DOCSLIB.ORG

Evidence on European Airline Mergers by Ad

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evidence on European Airline Mergers by Ad Market power versus efficiency defense in the European Commission’s merger policy: Evidence on European airline mergers by Adél Németh a Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics Approved Dissertation Committee Prof. Dr. Gert Brunekreeft Name and title of Chair Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Niemeier Name and title of Committee Member Prof. Dr. Julia Bendul Name and title of Committee Member __________________________________ Date of Defense: May 2nd, 2016 Humanities and Social Sciences Statutory Declaration (on Authorship of a Dissertation) I, Adél Németh hereby declare that I have written this PhD thesis independently, unless where clearly stated otherwise. I have used only the sources, the data and the support that I have clearly mentioned. This PhD thesis has not been submitted for conferral of degree elsewhere. I confirm that no rights of third parties will be infringed by the publication of this thesis. Bremen, May 31, 2016 Signature ___________________________________________________________ IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am particularly grateful to my supervisors, Prof. Gert Brunekreeft and Prof. Hans-Martin Niemeier, for their support and encouragement during all the years of working around and on the dissertation, within the framework of numerous research projects and beyond. I would also like to thank my co- supervisor, Prof. Julia Bendul, for her constructive feedback. I am indebted to my colleagues and friends at the University of Applied Sciences Bremen and the Jacobs University Bremen, who never got tired of assisting me in gathering data, finding contacts and discussing the results, and who always had an open ear for further questions. I am especially grateful to Dr. Vanessa Liebert for her unlimited endorsement inside and outside the (home) office and for Dr. Eric Njoya for his endless interest in debating economics with me. I would like to express my gratitude to Annika Paul, who carefully read and commented on the draft version of the thesis. My PhD fellows, Karsten Fröhlich, Dr. Tolga Ülkü, Dr. Nele Friedrichsen and Dr. Roland Meyer, were always helpful in guiding me in academic life and research practice. The thesis profited from the research projects German Airport Performance (GAP) and German Aviation Benchmarking (GAB) with the financial support of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Furthermore, I would like to thank the Erich-Becker-Foundation and the Jacobs University Bremen for providing me with a research grant and enabling an exceptional research stay in Australia, a summer school in Greece and participation in numerous international conferences and high-level PhD courses. I would like to thank the German Aviation Research Society (G.A.R.S.), particularly Wolfgang Grimme, Prof. Frank Fichert, Prof. Jürgen Müller, Prof. Hansjochen Ehmer and Prof. Peter Forsyth, for assisting me with data collection and networking, and for helpful reviews of the research papers that built the base of the PhD thesis. I wish to acknowledge my papers’ co-authors, Prof. Volodymyr Bilotkach (Newcastle University), Prof. Yusaf Akbar (Central European University) and Dr. Ádám Remetei-Filep (European Commission), for their support and guidance. Finally, I will forever be grateful to my parents, who let me go my road; my family, Andreas and my daughter Ida, who attended me on the way; and my friends, especially Vera Hervai, for being there for me. vii STATEMENT ON CONTRIBUTION TO ALL ARTICLES Total own Article Contribution contribution to manuscript Németh, A., 2014. Does efficiency matter? Working Paper. Chapter 1 has been 100 % Available at: http://www.garsonline.de/ introduced here. 1.1.2 and 1.2.6 contain 50 % slightly improved parts; Németh, A. & Remetei-Filep, Á., 2010. The economic analysis of economic literature 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 are based EU airline consolidation: does the Commission get the economics review on models on; while 6.2.1 may right? Working Paper. Available at: http://www.garsonline.de/ related to merger contain parts of our analysis paper. (Ca. 11 pages) Fröhlich, K., Hellmers, J., Holtz, M, Grimme; W., Németh, A. & Niemeier, H-M., 2013. An assessment of the synergies and the 2.2.1; 2.2.3 and 7.3.1 are 20% to each success of cross-border airline mergers and acquisitions in Europe, based on our book In: Forsyth, P., Gillen, D., Hüschelrath, K., Niemeier, H-M. chapter. literature review on &Wolf, H. (editors). 2013. Liberalisation in Aviation. Surrey: (Ca. 7 pages) network effects, Ashgate, pp. 197-220. mergers and alliances; Fröhlich, K., Müller, J., Németh, A., Niemeier, H-M., Njoya, E. such as data analysis 2.2.3 is based on our T., and Pashkin, R., 2011. Vertical Structure of Air Transport: on airline mergers and working paper. (Ca. 0.5 Problems for Competition and Regulation. Working paper. synergy effects pages) Melbourne, GARS. Available at: http://www.garsonline.de/ Németh, A., 2011a. (Market) Power of European Airlines. Table 22 on p. 67 comes Working paper. Sydney: ATRS Air Transport Research Society. 100% from here. Available at: http://www.atrsworld.org 35 % Bilotkach, V., Müller, J. & Németh, A., 2014. Estimating the 3.4.4 is based on; while gathering and consumer welfare effects of de-hubbing: The case of Malév 5.4 is mainly identical to preparing data, Hungarian Airline. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and our research paper. historical review on Transportation Review 66, pp. 51-65. (Ca. 9 pages) Malév Chapter 4 is based on; 50 % Németh, A. & Niemeier, H.-M., 2012. Airline mergers in Europe - while 6.2.1 may contain literature review; An overview on the market definition of the EU commission. parts of our research investigation on case Journal of Air Transport Management 22, pp. 45-52. paper. decisions; describing (Ca. 23 pages) merger regulation Akbar, Y., Németh, A. & Niemeier, H.-M., 2014. Here we go again. Permanently failing Organisations. Journal of Air Transport 35% Management 35, pp. 1-11. literature review; 5.3 is mainly identical to describing the history our research paper. The paper above is based on my own working paper: and the performance (Ca. 7 pages) Németh, A., 2011b. Strategies for Eastern European Airlines: The of Malév, CSA and case of Malév Hungarian Airline. Available at: LOT http://www.crninet.com/2011/c12c.pdf, Brussels: CRNI Competition and Regulation in Network Industries. Németh, A., 2015. A dynamic competitive assessment of the recent Chapter 6 has been Lufthansa mergers, Working Paper. Available at: 100 % introduced here. http://www.garsonline.de/ ix ABSTRACT According to microeconomics, mergers result in a more concentrated industry. This fact is hardly questionable, but the discussion about whether concentration is good or bad for society leads us to a lively debate, called the efficiency defense: do mergers increase market power or efficiency? How does merger policy take market power and efficiency into consideration? My work investigates the circumstances and consequences of merger appraisal in passenger airline markets in Europe between 1995 and 2015. The analysis tries to identify the role of consolidation driven by market power, efficiency and bankruptcy. The thesis introduces economic principles, models and policy choices behind the efficiency defense, and explains why the European Commission did not consider efficiency as a core criterion for their decision to allow or prevent takeovers. In summary, efficiencies could be considered in the merger process under the total welfare approach, which also contains efficiency gains from producer surplus increase. The author believes that efficiency is the ordinary aim of companies, but the reason behind mergers is to increase market presence, market share or with other words: market power. Competition policy should therefore improve a transparent and smart framework to regulate market power. xi CONTENTS STATEMENT ON CONTRIBUTION TO ALL ARTICLES IX ABSTRACT XI INTRODUCTION 1 1 EFFICIENCY DEFENSE AND BEYOND 5 1.1 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1.1 THE WILLIAMSON TRADE-OFF 6 1.1.2 THE MORE ECONOMIC APPROACH 7 1.1.3 THE EFFICIENCY DEFENSE AND ITS PARADOX 8 1.2 ECONOMIC SCHOOLS OF ANTITRUST 10 1.2.1 NEOCLASSICAL THEORY, THE CRADLE OF ANTITRUST 10 1.2.2 THE HARVARD SCHOOL, LIMITING MONOPOLY AND MARKET POWER 11 1.2.3 THE CHICAGO SCHOOL AND THE HARDCORE ECONOMISTS, ENHANCING EFFICIENCY 12 1.2.4 THE HARVARD VS. CHICAGO BATTLE 13 1.2.5 NEW INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION: A MARRIAGE BETWEEN THE HARVARD AND CHICAGO SCHOOLS 15 1.2.6 THE EUROPEAN SCHOOL: A MORE ECONOMIC APPROACH 16 1.3 SYNTHESES ON COMPETITION POLICY 19 1.3.1 IS CONCENTRATION THE EVIDENCE OF MARKET POWER OR OF EFFICIENCY? 19 1.3.2 WHAT DOES EFFICIENCY MEAN? 21 1.3.3 DO ENTRY BARRIERS EXIST OR ARE THE MARKETS CONTESTABLE? 24 1.3.4 DO WE NEED GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION? 25 1.4 WELFARE STANDARDS AND APPLICATIONS 31 1.4.1 TOTAL WELFARE STANDARD, FIRST ATTEMPTS IN CANADA AND IN AUSTRALIA 31 1.4.2 CONSUMER SURPLUS STANDARD: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK 33 1.4.3 ALTERNATIVE WELFARE STANDARDS AND GERMANY 35 1.5 MORE, BUT WHICH ECONOMIC APPROACH? WILLIAMSON’S EFFECT ON EC MERGER POLICY 38 1.6 CONCLUSIONS 41 2 EFFICIENCY TRADE-OFF IN PRACTICE: THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 42 2.1 INTRODUCTION 42 2.1.1 THE SCP MODEL – EXTENDED BY EFFICIENCIES 43 2.1.2 THE TYPOLOGY OF EFFICIENCIES IN THE EC’S MERGER REGULATION 44 2.2 EFFICIENCY GAINS IN AVIATION 46 2.2.1 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES: MERGERS VERSUS ALLIANCES 47 2.2.2 COST, REVENUE AND RISK SYNERGIES – FOCUS ON ECONOMIC THEORIES 51 2.2.3 NETWORK EFFECTS: DO THEY INCREASE
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Official Journal C 137 of the European Union
    Official Journal C 137 of the European Union Volume 57 English edition Information and Notices 7 May 2014 Contents II Information INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES European Commission 2014/C 137/01 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case M.7200 — Lenovo/IBM x86 Server Business) (1) .... 1 IV Notices NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES European Commission 2014/C 137/02 Euro exchange rates ..................................................................................... 2 2014/C 137/03 Opinion of the Advisory Committee on mergers given at its meeting of 18 January 2013 regarding a draft decision relating to Case COMP/M. 6570 — UPS/TNT Express — Rapporteur: Austria ........... 3 2014/C 137/04 Final Report of the Hearing Officer — UPS/TNT Express (COMP/M.6570) ............................. 4 2014/C 137/05 Summary of Commission Decision of 30 January 2013 declaring a concentration incompatible with the internal market and the functioning of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/M.6570 — UPS/TNT Express) (notified under document C(2013) 431 final) (1) .................................................. 8 EN (1) Text with EEA relevance 2014/C 137/06 Communication from the Commission concerning the quantity not applied for to be added to the quantity fixed for the subperiod 1 July to 30 September 2014 under certain quotas opened by the Union for products in the poultrymeat, egg and egg albumin sectors .................................. 18 NOTICES FROM MEMBER STATES 2014/C 137/07 Publication of decisions by Member States to grant, suspend or revoke operating licenses pursuant to Article 10(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008 on common rules for the operation of air services in the Community (recast) (1) .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Industry Monitor the EUROCONTROL Bulletin on Air Transport Trends
    Issue N°140. 07/05/12 Industry Monitor The EUROCONTROL bulletin on air transport trends European flights decreased by 2.7% in March. The charter segment continued to recover from EUROCONTROL statistics and forecasts 1 the Egyptian and Tunisian disruptions last year Other statistics and forecasts 2 and was up 11%. Passenger airlines 2 IATA reported an increase of 8.8% in demand in Environment 6 March 2012 for passenger traffic in Europe Oil 7 whereas freight traffic was down 2.2% on March 2011. Airports 7 Aircraft Manufacturing 8 Delta is the first airline to buy an oil refinery in an attempt to cut fuel costs by €230 million a Regulation 8 year. Cargo 9 Oil prices down to 91€/barrel in April. Fares 9 EUROCONTROL statistics and forecasts European flights decreased by 2.7% in March on the same month of 2011, with the underlying trend slightly higher, as the figure was affected by significant strike days in Cyprus, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain (see Figure 1). The charter segment continued to recover from the Egyptian and Tunisian disruptions last year and was up 11% in March, business aviation was up 0.7% whereas traditional scheduled, low-cost and all-cargo were down -3.4%, -2% and -8% respectively (EUROCONTROL, April). Based on preliminary data for delay from all causes, 31% of flights were delayed on departure in March, a 1 percentage point decrease and a return to the low levels observed in 2011. Analysis of delay causes contributing to the average delay per flight shows a notable increase in reactionary delay, with this cause experiencing a 48% share of total delay minutes for all- causes and an increase in its contribution to the average delay per flight of 3.8 minutes, up from 3.5 minutes in March 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitte Recht Familienfreundlich Am Meisten Tee Dpa HAMBURG
    DONNERSTAG, 9. AUGUST 2012 WIRTSCHAFT 7 KOMPAKT Ostfriesen trinken Bitte recht familienfreundlich am meisten Tee dpa HAMBURG. So ent- Wie die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben zum Wettbewerbsvorteil wird spannend wie eine Tasse Tee dürften die aktuellen Von Anne Diekhoff Konsumzahlen für die Tee- industrie sein. Das Import- RHEINE/MÜNSTER. Firmen volumen hat sich 2011 um brauchen gute Mitarbeiter. knapp sechs Prozent auf Mitarbeiter brauchen Jobs, 53 768 Tonnen im Ver- die ihnen nicht das Familien- gleich zum Vorjahr erhöht. leben unnötig erschweren. Auch Exporte konnten ge- Ihre Ansprüche sind in den steigert werden: Rund vergangenen Jahren gestie- 27 196 Tonnen Tee, 4,8 Pro- gen – und diese Botschaft zent mehr als 2010, wurden hat inzwischen auch die in Deutschland veredelt. Wirtschaft erreicht. Am häufigsten brühen sich Ostfriesen eine Tasse. Nach den Sommerferien Knapp 300 Liter Schwarz- wird Birgit Saborowskis 14- tee trinkt jeder Ostfriese im jähriger Sohn mit einem neu- Schnitt pro Jahr. en Stundenplan aus der Schule kommen. Dann wird die gelernte Steuerfachange- Wieder Rückschlag stellte ihre Arbeitszeiten wie- für Spanien der anpassen, um zu Hause sein zu können, wenn der Un- dpa MADRID. Das schwer terricht ihres Jüngsten aus angeschlagene Euro-Land ist. „Kein Problem“, sagt sie, Spanien muss einen neuen und ihre Stimme verrät, dass Rückschlag verkraften. Im sie stolz auf ihren Arbeitge- Juni ist die Industriepro- ber ist, der das möglich duktion ein Stück weit stär- macht: Die Steuer- und Wirt- ker eingebrochen als be- schaftsprüfersozietät Döcker fürchtet. Das spanische Wigger Lührmann (DWL) in Statistikamt meldete ges- Rheine ist in diesem Jahr tern einen Juni-Rückgang vom Bundesfamilienministe- von 6,3 Prozent zum Vor- rium als familienfreundlichs- jahr.
    [Show full text]
  • Friday, July 13, 2012 Week 28
    Friday, July 13, 2012 Week 28 YOUR AERO PARTNER IN INSTRUMENTS COMPONENT & AVIONICS, INC. REPAIR The Newsletter of Record for the Aviation Industry since 1979 - ISSN 0271-2598 1,714th Issue www.speednews.com Page 1 of 10 BOEING announced 215 737 MAX orders/commitments from four leasing companies: AIR LEASE CORP for 60 737 MAX-8s and 15 737 MAX-9s (also reconfirmation rights for 25), GECAS for 75 737 MAX-8s, ALAFCO for 20 737 MAX-8s, and AVOLON for 10 737 MAX-8s and five 737 MAX-9s (reconfirmation rights for five).GECAS (25) and AVOLON (10) also agreed to order 35 737-800s. UNITED ordered 100 737 MAX-9s and 50 737-900ERs (both 180-pax) in deal valued at $14.7b; 737 program reached >10,000 orders. SKYWEST, Utah agreed to order 100 PW1200G-powered MRJs for 2017-2020. MITSUBISHI now has 230 orders/commitments. CATHAY PACIFIC agreed to order 10 Trent-powered A350-1000s, plus convert 16 of original 36 A350-900s on order to -1000s. BOMBARDIER booked a conditional order from an unidentified customer for five CS100s and 10 CS300s. It also announced that CHINA EXPRESS AIRLINES converted previously announced conditional order for six CRJ900NGs, plus five options, and AIRBALTIC signed LOI to order 10 CS300s and take 10 purchase rights. CHORUS AVIATION converted six (of 15) Q400 options. AIRASIA said that it is in CSeries order talks and finalizing negotiations with AIRBUS for 50-100 additional aircraft. CIT AEROSPACE ordered 10 more A330s, including new 240-tonne variant (see page two), and has now ordered 51 (36 delivered).
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Selected Enterprises in the Aviation Industry in Romania and Poland After 1989
    Revista de Științe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques • No. 67 • 2020: 170 - 180 ORIGINAL PAPER From a state-owned giant to a market enterprise? The evolution of selected enterprises in the aviation industry in Romania and Poland after 1989 Andrzej Dubicki1) Abstract Year 1989 was an important turning point, not only in the political history of Poland and Romania, but also for the transport sector of both countries. Political events allowed for a thorough reconstruction of the air transport sector in both countries. Both airfleets entered the new political reality as state-owned enterprises, though with different traditions. Both countries have begun transforming their own aviation market in a similar place, with a rather outdated air fleet, with some few modern aircraft. Nevertheless, the further development of respective aviation markets took place in different ways, as long as no native competitor for LOT appeared in Poland for various reasons, the situation is somewhat different in Romania and TAROM now experiences serious competition from the low-cost carrier BlueAir. Both state-owned enterprises had to take advantage of public aid, LOT in 2012, while TAROM in 2020.Time will show whether the Romanian national carrier will be able to repeat the success of the Polish one, which after a period of recession is now able to expand on the European market.The aim of the article is to show and compare the development of the Polish and Roumanian air markets and to try to find common points of the situation created after 1989. There will be used various sources, including monographs, analysis and articles of this specific topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Airlines List in Outside
    Partner Airline List (Ticketprinter outside BSP) 23 March, 2012 The following list provides an overview of Hahn Air Partner Airlines available in your market. Hahn Air offers 243 airlines for single and multi airline ticketing and 2 airlines for multi airline ticketing only (marked in orange colour). Please always use Quick Check on www.hahnair.com prior to ticketing. 1X Branson AirExpress CU Cubana de Aviacion LG Luxair SP SATA Air Acores 2I Star Perú CX CATHAY PACIFIC Airways LI Liat SS Corsairfly 2J Air Burkina CY Cyprus Airways LO LOT Polish Airlines SV Saudi Arabian Airlines 2K AeroGal Aerolineas Galapagos CZ China Southern Airlines LP Lan Peru SW Air Namibia 2L Helvetic Airways D2 Severstal Aircompany LR Lacsa SX SkyWork Airlines 2M Moldavian Airlines D6 Interair South Africa LW Pacific Wings Airlines SY Sun Country Airlines 2N Nextjet DC Golden Air LY EL AL Israel Airlines T4 TRIP Linhas Aéreas 2W Welcome Air DG South East Asian Airlines M7 Marsland Aviation TA TACA 3B Job Air - Central Connect DN Senegal Airlines M9 Motor Sich Airlines JSC TB Jetairfly.com 3E Air Choice One DV JSC Air Company Scat MD Air Madagascar TF Malmö Aviation 3L InterSky EI Aer Lingus ME Middle East Airlines TK Turkish Airlines 3P Tiara Air N.V. EK Emirates MF Xiamen Airlines TM LAM - Linhas Aereas 4J Somon Air ET Ethiopian Airlines MH Malaysia Airlines TN Air Tahiti Nui 4M Lan Argentina EY Etihad Airways MI SilkAir TU Tunis Air 4Q Safi Airways F7 Darwin Airline SA MK Air Mauritius U6 Ural Airlines 5C Nature Air F9 Frontier Airlines MU China Eastern Airlines
    [Show full text]
  • News2biz POLAND No 481, 27 August 2012
    The bi-weekly business report by Bonnier Poland is one of our POLAND focused centers of ”recruiting. | No 481 | 27 August 2012 | Creating transparency in emerging markets since 1991 | www.news2biz.com | Marcus Ryu, CEO of Guidewire Software PAGE 5 MANUFACTURING Thousands of Poles fall Sweden's Electrolux sets up regional CEE victim to Ponzi scheme head office in Warsaw PAGE 2 The August collapse of unregulated in- FINANCE vestment company Amber Gold left Agri sector bank BGZ goes 100% Dutch thousands of Poles wondering whether PAGE 4 after Rabobank's hefty bid they would ever see any of the PLN 90m PROPERTY & CONSTRUCTION they entrusted its founders, and raised a Skanska acquires premium Warsaw site lot of questions about the effectiveness in controversial deal PAGE 9 of Polish regulatory authorities. Operat- ENERGY & RESOURCES ing since 2009, Amber Gold was one of a Germany's RWE adds two wind farms number of Polish "para-banks" offering to its Polish portfolio PAGE 11 investors higher returns than those be- TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS ing given by formal banks. Established New Modlin Airport receives 0.2m by a convicted fraudster, the scheme at- passengers in first six weeks PAGE 13 tracted some 50,000 clients. PAGE 21 FOOD & AGRICULTURE HP seeks to create hundreds of service outsourcing jobs in Lodz. Photo: n2b archive GoodMills Group to invest PLN 50m in Most important updated Polish grain processing business PAGE 14 HP lands in Lodz with giant new project key figures in this issue IT & TELECOM Industrial output & PPI in July PAGE 4 Netia expands cooperation with IT giant HP has decided to expand its Global Delivery Centre be- Property investments in 1H PAGE 8 Sweden's Ericsson PAGE 17 yond Wroclaw, where the US company already employs close to Retail sales in July PAGE 21 RETAIL & SERVICE 2,500 staff.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 332 691 38,57% 1 468 230 29,89% 2 665 010 44,07% 2 377 776 48,41
    Liczba pasażerów obsłużonych w polskich portach lotniczych w krajowym i międzynarodowym ruchu regularnym w drugim kwartale 2011 i 2012 roku 2012 2011 liczba liczba Przewoźnik l.p. pasażerów udział l.p. pasażerów udział LOT Polish Airlines + EuroLOT 1 1 603 850 26,52% 1 1 466 998 29,86% Ryanair 2 1 233 665 20,40% 3 1 013 107 20,62% Wizz Air 3 1 165 610 19,27% 2 1 116 576 22,73% OLT Express Poland 4 442 701 7,32% – – – Lufthansa 5 416 353 6,88% 4 401 901 8,18% EuroLOT1 6 120 239 1,99% – – – EasyJet 7 109 377 1,81% 5 102 752 2,09% Norwegian Air Shuttle 8 105 175 1,74% 6 93 031 1,89% Jet Air 9 88 906 1,47% 41 165 0,00% Air France 10 84 100 1,39% 7 84 297 1,72% SAS 11 83 772 1,39% 8 68 506 1,39% OLT Express Regional 12 73 697 1,22% – – – KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 13 60 915 1,01% 9 62 659 1,28% Swiss International Air Lines 14 44 815 0,74% 11 45 768 0,93% British Airways 15 42 740 0,71% 10 59 825 1,22% Aeroflot-Russian Airlines 16 42 733 0,71% 15 37 139 0,76% Austrian Airlines 17 41 133 0,68% 13 41 606 0,85% Finnair 18 38 906 0,64% 16 31 020 0,63% Aer Lingus 19 37 111 0,61% 12 45 306 0,92% Air Berlin 20 25 554 0,42% 26 9 599 0,20% Alitalia 21 23 578 0,39% 18 24 254 0,49% Czech Airlines 22 20 486 0,34% 14 40 030 0,81% Brussels Airlines 23 19 094 0,32% 17 25 085 0,51% TAP Portugal 24 17 856 0,30% 22 15 156 0,31% Aerosvit Airlines 25 16 536 0,27% 24 10 538 0,21% Pozostali przewoźnicy 88 943 1,47% 116 813 2,38% Przewoźnicy polscy* 2 332 691 38,57% 1 468 230 29,89% LCC** 2 665 010 44,07% 2 377 776 48,41% SUMA 6 047 845 4 912 131 *Przewoźnicy polscy:
    [Show full text]
  • Publicación De Decisiones De Los Estados Miembros De Concesión
    C 98/4 Europea Unión la de Oficial Diario 5.4.2013 Publicación de decisiones de los Estados miembros de concesión, suspensión o revocación de licencias de explotación de conformidad con el artículo 10, apartado 3, del Reglamento (CE) no 1008/2008 sobre normas comunes para la explotación de servicios aéreos en la Comunidad (1 ) (refundición) (Texto pertinente a efectos del EEE) (2013/C 98/04) ES De conformidad con el artículo 10 del Reglamento (CE) no 1008/2008 sobre normas comunes para la explotación de servicios aéreos en la Comunidad (refundición), la Comisión publica las decisiones de concesión, suspensión o revocación de licencias de explotación adoptadas por los Estados miembros entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2012. Licencias de explotación concedidas Autorizada a efectuar transporte Estado miembro Nombre de la compañía aérea Dirección de la compañía aérea Categoría (1 ) Decisión efectiva desde de Austria ART Aviation Flugbetriebs GmbH Esslingstrasse 2/2 Pasajeros, carga y correo A 14.11.2012 1010 Wien Austria JETALLIANCE South GmbH Flugplatz 1 Pasajeros, carga y correo A 20.4.2012 2542 Kottingbrunn Austria ‘Eurosystems Trade’ Warenhandelsges.m.b.H. (Euro Flight He­ Hermann Gebauerstraße 22a Pasajeros, carga y correo B 14.5.2012 licopter Service) 1220 Wien Austria My Fair Jet GmbH Innsbrucker Bundesstraße 95 Pasajeros, carga y correo B 15.5.2012 5020 Salzburg República Checa Air Bohemia a.s. Chrastavská 263/8 Pasajeros, carga y correo B 20.4.2012 Liberec 2 PSČ 538 03 República Checa Queen Air s.r.o. Ostrava, Hulváky Pasajeros, carga y correo B 9.2.2012 Varšavská 1101/80 PSČ 709 00 Dinamarca Cimber A/S Lufthavnsvej 2 Pasajeros, carga y correo A 16.5.2012 6400 Sønderborg Estonia AS Airest Majaka 26 Pasajeros, carga y correo A 29.8.2012 11412 Tallinn Estonia OÜ Nordic Jet Paljassaare tee 14 Pasajeros, carga y correo B 9.7.2012 10313 Tallinn Estonia OÜ SmartLynx Airlines Estonia Tartu mnt 101 Pasajeros, carga y correo A 26.6.2012 101112 Tallinn (1) DO L 293 de 31.10.2008, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Industry Monitor the EUROCONTROL Bulletin on Air Transport Trends
    Issue N°143. 30/08/12 Industry Monitor The EUROCONTROL bulletin on air transport trends European traffic decreased by 0.5% in June and 1.3% in July compared with respective months in EUROCONTROL statistics and forecasts 1 2011. Other statistics and forecasts 2 European Airline’s Association AEA expects Passenger airlines 3 airlines to lose €1.5 billion in 2012. Airports 7 Spanish Government increased airport taxes in Aircraft Manufacturing 7 Spain. Financial results of airlines 8 Air France gives up the opening of a fourth Oil 9 regional base in Bordeaux. Regulation 9 Oil prices came very close to $100 per barrel at Environment 10 the end of August, climbing up again from lower Fares 10 June prices. EUROCONTROL statistics and forecasts European flights decreased by 0.5% in June and 1.3% in July on same months a year before, in line with the forecast (see Figure 1). It is the low-cost and charter carriers which are adding traffic over the Summer. Since April, low-cost segment pushed back into growth, reaching a modest 3% growth over the April-to-July period. Charter growth (3.6% year-to-date), is still largely due to the bounce-back from the downturn following the Arab Spring. The traditional scheduled, all-cargo and business aviation segments all remain 3% below 2011 levels, since January 2012 (EUROCONTROL, August). Based on preliminary data from airlines for delay from all causes, 41% of flights were delayed on departure in July, resulting in a 3 percentage point decrease on July 2011. Analysis of the causes of delay show that reactionary delay saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay per flight from 5.6 to 4.5 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of REFERENCES ITW GSE 400 Hz Gpus AIRPORTS
    Page 1 of 15 January 2017 LIST OF REFERENCES ITW GSE 400 Hz GPUs AIRPORTS Alger Airport Algeria 2005 Zvartnots Airport Armenia 2007 Brisbane Airport Australia 2013 Melbourne Airport Australia 2011-14 Perth Airport Australia 2011-12-13 Klagenfurt Airport Austria 1993 Vienna International Airport Austria 1995-2001-14-15 Bahrain International Airport Bahrain 2010-12 Minsk Airport Belarus 2014 Brussels International Airport Belgium 2001-02-08-15-16 Charleroi Airport Belgium 2006 Sofia Airport Bulgaria 2005 Air Burkina Burkina Faso 2004 Punta Arenas Chile 2001 Santiago Airport Chile 2011 Pointe Noitre Airport Congo Brazzaville 2009-10 Dubrovnik Airport Croatia 2014-16 La Habana Airport Cuba 2010 Larnaca Airport Cyprus 2008 Ostrava Airport Czech Republic 2010 Prague Airport Czech Republic 1996-97-2002-04-05-07-12-14-16 Aalborg Airport Denmark 1997-98-99-2012-15 Billund Airport Denmark 1999-2000-02-08-12-13-16 Copenhagen Airports Authorities Denmark 89-93-99-2000-01-03-07-09-10-11-12-13-14-15-16 Esbjerg Airport Denmark 2007-08-14 Hans Christian Andersen Airport (Odense) Denmark 1991-95-2015 Roenne Airport Denmark 1993 Karup Airport Denmark 1997-2016 Curacao Airport Dutch Antilles 2007 Cairo Intl. Airport Egypt 2015 Tallinn Airport Estonia 2004-05-14 Aéroport de Malabo Equatorial Guinea 2012 Vága Floghavn Faroe Islands 2015 Helsinki-Vantaa Airport Finland 1996-97-2000-05-06-09-10-13-14 Rovaniemi Airport Finland 2000 Turku Airport Finland 2014 Aéroport d’Aiglemont for Prince Aga Khan France 20007 Aéroport de Biarritz France 2009 Aéroport de Brest
    [Show full text]
  • For an Europe Which Protects Its Consumers in Their Daily Lives
    Help and advice for consumers in Europe European Consumer Centres Network For an Europe which protects its consumers in their daily lives September 2019 The ECC-Net offers its expertise on cross-border consumer topics ECCs are experts on consumer issues in the EU 30 centres across all EU Member States, Norway and Iceland,. work closely together ts to resolve consumern disputes in an ami- cable manner. Eache centre is co-funded by the European Union m and national govern- There are many consumer challenges By providing a full and centralised connected to new developments such as service, ECC-Net is committed to em- arti icial intelligence, connected objects powering consumers and enabling them and autonomous driving. However, basic to take full advantage of the Single Market. consu-mer rights still need to be further strengthe-ned and harmonised. Consumer rights are not respected by all, causing great harm across Europe and endangering consumer trust in the Single The ECC-Net : 30 centres across Europe with Market. 15 years of experience and unique expertise In the following pages the ECC-Net will share its insight into the most pressing issues facing European consumers today, and provide evidence-based The primary role of ECC-Net is to enhance feedback and examples from consumer con idence when engaging in different Member States to policy cross-border transactions by providing makers. free information and advice to the public on their rights as consumers, as well as as- sistance in the resolution of cross-border consumer disputes. Recently, it was also decided that the ECC-Net will contribute even more to the cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection laws (CPC-Network), as an external alert mecha- nism.
    [Show full text]