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The Gilpinia Abieticola Species Group (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae)

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The Gilpinia Abieticola Species Group (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 41(1), pp. 21–41, February 20, 2015 The Gilpinia abieticola Species Group (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) Hideho Hara1 and Akihiko Shinohara2 1 Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, Hokkaido 079–0198, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 15 October 2014; accepted 24 December 2014) Abstract The Gilpinia abieticola species group (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) is proposed for G. abieticola (Dalla Torre, 1894) from Europe and Siberia, G. albiclavata Hara and Nakamura, 2015 from Japan (Honshu), G. hokkaidoensis n. sp. from Japan (Hokkaido) and G. kojimai n. sp. from Japan (Honshu). This species group is recognized only by the combination of some structural and color characters in the female. Gilpinia abieticola (=Lophyrus abietis Stein, 1886, a primary hom- onym of Lophyrus abietis Harris, 1841) is redescribed based on the type material and a lectotype is designated for Lophyrus abietis Stein, 1886. Descriptions of the two new species and a key to all four species and the closely similar male of G. hercyniae are given. The larva of G. kojimai feeds solitarily on the needles of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. Key words : Hymenoptera, Diprionidae, Gilpinia abieticola, redescription, Lophyrus abietis, lectotype designation, Gilpinia hokkaidoensis, Gilpinia kojimai, new species. We here redescribe G. abieticola in detail Introduction based on the type specimens, designate a lecto- Gilpinia (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) is a saw- type for Lophyrus abietis Stein, 1886, describe fly genus consisting of 38 Palaearctic and Orien- G. kojimai n. sp. from Honshu, Japan and G. tal species (Taeger et al., 2010; Hara and Naka- hokkaidoensis n. sp., from Hokkaido, Japan, and mura, 2015). The Euro-Siberian Gilpinia propose treating these three species and G. albi- abieticola (Dalla Torre, 1894) has been recog- clavata as comprising the G. abieticola species nized by the combination of the richly white- or group. yellow-marked body, the dark band between eyes crossing the frontal and ocellar areas, the short Material and Methods flagellar rami, the simple posterior spur of the hind tibia and the large oval scopa in female Material used in this work is kept in the fol- (Enslin, 1917; Reeks, 1941; Gussakovskij, 1947; lowing institutions: BMNH=Natural History Ermolenko, 1975; Beneš and Krístek, 1979; Vii- Museum, London; HU=Hokkaido University, tasaari and Varama, 1987; Zhelokhovtsev, 1988). Sapporo; NMW=Naturhistorisches Museum, Recently, Hara and Nakamura (2015) described Wien; NSMT=National Museum of Nature and G. albiclavata from Honshu, Japan, which is Science, Tsukuba; SDEI=Senckenberg Deutsches morphologically closely similar to G. abieticola, Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg; and referred to the occurrence of two additional USNM=National Museum of Natural History, Japanese species, which are externally hardly Washington, D.C. Specimens are listed under the distinguishable from G. abieticola. material examined section. We also examined 22 Hideho Hara and Akihiko Shinohara and dissected the ovipositors or genitalia of the Postocellar area weakly or moderately convex following specimens of Gilpinia polytoma (Har- (Fig. 1); anterior and lateral furrows distinct. tig, 1834) and G. hercyniae (Hartig, 1837). Gil- Clypeus with ventral margin very slightly con- pinia polytoma ― ESTONIA: 1 ♂, “Painurmi”, cave (Fig. 3B, E, M). Flagellar rami short, “VII・2・'39”, Sellersetal (NSMT). GERMANY: becoming inconspicuous on apical flagellomeres 1 ♂, “Sierne 87” (SDEI); 1 ♂, Ottobeuren, Kohl- (Fig. 3D, F, K, N); first flagellomere 1.0– stattkopf, VI. 2000, M. Goßner (SDEI); 1 ♀, Ber- 1.5 × length of second along dorsal margin, with lin, Marzahn, 1. IX. 2012, Köhler (SDEI). GER- ramus about 0.3 × length of first flagellomere MANY or CZECH REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, Ore along dorsal margin. Prepectus very small, far Mountains, Lange (SDEI). AUSTRIA: 1 ♂, apart from postspiracular sclerite; pronotum and “Tschek 1872” “Wand 6/S 866” (NMW); 1 ♂, mesepisternum usually contiguous above prepec- “Tschek 1872 Piesting” (NMW); 1 ♂, Pulgarn, tus. Mesoscutellum with anterior edge angled at “9. 8. 32”, H. Priesner (NSMT); 1 ♂, Tirol, 110–150° (Fig. 4); in dorsal view, mesoscutellar “Kilabüehler Horn” “24.7.85. Handl” (NMW). appendage not visible, except usually for narrow CZECH REPUBLIC: 2 ♀, “Moravia Kuničky apex. Metascutellum small, not or strongly con- Krístek” (NSMT). HUNGARY: 1 ♂, Hegyalja, vex. Hind leg (Fig. 6A–B, E–F) with posterior “Kemeuce v.”, 13. VII. 1955, Erdōs (NSMT). (inner and longer) tibial spur tapering apically or SLOVENIA: 1 ♀, Laško, 10–11. V. 1976, A. Shi- rod shaped, and its length 0.9–1.2 × breadth of nohara (NSMT). CROATIA: 1 ♂, Plitvička tibia, 0.8–1.0 × (rarely 1.1 ×) length of first tarso- Jezera, 8. V. 1976, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Gil- mere (excluding pulvillar pad); length of second pinia hercyniae ― SWEDEN: 1 ♂, “"A" VII-13- and third tarsomeres combined 1.1–1.7 × length 38” (USNM); 1 ♂, Vittangi, “VIII・22・38” of first. Ovipositor sheath in dorsal view about (USNM). USA: 1 ♀, Maine, Bar Harbor, 28. VI. 3.0 × as wide as cercus (Fig. 7A, E, H, L); scopa 1936, A.E. Brower (USNM): 1 ♂, Maine, Bar oval and large, with height about 1.5–2.0 × width Harbor, 24. V. 1937, bred (USNM); 1 ♀, Maine, (Fig. 7B, G, I, M). Hypopygium with posterior Portage, 2. V. 1936, bred (USNM); 1 ♀, do. but margin very shallowly concave or slightly 19. V. 1936; 1 ♂, do. but 17. VI. 1938; 1 ♂, notched medially, without pair of posteromedial “Wilmington Vt. VI-79”, “Picea rubra” (USNM). projections (Fig. 1B, G, J). Lance in lateral view See Hara and Nakamura (2015) for terminol- with dorsal margin weakly concave at middle, ogy and methodology of morphological exami- mid-apically with longitudinal membranous area nation and photography. along ventral margin (Fig. 7D, K, O); posterior projection of processus articularis large, in dorsal view about 2.5–3.0 × as long as wide, with dis- Results and Discussion tinct basal suture (Fig. 7C, J, N) (indicated by Gilpinia abieticola species group arrow in Fig. 7C; this suture present on ventral side). Lancet (Fig. 8) with ventral margin not or Female. Head anteriorly black at least above weakly convex at second annulus in outline and toruli, but dorsally pale (Fig. 1). Mesoscutum dorsal membranous area relatively narrow, wid- with median lobe widely pale along notaulus and est at middle of lancet; first annulus without ser- lateral lobe laterally with pale marking. Mesos- rula, with row of spines (=ctenidium) not reach- cutellum pale, narrowly black along anterior and ing ventral margin of lancet; serrulae simple, posterior margins. Mesepisternum at least cen- except for two or three apical serrulae, each is trally pale. Legs black with pale areas; femora posteriorly angularly convex. except for trochantelli black, apically pale. Sec- Male. Head, thorax and dorsum of abdomen ond to eighth abdominal terga pale along antero- mostly black (Fig. 2A–C, G–H, L); dorsum of lateral or anterior margins. abdomen at most laterally pale on some apical Sawflies of Gilpinia abieticola Group 23 Fig. 1. Female: Gilpinia abieticola (A–E), G. hokkaidoensis (F–H) and G. kojimai (I–K). — A, D, F, I, Dorsal or dorsolateral view; B, E, G, J, ventral or ventrolateral view; C, H, K, head, dorsal view. — A–C, Zittau; D–E, lectotype; F–K, holotypes. 24 Hideho Hara and Akihiko Shinohara terga (ninth and 10th terga usually hidden and and the ergot is long (Figs. 9C, F, K, N, 10C, E). invisible). Legs mostly pale. Known males of the species of the G. abieticola Structure as in female except for usual sexual group and that of G. hercyniae are separated by differences. Antenna with 22–27 antennomeres. the characters given in the key below. The male Hind leg (Fig. 6C–D, G) with posterior tibial of G. abieticola is also very similar to that of G. spur tapering apically, 0.6–0.9 × length of first polytoma in external characters, but in the latter tarsomere; length of second and third tarsomeres species the valviceps in lateral view is relatively combined 1.0–1.3 × length of first. Basiparamere wide and apically with a wide non-pigmented with parapenis very long (Fig. 9A–B, E, I–J, M). area (Fig. 10A–B). Harpe in ventral view with medial margin con- cave and apex nearly pointed or narrowly Gilpinia abieticola (Dalla Torre, 1894) rounded. Valviceps pigmented throughout, in lat- eral view narrow, apically curved ventrally (Fig. (Figs. 1A–E, 2A–F, 3A–H, P–Q, 4A–F, 5A–F, 6A–D, 7A–G, 8A–D, 9A–H) 9C, F, K, N), with spine at apex and minute or inconspicuous spines around sensory pores in Lophyrus abietis Stein, 1886: 141 [primary homonym of narrow apical area delimited by sharp line anteri- Lophyrus abietis Harris, 1841 ＝Neodiprion abietis orly and dorsally (Fig. 9D, G–H, L, O–P). Ergot (Harris, 1841)]. Lophyrus abieticola Dalla Torre, 1894: 293 [replacement long (Fig. 9C, F, K, N). name for Lophyrus abietis Stein, 1886]; Konow, 1905: Remarks. Benson (1939) divided Gilpinia 42; Enslin, 1914: 178, 179, 180; Enslin, 1917: 557, into two species groups, the G. polytoma group 562. and the G. socia group, by the shape of the inner Gilpinia abieticola: Benson, 1939: 341; Reeks, 1941: hind-tibial spur in the female. Gilpinia polytoma 181, 186, 187; Gussakovskij, 1947: 162, 224, 225, 229 [part]; Thalenhorst, 1955: 353–361; Lorenz and Kraus, species group has a broadened spur, which is 1957: 28; Thalenhorst, 1960: 513–524; Vehrke, 1961: unique to the group in the Diprionidae and even 179; Verzhutskii, 1966: 55; Verzhutskii, 1973: 119, in the Tenthredinoidea and strongly supports the 123, 124; Thalenhorst, 1968: 338–350; Smith, 1975: monophyly of this species group. Gilpinia socia 412 [part]; Ermolenko, 1975: 133, 134, 159, 180; species group has a usual simple spur, and no Naito, 1976: 5, 6 [part]; Beneš and Krístek, 1979: 90, characters suggesting its monophyly have been 92, 93; Verzhutskii, 1981: 74; Pschorn-Walcher, 1982: 105; Viitasaari and Varama, 1987: 53; Zhelokhovtsev, found.
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