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Instruction Manual for the Assessment of Running Water Ecological Status in Accordance with the Requirements of the EG-Water

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Instruction Manual for the Assessment of Running Water Ecological Status in Accordance with the Requirements of the EG-Water Bavarian Environment Agency Instruction Manual for the Assessment of Running Water Ecological Status in Accordance with the Requirements of the EG-Water Framework Directive: Macrophytes and Phytobenthos Version January 2012 Dr. Jochen Schaumburg Christine Schranz Dr. Doris Stelzer Dr. Andrea Vogel Dr. Antje Gutowski Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 Contractor Bavarian Environment Agency (Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt) Project Management Dr. Jochen Schaumburg, Bayer. Landesamt für Umwelt Coordination Dipl.-Biol. Christine Schranz, Bayer. Landesamt für Umwelt Macrophytes Dr. Doris Stelzer, Hohenbrunn-Riemerling Diatoms Dr. Andrea Vogel, Hechendorf Phytobenthos Dr. Antje Gutowski, Bremen Translation Dr. Lydia King und Jacqueline King, Freiburg With articles from Dr. Klaus van de Weyer and Dr. Uwe Koenzen et al. (Planungsbüro Koenzen). Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 Table of Content 1 Preliminary Remarks 15 2 Sampling and Determination of the Macrophyte & Phytobenthos Biocoenosis 16 2.1 Macrophytes 17 2.1.1 Mapping Equipment 17 2.1.2 Determination of the Mapping Section 18 2.1.3 Completion of the Field Protocol 18 2.2 Diatoms 22 2.2.1 Sampling Intervals 22 2.2.2 Sampling Methods 22 2.2.3 Sampling Equipment for Running Waters 24 2.2.4 Preparation 25 2.2.5 Preparation of Permanent Mounts 27 2.2.6 Microscopic Evaluation 29 2.2.7 Criteria for Reliable Evaluation and Assessment 30 2.3 Phytobenthos without Diatoms 33 2.3.1 Sampling 33 2.3.2 Transport, Fixation, Storage and Shipment of Samples 36 2.3.3 Microscopic Analysis and Documentation 37 3 Determination of Running Water Type 44 4 Assessment 53 4.1 Macrophytes 53 4.1.1 Calculation of the Reference Index 53 4.1.2 Type Specific Particularities of the Assessment Procedure 59 4.2 Diatoms 63 4.2.1 Assessment Module “Species Composition and Abundance” 63 4.2.2 Assessment Module “Trophic Index and Saprobic Index” 65 4.2.3 Assessment Module “Indicators of Acidification” 65 4.2.4 Assessment Module “Halobic Index” 66 4.2.5 Determination of Ecological Quality by Combination of Modules 67 4.2.6 Module Diatoms 67 4.2.7 Additional Metrics 68 4.3 Phytobenthos without Diatoms 89 4.4 Overall Assessment of Running Waters with Macrophytes and Phytobenthos 99 1 Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 4.4.1 Combination of the Metrics Macrophytes, Diatoms and Phytobenthos without Diatoms 99 4.4.2 Determination of the Ecological Status Class 101 4.5 Remarks to the Interpretation of Assessment Results 129 5 Literature 131 6 Identification Literature 135 7 Appendix 144 7.1 Profiles of Biocoenotic Macrophyte Types 146 7.2 Preservatives for Phytobenthos Sampling 162 7.3 Mapping and Field Protocols 164 7.4 Alignment of the running waters typology of Schaumburg et al. (2006) with the LAWA- running water types article by Dr. Klaus van de Weyer 178 7.5 Consultation about the Determination of the Valley Bottom Gradient for a Macrophyte Typology for Running Waters article by Planungsbüro Koenzen 184 2 Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 List of Tables Table 1: Possible reasons for the non-existence of macrophytes at a sampling section and the assessment regarding the classification as macrophyte eradication.................................................. 21 Table 2: List of pennate diatom taxa with a planktic way of life to be excluded during microscopic analysis (D = distribution, m = marine, b = brackish water, No = serial number)......... 30 Table 3: Aerophilic taxa according to LANGE-BERTALOT (1996) and HILDEBRAND (1991)........................ 32 Table 4: Estimation of abundance................................................................................................................. 39 Table 5: Recommendations of work and time required for sub-samples – simplified analysis.................... 39 Table 6: Recommendations of work and time required for sub-samples - detailed procedure..................... 40 Table 7: Abundance estimates - simplified method ...................................................................................... 42 Table 8: Abundance estimates – detailed procedure..................................................................................... 43 Table 9: Key to the macrophyte types in the ecoregion Alps ....................................................................... 46 Table 10: Key to the diatom types in the ecoregion Alps. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008) ................................................................................................. 46 Table 11: Key to the phytobenthos types within the ecoregion Alps. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 46 Table 12: Key to the macrophyte types in the Alpine Foothills.................................................................... 47 Table 13: Key to diatom types in the ecoregion Alpine Foothills. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008) ............................................................................................. 47 Table 14: Key to phytobenthos types in the ecoregion Alpine Foothills. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 47 Table 15: Key to the macrophyte type in the Central German Upland......................................................... 48 Table 16: Key to diatom types in the ecoregion Central German Upland. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 49 Table 17: Key to phytobenthos types in the ecoregion Central German Upland. LAWA-Typ according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 49 Table 18: Key to macrophyte type in ecoregion North German Lowland.................................................... 50 Table 19: Criteria for the differentiation of rhithral and potamal running waters or water body sections (Extract from van de Weyer, see Appendix, chapter 7.4, slightly modified)................. 51 Table 20: Suggestion for a macrophyte running water type adjustment: LAWA-PHYLIB for the North German Lowland (according to van de Weyer, included are only the most probable types, see Appendix, chapter 7.4, modified).................................................................. 51 Table 21: Key to diatom types in the ecoregion North German Lowland. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 52 Table 22: Key to phytobenthos types in the ecoregion North German Lowland. LAWA-type according to POTTGIEßER & SOMMERHÄUSER (2008)......................................................................... 52 Table 23: Type specific indicator groups for macrophyte evaluations (No = serial number)....................... 53 Table 24: Application of siliceous and calcareous groups of reference taxa for the different diatom types. In this table, sub-types are combined to types of higher order. ..................................... 64 Table 25: Reduction of the sum of reference taxa in the case of mass occurrences of a type specific reference taxon (>40%) in running waters of the Central German Uplands and the North German Lowland (diatom type D 5 to D 13, including sub-types)...................... 64 Table 26: Indicators of anthropogenic acidification ..................................................................................... 66 Table 27: Assessment module “indicators of acidification” ......................................................................... 66 Table 28: Conversion of relative abundance to abundance class.................................................................. 67 3 Macrophytes and Phytobenthos in Running Waters January 2012 Table 29: Assessment module “Salinization” ............................................................................................... 67 Table 30: Type specific reference taxa (if no varieties are mentioned, the type variety is concerned) Synonyms are incorporated in the evaluation software ................................................. 69 Table 31: General reference taxa Geochemistry: blue: = reference taxon of siliceous water bodies, yellow: = reference taxon of calcareous water bodies, grey = to be considered as reference taxon due to trophic sensitivity (data of geochemical preference still insufficient). If no varieties are mentioned, the type variety is concerned. Synonyms are incorporated in the evaluation software. .................................................................. 70 Table 32: Taxon specific parameters for calculation of trophic index and saprobic index according to ROTT et al. (1997, 1999) TW = trophic value; SW = saprobic value; G = weighting. If no varieties are mentioned, the nominat variety is concerned. This table corresponds with the publication of ROTT et al. Not all taxa included here are also part of the phytobenthos as in PHYLIB (e.g. centrics) and are relevant for assessment (see also Chapter 2.2.6 and 2.2.7). Synonyms are incorporated in the evaluation software.......................................................................................................................... 77 Table 33: Indicator taxa
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