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Apogonid Fishes of Miyake-Jima and Ishigaki-Jima,Japan, with Description of a New Species

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Apogonid Fishes of Miyake-Jima and Ishigaki-Jima,Japan, with Description of a New Species Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol.21,No.3.1974 21巻3号1974年 Apogonid Fishes of Miyake-Jima and Ishigaki-Jima,Japan, with Description of a New Species Hitoshi Ida and Jack T.Moyer Received May 21,1974)( Abstract 27 species of apogonid fishes were collected from southern Japan,of which ten species are new to Japanese waters.The widest extention of range among these new records is shown by Apogon semiornatus hitherto unknown east of the Seychelles. Most of the others have previously been known north to the Philippines.Their occurence in Japanese waters is believed to accentuate the homogeneity of the Indo- West Pacific as a whole in fish distribution.The vicinity of Miyake-jima seems to be the northern limit for the establishment of some of the tropical apogonids.Ecology and diagnostic features of several apogonids are discussed and a new species in the genus Apogon from Ishigaki-jima is described. The development of diving equipment and known from the type locality and the Seychel- other instruments for underwater observation les. has accelerated the accumulation of informa- Meristic features;D.VI-I,9;A.II,8; tion on aquatic animals(e.g.Hobson,1965, L.L.26,L.tr.3/9-11. 1968).Since 1970,we have observed shore fishes Color when alive:Fins are hyaline.Most in the waters around Miyake-jima(34•‹05'N, of the body is translucent except the three 139•‹30'E)and Ishigaki-jima(24•‹25'N,124•‹ dark grey bands. 10'E).Using hand nets and seines,we collected Color after death:The translucent part of many fishes formerly unknown from Japanese body changes into faint red immediately after waters,some of them belonging to genera death,which darkens with time.Three black unrecorded from Japan.Most of our field bands are present on the side of body,which surveys were made using SCUBA,but on are indistinct in aged specimens.Opercular, some occasions,in shallow waters,snorkeling caudal peduncle,and central part of caudal was found more convenient.The present study fin remain black. deals with fishes of the family Apogonidae from Ecology:Diurnally the species dwells in these islands,presenting highlighted informa- sub-interstices of rock caverns in loose shoals, tion on taxonomy,ecology,and distribution. never coming into the open,but its behavior at night is unknown.The swimming pattern Results of this fish is unlike the usual apogonids,more I.Apogon Japanese name:Tenjikudai-zoku closely resembling brotulids. Apogon Lacepede,1802(type by monotypy Judging from its thin population in Miyake Apogon ruber Lacepêde) waters,the species seems to be established 1.Apogon semiornatus Peters,1876 there,though not commonly seen. Figs.3-B,4,5-C, 2.Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker,1856 New Japanese name:Yami-tenjikudai Fig.5-1. Apogon semiornatus Peters,1876:436.Type New Japanese name:Itohiki-tenjikudai. locality:Zanzibar Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker,1856c:204. Materials:Tanaka Memorial Biological Sta Type locality:Ternate(Moluccas) tion 730728-05(3),July,1973,Miyake and Materials:School of Fishery Sciences,Kita- TMBS 730920-08(1),September,1973,Miyake, sato University 701011-03(13),October 1970, 23.5-53.0 mm in St.L. Ishigaki and FSKU 710803-05(16),August Distribution:New to Pacific.Formerly 1971,Ishigaki,20.5-33.7 mm in St.L. ―113― 魚 類 学 雑 誌Japan.J.Ichthyol.21(3),1974 Distribution:First record from Japan(Ishi- to the opercular through the eye,breaking gaki-jima).Previously recorded from Ternate, into dots posteriorly.Another blue line is on New Guinea,and Great Barrier Reef,north the margin of the upper jaw.Pores on lateral to Guam(Lachner,1953). line scales show a dotted line. Morphological features:Prolongation of the Color after preservation:Ground color of second dorsal spine and a deep body distin- body is pale brown.The blue lines on the guishes this species from all others in this snout and upper jaw remain as black lines, genus treated here. but the blue dots on the side of body disap- Color when alive:Body is opaque white pear. with several narrow blue vertical bands mar- Ecology:Diurnally the species forms shoals gined by darkness on the anterior part of body. in caves and caverns in the reef.In some All fins are hyaline except the long black cases,in summer and autumn especially,it is anterior margin of the first dorsal.The rim found in mixed shoals with Apogon apogonides. of the eye is light blue. Since habitat and coloring are quite similar Color after preservation:The light blue in these two species,they are hardly dis- rim of the eye and blue bands on the body tinguishable in the water.In dark caverns, become indistinct in aged specimens.The head their dark opaque reddish bodies are unobtru- is stained by thick peppering.The dorsal and sive,but A.aureus can still be recognized by ventral profile of the body are blackish. the three blue lines on the snout and upper Ecology:This species dwells in shoals in jaw,as opposed to the blue snout of A. the vicinity of the long-spined urchin Diadema apogonie'es.Their behavior too,is somewhat sp.in shallow open areas.When approached different.A.aureus is more bold than the closely by an observer or other large animal, other species,and will frequently approach they hide between the long spines of Diadema within a few centimeters of a motionless sp.in a compact shoal.The intimateness in diver.Motion will drive both species to the relation to iadema is much less than that back of the cave,but A.aureus remains of Siphamia sp.Their behavior at night is oriented ventrally toward the floor of the unknown.The abundance and appearance of cave,often turning to show the black banded the species during more than two years of caudal peduncle.A.apogonides usually orients observation attests to its firm establishment in its ventral surface toward the back wall of the Ishigaki waters.However,we failed to collect cave,head pointed downward,clearly showing A.leptacanthus in our efforts at Okinawa-jima, the diagnostic black tip of the first dorsal. Amamioshima,and Miyake-jima. A.aureus leaves the protection of its cavern 3.Apogon aureus(Lacepkle,1802) to move out along the reef as sunset approa- New Japanese name:Aosuji-tenjikudai ches,but A.apogonides usually tends to remain Fig.5-B. in the shelter of the cave until darkness. Behavior of both species at night is unknown. Centropomus aureus Lacepde,1802:p.253. In winter and spring,the two species occupy Type locality:Great Equatorial Region? separate caverns and crevices and are rarely Materials:TMBS 730727-04(1),July 1973, seen together.A.aureus has been observed Miyake,and 730922-01(2),September 1973, actively foraging in 14•Ž,while A.apogonides Miyake,and 730920-26(2),September 1973, seems to remain fairly inactive in cold water. 52-93 mm in St.L. Both species appear in greater numbers as Distribution:New record from Japan. water temperatures reach 17•Ž,but A.apo- Formerly known from East Africa,the goni es seems to survive the cold winter water Seychelles(Smith,1963),Red Sea,India, more effectively than A.aureus.The latter Hong Kong(Fowler,1937).Not known from remains fairly common as waters warm up in the Marshalls nor Marianas(Lachner,1953). April,but noticeably fewer in numbers than Color when alive:Body is opaque red with in autumn.From its abundance and wide a black broad band on the caudal peduncle. range on Miyake,A.aureus appears to be Black margined blue lines on snout extend firmly established.Interestingly,neither this ―114― Ida and Moyer:Apogonids of Southern Japan with Description of a New Species species nor A.apogonides has been observed aureus,as noted above,and the two some- or collected in several expeditions to Okinawa. times apper together in mixed shoals.How- 4.Apogon apogonides(Bleeker,1856) ever,although locally abundant,its range on Fig.5-D. Miyake-jima is more spotty than that of the New Japanese name:Aohana-tenjikudai former species.This species is believed to be Cheilodipterus apogonides Bleeker,1856b firmly established. p.37.Type locality:Menado(Celebes) 5.Apogon ishigakiensis,sp.nov. Materials:TMBS 730920-01(6),and 730922 New Japanese name:Ishigaki-tenjikudai -02(1),collected in September,1973,Miyake, Figs.1,3-A,5-A. 44-69 mm in St.L. Materials:ZUMT(Zoological Department. Distribution:New record from Japan. University Museum,the University of Tokyo) Previously known from Singapore,Celebes, 52989(holotype),ZUMT 52988 and 52990,and Banda(Weber and Beaufort,1929).Not FSKU 731013-01 a,b,c,and d.See Table-1. recorded from Micronesia(Lachner,1953),nor Diagnosis:A species of Apogon distin- Hong Kong(Fowler,1937). guishable from other members of the genus Color when alive:The body is opaque red, by the combination of the following characters. yellowish below.The tip of first dorsal is Deep body,depth about 40% of standard black.The snout is black,margined by blue length;seven spines in the first dorsal,the lines which extend to the opercle through the anterior two of which are less than half of upper and lower edges of iris,these two blue the third,which is the longest.The body is lines breaking into dots posteriory.No black brown,with white and dark speckles scattered band appears on the caudal peduncle.Most over its entire surface.Clear stripes or bands of the snout gleams blue in the sea.The are lacking on the body.The maxillary ends general appearance of the species is very similar below the middle of the eye.
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