job creation. The new roads may have attracted investment to the project areas. Because a new road makes it possible to run large cargo trucks suitable for carrying local agro-products to national and international markets, it encourages new processing businesses to set up. For example, in Yongchuan, 11 new enterprises started up after the project completion; among these, Zhaoyu Co. and Kailai started operations in June 2017, and four other companies have built new workshops. Yongchuan county government reported 5 that with the completion of new roads, more food processing industries set up business and, around 8,000 jobs have been created. For instance, in Liuxihegu Agro-Park alone, 500 jobs have already been created with wages of around RMB2000-3000/month. • Income increase of local farmers. A survey in Yongchuan shows that the farmers’ average annual disposable incomes in the project region increased from RMB4000 in 2012 to RMB6600 in 2017. While this cannot be attributed only to the project, the project certainly contributed in a positive way.
Some rural roads constructed under the Component 2 also supported this PDO. Village level rural roads include the following. 1) Rural roads of total length 3.66km in Qinglong village of Xianyi Township, Chengkou County were built as Class IV, connecting rural households and benefiting around 2,000 villagers in the region for their livelihood improvement and agro-production enhancement. 2) Two rural roads constructed in Xishan village of in Qijiang county have total length 4.47 km, benefiting 9,520 local
5 www.ycw.cn for news on dates June 7 2012, January 10 2013, January 4 2014 and July 20 2014; Local newspapers Yongchuan Daily on September 27 2014, November 1 2014
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villagers. As the village is near the Gujianshan tourist atttraction of class 4A6, new roads boost local tourism and benefit around 2,000 villagers who earn income from tourism. The daily traffic volume for passenger/freight vehicles increased from 30/15 before to 85/35 after the project. 3) Four Class IV roads in Cuijiao village, 9.86 km long and 4.5 m wide, benefit 9,520 villagers.
All roads are designed and constructed with good quality, adapted to the local conditions. Urban roads have asphalt concrete surfaces and are furnished with motor and non-motor vehicles lanes, sidewalks and lighting, traffic lights and other amenities. Rural roads are of cement concrete pavement with necessary drainage, traffic signs and lighting. Through a TA study on rural public asset management, local governments became fully aware of the future operation and maintenance (O&M) requirements. Urban roads’ O&M is supported by municipal, district or county governments, while rural roads are the responsibility of township governments and subsidized by a higher-level government budget allocation.
Although two subcomponents were dropped after restructuring, the beneficiary population exceeded both the original and the revised targets. The various roads constructed or rehabilitated under the project respond to the needs for connectivity, market accessibility, and reduction of travelling time. The new roads have improved the local livelihoods and boosted the local economy. The project outcome has been achieved and the efficacy for road transportation networks is rated ‘Substantial’.
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY Rating: Modest
The water supply activities under Component 1 originally supported this part of the PDO and were measured by the KPI on access to safe water supply and the IOI on increased number and volume of new water supply systems. All water related indicators were deleted in the first restructuring when the loan was 21% disbursed. However, these water schemes were completed without IBRD financing at an enlarged capacity (actual 17,500m3/d against original 12,800m3/d), reaching 183,000 beneficiaries compared with the project’s original target of 112,000. The preparation and appraisal of these water schemes under the project played a positive role in enabling these villages to attract GOC grants and complete larger schemes.
Some water supply activities remained under Component 2 for village infrastructure, so “water supply” was not dropped from the PDO. By closing, the project had funded: (1) four water tanks together with an associated raw water pipeline and water distribution network, with a total capacity of 900m3 in Cuijiaocun and Xishan villages in Qijiang County, benefitting 937 people; and (2) one water treatment plant with a capacity of 1,500m3/day plus a about 12 km of main pipelines in Chengkou County, supplying water for 8,700 residents in 4 villages/communities of Xianyi Township and around 20,000 tourists per year with improved quality. The latter now provides a continuous water supply meeting national standards, in contrast to the intermittent supply and high turbidity during rainy seasons before the project. These water supply works provided 1,975 household connections and 1,737 water meters,
6 The quality rating for tourist attractions per Chinese Standards ranging from the highest 5A to the lowest 1A.
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enabling future tariff collection.
A study under the TA contract for the rural asset management under the Component 5 also covered sustainable operation and maintenance for these water facilities, which will assist to reduce the project outcome risks from financial and technical perspectives.
Since the achievement is much lower than originally targeted, the efficacy of the water supply PDO is rated modest.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS Rating: Modest
The investments included: (a) workshops and TA to strengthen school-industry linkages; (b) equipment, building upgrades and workshops to facilitate delivery of training programs in such areas as electrical, computer and cell phone repair/maintenance, automotive, sewing/tailoring, hospitality industry; beekeeping/livestock care (see annex 1 on outputs); (c) updating curricula and training materials to increase the quality and relevance of training; and (d) teacher training to improve the quality of instruction.
KPI #5- Increased number of trainees successfully completed the vocational training programs
At loan closing, 24,340 trainees had received vocational training, exceeding the final target of 13,000 by 87%. The total number of trainers/instructors who received training reached 1,672, exceeding the target of 1,360 people by 23%. Four vocational training institutions in four counties/districts were included the project, with slightly different focuses.
• In Shizhu, new courses mainly focused on car making/repairing and tourism, considering that CM is one of the biggest car-making bases in China and tourism is one of local economic pillars. Training workshops were rehabilitated with modern facilities for practical activities, and 726 instructors received training. The school established linkages with 9 large enterprises in CM regions for practical training and subsequent employment of its graduates. Between 2010 and 2017, 7,559 students graduated from the school; the share of graduates who got jobs rose from 82.7% (in 2010) to 97.97% (in 2017). The job satisfaction rate increased from 60% (in 2010) to 85% (2017). The school also trained farmers in skills such as planting cash crops and herbs, bee- keeping, and livestock feeding, as well as setting up mini-businesses, e-commerce, farm machine operation/maintenance, etc. Between 2011 and 2017, 14,875 farmers were trained for various farming skills. The training school reports that most of the farmers increased their income (see annex 8 photos no. 5-9). • In Yubei, 2,510 instructors received training to enhance their training skills and management capacity. The school focused on both vocational education and migrant workers’ training. The vocational education courses cover 19 majors like computer aided accounting, PC repair and
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applications, electronics and electrical appliances, electro-mechanics, civil works, garment design, civil works design and construction, etc. New courses were developed such as digitized machine building, car making/repairing etc. Between 2012 and 2015, 8,550 students graduated from the school, of which 8,455 received good jobs within 12 months after graduation and 7,027 persons (83%) are satisfied with their jobs. The jobs and other details of the graduates are tracked by the school through mobile apps like QQ and WeChat. A survey indicated that 92% of graduated students found their jobs in Chongqing region and only 8% in outside cities like Beijing and Guangzhou. Apart from vocational education, job skill training was provided to employees of enterprises, freelancers, farmers and migrant workers, on topics like special job certification (special vehicles driving, electrical works, welding), business setup, site safety management and logistics management. In total, 23,291 people received training from 2012 to 2016, and satisfaction with the training rose from 79.6% in 2012 to 93.2% in 2016.
• In Wushan, 333 instructors received training. Between 2013 and 2017, three types of training were offered: 7,541 farmers increased their farming skills (97% satisfaction, income increase by 10%), 6,591 students completed vocational education (97% of graduates got jobs with an average annual income in 2016/2017 of RMB33000-34000), and 33,552 migrant workers took short courses (employability increased from 41% to 93%, satisfaction 93% after training, annual income increase RMB4000-5000 roughly). Employer surveys conducted among the companies hiring these graduates indicates 100% were above moderately satisfied (with 75% highly satisfied) with the professionalism of the new hires, while 100% were above moderately (with 55% highly) satisfied with their job skills.
• In Chongqing Technology and Business University (CTBU), 106 instructors were trained. By project completion, 4,000 people had received vocational training. No outcome level survey data were available.
In general, all four training institutions improved their capacities by improved facilities and increased skills of instructors. Training institutions reformed or developed new curriculums, adapted to the training needs. Trainees expressed satisfaction for their training received and improved employability and income. However, the initial target of the institutional reform which was to refocus diploma education to migrant workers’ training, was partially achieved. The short-term (less than 2 weeks) migrant workers’ training might not suffice to their skill improvement required by the modern industrial employers. Therefore, the achievement of the vocational training objective is rated modest.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL Rating: Modest
The project (a) equipped 687 village clinics and 37 urban Community Health Clinics (CHC) by providing medical and other equipment (office equipment, furnishings) and training general practitioners and health workers required for the delivery of health care services; and (b) laid the groundwork to expand the Yubei District hospital by constructing additional hospital facilities on a new site, and providing
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medical, and other equipment for such facilities and training required for health care services, although the hospital will not be fully completed until the end of 2018, and become operational in 2019.
PDO Outcome Indicator (#4) increased share of outpatient case load at the community level from the total case load in targeted service areas; and (#5) increased population with access to primary health care services at the community level in targeted service areas.
The share of outpatient case loads increased by 23 percentage points, from 1% to 24%, against the incremental target of 18 points, and the population with access to primary health care service at the community level increased by 822,000 persons, 145% more than the final target of 336,000 persons. The achievement of intermediary outcome indicators includes: (a) 822 standardized community-level health care facilities put into operation, exceeding the target of 727 by 13%; (b) 1,672 health workers received training, exceeding the target of 1,360 persons by 23%; and (c) 474 general practitioners who received training, exceeding the target value of 236 persons by 101%.
Yubei Hospital: At appraisal, Yubei Hospital was designed as a Class II-A hospital (regional hospital 100- 500 beds). In late 2010, CMG decided to upgrade Yubei Hospital to Class III-A (provincial level with over 500 beds), to provide better service to a wider area. The new arrangement would allow more sophisticated tertiary treatment at the main hospital, while the surrounding clinics would provide more basic services, thereby minimizing overcrowding at the hospital and optimizing health care resources. The new hospital included an investment plan of RMB695.2 million. However, construction did not start until 2015 due to delays in finalizing the MP for Yubei District. Given the ambitious MP and limited timeframe, the Bank funded only part of construction, including one in-patient building and one out- patient building, a wastewater treatment station, plus the provision of medical equipment for the affiliated community health care centers. At loan closing, all the Bank funded activities had been completed. CMG has committed to completing the hospital by the end of 2018 and making it operational in 2019. Upon commissioning in 2019, an estimated 2.7 million people should benefit
The RF did not incorporate indicators to capture the impacts of this sub-project. Nevertheless, positive changes as a result of the investment were reported by the borrower, including:
• Improved Primary Health Care Service (PHCS) at municipal level. The launching of training of the PHCS staff accelerated the municipal level capacity building program. According to the borrower’s ICR, CMG scaled up its own medical training program across the Municipality, with a total of 3,200 general practitioners trained at the municipal level. Two parallel training programs improved the service quality. A third-party survey indicated that municipal residents’ satisfaction rates with the PHCS (outpatient/inpatient services) increased from 56.1%/54.0% in 2010 to 78.4%/77.8% in 2016.
• Standardized health care facilities: Provision of standardized medical care equipment and devices to community/village level health care agencies helped them to provide standard
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services. Twenty central hospitals in six districts and counties of Wanzhou, Fuling, Beibei, Hechuan, Wansheng and Tongliang, plus 37 community health service centers, were equipped with basic medical equipment and 20 ambulances. All 687 village health clinics in the project areas received standardized medical sets.
• Setup of PHCS network to cover rural areas. The project piloted local government establishment of PHCS networks to cover rural areas of CM. In local terminology, such a network is known as “one health care center for every street, one hospital for every town and one clinic for every village”. Residents can access the network within 30 minutes in rural areas and within 15 minutes in urban areas. A survey indicated that almost all villages are furnished with PHCS clinic(s), typically no further than 1-2 km, or 30 minutes walking time, from the farthest family. Minor physical problems can be handled locally while patients with more serious ailments can be transferred to the large hospital with the guidance and coordination of local PHCS staff.
• The series of studies under the project’s TA contracts promoted health care policy reform for CMG. Deliverables of such studies include Chongqing Municipal Health Care Survey Report, Equity and Efficiency Study Report on Chongqing Municipal Health Care Resource Allocation, Chongqing Municipal Health Care Resource Allocation Standard, Comparative Analysis Report on Regional Health Care Planning, Chongqing Municipal Health Care Planning, Urban-Rural Integrated Health Care Reform and Development Study Report of Chongqing Municipality. This led to the Bank-financed project Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Phase II - Health (Ln. 8171- CN) approved in June 2012. The project improved the access of rural residents to the PHCS and it accelerated the reform of the municipal level PHCS through pilot activities and policy studies. However, Yubei Hospital is beyond the primary health care category and the outcomes associated with Yubei Hospital are not clear because it remains incomplete, although its construction may have some positive impacts on primary health care. The achievement of access to primary health care is modest.
Justification of Overall Efficacy Rating Rating: Modest
Most project outputs met, and some exceeded, targets. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to measure some outcomes, and some likely positive effects of the project may be attributable to other factors as well. When the project was restructured, goals were not adequately adjusted (to the downsizing of water activities, the changed focus of the hospital away from primary care, and the design change away from vocational programs to short training sessions for migrant workers), and it has been difficult to evaluate the final project. In conclusion, for roads, efficacy is rated substantial, while for the other three areas, efficacy is rated modest. Thus, the overall efficacy rating is modest.
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C. EFFICIENCY Rating: Modest
Economic analysis of the project was carried out at completion to assess the economic viability of the project. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows with details provided in annex 4.
The approaches used for economic analysis at project appraisal were applied at completion with data from a beneficiary survey organized by PMO/PMC under the Bank’s guidance. Although some subcomponents were dropped during implementation, the type of economic benefits remained unchanged. The benefits used for economic analysis at completion include road improvements leading to savings in travel time and cost, and productivity increases; and income increases due to training of farmers and migrant workers.
At appraisal, a cost benefit analysis was conducted for all four road subcomponents. However, during implementation, two subcomponents were dropped, so the final cost benefit analysis was conducted only for the remaining subcomponents. The traffic volumes increased to 800 vehicles/day at completion from 600 vehicles/day at appraisal. The average speed increased 10 km per hour, leading to shorter travel times. The construction of roads also increased local agricultural and industrial productivity. The results of the analysis show that the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) of Tongliang Road is 16.7% and 9.2% for Yongchuan Road, above the threshold 8% for investment projects.
At appraisal, a cost benefit analysis was conducted for the Migrant Workers’ Training for Transfer and Employment Component which included four subcomponents. At completion, a final cost benefit analysis was conducted for these same subcomponents. The results of the analysis show that the EIRRs of skills training in Wushan are 18.42%, 20.7% for Yubei, 1.3% for Shizhu, and 14.1% for CTBU.
At appraisal, a cost benefit analysis was also conducted for the Yubei District Central Hospital subcomponent. However, during implementation, the hospital design was upgraded and at loan closing construction of the hospital was not completed. Therefore, the cost benefit analysis was based on best estimates. After the completion, the Yubei District Central Hospital will provide about 800 hospital beds and the beneficiary population is estimated at 2.7 million. The results of the analysis show that the EIRR of Yubei District Central Hospital is forecast to be 10.6%.
At appraisal, a cost effectiveness analysis was conducted for all three subcomponents of the township and village infrastructure improvement. During the first restructuring, one subcomponent (Wanzhou District) was dropped. The cost effectiveness analysis at closing was carried out on the remaining subcomponents. The main benefits of the subcomponents include drinking water and rural access roads for villagers. The analysis shows that the costs of the rural roads were higher than cost estimates at appraisal and average costs of other village roads in this region. For drinking water, every RMB10,000 investment will benefit 1.8 households, which is higher than in a similar Bank project recently completed in Ningbo (0.54).
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Financial Analysis at closing was carried out at project level and entity level. The financial analysis at project level was only conducted for the skills training for migrant workers, which generated financial income by providing training, while the financial analysis at entity level was conducted at the Yubei District Central Hospital. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows and the details are included in annex 4.
The results of the analysis show that the incomes of all subcomponents of skills training for migrant workers are sufficient to cover their training expenses and debt service, while Yubei District Central Hospital will be able to generate sufficient income to cover its expenses and debt service when it goes into operation in 2019.
Administrative efficiency. The project preparation cost US$185,210 of Bank budget and took 15 months from the concept note review to Board approval. The preparation was efficient and the cost was lower than other lending projects in China. The implementation cost amounted to US$394,358 of Bank budget for six and a half years. The implementation cost was at an average level among the lending projects in China. A one year extension with an estimated cost around US$60,000 was important for successful closure. The overall budget was worth spending as the project achieved an outcome for over six million beneficiaries. The extension slightly increased the project management costs of the borrowers (such as USD0.3 million for PMC). At the extended loan closing, all the Bank funded project activities had completed.
In summary, project changes in roads, water components and redistributing significant funds for Yubei Hospital, affected the economic impacts. The initially migrant employment focused training was extended to include farmers’ training and vocational diploma education. Although the total number trainees increased, but the target for migrant employment training was affected. Efficiency is rated as modest.
D. JUSTIFICATION OF OVERALL OUTCOME RATING Rating: Moderately Unsatisfactory
The relevance of the PDO was high at appraisal and throughout implementation. The output targets were met and in some cases exceeded. Both efficacy and efficiency were rated modest. Hence, the overall project outcome is rated ‘Moderately Unsatisfactory’.
E. OTHER OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS (IF ANY)
Gender Aspects. The project did not specifically include a gender empowerment component. However, it is estimated that among the 6,598,550 direct beneficiaries, 48% were female. Provision of better quality water supply and equipping 687 village clinics and 37 urban CHCs would generally bring significant benefits to women and children.
Institutional Strengthening. Capacity building and training were provided in the design review, along
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with financial management, environmental management, procurement, contract management, and construction supervision management to the PMOs and PIUs during implementation, which helped ensure that the project’s procurement and disbursement could meet Bank requirements. Funding to four vocational education institutions helped them to reform their curriculum, develop new courses and training of instructor. Training for the health care staff improved the capacity and quality of the health care sector.
Mobilizing Private Sector Financing The project did not mobilize private sector financing for transport, water, health or education, because these types of investments in rural areas are typically suitable for public investment since they lack large financial returns, but have socio-economic justification. Nevertheless, roads rehabilitation attracted other private sector investments to the project areas as detailed in Section II-B for efficacy.
Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity. Poverty reduction in rural areas in China has been listed as one of the major tasks in the development agenda. Investments in rural infrastructure (road transportation connectivity, water supply and wastewater management, etc.), rural education, and rural primary health care will play important roles in reducing urban-rural disparities. Therefore, the project contributed to poverty reduction and shared prosperity. A good example is that in Banqiao Town of Yongchuan County, where the roads were built, some agro-businesses and food processing factories were set up and jobs were created. Those villagers with new jobs have significantly increased their income.
III. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME
A. KEY FACTORS DURING PREPARATION
PDO. The PDO was clear and practical and remained highly relevant to the development priorities of the national and Chongqing Municipal governments throughout implementation. It remained responsive to the policy priorities of CMG as stated above. However, as part of the NCDP, where the aim was to diminish disparities between urban and rural areas, the PDO was mostly set at the output level of just measuring increased access to four sets of services. A more outcome oriented PDO might have been to reduce service disparities between Chongqing’s urban and rural populations.
Design. The project design was comprehensive and technically sound, targeting four key areas where access to services in rural areas was lacking compared to urban areas, and where closing that gap could reduce urban/rural disparities. It was internally consistent, and addressed key issues of urban-rural integration development, and weak capacity in the small towns of Chongqing Municipality. However, the project design did include some noteworthy deficiencies. Firstly, the inclusion of the sub-projects which were seeking local funding simultaneously from GOC was questionable and ultimately their dropping out led to the first restructuring. Secondly, the project design included 16 counties/districts, scattered over 82,300 km2 of Chongqing Municipality, which made Project coordination, management
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and supervision very challenging. The project might have included some institutional training at village level to promote sustainability.
Results Framework (RF). The RF was inadequately designed, which made it difficult to measure and monitor project progress towards achieving the PDO (see also the M&E section). The RF relied too heavily on simpler outputs, and did not contain any measurements of the extent to which the works and training in four service areas would reduce urban-rural disparities. No indicators on technical quality, beneficiary satisfaction or measures of sustainability were included either.
Government Commitment. CMG’s commitment to the project was high, as evidenced in (i) providing all project preparation documents promptly and guiding the project preparation; (ii) effective coordination at the county/district levels during project preparation; and (iii) providing sufficient counterpart funding for project preparation. At the local level, project towns were highly committed to the project by actively submitting/revising subproject proposals, and mobilizing local resources for preparation.
Adequacy of Identification of Risks and Mitigation Measures
The overall risk rating at appraisal was assessed as “modest”. Most risks were correctly identified and had mitigation measures put in place. The substantial risks of low capacity of PIUs and the difficulty to monitor and supervise project activities located over 16 counties were correctly identified, and this proved to be a major challenge during implementation. The mitigation measures, which included strong support from Chongqing Project Management Office (CPMO), the TA from a team of consultants, regular trainings, and Bank supervision missions helped mitigate such risk.
However, the availability of national grant funding to support the water supply subprojects led to the deletion of the major water activities at the first restructuring. It is not uncommon that the GOC provides grant financing to support poor regions, so the Bank should have identified this risk and encouraged the borrower to identify and prepare alternative sub-projects.
The risk of delays in constructing Yubei hospital was not identified though the long delays were largely due to CMG adjusting its regional MP for Yubei District. The new plan demanded a larger and higher- class hospital to provide services to more people. While it might be difficult for the Bank to identify policy change, some risks associated with Yubei hospital, could have been identified given the rapid development of the region and continuous health care reform by the government (see section B below).
B. KEY FACTORS DURING IMPLEMENTATION
New Countryside Development Program (NCDP) impact on project implementation. In parallel with the CURIP, both GOC and CMG allocated funds to support rural development through the NCDP. With grant funding available, some of the participating counties decided to avail themselves of the grant funds rather than to use the Bank loan. This availability of grant funding led to the removal of the key
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water supply activities and certain roads activities and resulted in the two restructurings.
Reform in Health Care System: GOC and CMG had been continuously reforming the health care system. Early in project implementation, a new system – the Classified Health Care system -- was proposed to optimize the utilization of health care resources. Yubei Hospital was initially proposed as a Class II-A hospital, serving the middle level health care needs. As part of the new MP for the region, CMG decided to upgrade Yubei Hospital to Class III-A to serve a much wider area and a larger population. The initial loan allocation was doubled at the loan closing. Although the new hospital would no longer be serving primary health care needs, CMG believed that such a large high standard hospital would play a leading role in the establishment of high-quality/-standard services in the classified primary health system. A late decision on upgrading the size and capacity of Yubei Hospital led to the loan closing date extension and the second restructuring.
IV BANK PERFORMANCE, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME
A. QUALITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) Rating: Modest
M&E Design. The RF had some significant shortcomings, as it focused more on “data capture” instead of “evaluation”, limiting the ability of the Borrower and the Bank to assess the effectiveness of the investments in reducing the service disparities between urban and rural areas which was the project’s implied higher level objective. For the roads component, the KPI measured increased population with access to road transportation networks that reduce travel time to main urban county centers. That KPI should have been accompanied by IOIs to measure reduced travel times for Huiyi Road in Banan District and the road in Xiushan County, the two major roads investments under Component 1. The RF could have contained other outcomes of road investments such as increased road network density as a measure of increased connectivity for townships (Tongliang and Yongchuan).
The role of IOIs is to measure key physical outputs. However, the IOI related to the township infrastructure was simply counting the number of towns with improved infrastructure as opposed to including indicators to facilitate the understanding of how those services benefited the end users. The M&E design relied heavily on CMG statistics rather than on surveys. Surveys could have been used to gather information on beneficiary satisfaction with the delivered infrastructure and to track road usage. The KPI on vocational training simply measured the number of people who successfully completed training which is an output, but the M&E should have gone a step further with tracer studies to determine the extent to which the project training helped trainees find better paying jobs in their chosen fields (tracer studies are mentioned in the detailed project design, but were not incorporated into the RF). With regard to the primary health component, annex 4 of the PAD mentions that the new health care system would boost efficiency of health care, yet no indicators were designed to measure such gain. At the first restructuring, while water supply remained part of the PDO, the related KPI and IOI were removed, which made it difficult to assess the achievement of the water investments in Qijiang and Chengkou. When the second restructuring allocated loan proceeds to further upgrade Yubei
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Hospital, thus shifting away from the focus on “primary” health care, the related KPI of expanding access to primary health care was not changed.
M&E Implementation. Data required by the RF was straightforward and were collected by the PIUs, based on either the project progress (IOI level) and governmental statistics. The PMO, with assistance from PMC, incorporated such information into semi-annual/ annual progress reports as well as the borrower’s ICR. The CPMO was responsible for coordinating and presenting the required data from multiple PIUs, and the M&E implementation was effective. No major issues were found in collecting or analyzing the data throughout the project period.
M&E Utilization. The M&E system was utilized for monitoring implementation progress. It helped to identify the issues like slow progress in project implementation, especially in the early stage. Consequently, the team rated progress toward achievement of the PDO and implementation progress moderately unsatisfactory and increased supervision resources. However, there were some shortcomings in M&E utilization as well: (a) the deficiencies in design were not properly remedied. Evaluative analysis of the project’s impact was limited. For instance, the extent to which beneficiaries benefited from the new roads is unknown; (b) some indicators for those water related activities should not have been deleted from the M&E during the restructuring;
Justification of Overall Rating of Quality of M&E. Due to the shortcomings in design and the missed opportunities for improvement, the overall rating of M&E is modest.
B. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND FIDUCIARY COMPLIANCE The safeguard policies triggered under the project included Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) and Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). Safety of Dams was no longer included when the water supply activities were dropped after the first restructuring, although this was not explicitly stated in the restructuring paper. The Bank safeguards policies were satisfactorily complied with.
Environmental Safeguards. The Environment Impact Assessment documents (EIAs) and Environment Management Plan (EMPs) for each of the implementing agencies were prepared according to national policies and regulations, and the Bank safeguard policies. The originally prepared documents were disclosed on the local government website in Chinese and at the World Bank Infoshop in English between April 2009 and January 2010. The EIA for the Wangliao Road Extension for Yongchuan District, added with the second restructuring, was disclosed in March 2015. Implementation of the EMP was rated satisfactory. During project implementation air quality PM10 and noise levels at construction sites were monitored by site environmental supervision engineers, and all monitoring results were in accordance with the stipulated standards (GB3095-96 and GB/T14623). Samples of both raw surface water and treated water (clean water) of the water supply sub-project for the Chengkou water treatment plant were collected and analyzed. All laboratory results met the stipulated Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and Drinking Water Standards
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(GB/T5750-2006).
Social Safeguards. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), as a consolidated report for land acquisition land and other assets, and for resettlement, compensation and rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons (PAP) was published in September 2009 for components 1 & 2. Execution of resettlement activities was ‘moderately satisfactory’. External monitoring of safeguard implementation was carried out in accordance with the legal agreements and a final report on RAP implementation was prepared by the independent consultant hired under the PMC contract. Actual resettlement impacts included 412.526 mu of permanently acquired land, which affected 593 households or 2,837 people, and 70 m2 of residential housing were demolished which affected seven houses and 25 people. Some land was temporarily used for water pipe installation, but most of it was along main urban roads and the land was returned to the owners shortly after installation was completed. Some temporary land use affected crops and farmers received compensation according to local government regulations. The compensation rates for resettlement and land acquisition exceeded the rates agreed in the RAP. The original cost estimates (USD50 million) for land acquisition and resettlement were much lower than the actual (USD15 Million) because the water and road component was reduced. However, compensation to each of the affected households was increased due to the increase of land prices and more favorable compensation policies issued after initial estimation made several years ago. External monitoring reports indicated that the RAP implementation had limited impacts on the income, livelihood and agricultural activities of households because only a minor portion of their land was acquired. Such impacts were also offset by the project impacts on job creation, local economic development and increased access to public services of urban area,
Financial Management. Adequate financial management arrangements were put in place to ensure proper use and accounting of project funds. Interim Financial Reports (IFR) were audited and submitted for Bank review within the specified time frame. The Bank financial management experts reviewed IFRs for compliance with Bank policies on a regular basis. All audit reports received unqualified (clean) opinions. Some minor issues due to initial lack of experience in Bank FM procedures for PIUs level staff were rapidly solved thanks to the training given by the Bank and PMO/PMC. Bank FM policies were satisfactorily complied with.
Procurement. Procurement performance was ‘satisfactory’, and was carried out in accordance with Bank policy. The PPMO and PMOs designated staff responsible for procurement, some of whom had experience with previous Bank projects. The procurement agent assisted the client well. Procurement plans were realistic and detailed and were updated regularly. Bidding and contracting, including for variation orders, generally followed the procurement plans and guidelines. No misprocurement was declared in the project, and no integrity and corruption was reported. Complaints were properly handled to the satisfaction of the parties involved.
C. BANK PERFORMANCE
Quality at Entry
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Rating: Moderately Satisfactory
Starting in early 2009, the Bank mobilized a full cadre of specialists of multiple disciplines over 18 months to prepare the project. The Bank did comprehensive background studies to understand the national development strategies and to understand the context of the project in Chongqing. The project concept, focusing on the improvement of basic services in rural areas to reduce the disparities with urban areas, was well aligned to the NCDP approach focusing on infrastructure improvement. However, the technical design program to implement various activities in 16 counties/districts/sectors was ambitious. The team underestimated the challenges of implementing and coordinating this multi- sectoral project across the vast territory of Chongqing.
The Bank made the unfortunate decision to list the four areas of intervention in the PDO, which would become problematic in implementation when most of the water supply components were dropped and the borrower shifted its health care focus from primary to tertiary for Yubei Hospital. M&E design largely focused on outputs, making it difficult to assess the project’s development impact in terms of narrowing urban/rural service disparities. Three safeguard policies were triggered appropriately and the Bank carefully reviewed the corresponding safeguards documents at appraisal. Key environmental issues were properly addressed and mitigation measures were identified in the Environmental Management Plan. The main adverse social impacts were largely related to land acquisition and demolition of houses for the infrastructural components (1 & 2) of the project. Such impacts were fully mitigated through early public consultations.
In general, the Bank properly rooted the design of the project in the existing policy context, and applied thorough technical knowledge into an analysis of alternatives that helped to appropriately scope the project and identify the most suitable technologies. The project’s design also built upon previous projects7 and lessons learned. The Bank helped bring international best practice such as the sustainable operation of rural water schemes to Chongqing. The Bank had adequately identified the project risks, and proposed risk mitigation measures at the project appraisal. However, due to the weaknesses in the M&E design and the overly ambitious scope of the activities, the Bank performance is rated ‘Moderately Satisfactory’.
Quality at Supervision Rating: Moderately Unsatisfactory Bank supervision input was adequate and averaged twice a year. This ensured timely monitoring of the project implementation processes. The performance reporting was candid and the quality was reasonable: problems and issues were identified and recorded in the Implementation Status Results Reports (ISR) and other documents communicated with the Borrower. The actions were addressed and followed up properly. The main issues, such as the deleting of project activities including water supply and some road construction and the delays related to Yubei hospital and then upgrading from Class II- A to Class III-A, were all properly recorded and coordinated with the PMO/PIUs. The MTR was carried
7 Refer to the Annex 2 in PAD: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank/or other Agencies.
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out in March 2013, leading to the first restructuring in August 2013. In December 2014 after the progress toward the PDO and implementation progress were both downgraded moderately unsatisfactory (MU), the team took appropriate steps to respond to the challenges, such as shortages of counterpart funds from Xiushan County. After 18 months in MU status, the project was finally upgraded to moderately satisfactory (MS) in June 2016. The two project restructurings which raised the disbursement percentages for works from the original 60% to 85%, and finally to 100%, helped ease concerns on insufficient and late counterpart funds for the investments which were facing slow implementation.
The Bank’s missions received close client support and provided practical advice to assist with problem solving. This enabled PMOs and PIUs to enhance their capacity to implement the project. The task team also provided technical support to the Borrowers for a better option: one of the Yongchuan roads initially was proposed to be rehabilitated, but technical advice led to building a new road so as to minimize environmental impacts, reduce costs and enhance the robustness of the road network.8
On the other hand, while the PDO remained unchanged, the KPI and IOI for water were removed when the water components were deleted from component 1. While some very small water investment remained in the project under Component 2, in retrospect, it would have made more sense to delete “water supply” from the PDO as well. Furthermore, the Bank missed an opportunity to strengthen the RF with the second restructuring on December 17, 2015.
The Bank supervision missions, including fiduciary and safeguards supervision, were considered adequate as for the identification of issues. Some issues remained for a protracted period without properly being solved (such as the construction of Yubei Hospital which was delayed by more than four years, and resettlement issue in Tongliang, solved just at the loan closing although the works had been completed three years earlier). The Bank’s input in terms of staff weeks and costs spent on the supervision over a duration of approximately six years was 96 staff weeks. As mentioned in the borrower’s ICR, the Bank was expected by PMO/PIUs to have more resources allocated for the supervision, including more training on safeguards, fiduciary management.
Due to the mentioned deficiencies, the Bank failed to effectively solve the problems during restructurings. Hence, the Bank’s performance for quality of supervision was rated as ‘Moderately Unsatisfactory’.
Justification of Overall Rating of Bank Performance Rating: Moderately Unsatisfactory
It should be highlighted that the borrower widely acknowledged the Bank’s support during the implementation, noting that the task team’s close supervision, responsiveness and practical advice
8 Initially there is only one road for Banqiao Town connecting outside. With new road constructed instead of old road reconstruction, the density of the road network increased.
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enabled PMOs and PIUs to enhance their capacity to implement the project. However, due to the shortcomings in both quality at entry and quality of supervision mentioned above, the overall rating of the Bank Performance was rated as ‘Moderately Unsatisfactory’.
D. RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME Rating: Substantial
While appropriate measures were taken at appraisal to mitigate risks and the project implementation units pledged to take appropriate measures to reduce risks post-completion, some risks still existed.
Risk of O&M for village-level water supply systems (Rating: Substantial). Water quality could have been a risk due to possible contamination of its raw water, the simple treatment process employed, and insufficient water quality monitoring. To mitigate such risks, as part of the TA to ensure the sustainable operation of the water facilities, a guide ‘Rural Infrastructure Survey and Asset Management Guide’ was prepared and circulated among government authorities, PIUs and future operation agencies. The government committed to support operations with a Rural Water Conservation Fund. A long term technically and financially sound option still needs to be institutionalized at the policy level.
Risk that the suburban districts/counties may not have ample budgetary and administrative capacity to carry out proper O&M of the road assets (Rating: Substantial). Per domestic practice, O&M of rural roads is the responsibility township governments or village committees, who may not be able to provide adequate funding for the management of the built assets.
Shortage of funding for the replacement of low value assets with short life spans for village level health care clinics (Rating: Substantial). Such devices may be subject to renewal in three to five years in order to maintain the desired service levels, but there is no plan for allocating budget for such replacements.
V. LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Flexibility in project design and preparing for “Plan B”. It is not uncommon in China for sub-projects appraised by the Bank to be dropped when alternative funding sources become available. At appraisal, the team could have appraised more potential subprojects that would have provided a basis for adding subprojects as well as using loan savings. Having alternative subprojects ready to go would have reduced the long delays seen between the decision to drop a subcomponent and appraisal of a replacement. Another way to increase flexibility is to avoid listing the specific sectors to be included under “access to services” but to let the KPIs and IOI define those service areas.
Challenges of including multi-sectoral projects. The project rightly tackled the key sectors which are essential for urban-rural integration in China: roads; water supply; vocational education; and health
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care. However, a multi-sectoral project requires a wide set of skills and expertise for both project design and implementation. During preparation, the Bank brought in expertise from these disciplines, but this was less the case for supervision. This lack of expertise in all key focal areas, to some extent, affected the effectiveness of the project implementation.
Piloting an approach with more intensive investment. The project was scattered over 16 counties, with most of the sites having only a single sectoral intervention. This fragmentation not only greatly increased the challenges of overall coordination and management of the sub-projects, but it also diluted the demonstration impact of bringing the integrated services to rural areas. Selecting fewer project sites and supplying each with more inputs would demonstrate the intensity of impacts possible with a multi-sectoral approach, rather than focusing on a widespread area which diluted effects.
Importance of a Strong Results Framework. Care should be taken to design a RF where the project’s theory of change is well portrayed, and outcomes are measured. For example, for roads, indicators that demonstrate the project’s expected outputs (km of roads), intermediate outcomes (time travel reductions) and higher level outcomes (increased connectivity) should be included. Care needs to be taken during restructurings to make sure the theory of change remains clear, and indicators cover . outcomes from the revised project.
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ANNEX 1. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND KEY OUTPUTS
A. RESULTS INDICATORS
A.1 PDO Indicators
Objective/Outcome: Assist Chongqing Municipality in increasing access of residents in selected counties and districts to improved public services - roads Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased population (000) Number 0.00 306.00 230.00 341.00 with access to road transportation networks that 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017 reduce travel time to main urban county centers
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved. At loan closing, the increased population with access to road transportation has exceeded the revised target figure by 111,000 (48%).
Objective/Outcome: Assist Chongqing Municipality in increasing access of residents in selected counties and districts to improved public services - water supply
Objective/Outcome: Assist Chongqing Municipality in increasing access of residents in selected counties and districts to improved public services - employment training
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Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of trainees Number 0.00 13.00 13.00 24.34 (000) successfully completed the vocational training 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017 programs
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved. Increased number of trainees successfully completed the vocational training programs has exceeded the target by 11,340 (87%)
Objective/Outcome: Assist Chongqing Municipality in increasing access of residents in selected counties and districts to improved public services, including roads - primary health care. Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased share (%) of Percentage 0.00 18.00 18.00 23.00 outpatient case load at community level in total case 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 load in targeted service areas
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved. At loan closing, increased share (%) of outpatient case load at community level in total case load in targeted service area has achieved by additional 5%.
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased population (000) Number 0.00 336.00 336.00 822.00 with access to primary health care services at the 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017
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community level in targeted service areas
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved. Increased population with access to primary health care services at the community level in targeted service areas has exceeded by 486,000 (145%)
Unlinked Indicators Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Direct project beneficiaries Number 0.00 785000.00 8582570.00 6672860.00
03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017
Female beneficiaries Percentage 0.00 48.00 48.00 48.00
03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017
Comments (achievements against targets): The target was not achieved due the ongoing construction of Yube Hospital by loan closing (expected to be operable from 2019). The initial beneficiary population from Yubei Hospital was decreased from 2,700,000 to 40,000, which are mainly from the two local clinics plus one community center.
A.2 Intermediate Results Indicators
Component: Component 1 Roads
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of Number 0.00 100.50 77.60 77.60
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kilometers of connector 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 17-Dec-2015 30-Jun-2017 roads constructed between rural areas and main highway networks in targeted service areas.
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved. Increased number of kilometers of connector roads constructed between rural areas and main highway networks in targeted service areas has achieved the formally revised target value (after 2nd restructuring). (Those village-level roads are not counted).
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of villages Number 0.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 with improved village-level infrastructure (secondary 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 01-Aug-2013 30-Jun-2017 roads, sidewalks, community centers, sanitation systems, water pipes) in targeted service areas.
Comments (achievements against targets): The revised target has achieved. The number of village with improved village-level infrastructure (secondary roads, sidewalks, community centers, sanitation systems, water pipes) in targeted service areas) is 3.
Component: Component 2 - Township and Village Infrastructure
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of villages Number 0.00 5.00 3.00 3.00
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with improved village-level 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 01-Aug-2013 30-Jun-2017 infrastructure (secondary roads, sidewalks, community centers, sanitation systems, water pipes) in targeted service areas.
Comments (achievements against targets): The revised target has achieved. The number of village with improved village-level infrastructure (secondary roads, sidewalks, community centers, sanitation systems, water pipes) in targeted service areas) is 3.
Component: Component 3 - Migrant Workers’ Training for Transfer and Employment
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Number of instructors and Number 0.00 416.00 1230.00 school administrators trained. 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017
Comments (achievements against targets): Achieved the target. The number of trained instructors and administrators exceeded the target by 814 (196%).
Component: Component 4 - Community Health Care Services
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of Number 0.00 734.00 727.00 822.00 standardized community level health care facilities put 30-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 17-Dec-2015 30-Jun-2017
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into operation in target service areas
Comments (achievements against targets): The revised target (2nd restructuring) has achieved and exceeded by 95 number (13%).
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of health Number 0.00 1360.00 1672.00 workers trained in target service areas. 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017
Comments (achievements against targets): Target achieved and exceeded by 312 number (23%).
Formally Revised Actual Achieved at Indicator Name Unit of Measure Baseline Original Target Target Completion Increased number of general Number 0.00 236.00 474.00 practitioners trained and licensed in targeted service 03-Jun-2010 03-Jun-2010 30-Jun-2017 areas.
Comments (achievements against targets): The target achieved and exceeded by 238 no. (101%)
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B. KEY OUTPUTS BY COMPONENT
Objective/Outcome 1: Increase access of residents in participating districts and counties to improved basic public service of water supply. Increased population with access to safe drinking water supply in targeted service areas. Indicator was dropped after the 2013 Outcome Indicators restructuring. Based on the populations of remaining service areas (Qijiang, Chengkou), the number of beneficiaries is estimated at 19,800 (vs the appraisal estimate of 112,000.) Original target was “increased number and volume (m3) of new water supply systems put into operation in participating Intermediate Results Indicators counties” with a target of 12,800m3. This was dropped with the 2013 RP. Actual =1500m3/d + 900 m3 (4 storage tanks) Component 1: All activities were dropped in the 2013 RP Component 2: In Qijiang Country outputs: 4 water storage tanks Key Outputs by Component with a total capacity of 900m3 and 286 km of pipelines. (linked to the achievement of Objective/Outcome 1) Chengkou County, outputs: water treatment plant with a capacity of 1500 m3/d, 5.5 km of water mains and 60km of pipelines. Objective/Outcome 2: Increase access of residents in participating districts and counties to improved basic public service of roads. Increased population with access to road transportation Outcome Indicators networks that reduce travel time to main urban county centers: original target=306,000; Revised target=230,000; Actual=241,000 Increased number of kilometers of connector roads constructed Intermediate Results Indicators between rural areas and main highway networks in targeted
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service areas: original target=100.5km; revised target=77.6km. Actual=77.6 km Increased number of villages with improved village-level infrastructure: original target=5; revised target=3; 3 actual=3 Component 1: Banan District Huiyi Road Expansion dropped in 2013 RP; Xiushan County to Liangting Road dropped in 2015 RP. Tongliang: construction of roads totaling 31.5km, including five class III-IV road of 25.6km, and urban secondary road and urban branch road of 5.9km (road width of 6.5m to 26m). Key Outputs by Component Yongchuan: construction of roads totaling 46.1km, including 13 (linked to the achievement of the Objective/Outcome 2) village roads of 39.76km (road width of 6.5m to 7.5m), and a highway connector of 6.34km (road width of 10m) between Banqiao and Sanjiao Component 2: construction of roads totaling 14.5km in two villages in Qijiang county and 3.66km in one village in Chengkou county Objective/Outcome 3: Increase access of residents in participating districts and counties to improved basic public services of primary health care. 1. Increased share of outpatient case load at community level in total case load in targeted service areas: 23% (actual, vs original target of 18%) Outcome Indicators 2. Increased population with access to primary health care services at the community level in targeted service areas: 822,000 (actual, vs original target of 336,000)
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1. Increased number of standardized community-level health care facilities put into operation in targeted service areas=822 (actual, vs original target of 734 and revised target of 727) Intermediate Results Indicators 2. Increased number of health workers trained in target service areas=1672 (actual, vs original target of 1360, target not revised). 3. Increased number of general practitioners trained and licensed in targeted service areas= 474 (actual, vs original target of 236) Component 3: procurement of medical equipment such as 13 sets of X-ray machines, etc., and 20 ambulances; ‘TA on Policy Study Primary Health Care Reform’, ‘Development of Strategic Key Outputs by Component Plan for Rural and Urban Integrated Health Reform and (linked to the achievement of the Objective/Outcome 3) Development’, Project Management for the Primary Health Care component; training, study tours and workshops on project launching and completion. Objective/Outcome 4: Increase access of residents in participating districts and counties to improved basic public services of vocational education 1. Increased number of trainees successfully completed the Outcome Indicators vocational training programs: 24,340 (actual, vs original target of 13,000) 1. Number of instructors and school administrators trained: 1230 Intermediate Results Indicators (actual, vs original target of 416 and target not revised) Component 4, Yubei, Wushan, Shizhu: equipment procured included (but not limited to) computer equipment, tourism- Key Outputs by Component related equipment, electronic equipment, architectural (linked to the achievement of the Objective/Outcome 4) equipment, automobile maintenance equipment, sewing machines (for seamstress & tailor training), books and software.
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TAs were procured to conduct tracer studies on satisfaction rates; trainings, study tours and workshops. In addition, under the Institutional Support component, the project financed the construction of a campus road and related pipe networks; equipment (computers, multi-media, air conditioning, furniture, numerical control machine tools and automobile assembly equipment. TA was procured to prepare guidelines on cooperation between schools and industries/ governments; to assist with M&E; to provide training, study tours and workshops
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ANNEX 2. BANK LENDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT/SUPERVISION
A. TASK TEAM MEMBERS
Name Role Preparation Supervision/ICR Xueman Wang Task Team Leader(s) Guoping Yu Procurement Specialist(s) Fang Zhang Financial Management Specialist Ximing Zhang Dam Specialist Hongwei Zhao Team Member Xin Ren Environmental Safeguards Specialist Shuang Zhou Social Safeguards Specialist Minghe Tao Team Member
B. STAFF TIME AND COST
Staff Time and Cost Stage of Project Cycle No. of staff weeks US$ (including travel and consultant costs) Preparation FY09 37.045 198,889.15 FY10 33.737 185,210.97
Total 70.78 384,100.12
Supervision/ICR FY11 15.125 82,456.34 FY12 15.175 59,635.67 FY13 8.213 23,474.03 FY14 7.650 24,909.95
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FY15 8.942 43,153.78 FY16 10.675 36,175.30 FY17 23.946 87,542.63 FY18 10.931 48,451.03 Total 100.66 405,798.73
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ANNEX 3. PROJECT COST BY COMPONENT
Amount at Approval Actual at Project Percentage of Approval Components (US$M) Closing (US$M) (US$M) Front End Fee 0.21 .21 100 County Roads Component 119.68 43.39 36.3 Township and Village 10.71 9.75 91 Infrastructure Component Migrant Workers' Training for Transfer and 13.91 9.68 69.6 Employment Component Community Health Care 43.66 94.47 216.4 Services Component Institutional Support and 2.79 2.27 81.5 Technical Assistance Total 190.75 159.78 83.7
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ANNEX 4. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
Project Implementation. The project became effective in October 2010 and closed in June 2017. During implementation, the project underwent two restructurings, which resulted in the following subprojects being dropped entirely from the project:
• construction of road and related transport infrastructure in Banan District and Xiushan County; • construction of water supply infrastructure in Fengjie County, Shizhu County, and Xiushan County; and • building and improving basic public service infrastructure in Wanzhou District.
With the loan savings, a new road in Yongchuan District was included under Component 1.
At appraisal, the total project costs were estimated at US$190.16 million of which the Bank would finance US$84 million, or 44% of the total, with balance of US$106.16 million financed by the participating local governments. When the loan closed, total project expenditures amounted to US$159.72 million, including US$78.72 million financed by the Bank loan and US$80.99 million financed by local governments and beneficiaries. During the implementation, five road subprojects were dropped which amounted to US$71.22 million. On the other hand, the costs of Yubei District Central Hospital (YDCH) subproject would increase US$51.12 million. The net project cost reduction is about US$20.1 million, accounting for 66% of the cost difference between appraisal and completion.
Economic Analysis. At appraisal, the economic analysis was conducted component by component. The cost-benefit analysis approach was used to quantitatively examine the economic viability of the investments for subcomponents such as roads and skills training. Where it was not possible to quantify and monetize economic benefits, cost-effectiveness analyses were carried out. These methodologies are also applied at ICR.
The following general assumptions were used at both project appraisal and in the ICR:
• Market prices were applied directly in the analysis because they did not vary much from their economic value. • The economic benefits and costs were valued at the base year 2008 price level. • All values are net of inflation, duties, and taxes. • The project life is 20 years of operation, plus the years of construction. • A discount rate of 8% was used in the present analysis.
Economic Analysis of Road Development Component. This component consisted of four
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subcomponents at project appraisal. However, during the restructuring, two subcomponents were dropped. The completed two subcomponents are road development in Tongliang County and Yongchuan District.
At ICR, the type of economic benefits of these two subcomponents is the same as those at project appraisal. The main economic benefits include savings in transport time and cost, productivity increases, increase in the value of land and properties close to the road, reduction of air emissions, and improvements of other living conditions due to the improved accessibility of rural residents to better public services in nearby towns.
Due to the availability of statistics and research results, only savings in value of costs, saving in travel time, and industrial and agricultural productivity increases were included and calculated when cost benefit analysis was conducted, although it is not clear how much the roads contribute to the productivity increases. For the analysis, it is that the roads in Tonglaing contribute 1% to the value added in industrial and agricultural productivity every year, 5% in Yongchuan. Other benefits were not included in cost benefit analysis either because they are difficult to quantify, or they are very small.
The costs of these two subcomponents consist of capital investment costs and O&M costs. The economic investment costs of these two subcomponents are RMB98.15 million and RMB137.91 million, respectively. O&M costs include normal maintenance costs in an ordinary year, repair costs to be incurred every 5 years; and overhaul costs to be incurred every 10 years. The residual costs of these two subcomponents were estimated at 39% of total investment costs.
The economic internal rates of return (EIRR) of these two subcomponents were computed. The EIRR of road development in Tongliang County is 16.7% and the EIRR of road development in Yongchuan District is 9.2%. The following table shows the comparison of EIRR and NPV at ICR with those at project appraisal.
Table A4-1 Comparison of EIRR and NPV Total Investment NPV EIRR BCR (RMB million) (RMB million) At ICR At App At ICR At App At ICR At App At ICR At App Road development in 98.2 117.9 82.6 182.0 16.7% 18.23% 6.4 2.4 Tongliang County Road development in 137.92 168.74 10.6 106.4 9.2% 15.9% 3.7 2.0 Yongchuan District
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Economic Analysis of Water Supply Component. This component consisted of three subcomponents at project appraisal. However, during the restructuring, all three subcomponents were dropped. Therefore, no economic analysis was conducted at ICR.
Township and Village Infrastructure Improvement Component. This component consisted of three infrastructure development subcomponents in three townships and villages. However, during the first restructuring, the Wanzhou subcomponent was dropped. The two completed subcomponents are built and improved basic public service infrastructure in Qijiang and Chengkou Counties.
The main economic benefits of these subcomponents include savings in travel time and costs, productivity increases, land value increases due to improved transport and sanitary conditions, improvements of health and environmental quality of the local population due to water supply improvements, and protection of the local aqua-system due to the construction of sanitation facilities. These types of economic benefits remain unchanged from project appraisal to ICR. However, due to the difficulty in quantifying and monetizing the benefits, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted at project appraisal and at ICR as well, to ensure that the least-cost options to provide selected benefits were chosen.
Infrastructure Improvement in Chengkou County. At appraisal, this subcomponent was to build a length of 6.2 km road, including new construction of 2.8 km road and upgrading of 3.4 km of roads, to build two water tanks with a total capacity of 220 m3/d and 5.5 km water main, 60 km of submains, and a 700 m2 community service center. The total investment cost was RMB27.54 million.
Implementation started in June 2013 and was completed in February 2016. At closing the subcomponent had built 3.66 km of village roads, a village service center with a total area of 496 m2, a water plant with a capacity of 1,500 m3/d, a 2.2 km water main, and 21.9 km of submains. The total investment cost incurred was RMB34.69 million.
The unit cost of the village roads is 70% higher than the unit cost of road planned at appraisal and 251% higher than the average unit cost of village roads external funded and built at the same time. The technical target of water supply is completed. Although the investment at ICR of water supply is 418% of the costs estimated at appraisal, the beneficiary population is 599% of the planned population in 2023. The beneficiary households per RMB10,000 is 1.8 similar with what planned at appraisal, but higher than the result of Ningbo New Countryside Development Project.
Infrastructure Improvement in Qijiang County. At appraisal, this subcomponent was to build village roads with a total length of 23.53 km for three villages, three service centers with a total area of 750 m2, three water treatments plants with a total capacity of 660 m3/d, 46 km of water pipes, three garbage collecting stations and 22 garbage collection points. The total investment cost was estimated at RMB38.76 million.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
During implementation, one village was dropped from the project. When the project was completed, this subcomponent had built 14.3 km of village roads for two villages, two village service centers with a total area of 900 m2, 286 km of water distribution pipelines and four upper water tanks with a total capacity of 900 m3. The total investment cost incurred was RMB28.53 million.
The unit cost of the village roads is 74% higher than the unit cost of road planned at appraisal and 17% higher than the average unit cost of village roads external funded and built at the same time. The technical target of water supply only completed 32%. Although the investment at ICR of water supply is 51% of the costs estimated at appraisal, the beneficiary population is 27% of the planned population in 2020. The beneficiary households per RMB10,000 is 1.8 which is 48% lower than what planned at appraisal, but still higher than the result of Ningbo New Countryside Development Project.
Skills Training for Migrant Workers. This component consisted of four subcomponents to expand and upgrade training institutions to improve their capacity to train migrant workers for employment in the non-agricultural sector.
The economic benefit of this component was the increase in income of farmers and migrant workers trained. The project costs consisted of capital investment costs and O&M costs, including the total annual salaries of teachers, utility costs, and other administrative costs. The opportunity cost of income lost by migrant workers during training was also taken into account.
A cost benefit analysis was conducted for each subcomponent at project appraisal and at ICR as well. The following table summarizes the results of the cost benefit analysis.
Table A4-2 Comparison of EIRR and NPV Total Investment NPV EIRR BCR (RMB million) (RMB million) At ICR At App At ICR At App At ICR At App At ICR At App Skills training 9.69 13.66 5.54 18.16 18.42% 17.56% 1.14 1.12 in Wushan Skills training 3.57 20.88 4.70 53.92 20.7% 17.13% 1.14 1.26 in Yubei Skills training 13.9 20.86 -5.41 12.08 1.3% 15.86% 1.04 1.13 in Shizhu Skills training 9.70 23.64 4.07 11.83 14.1% 13.69% 2.05 1.30 in CTBU
Except the Skill training in Shizhu, the results of analysis show that the EIRRs at ICR are all greater
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
than the government discount rate – 8%. These subcomponents are economically viable.
In the subcomponent of Skill in training in Shizhu, only farmers received 1 to 4 days training. No migrant workers received trainings from the project. This resulted in low economic return.
Improving Community Health Care Service Component. This component consisted of two subcomponents. However, during implementation, the Yubei District Central Hospital subcomponent was redesigned, and but was not been completed at closing.
At appraisal, a small case study of a rural health clinic was carried out to illustrate the economic feasibility of the investment in the Chongqing Health Bureau subcomponent. The increase in financial revenue was used as the proxy for economic benefits. Capital costs included the purchase of equipment and furniture, and the interior design and decoration of the clinic. The economic rate of return was about 14%.
At completion, like the situation at appraisal that the economic benefits include avoided welfare or life loss due to immediate medical care, savings on time and medical expenses and increased productivity due to improved health care. However, the data requirements to do the analysis are large and it was not possible to make the estimates, one rural health clinic from each district or county was selected as a sample to conduct economic analysis. However, the results of the implementation of rural health clinic show that the financial benefits of rural health clinics including registration fees, treatment fees, and drug sales, following the practice at appraisal, could not cover the investment costs, maintenance costs of the clinic, and operating costs including equipment running costs, treatment costs, and drug costs.
The economic analysis of Yubei District Central Hospital subcomponent had a similar method with the case study. The financial revenue was used as a proxy for the economic benefit. The economic costs of this subcomponent included capital investment costs (civil works and equipment) and O&M costs. The results of the cost benefit analysis for this subcomponent at project appraisal show that the EIRR was 15.24%.
Yubei District Central Hospital (YDCH) was constructed from 2011 and is planned to be completed in 2019. The potential beneficiary population is about 2.7 million. Following the assumption made at project appraisal, 36% of population will benefit from the YDCH. The WTP survey made at the project appraisal shows that the average WTP value is RMB124 per person per year. The total investment costs are estimated at RMB1,052.7 million and the annual O&M costs are assumed to be 1% of the total investment cost.
Based on these assumptions, the cost benefit analysis shows that EIRR of the subcomponent is 10.6%, and the ENPV is about RMB275 million. The BCR is 3.0. It is concluded that the completed YDCH is economically viable.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Financial Analysis. Financial analysis of the project at project appraisal was carried out at three levels: municipal level, project level, and entity level. At ICR, the financial analysis was only conducted at project level and entity level.
The financial analysis at project level only covers the subprojects which could generate financial revenues, such as vocational education centers and water supply. Since all three water supply subcomponents were dropped, the financial analysis at project level was only conducted at vocational education centers at ICR.
The achievements of vocational education centers are summarized in the following table:
Vocational Investment No. of Target Bank Loan Education Costs People People ($ million) Center (RMB million) Trained* Trained Wushan 13.10 1.30 41,093 12,000 Yubei 4.57 0.35 15,841 6,000 Shizhu 17.93 1.78 14,875 6,000 Chongqing 23.64 1.43 4,000 4,000 * including village farmers and migrant workers.
From the table above, it is concluded that the targets of this component have been achieved at ICR. Under this circumstance, the financial situation of each subcomponent was estimated as follows: Projection of Incomes and Expenditures of Skill training for Migrant Workers (RMB million) Wushan Yubei Shizhu Chongqing Training Income 186.0 156.0 49.9 40.5 Training Expenses 18.7 53.0 8.0 7.6 Debt Service 8.5 2.3 11.6 9.3 Surplus 158.8 100.7 30.2 23.6
All subcomponents will generate sufficient income to cover their expenses and debt service.
The financial analysis at entity level was only carried out for Yubei District Central Hospital. Since this subcomponent was optimized during implementation and was not completed at closing, a new analysis was conducted at ICR based on FSR.
Yubei District Central Hospital was upgraded to a Grade III Class A hospital during the implementation. The construction work is expected to be completed by the end of 2018. The financial situation of Yubei District Central Hospital was only projected following its FSR. The following table summarizes the results of these projections.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Projection of Income and Expenditures of Yubei District Central Hospital (RMB million) 2019 2020 2021 Income 65.16 86.88 108.60 Expense 9.01 10.31 10.31 Depreciation 45.04 51.54 51.54 Debt Service 6.88 6.54 6.21 Surplus 4.22 18.49 40.54
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
ANNEX 5. BORROWER, CO-FINANCIER AND OTHER PARTNER/STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS N/A
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
ANNEX 6. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS (IF ANY)
1) Project Concept Note 2) Project Appraisal Document (Report No. 47995-CN) 3) Loan Agreement (LA) and Project Agreement (PA) 4) Restructuring Papers and Addenda to LA and PA 5) Aide Memoires 6) Implementation Status Reports 7) Environmental and Social Safeguards Documents (Environmental Impact Assessment, Social Assessment Report, Resettlement Policy Framework and Resettlement Action Plan and external monitoring reports on RAP and EMP) 8) Reports from Borrower’s Project Completion Workshops 9) Chongqing Rural Infrastructure Asset Management Study Report and Operational Guide 10) Borrower’s ICR and Annexes 11) Social and economic survey reports of the project by PMO/PMC
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
ANNEX 7. Annex Summary of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Experiences
CURIP consisted of four components of roads and water supply, village and township infrastructure, employment training for migrant workers and primary health care system construction. Land acquisition and resettlement were completed per the requirements set in the RAPs and resettlement framework except from some changes during the implementation:
The baseline survey conducted in 2009 and preliminary information was provided in the Baseline Survey Report for external monitoring of RAP implementation. The data collection was done on a sampling basis. For example, for the house demolition, data for the subprojects of Bannan roads, Xiushan roads and Yubei hospital were collected. The cost estimates for the land acquisition and resettlement were around USD50 million.
Following subprojects were dropped and completed outside the project with local funding, hence their RAPs were excluded from the project after restructurings. • Roads in Banan county, Xiushan county • Water supply in Shizhu county, Xiushan county, Fengjie county • Village level infrastructure: in Wuzhou county
Following subprojects were added/adjusted : • A new road – Wangliao Road in Yongchuan county, supplementary RAP for Yongchuan was prepared and publicized in 2015. • Yubei Hospital, changed the local and size thus changed the land requirements. Land allocated by the government as land acquisition completed by the project started. Due diligence study was conducted for previous RAP implementation.
After deleting the above subprojects, the final experiences with land acquisition and involuntary resettlement are summarized below:
Impacted Land Acquisition type House Demolition Individual (mu) Enterprises Subprojects Case-by- Land Permanent case Allocat. m2 AHHs PAPs No. m2 PAP Acquisition Acquisit. by Gov’t
Yongchun 204.6 296.4 - 1810 203 899 7 70 25 Roads
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Impacted Land Acquisition type House Demolition Individual (mu) Enterprises Subprojects Case-by- Land Permanent case Allocat. m2 AHHs PAPs No. m2 PAP Acquisition Acquisit. by Gov’t
Tongliang - 22.526 90 - 52 144 - - - Roads
Qijiang New 58.13 - - - 153 602 - - - Countryside
Water - 3.6 - - 2 10 - -
ide Supply NCDP
Chengkou Roads 46.464 - - 664.96 183 732 - - -
Totals 309.194 322.526 90 2474.96 593 2387 7 70 25
Note: The Chinese unit of area 1 mu =666 m2 or 1 hectare=15 mu. The RAP was implemented and completed in full compliance with national policies and the Bank’s safeguards policies. All affected residents have been properly resettled per the RAP and resettlement policy framework. Compensation for land acquisition and house demolition was not lower than what was specified in the RAP. Compensation payments were issued in a timely manner and all issues were properly addressed. 1) The survey conducted by the independent RAP consultant hired under the project shows that the project progressed smoothly and no PAPs were pushed into poverty due to land acquisition. For most of the PAPs, incomes and living conditions improved. 2) Compensation for land acquisition varied case by case. First, land acquisition for the NCDP activities was minor because most activities were implemented near or on existing roads. Second, most of the rural roads except for the Wang-Liao Road in Yongchun, were constructed on collectively owned land and the assets will be operated and maintained by the villages where they are located. Such land was provided by the beneficiary villages. The villagers were compensated for their land in three different ways: land reallocation by village administrated free land; adjustment with such land released from land contracting termination for those migrated households outside the villages; and cash compensation for a few villages with land shortages. For Wangliao Road in Yongchuan, the affected people were compensated by cash (RMB36,000 per head) and a pension plan was bought for them. They will get a pension of RMB500/month/head with an annual increment. The income is
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
much higher than their previous earnings from the land. 3) The RAP and resettlement policy framework were strictly followed by the PIUs and the local governmental agencies with respect to the compensation standards and resettlement plan. In Tongliang, due to the complicated procedures and land quota by the state government, land for the roads construction were initially compensated as per land lease. This was finally corrected per the Bank requirements and all villages/villagers were properly compensated for the land acquired according to Bank policies. 4) Compensation funds allocated by the PIUs and local governments were issued to affected households and people without delay or any deduction. Due to the deletion of some subprojects, the actual land acquired and people affected under the project reduced and the final costs for compensation was around USD20 million at the loan closing. 5) The Chongqing PMO and PIUs paid attention to RAP, including frequent site visits, public consultations and door-to-door surveys of the affected households. The PMC, working as the external monitoring agency, spent around 20-man months for work on the RAP of the social specialist aspect over the life of the project.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
ANNEX 8. PROJECT PHOTOS
1. Roads in Tongliang
1-1 Jinshazhong Road 1-2 Huda Road.
1-3 Huda Road 1-4 Lvban Road
1-5 Tongyan Road - Lvfeng Section 1-6 Tongyan Road- Pingtan Section
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
2. Roads in Banqiao Town of Yongchuan County
2-1 After project implementation 2-1’ Before project implementation
2-2 After project implementation 2-2’ Before project implementation
2-3 After project implementation 2-3’ Before project implementation
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
2-4 New township ring road connecting 2-4’ Road before project implementation villages
2-5 Connecting the households 2-6 New roads increased the area’s attractiveness for new businesses in the local food processing industry 2-7 The old road, initially proposed for reconstruction to meet the standard for large trucks, was the only road connecting Banqiao Town to outside areas. The road was built decades ago with good landscaping plus houses/ farm fields along the sides. Reconstruction of the existing road would affect the traffic and lead to spoiling of the landscaping. The new option building a new road in hilly areas with minimal environmental impacts and minimal land acquisition may avoid these impacts. Moreover, one more road increased road network density and improved connectivity.
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
(Red line indicates the roads built under the project) 2-8 Map of road networks constructed under the project in Yongchuan County Source: Yongchuna PIU
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Tongyan Jinshazhong Rd Rd.
Huda Rd.
2-9 ：Project Roads in Tongliang (in Black Lines)
Source: Tongliang PIU
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
3. Village Level Public Infrastructure Improvement- Qinjiang County
3-1 New village road 3-2 New village Center
3-3 Elevated water tank 3-4 Rural road and water pipeline by road
4. Village Level Public Infrastructure Improvement- Chengkou County
4-1 Village road in Qinglong Village 4-2 Village Road in Qinglong Village
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
4-3 Village Center in Qinglong Village 4-4 Water treatment plant in Xianyi Town
5. Vocational Training Bases for Migrant Employment
5-1 Mechanics Lab 5-2 Training on Car Repairing
5-3 Training for digital lathe operation 5-4 Training for hotel services
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
5-5 Sewing machine operation (garment 5-6 Migrant worker training construction)
5-7 Training for farming skills: fish and 5-8 Training for farming skills: beekeeping livestock farming 5-9 Mr Xie Wen Qiang, a farmer in Longtan Village of Shizhu County, received training for bee keeping. His income increased from RMB8,000/a mainly from farming before training to RMB60,000/a after training through bee keeping. He was very satisfied with the skills learned from the Shizhu Vocation Education Center. .
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
6. Basic Health Care
6-1 Community Health Care Center 6-2 Village Health Care Clinic (VHCC)
6-3 Village level heath care services are 6-4 In-patient building of Yubei Hospital covered under social security program for rural area. VHCCs are linked with social security system through internet for bill settlement.
6-5 New outpatient building of Yubei Hospital 6-6 Wastewater treatment station of Yubei
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The World Bank Chongqing Urban-Rural Integration Project ( P086446 )
Hospital
6-7 Training for certification of general 6-8 Quality enhancement supervision of the practitioners for medical cares village clinics.
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