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Postharvest Disease Development  Postharvest • Elazar Fallik Elazar • Postharvest Development Disease • Elazar Fallik Postharvest Disease Development Edited by Elazar Fallik Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Horticulturae www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae Postharvest Disease Development Postharvest Disease Development Pre and/or Postharvest Practices Editor Elazar Fallik MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Elazar Fallik ARO-the Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science Israel Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae/special issues/postharvest disease). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-0302-8 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-0303-5 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Elazar Fallik. © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Preface to ”Postharvest Disease Development” ............................ ix Natalia Besil, Veronica´ Cesio, Eleana Luque, Pedro Pintos, Fernando Rivas and Horacio Heinzen Dissipation of Pre-Harvest Pesticides on ‘Clementine’ Mandarins after Open Field Application, and Their Persistence When Stored under Conventional Postharvest Conditions Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 55, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040055 ............ 1 Natalia Dallocca Berno, Magda Andr´eia Tessmer, Ana Paula Preczenhak, Bruna Thome´ Nastaro, Marta Helena Fillet Spoto and Ricardo Alfredo Kluge Chitosan and Carnauba Wax Coatings Are Not Recommended for Yellow Carrots Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 31, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040031 ............ 17 Savithri U. Nambeesan, John W. Doyle, Helaina D. Capps, Chip Starns and Harald Scherm Effect of Electronic Cold-PasteurizationTM (ECPTM) on Fruit Quality and Postharvest Diseases during Blueberry Storage Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 25, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030025 ............ 25 Yi-Wen Wang, Anish Malladi, John W. Doyle, Harald Scherm and Savithri U. Nambeesan The Effect of Ethephon, Abscisic Acid, and Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Ripening in Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 24, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030024 ............ 41 Penta Pristijono, Ron B. H. Wills, Len Tesoriero and John B. Golding Effect of Continuous Exposure to Low Levels of Ethylene on Mycelial Growth of Postharvest Fruit Fungal Pathogens Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 20, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030020 ............ 55 Daniel Chalupowicz, Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia, Merav Zaaroor-Presman and Elazar Fallik The Potential Use of Hot Water Rinsing and Brushing Technology to Extend Storability and Shelf Life of Sweet Acorn Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 19, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030019 ............ 63 Allan Ricardo Domingues, Sergio Ruffo Roberto, Saeed Ahmed, Muhammad Shahab, Osmar Jos´eChaves Junior, Ciro Hideki Sumida and Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza Postharvest Techniques to Prevent the Incidence of Botrytis Mold of ‘BRS Vitoria’ Seedless Grape under Cold Storage Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 17, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030017 ............ 69 Ortal Galsurker, Sonia Diskin, Dalia Maurer, Oleg Feygenberg and Noam Alkan Fruit Stem-End Rot Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 50, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040050 ............ 81 Llu´ısPalou Postharvest Treatments with GRAS Salts to Control Fresh Fruit Decay Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 46, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040046 ............ 97 v About the Editor Elazar Fallik is a Senior Research Scientist at the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel, in the Department of Postharvest Science, assuming this role in 1990. He was the Head of the Department of Postharvest Science between 2004 and 2007 and the Head of the Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences between 2007 and 2013. Currently, he is the Scientific Coordinator of the 8 AgriculturalR&DCenters in Israel. He received his B.Sc. (1979), M.Sc. (1981) and Ph.D. (1988) from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel. Between 1981 and 1984, he was a research associate at Biotechnology General (Israel) Ltd., Rehovot, Israel. He spent two years (1988–1990) as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. In 1996/7, he was on sabbatical leave at the University of Kentucky, Department of Horticulture and Landscaping Architecture, Lexington, Kentucky. His research is focused on the physiology, pathology and biochemistry aspects of fresh fruits and vegetables. His current research interests are the use of non-chemical treatment for disease control, fresh produce resistance by physical treatments, sensory (smell and taste), postharvest water loss, the use of 1-MCP in fresh produce, postharvest quality of grafted vegetables and development of quarantine treatments for fresh harvested produce. He has developed a unique technology which cleans and disinfects fresh harvested produce by a hot water rinsing and brushing machine. For this development, he received several awards from the Israeli government. In 2015, he received the 2014 Life Achievement Award from the ARO Volcani Center for his scientific and innovative contribution in the field of postharvest. He is an Adjunct Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and teaches at the Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel. He coordinates and teaches international courses in postharvest research and development in Israel and around the world. vii Preface to ”Postharvest Disease Development” Postharvest losses of fresh produce have always been an obstacle in agriculture. About one third of global fresh fruits and vegetables are lost because their quality has dropped below an acceptance limit. Losses include any change and/or damage in quantity and quality of produce from the moment of harvest until consumption. Once produce is harvested, postharvest handling practices do not improve the quality attained in the field; they can only slow the rate at which deterioration occurs. The postharvest quality and shelf life of fresh produce are determined before harvest. Factors that include weather, soil preparation and cultivation, soil type, cultivar, fertigation, pest and disease control, and crop loads affect the quality and flavor properties of harvested fresh produce. However, postharvest practices such as temperature management, controlled and modified atmosphere, coatings, physical treatments, biocontrol, and more can affect fresh produce marketing and shelf life. This Special Issue on “Postharvest Disease Development: Pre and/or Postharvest Practices” gathers nine papers; two are reviews and seven are research papers. One review is focused on the use of nonpolluting chemicals classified as food preservatives or generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to control disease development after harvest. The other review is focused on the characterization of stem-end rot (SER) pathogens, the stem-end microbiome, and different preharvest and postharvest practices that could control fruit SER. Three research papers focused on postharvest treatments to reduce rot development. The first one evaluated different types of SO2 generator pads in order to prevent the incidence of gray mold of seedless grape, as well to avoid other grape injuries during cold storage. The second elucidated the best storage temperature for acorn squash and evaluated hot water rinsing and brushing (HWRB) technology to maintain fruit quality for several months. The third paper was focused on the effects of electron beam irradiation using a new Electronic Cold-PasteurizationTM (ECPTM) technology on fruit quality, microbial safety, and postharvest disease development in two highbush blueberries. Two research papers covered physiological and pathological aspects, such as ripening of harvested fresh produce and pathogen colonization on fruit treated with ethylene and plant growth regulators. One paper examined the effect of air and ethylene on the growth of fungi isolated from climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. One paper was focused on the use of different concentrations of carnauba wax and chitosan edible coatings for commercial quality preservation of carrots after harvest. In addition, one paper examined residual levels of preharvest applications of several fungicides on mandarin fruits after prolonged cold storage. Elazar Fallik Editor ix horticulturae Article Dissipation of Pre-Harvest Pesticides on ‘Clementine’ Mandarins after Open Field Application, and Their Persistence When Stored under Conventional Postharvest Conditions Natalia Besil 1,Verónica Cesio 2, Eleana Luque 3, Pedro Pintos 3, Fernando Rivas 3 and Horacio Heinzen 2,* 1 Grupo de Análisis de Contaminantes Trazas
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