Managing Public Transportation
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www.internationalesverkehrswesen.de Special Edition 1 l May 2017 Volume 69 International Transportation International Transportation Managing public transportation STRATEGIES Governance – Strategies – Solutions Fit for tomorrow’s transportation challenges? BEST PRACTICE Open chances for sustainable public mobility PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS Planning and operating with cloud assistance SCIENCE & RESEARCH Special Edition 1 | May 2017 1 | May Special Edition Intelligent mobility systems and services © Clipdealer © Hier klicken Sie richtig! IV online: Neuer Look – mehr Nutzen Informiert mit einem Klick Die Webseite von Internationales Verkehrswesen hat ein neues Das finden Sie auf www.internationalesverkehrswesen.de: Gesicht bekommen. Die aktuellen Webseiten unseres Magazins • Aktuelle Meldungen rund um Mobilität, Transport und Verkehr bringen eine frische Optik und eine Reihe neuer Funktionalitäten. • Termine und Veranstaltungen in der aktuellen Übersicht Vor allem aber: Die Webseite ist im Responsive Design gestaltet – • Übersichten, Links und Ansprechpartner für Kunden und Leser und damit auch auf Mobilgeräten wie Smartphones und Tablets • Autoren-Service mit Themen, Tipps und Formularen bestens lesbar. • Beitragsübersicht und Abonnenten-Zugang zum Heftarchiv Schauen Sie doch Trialog Publishers Verlagsgesellschaft einfach mal rein! Eberhard Buhl M.A., Dipl.-Ing. Christine Ziegler VDI Marschnerstraße 87 | 81245 München www.internationalesverkehrswesen.de +49 89 889518.71 | [email protected] Anzeige U2.indd 1 25.10.2016 10:00:42 Sebastian Belz POINT OF VIEW The organization of European railways: Confusing for the customers ocal public transportation on the streets and railways is incorporating services from many different transport providers. organized very differently around the world. Whereas This approach has been followed in Germany during the last some countries and regions have very elaborate systems 40 years, where it has increasingly become the norm. Other of financing and operation, many have only negligible or countries in western Europe continue to rely on less complex Leven no state-run organization. systems, most of which adequately cover service needs in metro- It is not possible to label a particular system as being either politan areas. In recent years, many urban regions in central “good” or “bad” without accurate knowledge of its underlying Europe have also followed this example. However, passengers in regional economic and social background and an understanding of rural regions remain disadvantaged: They must contend with its historical development. In general, in order to make a qualified extremely limited service and need to purchase a separate ticket judgement about a transit system, it is important to actually see and to complete their travel. use it, to become familiarized with it, to analytically understand it • Gaps at borders: Using public transportation services beyond and, above all, to appreciate how efficient it is for the passenger. country borders or demarcated areas of authority is a problem all Europe’s railway sector is characterized by a variety of organiza- over Europe. Service provided by one country often ends at the tional models. For example, Germany and Sweden have competi- border, even though offering transport for only a short distance tion-oriented systems based on long-standing and solid financial would be needed for the journey to remain uninterrupted. When foundations. In other countries, railway systems exist in protected and if such offers are available, they are often based on bilateral political spheres, and in part, carry on their operations depending agreements that involve a great deal of effort from local service on their current cash positions. Owing to European legislation that providers and, as such, are expensive. In addition, the integration has opened public transportation markets, many countries are still of fares for lines that cross borders is the exception. Instead, the searching for an optimal solution. prohibitive effect of adding divergent fare systems is the norm. Passenger rail transport systems show substantial differences • Inclusion of long-distance trains: In most countries, passenger with respect to the following aspects, some of which may negatively rail systems providing regional and local transport are publicly affect system synergies: organized. However, this is not always the case for long-distance • Planning security: Poland’s railway system service is based on train service. This is an unfavorable situation, because the differ- four timetable periods per year, with two sub-sections per period. ent transport requirements and infrastructures overlap. These Over the year, service may change considerably from one period overlaps could often be practically resolved in a collective rail- to the other. In contrast, railway timetables in Germany are gen- way system in order to provide economical service. In this erally offered for the entire year, and typically involve a planning regard, Great Britain has commanded a pioneering role for years stage of over 18 months. In order to create an even greater plan- by tendering large networks, most of which fully encompass ning security for the user, more and more German regional rail long-distance trains. In addition, the Czech Republic Ministry service providers include the passengers in the timetable plan- for Transport in Prague, which supervises inter-regional, long- ning as far as two years in advance. distance trains, has found a solution that better fits spatial plan- • Flexibility: The disadvantage of long-term transportation con- ning needs than a pure orientation to independently competi- tracts lies in their rigidity. Service providers in Germany are tive, long-distance transport strategies. often over-challenged by changes in demand. Systems with large vehicle reserve capacities, such as in Italy and Switzerland, are From the customers’ perspectives, an optimal passenger rail trans- often better able to respond to increased demand. port system does not yet exist. Overall, further developments and har- • Density and frequency of offerings: Most countries in western monization efforts are warranted, also in order to improve efficiency Europe base their planning on synchronized timetables, as intro- and above all, to enable the transportation sector to make a contribu- duced by and used in Switzerland and the Netherlands, to offer tion towards achieving Paris climate goals. EU authorities need to look extensive, connected services that run at one-hour intervals or beyond regulatory frameworks and demonstrate a stronger commit- even more frequently. The situation is different in central and ment to closing the gaps in international transport routes. In doing so, eastern Europe, but also in France, where for many routes, it is clear improvements in service can be achieved with little costs. considered to be sufficient to offer a few trains per day. • Fare integration: For over 100 years, Switzerland has pursued Sebastian Belz the idea of ensuring passenger mobility “from one source” by General Secretary, European Platform of Transport Sciences (EPTS) International Transportation (69) 1 | 2017 3 International Transportation PAGE 14 Pixabay Photo: PAGE 26 ropeway Leitner Photo: POINT OF VIEW STRATEGIES BEST PRACTICE 3 The organization of European 6 Transport for tomorrow 21 PPP in Japan’s railway system – railways: Confusing for the Statement a success story customers Vincent Benezech Wilfried Wunderlich Sebastian Belz Oliver Mayer 8 European passenger rail services in transition 26 Managing public transport in The Fourth EU railway pack- Windhoek age brings changes and new The implementation of a new challenges to passenger rail public bus service for Windhoek, authorities Namibia Ludger Sippel Ernst-Benedikt Riehle Julian Nolte Ursula Hein 12 Repair or replace 30 Using GPS technology for Why the “Juncker Fund” is in demand data collection contradiction with the EU’s Introduction to opportunities transport policy – and how it and challenges of the methodo- can still be turned into a success logy in developing and emerging Michael Cramer economies Jens Müller Jakob Baum Enrico Howe 14 Public transit and land use decisions Review of guidebooks for transit agencies Andreas Kossak 18 MoviCi – Urban Mobility in the KNOWLEDGE AT A GLANCE Smart City The project “MoviCi – Urban Read the Mobility in the Smart City” International Transportation edition connects Colombian and for free – use the convenient German researchers and download from our website practitioners Volume 1/2017: Managing Public Transport Mirko Goletz Dirk Heinrichs Volume 1/2016: Smarter on the move Katharina Karnahl Volume 2/2015: Looking ahead Mathias Höhne Volume 1/2015. Urban transport 4 International Transportation (69) 1 | 2017 CONTENT May 2017 PAGE 36 ropeway Leitner Photo: PAGE 41 Rainer Sturm/pixelio.de Photo: PRODUCTS & SCIENCE & SOLUTIONS RESEARCH 34 Deutsche Bahn Group is shifting 38 The intelligent railway system 54 Projects in a nutshell to the DB Enterprise Cloud theory Overview of selected mobility A compliant cloud architecture The European railway research research projects on AWS seemed to be a good perspective and the develop- 54 Will grass become the new choice ment of the European digital gasoline? Bertram Dorn railway strategy 55 Making lithium-ion batteries Dániel Tokody lighter, safer, more efficient 36 Solutions in a nutshell Francesco Flammini 55 A new take on aircraft takeoff A compliant cloud architecture and landing