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Page 1 VOLUME 2 Monographs: Tropical And VOLUME 2 Monographs: Tropical and subtropical fruit, inedible peel List of monographs: 1. Abiu, Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk, (Sapotaceae) 2. Aisen, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam., (Capparaceae (also placed in Brassicaceae)) 3. Akee apple, Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig, (Sapindaceae) 4. Atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L., (Annonaceae) 5. Avocado, Persea americana Mill., (Lauraceae). Also includes: Avocado, Guatemalan, Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis, (Lauraceae); Avocado, Mexican, Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake, (Lauraceae) and Avocado, West Indian, Persea americana var. americana, (Lauraceae) 6. Bacury, Platonia insignis Mart., (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)) 7. Bael fruit, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, (Rutaceae) 8. Banana, Musa spp. and hybrids, (Musaceae). Also includes: Banana, dwarf, Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla, (Musaceae) and Plantain, Musa x paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) 9. Binjai, Mangifera caesia Jack, (Anacardiaceae) 10. Biriba, Annona mucosa Jacq., (Annonaceae) 11. Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, (Moraceae) 12. Burmese grape, Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in Euphorbiaceae)) 13. Canistel, Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, (Sapotaceae) 14. Cat's-eyes, Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. malesianus Leenh., (Sapindaceae) 15. Champedak, Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., (Moraceae) 16. Cherimoya, Annona cherimola Mill., (Annonaceae) 17. Cupuacú, Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum., (Malvaceae (also placed in Sterculiaceae)) 18. Custard apple, Annona reticulata L., (Annonaceae) 19. Dragon fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, (Cactaceae) 20. Durian, Durio zibethinus L., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae, Durionaceae)) 21. Elephant-apple, Limonia acidissima L., (Rutaceae) 22. Etambe, Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F., (Anacardiaceae) 23. Granadilla, Passiflora ligularis Juss., (Passifloraceae) 24. Granadilla, Giant, Passiflora quadrangularis L., (Passifloraceae) 25. Guriri, Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze, (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 26. Ilama, Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm., (Annonaceae) 27. Ingá , Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in Mimosaceae)) 28. Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., (Moraceae) 29. Jatobá, Hymenaea courbaril L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)) 30. Kei apple, Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb., (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 31. Langsat, Lansium domesticum Corrêa, (Meliaceae) 32. Lanjut, Mangifera lagenifera Griff., (Anacardiaceae) 33. Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., (Sapindaceae) 34. Lucuma, Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, (Sapotaceae) 35. Lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn., (Sapindaceae) 36. Mabolo, Diospyros blancoi A. DC., (Ebenaceae) Page 1 37. Madras-thorn, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in Mimosaceae)) 38. Mammy-apple, Mammea americana L. Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)) 39. Manduro, Balanites maughamii Sprague, (Zygophyllaceae (also placed in Balanitaceae)) 40. Mango, Mangifera indica L., (Anacardiaceae) 41. Mango, horse, Mangifera foetida Lour., (Anacardiaceae) 42. Mango, Saipan, Mangifera odorata Griff., (Anacardiaceae) 43. Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)) 44. Marang, Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco, (Moraceae) 45. Marmalade-box, Genipa americana L., (Rubiaceae) 46. Matisia, Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae)) 47. Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in Mimosaceae)) 48. Mongongo, Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm, (Euphorbiaceae) 49. Monkey-bread-tree, Adansonia digitata L., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae)) 50. Monstera, Monstera deliciosa Liebm., (Araceae) 51. Muriti, Mauritia flexuosa L.f., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 52. Paho, Mangifera altissima Blanco, (Anacardiaceae) 53. Palmyra palm, Borassus flabellifer L., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 54. Papaya, Carica papaya L., (Caricaceae) 55. Passionflower, Winged-stem, Passiflora alata Curtis, (Passifloraceae) 56. Passionfruit, Passiflora edulis Sims, (Passifloraceae). Also includes: Passionfruit, Purple, Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis, (Passifloraceae) and Passionfruit, Yellow, Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg., (Passifloraceae) 57. Passionfruit, Banana, Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg., (Passifloraceae) 58. Pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, (Annonaceae). Also includes: Pawpaw, Small-flower, Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal, (Annonaceae) 59. Pelipisan, Mangifera casturi Kosterm., (Anacardiaceae) 60. Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense Cambess, (Caryocaraceae). Also includes: Pequia, Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., (Caryocaraceae) 61. Persimmon, American, Diospyros virginiana L., (Ebenaceae) 62. Pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., (Bromeliaceae) 63. Pitaya, Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H. polychizus, (Cactaceae). Also includes: Pitahaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus, (Cactaceae); Pitaya Amarilla, Hylocereus triangularis, (Cactaceae); Pitaya Roja, Hylocereus ocamponis, (Cactaceae) and Pitaya, Yellow, Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer, (Cactaceae) 64. Pomegranate, Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae (also placed in Punicaceae)) 65. Poshte, Baill. (Annonaceae) 66. Prickly pear, (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae). Also includes: Prickly pear, Texas, Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, (Cactaceae) 67. Pulasan, Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., (Sapindaceae) 68. Quandong, Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC., (Santalaceae) 69. Rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L., (Sapindaceae) 70. Saguaro, Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, (Cactaceae) 71. Salak, Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss, (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 72. Sapodilla, Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, (Sapotaceae) 73. Sapote, black, Diospyros digyna Jacq., (Ebenaceae) 74. Sapote, green, Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist, (Sapotaceae) 75. Sapote, mamey, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn, (Sapotaceae) 76. Sapote, white, Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex, (Rutaceae) Page 2 77. Sataw, Parkia speciosa Hassk., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); also placed in Mimosaceae) 78. Satinleaf, Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., (Sapotaceae) 79. Screw-pine, Pandanus tectorius Parkinson, (Pandanaceae). Also includes: Karuka, Pandanus julianettii Martelli, (Pandanaceae); Pandanus, Pandanus utilis Bory, (Pandanaceae) and Nicobar-breadfruit, Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana, (Pandanaceae) 80. Sierra Leone-tamarind, Dialium guineense Willd., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)) 81. Soncoya, Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal, (Annonaceae) 82. Soursop, Annona muricata L., (Annonaceae) 83. Spanish lime, Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq., (Sapindaceae) 84. Star apple, Chrysophyllum cainito L., (Sapotaceae) 85. Sugar apple, Annona squamosa L., (Annonaceae) 86. Sun Sapote, Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch, (Chrysobalanaceae) 87. Tamarind-of-the-Indies, Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel., (Rubiaceae) 88. Velvet Tamarind, Dialium indum L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)) 89. Wampi, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, (Rutaceae) 90. White star apple, Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don, (Sapotaceae) 91. Wild loquat, Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg., (Phyllanthaceae; (also placed in Euphorbiaceae, Uapacaceae)) Page 3 1. Abiu [(caimito, caimo, cauje (GRIN))] Sapotaceae Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. [(syn: Achras caimito Ruiz & Pav. (basionym), Lucuma caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. (GRIN))] 2. A small to medium size evergreen tree that grows to a height of 6 to 12 meters (20 to 39 feet). Some trees may reach up to 35 meters (115 feet) high. Native to South America, specifically Western Amazonia. The tree is narrow when young and spreads up to 10 meters (33 feet) in diameter when mature. The crown is pyramidal to rounded in shape. In productive areas, the tree has a densely leafed crown. The trunk of large trees is fluted. Bark is rough, scaling, fissured, grey, grayish-brown or dark reddish-brown in color and contains white to reddish latex. Leaves are alternate, glossy, smooth or slightly hairy, dark green above and pale underneath, entire, pointed at both ends, ovate-oblong, obovate or elliptic in shape, and 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) long by 3 to 6 centimeters (1.2 to 2.4 inches) wide. Leaves cluster at the end of the shoot. The acute apex of the leaf is curved. The petiole is 0.2 to 2.3 centimeters (0.08 to 0.9 inch) long. Slightly scented, cylindrical-shaped, 4- to 5-lobed, white to greenish flowers are almost sessile and occur solitary or in clusters of 2 to 5 along the branches between the shoot tip and the trunk in the leaf axils. Flowers are enclosed by two bracts and four light-green sepals. The corolla is white, cylindrical, encloses four stamens, and measures 0.5 centimeters (0.2 inch) long. Flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs. Individual flowers measure 0.4 to 0.8 centimeters (0.2 to 0.3 inch) long. Some trees require cross-pollination. Pollination is by insects. Yellow fruit is ellipsoid, ovoid, or spherical in shape, 4 to 12 centimeters (1.6 to 5 inches) long, and 50 to 250 grams (2 to 9 ounces) in weight. Some fruit can weigh up to 1,000 grams (35 ounces). Fruit grows solitary on the tree. When immature, the skin is downy. Skin of mature
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