DOCSLIB.ORG

Database and Atlas of Aquatic Vascular Plants the British Isles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Database and Atlas of Aquatic Vascular Plants the British Isles f t 3 DATABASE AND ATLAS OF AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS THE BRITISH ISLES Part I : Species Accounts ITE NRA National Rivers Authority Project Record 352/2/N&Y ' NRA 352/2/N&Y fG 'S-C NATIONAL RIVERSAUTHCJRITY Database ami-*rtflas o-f a q u a tlp -^ 7 a s c u 1 ar p la n ts i j A JXC -tfT 1 so . 00 Database and Atlas of Aquatic Vascular Plants in the British Isles Part I: Species Accounts C D Preston and J M Croft Research Contractor: Institute of Freshwater Ecology Monks Wood Abbots Ripton Huntingdon Cambridge PE17 2LS National Rivers Authority Rivers House Waterside Drive Almondsbury Bristol BS12 4UD Project Record 352/2/N&Y ENVIRONMENT AGENCY 136210 Commissioning Organisation National Rivers Authority Rivers House Waterside Drive Almondsbury . Bristol BS12 4UD Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 ® National Rivers Authority 1995 . All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the National Rivers Authority. The views expressed in this document are not necessarily those of the NRA. Its officers, servants or agents accept no liability for any loss or damage arising from the interpretation or use of the information, or reliance upon views contained herein. Dissemination Status Internal: Limited Release External: Restricted Statement of Use This document provides information on the occurrence and distribution of aquatic plants in Britain and provides a valuable source of data fro NRA staff.. Research Contractor This document was produced under project 352 by: Institute of Freshwater Ecology Monkswood Abbots Ripton Huntingdon Cambridge PE17 2LS NRA Project Leader The NRA's Project Leader for Project 352 was: John Hogger - Northumbria and Yorkshire Region . Additional Copies No further copies of this document are available. Both volumes of the Project Record will incorporated into a book to be published in Spring 1996 as "An Atlas of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Britain and Ireland" by Harley Books, Colchester, Essex. Project Record 352/2/N&Y CONTENTS PAGE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 3 SPECIES ACCOUNTS 5 REFERENCES 303 INDEX 351 SUMMARY - VOLUME I The objectives of the Atlas and Database of Aquatic Plants Project are to develop a database of the distribution of aquatic plants in Britain and Ireland, and to prepare summaries of the data for publication. The project is funded by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, the National Rivers Authority and the NERC Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. This report consists of draft accounts of the families, genera, species and subspecies covered by the project. The habitat and reproductive biology of each species is outlined, trends in its British and Irish distribution discussed and its world distribution is summarised. Additional notes on other topics of interest are sometimes provided. The text should be read in conjunction with the distribution maps, Volume II. The text will be revised in the light of any comments received from referees and the modified text, maps and necessary introductory material and illustrations will be submitted to Harley Books for publication as a book, Aquatic Plants in Britain and Ireland 1 INTRODUCTION The objectives of the Database and Atlas of Aquatic Plants Project are : I- ■ to develop a database on the distribution of aquatic plants; 2 to prepare summaries of the data for publication as a book Aquatic Plants in Britain and Ireland. The project is jointly funded by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE). It builds on the existing records of aquatic plants held by the Biological Records Centre (BRC) at ITE Monks Wood. An outline of the project is provided in an earlier report (Preston et a/., 1993). Distribution maps of the taxa covered by the project are also included in that report. This report consists of text to accompany these maps. The species covered by the project are those vascular plants in Britain and Ireland which characteristically grow in permanent fresh or brackish water. They include submerged macrophytes, free-floating species and emergents which are rooted in permanent water but have aerial leaves. The project excludes plants which are not usually found in permanent water but which are rooted in floating masses of vegetation, or occur in seasonally flooded sites, fens or bogs. The dividing line between land and water is not clear-cut, but is marked by seasonal and non-seasonal fluctuations and more gradual changes. It cannot, therefore, be expected that there will be a clear division between terrestrial and aquatic plants, and many species have actually evolved to exploit the various transition zones between land and water. Many species undoubtedly qualify for inclusion under our criteria, but decisions about borderline cases are inevitably somewhat arbitrary. As the dividing line is so fuzzy, we have had no hesitation in occasionally including borderline species when it was convenient to do so: we have, for example, included both Ranunculus hederaceus and R. omiophyllus in order to provide an account of all the species in Ranunculus Subgenus Batrachium. During the preparation of the text, it has become clear that a few changes need to be made to the list of species covered by the project to bring it into line with the criteria outlined above. A number of species are mapped by Preston et aL (1993) but have subsequently been dropped and are not included in this report: these are Carex appropinquata, C. nigra, Equisetum palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Iris versicolor, I. x robusta, Lythrum salicaria, Mentha aquatica, Ranunculus lingua and Typha x glauca. Most o f these can be found in permanent water but are not sufficiently frequent in this habitat to qualify for inclusion. However, we have added Carex recta, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Ranunculus reptans and R. x levenensis. There are only three species of vascular plants which grow in sea water in our area, namely Zostera angustifolia, Z marina and Z. noltii. These are not covered by this project but accounts of all three are provided by Stewart et aL (1994). The numbering of the families and the genera follows Kent (1992). The scientific names of 3 British and Irish taxa are taken from Kent (1992) and the English names from Stace (1991). Synonyms are not given in the accounts of individual taxa, but synonyms which have been in recent use are included in the index. The text which follows gives a brief account of each family covered by the project. This attempts to set the British and Irish representatives in the context of the family as a whole. The accounts of the genera and species in the family follow. The generic accounts also attempt to set our species in the world context. If certain information is common to all the members of a genus this is usually given in the generic account rather than repeated under each species. The generic accounts are therefore variable in length, and tend to be short if there is pnly one aquatic plant in the genus in our area. It is important that the reader should realise that the account o f the genus and that o f the species should both be read to obtain all the information about the species. The first paragraph of each species account describes the habitat in Britain or Ireland. The altitudinal limit is given, and ’lowland’ denotes altitudes less than 300 m. The altitudinal limit may not be given explicitly for plants which are clearly confined to the lowlands (e.g. certain coastal species). The next paragraph outlines the reproductive biology and the third paragraph discusses any historic trends in the distribution in Britain and Ireland. If a species is thought to be under-recorded, this is mentioned here. The world distribution is described in the fourth paragraph. Other information may be added in a fifth paragraph. The species accounts presented here are final drafts. Some points which still require clarification are identified in bold in the text, and full details of a few references still need to be added. The maps and text, together with introductory material and illustrations, will be submitted to Harley Books on 10 July 1995 for publication as a book Aquatic Plants in Britain and Ireland. 4 \ 3. ISOETACEAE The Isoetaceae is a small and taxonomically isolated family of pteridophytes. In addition to Jsoetes, it includes only one other genus, Stylites, which is endemic to the Peruvian Andes. 3/1. Isoetes L. Isoetes is a genus of c. 100 species, of which 11 are recognised in Europe. They have linear leaves (or ’sporophylls’) arising from a bulb-like structure or ’corm\ The base of the sporophyll is expanded and contains a sporangium. The large female megaspores and the smaller male microspores are borne in sporangia on separate sporophylls on the same plant. The spores are released as the sporophylls die and decay. Both male and female prothalli develop within the spore walls, the mobile male gametes emerging from the microspores to effect fertilisation. The simple structure of Isoetes offers few characters to the taxonomist, and this (coupled with extreme phenotypic plasticity) means the taxonomy of the genus has always been difficult. Recent evidence indicates that interspecific hybridisation can take place in the genus, and that some species have arisen as fertile allopolyploids (Hickey et al., 1989). There are still a number of taxonomic problems to be resolved even in Europe. Three Isoetes species are known in Britain and Ireland, two of which are aquatic (/. echinospora, I. lacustris) and one terrestrial (I. histrix, a rare Mediterranean-Atlantic species restricted in our area to S.W.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apiaceae) - Beds, Old Cambs, Hunts, Northants and Peterborough
    CHECKLIST OF UMBELLIFERS (APIACEAE) - BEDS, OLD CAMBS, HUNTS, NORTHANTS AND PETERBOROUGH Scientific name Common Name Beds old Cambs Hunts Northants and P'boro Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder common common common common Aethusa cynapium Fool's Parsley common common common common Ammi majus Bullwort very rare rare very rare very rare Ammi visnaga Toothpick-plant very rare very rare Anethum graveolens Dill very rare rare very rare Angelica archangelica Garden Angelica very rare very rare Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica common frequent frequent common Anthriscus caucalis Bur Chervil occasional frequent occasional occasional Anthriscus cerefolium Garden Chervil extinct extinct extinct very rare Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley common common common common Apium graveolens Wild Celery rare occasional very rare native ssp. Apium inundatum Lesser Marshwort very rare or extinct very rare extinct very rare Apium nodiflorum Fool's Water-cress common common common common Astrantia major Astrantia extinct very rare Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip occasional frequent occasional occasional x Beruladium procurrens Fool's Water-cress x Lesser very rare Water-parsnip Bunium bulbocastanum Great Pignut occasional very rare Bupleurum rotundifolium Thorow-wax extinct extinct extinct extinct Bupleurum subovatum False Thorow-wax very rare very rare very rare Bupleurum tenuissimum Slender Hare's-ear very rare extinct very rare or extinct Carum carvi Caraway very rare very rare very rare extinct Chaerophyllum temulum Rough Chervil common common common common Cicuta virosa Cowbane extinct extinct Conium maculatum Hemlock common common common common Conopodium majus Pignut frequent occasional occasional frequent Coriandrum sativum Coriander rare occasional very rare very rare Daucus carota Wild Carrot common common common common Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo very rare, prob.
    [Show full text]
  • Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
    Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Studies of the South African Campanulaceae Sensu Stricto with an Emphasis on Generic Delimitations
    Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido Thesis presented for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany Town UNIVERSITY OF CAPECape TOWN of September 2009 University Roella incurva Merciera eckloniana Microcodon glomeratus Prismatocarpus diffusus Town Wahlenbergia rubioides Cape of Wahlenbergia paniculata (blue), W. annularis (white) Siphocodon spartioides University Rhigiophyllum squarrosum Wahlenbergia procumbens Representatives of Campanulaceae diversity in South Africa ii Town Dedicated to Ursula, Denroy, Danielle and my parents Cape of University iii Town DECLARATION Cape I confirm that this is my ownof work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. University Christopher N Cupido Cape Town, September 2009 iv Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido September 2009 ABSTRACT The South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto, comprising 10 genera, represent the most diverse lineage of the family in the southern hemisphere. In this study two phylogenies are reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. A family-level phylogeny was estimated to test the monophyly and time of divergence of the South African lineage. This analysis, based on a published ITS phylogeny and an additional ten South African taxa, showed a strongly supported South African clade sister to the campanuloids.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
    Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Resources Assessment
    Biological Resources Assessment Valle Vista Properties HAYWARD, ALAMEDA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared For: William Lyon Homes, Inc. 2603 Camino Ramon, Suite 450 San Ramon, California 94583 Contact: Scott Roylance WRA Contact: Mark Kalnins [email protected] Date: July 10, 2017 Revised: November 16, 2017 2169-G East Francisco Blvd., San Rafael, CA 94702 (415) 454-8868 tel [email protected] www.wra-ca.com This page intentionally blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 3 2.1 Sensitive Biological Communities .............................................................................. 3 2.2 Special-Status Species .............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Relevant Local Policies, Ordinances, Regulations ..................................................... 9 3.0 METHODS ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Biological Communities ............................................................................................ 10 3.1.1 Non-Sensitive Biological Communities ...................................................... 10 3.1.2 Sensitive Biological Communities .............................................................. 10 3.2 Special-Status Species ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Luronium Natans
    Luronium natans Status UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority species. Nationally Scarce. Schedule 8, Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981). IUCN Threat category: Least concern (2005). Taxonomy Magnoliopsida: Alismataceae Scientific names: Luronium natans (L.) Raf. Common names: Floating Water-plantain, Dŵr-lyriad Nofiadwy Luronium natans (Alisma natans L.) is a distinct member of the Water-plantain family, and is the only representative of its genus. Biology & Distribution Luronium is under-recorded due to its generally submerged aquatic habitat, shy flowering, great phenotypic plasticity and similarity to other aquatic plants. The leaves do not tend to be caught on NB. Floating grapnels or get washed ashore and often the easiest leaves are way to find it in water is to dive or use a long hooked usually more blunt than pole. It may also be found easily when exposed in Submerged illustrated seasonal ponds. The species can grow in both isolated leaves clumps or extensive lawns on the bottom of canals, lochs, ponds, etc., in water up to 4 m depth. Figure 1. Luronium natans (from J. Sowerby & J. E. Sowerby Although its stronghold is Wales and the Welsh (1902). English Botany. London) borders, it has been found recently in Cumbria, Scotland and Ireland where it is probably an over- that they have flat leaves). In still or gently flowing looked native rather than a recent arrival; it may well water the submerged rosette leaves are typically c. 5-15 be more widespread still. cm long, strongly flattened, linear-triangular, tapering uniformly from a base c. 4-7 mm wide to a fine acute Identification & Field survey tip.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Plant Name Index
    94 Conservation Science W. Aust. 4 Lindy(3) : 94–95 Cayzer (2002) et al Australian Plant Name Index LINDY CAYZER, LAURIE ADAMS, KIRSTEN COWLEY, BRENDAN LEPSCHI AND GREG WHITBREAD Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Summary The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), is a comprehensive database of published names of Australian vascular plants, now available on-line at: www.anbg.gov.au/apni . The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature has strict rules on the publication and priority of plant names and must be very carefully considered in any revision involving new plant names and name changes. In Australia we have an enormous heritage of taxonomic literature in many languages and from many sources, and much of this literature is not readily available either here or overseas. To assist clients needing this information, the Australian Academy of Science Standing Committee for a Flora of Australia set up the Australian Plant Name Index project in 1973, supervised by Nancy T.Burbidge AM (1912-77). The first compiler was Penelope Hack, succeeded in 1974 by Arthur D.Chapman, but a number of botanists assisted especially during the early years. A four-volume, hard copy edition was published by the Australian Biological Resources Study [ABRS] in 1991 (Chapman, 1991). This contained the bibliographic and typification details for more than 60,000 Australian plant names. Today, APNI provides comprehensive publication and Both WIN and APNI can be found at: type citations on-line for nearly 70,000 botanical names www.anbg.gov.au/win used for Australian vascular plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full Report Pdf, 2.9 MB
    VKM Report 2016:50 Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of aquarium and garden pond plants Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2016:50 Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of aquarium and garden pond plants Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 01.11.2016 ISBN: 00000-00000 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) Po 4404 Nydalen N – 0403 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] www.vkm.no www.english.vkm.no Suggested citation: VKM (2016). Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of aquarium and garden pond plants. Scientific Opinion on the on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety ISBN: 978-82-8259-240-6, Oslo, Norway. VKM Report 2016:50 Title: Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of aquarium and garden pond plants Authors preparing the draft opinion Hugo de Boer (chair), Maria G. Asmyhr (VKM staff), Hanne H. Grundt, Inga Kjersti Sjøtun, Hans K. Stenøien, Iris Stiers. Assessed and approved The opinion has been assessed and approved by Panel on Alien organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Members of the panel are: Vigdis Vandvik (chair), Hugo de Boer, Jan Ove Gjershaug, Kjetil Hindar, Lawrence Kirkendall, Nina Elisabeth Nagy, Anders Nielsen, Eli K.
    [Show full text]
  • Metacommunities and Biodiversity Patterns in Mediterranean Temporary Ponds: the Role of Pond Size, Network Connectivity and Dispersal Mode
    METACOMMUNITIES AND BIODIVERSITY PATTERNS IN MEDITERRANEAN TEMPORARY PONDS: THE ROLE OF POND SIZE, NETWORK CONNECTIVITY AND DISPERSAL MODE Irene Tornero Pinilla Per citar o enllaçar aquest document: Para citar o enlazar este documento: Use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/670096 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.ca Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència Creative Commons Reconeixement- NoComercial Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence DOCTORAL THESIS Metacommunities and biodiversity patterns in Mediterranean temporary ponds: the role of pond size, network connectivity and dispersal mode Irene Tornero Pinilla 2020 DOCTORAL THESIS Metacommunities and biodiversity patterns in Mediterranean temporary ponds: the role of pond size, network connectivity and dispersal mode IRENE TORNERO PINILLA 2020 DOCTORAL PROGRAMME IN WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUPERVISED BY DR DANI BOIX MASAFRET DR STÉPHANIE GASCÓN GARCIA Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements to obtain the Degree of Doctor at the University of Girona Dr Dani Boix Masafret and Dr Stéphanie Gascón Garcia, from the University of Girona, DECLARE: That the thesis entitled Metacommunities and biodiversity patterns in Mediterranean temporary ponds: the role of pond size, network connectivity and dispersal mode submitted by Irene Tornero Pinilla to obtain a doctoral degree has been completed under our supervision. In witness thereof, we hereby sign this document. Dr Dani Boix Masafret Dr Stéphanie Gascón Garcia Girona, 22nd November 2019 A mi familia Caminante, son tus huellas el camino y nada más; Caminante, no hay camino, se hace camino al andar.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Alisma Lanceolatum
    Alisma lanceolatum COMMON NAME Water plantain FAMILY Alismataceae AUTHORITY Alisma lanceolatum With. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Herbs - Monocots NVS CODE ALILAN BRIEF DESCRIPTION A marginal aquatic plant, with lance-shaped leaves, with many tiny pink flowers held on a pyramid-shaped inflorescence, much taller than the rest of the plant. DISTRIBUTION Scattered in Hawkes Bay, Wellington and Canterbury. HABITAT Margins of still and slow flowing water bodies and wetlands. FEATURES Upper Hutt. Dec 2006. Photographer: Jeremy Leafy emergent perennial herb up to c. 1 m high, although non-flowering Rolfe plants are much shorter. Aerial parts die off over winter to the rootstock. Leaves all basal, broad ovate 7-23 (28) × 2-5 cm, with a tapered base with a long petiole up to or exceeding the leaf blade. Petiole is semi- circular in cross-section (D-shaped). Submerged or floating leaved plants sometimes occur, these have narrower than emergent leaves. Inflorescence a large, much-branched panicle; branches whorled. Flowers usually pale lilac, c. 1 cm across. C. 20 rounded and flattened seeds (achenes) c. 2.5 mm long, in a dense circular head. SIMILAR TAXA Alisma plantago-aquatica has broader lance-shaped leaves and lilac rather than pink coloured flowers. Sagittaria platyphylla has larger flowers on a smaller inflorescence and triangular petioles. FLOWERING Summer FLOWER COLOURS Red/Pink FRUITING Summer to autumn Upper Hutt. Dec 2006. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe LIFE CYCLE Spreads by waterfowl and water dispersed seed. YEAR NATURALISED 1895 ORIGIN Native to Europe, North Africa and West Asia. REASON FOR INTRODUCTION Possibly ornamental pond plant, or a seed or soil contaminant.
    [Show full text]
  • Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes: a Mini-Review
    Molecules 2013, 18, 4054-4080; doi:10.3390/molecules18044054 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes: A Mini-Review Ming Zhao 1,*, Tanja Gödecke 1, Jordan Gunn 1, Jin-Ao Duan 2 and Chun-Tao Che 1 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborative Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-312-996-1557; Fax: +1-312-996-7107. Received: 6 March 2013; in revised form: 29 March 2013 / Accepted: 1 April 2013 / Published: 5 April 2013 Abstract: Protostane triterpenes belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpene that exhibit unique structural characteristics. Their natural distribution is primarily limited to the genus Alisma of the Alismataceae family, but they have also been occasionally found in other plant genera such as Lobelia, Garcinia, and Leucas. To date, there are 59 known protostane structures. Many of them have been reported to possess biological properties such as improving lipotropism, hepatoprotection, anti-viral activity against hepatitis B and HIV-I virus, anti-cancer activity, as well as reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. On the other hand, fusidanes are fungal products characterized by 29-nor protostane structures. They possess antibiotic properties against staphylococci, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fusidic acid is a representative member which has found clinical applications. This review covers plant sources of the protostanes, their structure elucidation, characteristic structural and spectral properties, as well as biological activities.
    [Show full text]